Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	john_n	lord_n	treasurer_n	3,143	5	10.7684	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05094	The French academie wherin is discoursed the institution of maners, and whatsoeuer els concerneth the good and happie life of all estates and callings, by preceptes of doctrine, and examples of the liues of ancient sages and famous men: by Peter de la Primaudaye Esquire, Lord of the said place, and of Barree, one of the ordinarie gentlemen of the Kings Chamber: dedicated to the most Christian King Henrie the third, and newly translated into English by T.B.; Academie françoise. Part 1. English	La Primaudaye, Pierre de, b. ca. 1545.; Bowes, Thomas, fl. 1586.	1586 (1586)	STC 15233; ESTC S108252	683,695	844

infringe the decrees of the Senate Since that time according to the sundry alterations of their estate and gouernment the councell varied in forme Augustus established a particular councell of the wisest Senators those but few in number and after that another strict councell of Mecaenas and Agrippa with whom he decided the chiefest matters In Turkie the councell is kept foure daies in a week by the Bassaes wheresoeuer the prince soiourneth If it be in time of peace at Constantinople or in some other towne within his dominion if in warre it is kept within his pauilion In this councell called Diuan where audience is open to euery one they consult of embassages and of answers to be made vnto them of matters of estate and of soueraigntie of the meanes how to prouide for decaied prouinces of murders and condemnations The suppliant complainant or suter speaketh without an aduocate and is forced to answer presently to the obiection of his aduersarie if he be present or to prooue his sayings by witnesses and foorthwith the definitiue sentence is giuen which may not be reuoked When the councell hath continued 7. or 8. houres the Bassa Visir maketh true relation to the prince of all that hath been handled if he lie it is present death For the prince oftentimes listeneth at a window called daungerous right against the Diuan which is made in such sort that he may heare and see and not be perceiued and although he were neuer there yet they thinke that he is alwayes there After he hath heard the discourse and aduise of his councell he seldome gainsaieth but confirmeth or moderateth the same These things being thus ordered they are written and registred by officers appointed thereunto Concerning his treasure the Bassaes meddle not there-with but two generall treasurers are ouer-seers and chiefe dealers therein the one being of Romania the other of Anatolia Two Cade lisquers haue the administration of all iustice who sit with the Bassaes in the Diuan neither doth any other sit there but the twelue Bellerbeis the Prince his children beyng Presidents in their fathers absence The Muphtie is chief of the religion and looketh vnto matters of conscience At Venice the generall assemblie of Lordes and gentlemen is called the great councell which hath the soueraigne power of the estate and of which the Senate and the authoritie of all their magistrates dependeth Besides this great councell and Senate compounded of threeskore persons there are foure other councels that is the councell of Sages for sea matters the councell of Sages for land matters the councell of tenne and the councell of seuen where the Duke maketh the seuenth and this is called the Seignorie If there arise any hard matter among the Sages it is referred to the councell of tenne and if they be diuided the councell of seuen is ioyned to the councel of tenne But if the matter be of great waight the Senate is called and sometime also albeit rarely the great councell of all the Venetian Gentlemen in which the last resolution is made At Rhagusium they create a President from moneth to moneth who dwelleth in the pallace and hath twelue counsailors which assembly is called the little councell There is also an other councell called the councell de Pregadie into which a hundreth of the ancientest citizens may enter Next there is the great councell at which all the nobilitie aboue twentie yeeres of age are present At Genes the whole common-wealth is gouerned by them that are borne of eight and twentie families neither is any man called to beare any office whatsoeuer vnlesse he be of this assemblie which they call an Aggregation Out of this are taken foure hundreth which make the great councell that hath all the power and authoritie of the estate and is chosen from yeere to yeere They create the Duke and the eight gouernours of the Common-wealth who are renued from two yeeres to two yeeres In Switzerland there are two councels in euery Canton a little one and a great one But if any great matter fall out that is common to all the leagues they hold their generall councell called a Iourney or a Diet. The like is vsed in Almaigne where the Emperour can ordaine nothing that concerneth the common benefite of Germanie or the authoritie and preseruation of the Empire without the counsell and consent of all the estates especially of the seuen Electors Hee may not of him-selfe vnder-take any warre at his pleasure neither leuie tributes nor rayse souldioures of that nation nor call in any forraine souldioures They haue also a councell established at Spira which is called the Imperiall chamber beyng as it were a Parliament of Almaignes for the administration of iustice among them In Polonia there is an assemblie of estates euery yeere especiallie for these two causes the one to administer iustice in soueraigntie vnto which are brought appeales from all the iudges of the countrey the other to prouide for the defence and safetie of the Countrey against their next enimies namelie the Tartares who make often incursions vppon them None is receyued for a Senatour amongst them if hee bee no Palatine Bishop Gouernour of some Forte or other Captaine or hath not beene Embassadour In Spayne there are seuen councels besides the priuie councell which are alwayes neere the King in seuerall Chambers vnder one roofe that the king may be the better infourmed of all affaires Their names are these the councell of Spayne of the Indies of Italie of the lowe Countreys of Warre of the Order of Saint Iohn and of the Inquisition In the Realme of Englande there is a priuie Councell which neuer exceeded the number of twentie persones The first establishment thereof was but of fifteene although it appeareth by the conclusion of a peace made betweene Lewes the ninth and Henry king of England that seuenteene of the priuie Councell sware vnto it namelie one Archbishop Chauncellour one Bishop six earles and six other lordes besides the high Treasurer and the two magistrates whom they call the chiefe iustices of England Frō three yeeres to three yeeres they hold a parliament where all the estates are called togither to deliberate about the affaires of the kingdom But enough of strangers Let vs now come to the establishment and institution of the councell in this French Monarchie where we shal see that it is not inferior if it go not beyond them in excellencie and good order to all that are alreadie set downe or that euer were First we know that the king hath all soueraigntie by right of the estate as heretofore we haue discoursed The first councell neere about him is the strict or secret councell called the councell of state affaires which is commonly held in the morning after his maiestie is vp None haue entrance into this but a fewe whom the king iudgeth wisest of greatest experience and most trustie to his maiestie with whome

in the end the earle of Richmond ouercame king Richard enioyed the kingdom quietly and was called Henry the seuenth hauing married Elizabeth daughter to Edward the fourth both of them beyng the sole heires of the families of Lancaster and Yorke By means of this mariage the dissention ceased in England and the red and white Roses were ioyned togither in one armes There was no Countrey more afflicted than Spayne both by ciuill warres and by Neighbour-states when it was diuided into many kingdomes The Moores ouer-ranne it on the one side the French and Englishmen deuoured it on the other taking part at the first with the dissentions that were in Castile between Don Peter and Don Henry next with the contentions that arose betwixt Castile and Portingale which caused much euil to both the kingdomes But since that Spaine hath been vnited it hath extended hir dominion into Afrike and into the New found Ilands borne armes in Germany and in Hungary commanded ouer the chief Ilands of the Mediterranean sea ouer Naples and Sicilia ouer Millan and Flanders Contrarywise Italy hauing in former times hir forces knit togither obtained the Empire of the world but being now diuided into many Seignories and Potentates that agree badly togither and hauing suffred all the calamities in the world by ciuil warres lieth open to the iniuries of strangers Through the same cause the power of Germany is greatly diminished wherin not long since the princes of Saxonie were banded one agaynst an other Iohn Fredericke Phillip Lantgraue of Hesse the Duke of Wittemburg with many free cities rebelled against the Emperour the peasauntes rose against the Nobilitie to set themselues at libertie the Anabaptists possessed Munster made a botcher their king and held out the siege for the space of two yeeres Hungaria which had valiauntly resisted the Turkes almost two hundreth yeeres togither was at length subdued by them through the diuisions that were in the countrey as Polonia is greatly threatned by the Moscouite In Persia after the death of king lacob his two sonnes stroue for the gouernement of the countrey but the Sophie Ismael commyng in the meane tyme vpon them with his new religion slew one of them in battell and compelled the other to flie into Arabia and so possessed the kingdome which he left to his children Phillip the eleuenth Duke of Burgundie easilie subdued Dinan and Bouines in the countrey of Liege which were separated onely by a riuer after they had ouerthrowen themselues by their dissentions whereas before he could not obtaine his purpose And whilest the kings of Marrocke warred one with another for the estate the Gouernour of Thunis and of Telensin made himselfe king renting a sunder his two prouinces from the rest to erect a kingdome Concernyng Frenchmen they haue beene often and many times molested with seditions and ciuill warres as well as others The nobilitie of Fraunce was almost all slayne at the battell of Fountenay neere to Auxerre by the ciuill warres betweene Lotharius Lewes and Charles the balde And Champagnie lost so many of the nobilitie in warre that the Gentlewomen had this speciall priuiledge graunted them to make their husbandes noble When king Iohn was prisoner in England Charles his sonne Regent of Fraunce beyng at Paris to gather money for his raunsome there fell such a diuision betweene the king of Nauarre who tooke part with the Parisians and the Regent that the people vnder the guiding of Marcel Prouost of the merchauntes ranne to Charles his lodgyng where the Marshalles of Cleremount and Champagnie were slayne euen in his chaumber and presence and their bodies drawen ouer the marble stones The like was done to Reignold Dacy the kings Attorney besides many other murders so that the Regent had much ado to saue himselfe without Paris But the forest factions that euer were in Fraunce were those of Burgundie and of Orleans which caused a most grieuous cruel ciuill war that lasted 70. yeeres with murders robberies and vnspeakable cruelties Both of them one after another called in the Englishmen to succor them who afterward seazed vpon the crowne It was a pitifull thing to see France cruelly tormented both by hir owne subiects by strangers to see it void of right equitie without magistrates without iudgements without lawes which had no abiding place amongst fire and force where violence onely raigned All this was procured by the ambition of these two houses each of them seeking to obtaine the gouernment of the kingdom vnder Charles the sixt whose wittes fayled him By the means of these diuisions Henry the fift king of England taking to wife Katherine the youngest daughter of king Charles was put in possession of Paris by the duke of Burgundie and proclaimed heire and Regent of Fraunce by the consent of three estates held at Troy But the death of this Henry and the duke of Burgundie forsaking the alliance of the Englishmen with the valure and good behauiour of king Charles the 7. as also the loue and fidelitie of the Frenchmen restored the kingdom to that estate wherin it is at this present Now if France hath heretofore suffred so much by ciuill warres and domesticall seditions if all forraine estates haue receiued so many sundry alterations and incredible wounds by the same means how can we looke for lesse nay rather haue we not already seene the like or greater calamities amongst vs through our dissentiōs priuate quarels between certain houses contending one with another being chiefly mooued with ambition and desire to gouerne Why doe we not acknowledge this first cause of our miseries that we may lay aside all hatred crept in amongst vs vnder pretence of diuersitie of religion that we may reunite our mindes so much diuided to the good and common quietnes of vs all and liue vnder the obedience of our Prince with that fidelitie for which Frenchmen haue been alwais praised aboue other nations Do not so many examples both of auncient and later times make vs see thus much that if we redresse not this contention this goodly and florishing kingdom which heretofore hath growen great by the concord and obedience of our auncestors is readie to fal into vtter ruine and subuersion through our factions diuisions and part-takings Shall this little that remaineth of the French monarchie which in former times hath had all the empire of Germany the kingdoms of Hungarie Spaine and Italy and all the bounds of the Gaules to the riuer of Rhine vnder the obedience of hir lawes shall it I say be thus laid open as a praie and that by hir owne subiectes caried headlong with such passions that they make the way plaine and readie for strangers to bring them vnder their miserable bondage Shall it be said among our posteritie that our selues haue encouraged them to vnder-take that which not long since Spaine Italy England the Lowe countreys the Pope the Venitians being

the guiding of them be giuen to good vertuous and expert Captaines ledde onely with a desire to doe their dutie to their King and Countrie this kingdome will be feared of strangers and without feare it selfe of their assaults and enterprises Especially if in the Prince his absence the soueraigne authoritie of commanding absolutely in the armie be committed into the hands of a Captaine woorthy his charge as we haue discoursed who is able to win the harts of men and to prouoke them to their dutie by liuely and learned reasons as namely That all men must die and therefore that it were too great follie in a man to refuse to die for publike profit which bringeth vnto vs immortall glorie seeing he must once of necessitie yeeld vp his life that a glorious death is alwaies to be preferred before a shamefull life stained with reproch briefly if he can ground his exhortations vpon the occasion of taking armes of time place estate and condition of the enimies and of the good that will come to them if they obtaine the victorie But in all these things the iustice and equitie of the cause of war is that which most of all maketh good men courageous who otherwise neuer ought to fight We may read a million of goodly Orations made in time of warre set forth in one volume with which euery wise and prudent Captaine may helpe himselfe according as occasion is offred Now if that ancient order discipline of which we haue hitherto discoursed and which may be learned more at large in their excellent writings were renued imitated by our armies as the late vse and practise of Armes exercised at this day is apt and fit for the same being more terrible than that of the Ancients who had no gun-powder no doubt but great obedience of souldiors towards their Captaines would arise of it whereas now a daies in steede of commanding they haue nothing left but an humble request to be vsed towards their souldiours who neuertheles turne it into contempt and want of courage But if true obedience were ioined with good order the hope of prosperous successe in our enterprises would be farre greater Nowe when our affaires succeede happily so that wee haue our enimies at aduantage or haue gotten some victorie wee must beware least insolencie blind vs in such sort that trusting to our good happe we goe beyond our bounds and loose the occasion of a certaine and sure benefite through hope of some greater good as yet vncertaine Hannibal after the discomfiture of the Romanes at Cannas sent men to Carthage to carie newes of his victorie and withall to demand a newe supplie Whereupon the Senate was long in deliberating what was to be doone Hannon a prudent old man was of opinion that they were to vse the victorie wisely and to make peace with the Romanes which they might obtain of them with honest conditions and not to expect the hazard of another battell He said that the Carthaginians ought to bee satisfied with this declaration alreadie made to the Romanes that they were such men as could stand against them and therfore seeing they had woonne one victorie of them they should not venture the losse of it in hope of a greater This prudent counsell was not followed although afterwarde the Senate did acknowledge it for the best when that occasion was lost Alexander the Great had already conquered all the East when the Common-wealth of Tyrus being great and mightie bicause the Citie was situated in the water as Venice is and astonished at the greatnes fame of that Monarches power sent their Embassadors vnto him to offer what obedience subiection he would require vpon condition that neither he nor his men would enter into the Citie Alexander disdaining that one citie would shut their gates against him to whō the whole world was open sent them backe again without accepting their offer went thither to pitch his Campe against it After he had continued the siege 4. moneths he thought with himself that one onely Towne would shorten his glorie more than all his other conquests had done before wherupon he purposed to try an agreement by offering that vnto them which thēselues had required before But then the Tyrians were waxen so lustie and bold that they did not only refuse his proffers but also executed as many as came to conclude with them Whereupon Alexander being mooued with indignation caused an assault to be made with such heate and violence that he tooke and sacked the towne put some of the Inhabitants to the edge of the swoord and made the residue seruants and slaues Agreement and composition is alwaies to be preferred before continuance of warre And howsoeuer a man may seeme to be assured and as it were certaine of the victorie yet ought he to doubt the vncertaintie of humane things That courageous and valiant Hannibal being called out of Italy by his Countriemen to succour them against the Romaines by whome they were besieged when his armie was yet whole demanded peace of them before he would enter into battel bicause he saw that if he lost it he brought his Countrie into bondage What then ought another to do that hath lesse vertue and experience than he But men fall into the error of vnmeasurable hope vpon which staying them selues without further consideration they are ouerthrowne Sometimes when we contemne our enimie too much and bring him into a desperat estate we make him more venturous to vndertake and violent to execute any dangerous matter Despaire said Tubero is the last but the strongest assault and a most inuincible tower For this cause the ancient Romane Captaines were very diligent and carefull to lay all kind of necessitie to fight vpon their men and to take it from their enimies by opening vnto them passages to escape which they might haue shut vp against them K. Iohn bicause he would not make peace with the English host which desired to escape onely with life was taken and caried prisoner into England and his armie consisting of fortie or fiftie thousand men was discomfited by ten thousand Englishmen some say more some lesse Gaston de Foix hauing woonne the battell at Rauenna and following after a squadron of Spaniards that fled lost his life and made all that a praie vnto the enimie which he had conquered before in Italy Ancient histories are full of such examples and namely of small armies that ouercame those that were great and mightie Darius against Alexander Pompey against Casar Hannibal against Scipio Marcus Antonius against Augustus Mithridates against Sylla had greater forces without comparison than their enimies Therefore good Traian said that to accept of warre to gather a great number of men to put them in order to giue battell appertaineth to men but to giue victorie was the worke of God onely so that great armies preuaile but litle against the wrath of the Highest If