fit for such a personage with so braue and great attendance for some small number of aduentrous Gentlemen to make discoueries and lie in Garrison ready vpon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant Saluages nothing were more requisite but to haue more to wait play than worke or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was not so necessarie for in Virginia a plaine Souldier that can vse a Pick-axe and spade is better than fiue Knights although they were Knights that could breake a Lance for men of great place not inured to those incounters when they finde things not sutable grow many times so discontented they forget themselues oft become so carelesse that a discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow and to others much miserie At last they stood in for the coast of New-England where they met a small Frenchman rich of Beuers and other Furres Though wee had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie yet they tooke such an abundance of Fish and Fowle and so well refreshed themselues there with wood and water as by the helpe of God thereby hauing beene at Sea sixteene weekes got to Virginia who without this reliefe had beene in great danger to perish The French-men made them such a feast with such an abundance of varietie of Fish Fowle and Fruits as they all admired and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such wonderfull abundance of plentie In this ship came about two hundred men but very little prouision and the ship called the Treasurer came in againe not long after with fortie passengers the Lord la Wares ship lying in Virginia three moneths wee victualled her with threescore bushels of Corne and eight Hogsheads of flesh besides other victuall she spent whilest they tarried there this ship brought vs aduice that great multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent and relied much vpon that victuall they should finde here whereupon our Captaine called a Councell and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the Colonie and what a great miserie would insue if they sent not prouision as well as people and what they did suffer for want of skilfull husbandmen and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke hauing as good ground as any man can desire and about fortie Bulls and Oxen but they wanted men to bring them to labour and Irons for the Ploughs and harnesse for the Cattell Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with one Plough but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped it was most shaken and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats in the Barne but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan desired leaue to returne to his wife at Charles hundred hee went to Iames towne by water there he got foure more to goe with him by land but it proued that he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania where making shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had which the Saluages perceiuing partly for their trucke partly for reuenge of some friends they pretended should haue beene slaine by Captaine Yearley one of them with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead the other Saluages assaulted the rest and slew them stripped them and tooke what they had But fearing this murther would come to light and might cause them to suffer for it would now proceed to the perfection of villanie for presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne stole all the Indian treasure thereout and fled into the woods as other Indians related On Sunday following one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the towne going to Church left his wife and three small children safe at home as he thought and a young youth she supposing praier to be done left the children and went to meet her husband presently after came three or foure of those fugitiue Saluages entred the house and slew a boy and three children and also another youth that stole out of the Church in praier time meeting them was likewise murdered Of this disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction but he excused the matter as altogether ignorant of it at the same time the Saluages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough and much feared the English would bee reuenged on them so that Opechankanough sent to Captaine Argall to assure him the peace should neuer be broken by him desiring that he would not reuenge the iniurie of those fugitiues vpon the innocent people of that towne which towne he should haue and sent him a basket of earth as possession giuen of it and promised so soone as possibly they could catch these robbers to send him their heads for satisfaction but he neuer performed it Samuel Argall Iohn Rolfe A relation from Master Iohn Rolfe Iune 15. 1618. COncerning the state of our new Common-wealth it is somewhat bettered for we haue sufficient to content our selues though not in such abundance as is vainly reported in England Powhatan died this last Aprill yet the Indians continue in peace Itopatin his second brother succeeds him and both hee and Opechankanough haue confirmed our former league On the eleuenth of May about ten of the clocke in the night happened a most fearefull tempest but it continued not past halfe an houre which powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about that none durst goe out of their doores and though it tore the barke and leaues of the trees yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast it fell onely about Iames towne for but a mile to the East and twentie to the West there was no haile at all Thus in peace euery man followed his building and planting without any accidents worthy of note Some priuate differences happened betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall and Captaine Argall and the Companie here in England but of them I am not fully informed neither are they here for any vse and therefore vnfit to be remembred In December one Captaine Stallings an old planter in those parts being imployed by them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage in new-New-England fell foule of a Frenchman whom hee tooke leauing his owne ship to returne for England himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke some small time after vpon the coast and thence returned to winter in Virginia The gouernment surrendred to Sir George Yearley FOr to begin with the yeere of our Lord 1619. there arriued a little Pinnace priuatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall who taking order for his affaires within foure or fiue daies returned in her and left for his Deputy Captaine Nathaniel Powell On the eâ—ighteenth of Aprill which was but ten or twelue daies after arriued Sir George Yearley by whom we vnderstood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy and what great supplies was a preparing to be sent vs
t' were to goe to bed or drinke And all thou yet hast done thou dost esteeme As nothing This doth cause me thinke That thou I 'aue seene so oft approu'd in dangers And thrice captiu'd thy valour still hath freed Art yet preserued to conuert those strangers By God thy guide I trust it is decreed For me I not commend but much admire Thy England yet vnknowne to passers by-her For it will praise it selfe in spight of me Thou it it thou to all posterity Your true friend and souldier Ed. Robinson To my honest Captaine the Author MAlignant Times What can be said or done But shall be censur'd and traduc't by some This worthy Worke which thou hast bought so deare Ne thou nor it Detractors need to feare Thy words by deeds so long thou hast approu'd Of thousands know thee not thou art belou'd And this great Plot will make thee ten times more Knowne and belou'd than ere thou wert before I neuer knew a Warrier yet but thee From wine Tobacco debts dice oaths so free I call thee Warrier and I make the bolder For many a Captaine now was neuer Souldier Some such may swell at this but to their praise When they haue done like thee my Muse shall raise Their due deserts to Worthies yet to come To liue like thine admir'd till day of Doome Your true friend sometimes your souldier Tho. Carlton NEW ENGLAND The most remarqueable parts thus named by the high and mighty Prince CHARLES Prince of great Britaine THE PORTRAICTUER OF CAPTAYNE IOHN SMITH ADMIRALL OF NEW ENGLAND These are the Lines that shew thy Face but those That shew thy Grace and Glory brighter bee Thy Faire-Discoueries and Fowle-Overthrowes Of Salvages much Civilliz'd by thee Best shew thy Spirit and to it Glory Wyn So thou art Brasse without but Golde within If so in Brasse too soft Smiths Acts to beare I fix thy Fame to make Brasse steele out weare Thine as thou art Virtues Goâ—â—â— Dauies Heref HONY S OIT QVI MAL Y PENSE A Scale of Leagues Observed and described by Captayn John Smith 1614 London Printed by Geor Low THE SIXTH BOOKE THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF NEW-ENGLAND COncerning this History you are to vnderstand the Letters-Patents granted by his Maiesty in 1606. for the limitation of Virginia did extend from 34. to 44. which was diuided in two parts namely the first Colony and the second the first was to the honourable City of London and such as would aduenture with them to discouer and take their choice where they would betwixt the degrees of 34. and 41. The second was appropriated to the Cities of Bristol Exeter and Plimoth c. and the West parts of England and all those that would aduenture and ioine with them and they might make their choise any where betwixt the degrees of 38. and 44. prouided there should bee at least 100. miles distance betwixt these 2. Colonies each of which had lawes priuileges and authoritie for the gouernment and aduancing their seuerall Plantations alike Now this part of America hath formerly beene called Norumbega Virginia Nuskoncus Penaquida Cannada and such other names as those that ranged the Coast pleased But because it was so mountainous rocky and full of Iles few haue aduentured much to trouble it but as is formerly related notwithstanding that honourable Patron of vertue Sir Iohn Popham Lord chiefe Iustice of England in the yeere 1606. procured meanes and men to possesse it and sent Captaine George Popham for President Captaine Rawley Gilbert for Admirall Captaine Edward Harlow master of the Ordnance Captaine Robert Dauis Sargeant-Maior Captaine Elis Best Marshall Master Seaman Secretary Captaine Iames Dauis to be Captaine of the Fort Master Gome Carew chiefe Searcher all those were of the Councell who with some hundred more were to stay in the Country they set saile from Plimoth the last of May and fell with Monahigan the eleuenth of August At Sagadahock 9. or 10. leagues southward they planted themselues at the mouth of a faire nauigable Riuer but the coast all thereabouts most extreme stony and rocky that extreme frozen Winter was so cold they could not range nor search the Country and their prouision so small they were glad to send all but 45. of their company backe againe their noble President Captaine Popham died and not long after arriued two ships well prouided of all necessaries to supply them and some small time after another by whom vnderstanding of the death of the Lord chiefe Iustice and also of Sir Iohn Gilbert whose lands there the President Rawley Gilbert was to possesse according to the aduenturers directions finding nothing but extreme extremities they all returned for England in the yeere 1608. and thus this Plantation was begunne and ended in one yeere and the Country esteemed as a cold barren mountainous rocky Desart Notwithstanding the right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and those of the I le of Wight imploied Captaine Edward Harlow to discouer an I le supposed about Cape Cod but they found their plots had much abused them for falling with Monahigan they found onely Cape Cod no I le but the maine there they detained three Saluages aboord them called Pechmo Monopet and Pekenimne but Pechmo leapt ouer board and got away and not long after with his consorts cut their Boat from their sterne got her on shore and so filled her with sand and guarded her with Bowes and Arrowes the English lost her not farre from thence they had three men sorely wounded with Arrowes Anchoring at the I le of Nohone the Saluages in their Canowes assaulted the Ship till the English Guns made them retire yet here they tooke Sakaweston that after he had liued many yeeres in England went a Souldier to the warres of Bohemia At Capawo they tooke Coneconam and Epenow but the people at Agawom vsed them kindly so with fiue Saluages they returned for England yet Sir Francis Popham sent diuers times one Captaine Williams to Monahigan onely to trade and make core fish but for any Plantations there was no more speeches For all this as I liked Virginia well though not their proceedings so I desired also to see this country and spend some time in trying what I could finde for all those ill rumors and disasters From the relations of Captaine Edward Harlow and diuers others In the month of Aprill 1614. at the charge of Capt. Marmaduke Roydon Capt. George Langam Mr. Iohn Buley and Mr. William Skelton with two ships from London I chanced to arriue at Monahigan an I le of America in 434. of Northerly latitude out plot was there to take Whales for which we had one Samuel Cramton and diuers others expert in that faculty also to make trialls of a Mine of gold copper if those failed Fish and Furs were then our refuge to make our selues sauers howsoeuer we found this Whale-fishing a costly conclusion we saw many and spent much time in chasing them but could not
and Poultry as is formerly related yet for so departing and other occasions much difference hath beene betwixt him and some of the Company as any of his Predecessors which I rather wish were reconciled then to be a reporter of such vnprofitable dissentions For Till trechery and faction and auarice be gone Till enuy and ambition and backbiting be none Till periury and idlenesse and iniury be out And truly till that villany the worst of all that rout Vnlesse those vises banisht be what euer Forts you haue A hundred walls together put will not haue power to saue Master Iohn Barnard sent to be Gouernour TO supply this place was sent by the noble aduenturers Iohn Bernard a Gentleman both of good meanes and quality who arriued within eight daies after Butlers departure with two ships and about one hundred and forty passengers with armes and all sorts of munition and other prouisions sufficient During the time of his life which was but six weekes in reforming all things he found defectiue he shewed himselfe so iudiciall and industrious as gaue gâ—eat satisfaction and did generally promise vice was in great danger to be suppressed and vertue and the Plantation much aduanced but so it hapned that both he and his wife died in such short time they were both buried in one day and one graue and Master Iohn Harrison chosen Gouernour till further order came from England What hapned in the gouernment of Master Iohn Harrison THey are still much troubled with a great short worme that deuours their Plants in the night but all the day they lie hid in the ground and though early in the morning they kill so many they would thinke there were no more yet the next morning you shall finde as many The Caterpillers to their fruits are also as pernicious and the land Crabs in some places are as thicke in their Borowes as Conies in a Warren and doe much hurt besides all this there hapned this yeere a very heauy disaster for a ship wherein there had beene much swearing and blaspheming vsed all the voyage and landed what she had to leaue in those Iles iouâ—ally froliking in their Cups and Tobacco by accident fired the Powder that at the very instant blew vp the great Cabin and some one way and some another it is a wonder to thinke how they could bee so blowne out of the gun-roome into the Sea where some were taken vp liuing so pitifully burned their liues were worse then so many deaths some died some liued but eighteene were lost at this fatall blast the ship also immediatly sunke with threescore barrels of meale sent for Virginia and all the other prouision in her was thus lost Now to consider how the Spaniards French and Dutch haue beene lost and preserued in those inuincible Iles yet neuer regarded them but as monuments of miseries though at this present they all desire them How Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers being ready to sinke in the sea were saued what an incredible abundance of victuall they found how it was first planted by the English the strange increase of Rats and their sudden departure the fiue men came from England in a boat the escape of Hilliard and the rest of those accidents there hapned a man would thinke it a tabernacle of miracles and the worlds wonder that from such a Paradise of admiration who would thinke should spring such wonders of afflictions as are onely fit to be sacrificed vpon the highest altars of sorrow thus to be set vpon the highest Pinacles of content and presently throwne downe to the lowest degree of extremity as you see haue beene the yeerely succeedings of those Plantations the which to ouercome as it is an incomparable honour so it can be no dishonour if a man doe miscarry by vnfortunate accidents in such honourable actions the which renowne and vertue to attaine hath caused so many attempts by diuers Nations besides ours euen to passe through the very amazement of aduentures Vpon the relation of this newes the Company hath sent one Captaine Woodhouse a Gentleman of good repute and great experience in the warres and no lesse prouident then industrious and valiant then returned report all goeth well there It is too true in the absence of the noble Treasurer Sir Edward Sackvill now Earle of Dorset there haue beene such complaints betwixt the Planters and the Company that by command the Lords appointed Sir Thomas Smith againe Treasurer that since then according to their order of Court he is also elected where now we must leaue them all to their good fortune and successe till we heare further of their fortunate proceedings FINIS To his friend Captaine Smith vpon his description of new-New-England SIr your Relations I haue read which shew Ther 's reason I should honour them and you And if their meaning I haue vnderstood I dare to censure thus Your Proiect 's good And may if follow'd doubtlesse quit the paine With honour pleasure and a trebble gaine Beside the benefit that shall arise To make more happy our Posterities For would we daigne to spare though 't were no more Then what ore-fils and surfets vs in store To order Nature's fruitfulnesse a while In that rude Garden you New-England stile With present good ther 's hope in after-daies Thence to repaire what Time and Pride decaies In this rich Kingdome And the spacious West Being still more with English bloud possest The proud Iberians shall not rule those Seas To checke our ships from sailing where they please Nor future times make any forraine power Become so great to force a bound to Our Much good my minde foretels would follow hence With little labour and with lesse expence Thriue therefore thy Designe who ere enuy England may ioy in England's Colony Virginia seeke her Virgin sisters good Be blessed in such happy neighbourhood Or whatsoere Fate pleaseth to permit Be thou still honour'd for first mouing it George Wither è societate Lincol. To that worthy and generous Gentleman my very good friend Captaine Smith MAy Fate thy Proiect prosper that thy name May be eternized with liuing fame Though foule Detraction Honour would peruert And Enuie euer waits vpon desert In spight of Pelias when his hate lies cold Returne as Iason with a fleece of gold Then after-ages shall record thy praise That a New-England to this I le didst raise And when thou di'st as all that liue must die Thy fame liue here thou with Eternity R. Gunnell To his worthy Captaine the Author OFt thou hast led when I brought vp the Rere In bloudy wars where thousands haue beene slaine Then giue me leaue in this some part to beare And as thy seruant here to reade my name T is true long time thou hast my Captaine beene In the fierce warres of Transiluania Long ere that thou America hadst seene Or led wast captiu'd in Virginia Thou that to passe the worlds foure parts dost deeme No more then
would long ere this haue troubled their neighbours or haue eaten the pride of Spaine it selfe Now hee knowes little that knowes not England may well spare many more people then Spaine and is as well able to furnish them with all manner of necessaries and seeing for all they haue they cease not still to search for that they haue not and know not it is strange we should be so dull as not maintaine that which we haue and pursue that we know Surely I am sure many would take it ill to be abridged of the titles and honors of their predecessorâ— when if but truly they would iudge themselues looke how inferior they are to their Noble Vertues so much they are vnworthy of their honors and liuings which neuer were ordained for shewes and shadowes to maintaine idlenesse and vice but to make them more able to abound in honor by Heroicall deeds of action iudgement pietie and vertue What was it both in their purse and person they would not doe for the good of their Common-wealth which might moue them presently to set out their spare children in these generous designes Religion aboue all things should moue vs especially the Clergie if we are religious to shew our faith by our works in conuerting those poore Saluages to the knowledge of God seeing what paines the Spaniards takes to bring them to their adultered faith Honor might moue the Gentry the valiant and industrious and the hope and assurance of wealth all if we were that we would seeme and be accounted or be we so farre inferior to other Nations or our spirits so farre deiected from our ancient predecessors or our mindes so vpon spoile piracy and such villany as to serue the Portugall Spaniard Dutch French or Turke as to the cost of Europe too many doe rather then our God our King our Country and our selues excusing our idlenesse and our base complaints by want of imploiment when here is such choice of all sorts and for all degrees in the planting and discouering these North parts of America My second voyage to New England IN the yeere of our Lord 1615. I was imploied by many my friends of London and Sir Ferdinando Gorges a noble Knight and a great fauourer of those actions who perswaded the reuerend Deane of Exeter Doctor Sutliffe and diuers Merchants of the West to entertaine this Plantation Much labour I had taken to bring the Londoners and them to ioyne together because the Londoners haue most Money and the Westerne men are most proper for fishing and it is neere as much trouble but much more danger to faile from London to Plimoth then from Plimoth to New England so that halfe the voiage would thus be saued yet by no meanes I could preuaile so desirous they were both to be Lords of this fishing Now to make my words more apparant by my deeds to begin a Plantation for a more ample triall of those conclusions I was to haue staied there but with sixteene men whose names were Tho. Dirmer Gent. Iohn Gosling Sould. Thomas Digby Walter Chisell were to learne to be Sailers Edw. Stallings William Ingram Daniel Baker Robert Miller Daniel Cage Dauid Cooper Adam Smith And two Boyes Francis Abbot Iohn Partridge Tho. Watson I confesse I could haue wished them as many thousands had all other prouisions beene in like proportion nor would I haue had so few could I haue had means for more yet would God haue pleased we had safely arriued I doubted not but to haue performed more then I promised and that many thousands ere this would haue bin there ere now The maine assistance next God I had to this small number was my acquaintance amongst the Saluages especially with Dohoday one of their greatest Lords who had liued long in England and another called Tantum I caried with mee from England and set on shore at Cape Cod by the meanes of this proud Saluage I did not doubt but quickly to haue got that credit amongst the rest of the Saluages and their alliance to haue had as many of them as I desired in any designe I intended and that trade also they had by such a kinde of exchange of their Countrey Commodities which both with ease and securitie might then haue beene vsed with him and diuers others I had concluded to inhabit and defend them against the Tarentines with a better power then the French did them whose tyrannie did inforce them to embrace my offer with no small deuotion and though many may think me more bold then wise in regard of their power dexteritie treachery and inconstancy hauing so desperately assaulted and betraied many others I say but this because with so many I haue many times done much more in Virginia then I intended here when I wanted that experience Virginia taught mee that to me it seemes no more danger then ordinary and though I know my selfe the meanest of many thousands whose apprehensiue inspection can pierce beyond the bounds of my abilities into the hidden things of Nature Art and Reason yet I intreat such giue mee leaue to excuse my selfe of so much imbecillitie as to say that in these eighteene yeeres which I haue beene conuersant with these affaires I haue not learned there is a great difference betwixt the directions and iudgement of experimentall knowledge and the superficiall coniecture of variable relation wherein rumour humour or misprision haue such power that oft times one is enough to beguile twentie but twentie not sufficient to keepe one from being deceiued Therefore I know no reason but to beleeue my owne eies before any mans imagination that is but wrested from the conceits of my owne proiects and endeuours but I honor with all affection the counsell and instructions of iudiciall directions or any other honest aduertisement so farre to obserue as they tie me not to the crueltie of vnknowne euents These are the inducements that thus drew me to me to neglect all other imploiments and spend my time and best abilities in these aduentures wherein though I haue had many discouragements by the ingratitude of some the malicious slanders of others the falsenesse of friends the treachery of cowards and slownesse of Aduenturers Now you are to remember as I returned first from New England at Plimoth I was promised foure good ships ready prepared to my hand the next Christmas and what conditions and content I would desire to put this businesse in practise and arriuing at London foure more were offered me with the like courtesie But to ioyne the Londoners them in one was most impossible so that Ianuary with two hundred pound in Chash for aduenture and six Gentlemen well furnished I went from London to the foure ships were promised me at Plimoth but I found no such matter and the most of those that had made such great promises by the bad returne of the ship went for Gold and their priuate emulations were extinct and qualified Notwithstanding at last with
Pocahontas meeting in England with Captaine Smith Vitamatomack obseruations of his vsage Pocahontas her entertainment with the Queene Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of Pocahontas 1000. bushels of Corne from the Saluages Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of the Lord la Ware They are relieued in new-New-England Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Saluages Their Church and Store-house Farfax three children and two boyes also murdered Powhatans death Haile-stones eight inches about Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Master Iohn Fareâ— Deputie Waraskoyack planted A barrell they account foure bushels Their time of Parlament Foure corporations named Captaine Wards exploit The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen But few performe them The Earle of Southampton Treasurer and M. Iohn Ferrar Deputy A French-man cast away at Guardalupo The Spaniards begin The Vice-Admirall shot betweene wind and water The manner of their fight The Captaine slaine A worthy exploit of Lucas The euent of the fight The Eaâ—le of South-hampton Treasurer Master Iohn Farrar Deputy The election of Sir Francis Wyat Gouernour for Virginia Notes worthy obseruation A degression Master Stockams relation The arriuall of Sir Francis Wyat. Master Gookins Plantation The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen Patents granted My iourney to the Easterne shore A good place to make salt in The King of Pawtxunts entertainment The trecherie of Namanicus Thomas Saluages good seruice The Earle of Southâ—mpton Treasure and Nicolas Farrar Deputy Fiue and twentie sent only to build Barks and Boats The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp Security a bad guard The manner of the massacre Their cruelty The murder of Master Thorp The slauâ—hter of Captaine Powell A Saluage slaine M. Baldwines escape M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth The Saluages attempt to surprise a ship Six of the Councell slaine How it was reuealed Memorandums Captaine Smith His Maiesties gâ—t London sets out 100 persons A lamentable example tâ—o oft appâ—oued Note this conclusion How the Spaniaâ—ds raise their wealth in the West Indies How they were reduced to fiue or six places Gookiâ—s and 〈◊〉 resolutions The opinion of Captaine Smith The prouidence of Captaine Nuse Captaine Croshaw his voyage to Patawomâ—k The arriuall of this newes in England Captaine Smiths offer to the Company Their answer The manner of the Sallery Captaine Croshaw states at Patawomek and his aduentures The escape of Waters and his Wâ—â—e The arriuall of Captaine 〈◊〉 at Patawomek Croshaws Fort and plot for trade â—â—â—taine Madysâ—â—â—ent â—ent to Patawâ—mâ—k The industry of Captaine Nuse Captaine Powel kils 3. Saluages The opinion of Captaine Smith Sir George Yearleys iourny to Accomack Captaine Nuse his misery An Alarum foure slaine The kindnesse of the King of Patawomek A Saluageâ— policy Madâ—son takes the Kâ—ng and kils 30. oâ— 40. The King set at liberty A digression Their proceedings of the other plantations 300 surpriseth Nandsamund Samuell Collyer slaine They surprise Pamavuke The opinion of Captaine Smith How to subiect all the Saluages in Virginia The arriuall of Captaine Butler his accidents A strange deliueraâ—ce of Master Aâ—gent others How Captaine Spilman was left in the Riuer of Patawomek The Earle of Southampton Treasurer Apparell for one man and so after the rate for more The causes of our first miseries But â—8 English in all Virginia Proofes of the healthfulnesse of the Countrey How the Saluages became subiected How we liued of the natural fruits of the Countrey Proofe of the Commodities we returned What we built How I left the Country My charge My reward The King hath pleased to take it iâ—to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—sideration The description of the Iles. The clime temper and fertility Trees and Fruits The Prickell Peare The poison weed The red weed The purging Beane The costiue tree Red Pepper The Sea feather Fruits transported Birds Egge-Birds Cahowes The Tropicke Bird and the Pemblicos presagements Of Vermine 〈◊〉 Ashes The most hurtfull things in those Iles. How it is supposed they were called the Bermudâ—â— The building and calking their Barke His returne for England A most desperate estate by a storm The care and iudgement of Sir George Somers An euident token of Gods mercy Sir George Somers 〈…〉 What meanes they mâ—de to send to Virginia A mariage and two children borne Their arriuall in Virginia Sir George Sâ—mmers his returne to the Bermudas 〈…〉 The proceedings of the three men A peece of Amber-greece of 80. pound weight How they were supplied 1611. The arriuall of Master More 1612. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Their differences about the Amber-greece Chard in danger of hanging Master Mores industry in fortifying and planting A contention of the Minister agâ—inst the Gouernor Two peeces wâ—â—hed out of the Sea Aduenture The first supply 1613. The second supply Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of two Spanish ships A great famine and mortalitie Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange being of Rauens All workes abandoned to get onely victual A supply and M. Mores returne Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Carter Captaine Kendall Capt. Mansfield A wonderfull accident Treasure found in the Summer Iles. A new Gouernor chosen Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Tuckars proceedings A Barke sent to the West Indies The Assises The strange aduenture of fiue men in a boat Plants from the West Indies The exploits of Captain Powâ—ll The second Assise The third Assise Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The countrey neere deuoured with rats A strange confusion of rats The returne of M. Powel from the Indies A supposed mutiny by M. Pollard and M. Rich. 1618. The diuision of the Iles into Tribes Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first Magazin Two exploits of desperate Fugitiues The arriuall of the Blessing The arriuall of two ships Captaine Butler chosen Gouernor A plat-forme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano 1619. The refortifying the Kings Castle Amber-greece found The arriuall of two Dutch Frigots The differences betwixt the Ministers The rebuilding the Mount. The Tombe of Sir George Summers Their manner of lawes reformed Martiall Officers Ciuill Officers and Courts The second Assise A generall assemblie in manner a Parliament Their Acts. The arriuall of the Magazin ship 70000. weight of Tobacco The building of three bridges and other works The generall Assises and the proceedings A strange deliuerance of a Spanish wracke How they solemnized the powder treason and the arriuall of two ships The Spaniards returne and in danger againe 1621. Three English Murderers found in the Spanish wracke Their Assises and other passages A strange Sodomy More trialls about the wracks The Planters complaints The returne of Captaine Butler The Lord Caueâ—dâ—sh Tâ—easuâ—er Master Nicholas Farrar Deputy Sir Edward Sackuil Treasurer Master Gabriel Barber Deputy Note 1624. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer and Master Edwards Deputy Sir Francis Popham Treasurer My first voyage to New England 1614. The coÌ„modities I got amounted to 1500. pounds The trechery of Master Hunt How Prince Charles
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF Virginia New-England and the Summer Isles with the names of the Adventurers Planters and Governours from their first beginning An 1584. to this present 1624. WITH THE PROCEDINGS OF THOSE SEVERALL COLONIES and the Accidents that befell them in all their Journyes and Discoveries Also the Maps and Descriptions of all those Countryes their Commodities people Government Customes and Religion yet knowne DIVIDED INTO SIXE BOOKES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometymes Governour in those Countryes Admirall of New England LONDON Printed by I.D. and I.H. for Michael Sparkes 1624. TO THE ILLVSTRIOVS AND MOST NOBLE PRINCESSE the Lady FRANCIS Duchesse of RICHMOND and LENOX MAy it please your Grace This History as for the raritie and varietie of the subiect so much more for the judicious Eyes it is like to vndergoe and most of all for that great Name whereof it dareth implore Protection might and ought to haue beene clad in better robes then my rude military hand can cut out in Paper Ornaments But because of the most things therein I am no Compiler by hear-say but haue beene a reall Actor I take my selfe to haue a propertie in them and therefore haue beene bold to challenge them to come vnder the reach of my owne rough Pen. That which hath beene indured and passed through with hardship and danger is thereby sweetned to the Actor when he becometh the Relator I haue deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in Recording He that acteth two parts is the more borne withall if he come short or fayle in one of them Where shall we looke to finde a Iulius Caesar whose atchieuments shine as cleare in his owne Commentaries as they did in the field I confesse my hand though able to weild a weapon among the Barbarous yet well may tremble in handling a Pen among so many Indicious especially when I am so bold as to call so piercing and so glorious an Eye as your Grace to view these poore ragged lines Yet my comfort is that heretofore honorable and vertuous Ladies and comparable but amongst themselues haue offred me rescue and protection in my greatest dangers even in forraine parts I haue felt reliefe from that sex The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda when I was a slaue to the Turkes did all she could to secure me When I overcame the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria the charitable Lady Callâ—mata supplyed my necessities In the vtmost of many extremities that blessed Pokahontas the great Kings daughter of Virginia oft saved my life When I escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea and driven ashore in France the good Lady Madam Chanoyes bountifully assisted me And so verily these my adventures haue tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand which hath given birth to the publication of this Narration If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke view I pray you rather your owne Bountie without which it had dyed in the wombe then my imperfections which haue no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to be sheltered from censorious condemnation Vouchsafe some glimpse of your honorable aspect to accept these my labours to protect them vnder the shadow of your excellent Name which will inable them to be presented to the Kings royall Maiestie the most admired Prince Charles and the Queene of Bohemia your sweet Recommendations will make it the worthier of their good countenances And as all my endevours are their due tribute so this Page shall record to posteritie that my service shall be to pray to God that you may still continue the renowned of your sexe the most honored of men and the highly blessed of God Your Graces faithfull and devoted servant IOHN SMITH ¶ A Preface of foure Poynts THis plaine History humbly sheweth the truth that our most royall King Iames hath place and opportunitie to inlarge his ancient Dominions without wronging any which is a condition most agreeable to his most iust pious resolutions and the Prince his Highness may see where to plant new Colonies The gaining Prouinces addeth to the Kings Crown but the reducing Heathen people to ciuilitie and true Religion bringeth honour to the King of Heauen If his Princely wisedome and powerfull hand renowned through the world for admirable government please but to set these now Estates into order their composure will be singular the counsell of divers is confused the generall Stocke is consumed nothing but the touch of the Kings sacred hand can erect a Monarchy Most noble Lords and worthy Gentlemen it is your Honors that haue imployed great paines and large expence in laying the foundation of this State wherein much hath beene buried vnder ground yet some thing hath sprung vp and giuen you a taste of your adventures Let no difficulties alter your noble intentions The action is an honour to your Country and the issue may well reimburse you your summes expended Our practices haue hitherto beene but assayes and are still to be amended Let your bountie supply the necessities of weake beginnings and your excellent iudgements rectifie the proceedings the returne cannot choose in the end but bring you good Commodities and good contentments by your aduancing shipping and fishing so vsefull vnto our Nation Yee valiant and generous spirits personall possessors of these new-found Territories banish from among you Cowardise covetousnes iealousies and idlenes enemies to the raising your honours and fortunes vertue industry and amitie will make you good and great and your merits liue to ensuing Ages You that in contempt of necessities hazard your liues and estates imploying your studies labours in these faire endevours liue and prosper as I desire my soule should prosper For my selfe let emulation and enuie cease I ever intended my actions should be vpright now my care hath beene that my Relations should giue every man they concerne their due But had I not discovered and liued in the most of those parts I could not possibly haue collected the substantiall truth from such a number of variable Relations that would haue made a Volume at least of a thousand sheets Though the beginning may seeme harsh in regard of the Antiquities breuitie and names a pleasanter Discourse ensues The stile of a Souldier is not eloquent but honest and iustifiable so I desire all my friends and well-wishers to excuse and accept it and if any be so noble as to respect it he that brought New England to light though long since brought in obscuritie he is againe to be found a true servant to all good designes So I ever rest yours to command IOHN SMITH A Gentleman desirous to be vnknowne yet a great Benefactor to Virginia his loue to the Author the Company and History STay reade behold skill courage knowledge Arts Wonder of Nature Mirror of our Clime Mars Vulcan Neptune striue to haue their parts Rare Ornaments
rich honours of our time From far fetcht Indies and Virginia's soyle Here Smith is come to shew his Art and skill He was the Smith that hammered famins foyle And on Powhatan's Emperour had his will Though first ColuÌ„bus Indies true Christofer Cabots braue Florida much admirer Meta Incognita rare Martin Frobisher Gilberts braue Humphery Neptunes deuourer Captaine Amadis Raleighs discouerer Sir Richard Grenvill Zealands braue coaster Drake doomes drowne death Spaines scorner Gosnolds Relates Pring prime observer Though these be gone and left behinde a name Yet Smith is here to Anvile out a peece To after Ages and eternall Fame That we may haue the golden Iasons fleece He Vulcan like diâ— forge a true Plantation And chain'd their Kings to his immortall glory Restoring peace and plentie to the Nation Regaining honour to this worthy Story By him the Infidels had due correction He blew the bellowes still of peace and plentie He made the Indians bow vnto subiection And Planters ne're return'd to Albion empty The Colonies pin'd staru'd staring bones so feeble By his braue proiects proued strong againe The Souldiers ' lowance he did seeke to treble And made the Salvage in vncouth place remaine He left the Countrey in prosperous happie state And plenty stood with peace at each mans doore Regarding not the Salvage loue nor hate TheÌ„selues grew well the IndiaÌ„s wondrous poore This there he did and now is home return'd To shew vs all that never thither goe That in his heart he deepely oft hath mourn'd Because the Action goeth on so slow Braue graue Wise Rich prize Benefactors Replant want continue still good Actors Be kinde and finde bring eyes to blind By Gods great might giue Indians light Spend money Bloud to doe that good That may giue Indians heav'nly food And God no lesse you still shall blesse Both you and yours the Lands possesse S. M. See here behold as in a Glasse All that is or is and was T. T. 1624. Samuel Purchas of his friend Captaine Iohn Smith and his Virginia LOe here SMITHS Forge where Forgery's Roâ—gue-branded True Pegasus is shoo'd fetters are forged For Silke-sotts Milk-sops base Sloth farre hence landed Soile-chang'd Soule-soil'd still Englands dregs discharged To plant supplant Virginia home-disgorged Where vertues praise frames good men Stories armour 'Gainst Time Achilles-like with best Arts charged Pallas all-arm'd all-learn'd can teach Sword-Grammer Can Pens of Pikes Armes t' Arts to Scholar Souldier hammer Can Pilgrim make a Maker all so-well Hath taught Smith scoure my rustie out-worne Muse And so coniur'd her in Virginian Cell That things vnlearned long by want of vse Shee fresh areeds me read without abuse By fabling Arthurs great Acts little made By greater lies she saith seales Faith excuse T' Island Groonland Estotiland to wade After lie-legends Malgo Brandon are Wares braide The Fryer of Linne frights her with his black Art Nor Brittish Bards can tell where Madoc planted Cabots Thorns Elyots truth haue wenne her heart Eldest diâ—cov'rers of New Worlds Cont'nent granted So had iust Fates Colon and Vespuce panted This got the name last least of Three the Other New Worlds Isles found first Cabot is most chanted In Three-Mens-song did more New World discover Then both then any an hundred degrees coasted over Haile S ir Sebastian Englands Northern Pole Virginia's finder Virgin Eliza nam'd it Gaâ—e't Raleigh Rut Prat Hore I not enrole Amadas rites to English right first fram'd it Lane planted return'd nor had English tam'd it Greenviles and Whites men all slaine New Plantation IAMES founds Sloth confounds feare pride faction sham'd it Smiths Forge mends all makes chaines for Savage Nation Frees feeds the rest the rest reade in his Bookes Relation Thomas Macarnesse to his worthy friend and Countryman Captaine Iohn Smith WHo loues to liue at home yet looke abroad And know both passen and vnpassen road The prime Plantation of an vnknowne shore The men the manners fruitfulnesse and store Read but this little Booke and then confesse The lesse thou lik'st and lou'st thou liu'st the lesse He writ it with great labour for thy good Twice over now in paper 'fore in blood It cost him deare both paines without an ayme Of private profit for thy publicke gaine That thou mightst read and know and safely see What he by practice thou by Theoree Commend him for his loyall loving heart Or else come mend him and take thou his part To his friend Captaine Iohn Smith and his Worke. I Know not how Desert more great can rise Then out of Danger t' ane for good mens Good Nor who doth better winne th' Olympian prize Than he whose Countryes Honor stirres his bloud Private respects haue private expectation Publicke designes should publish reputation This Gentleman whose Volumne heere is stoard With strange discoverie of GODS strangest Creatures Giues vs full view how he hath Sayl'd and Oar'd And Marcht full many myles whose rough defeatures Hath beene as bold as puissant vp to binde Their barbarous strength 's to follow him dog-linde But wit nor valour now adayes payes scores For estimation all goes now by wealth Or friends tush â— thrust the beggar out of dores That is not Purse-lyn'd those which liue by stealth Shall haue their haunts no matter what 's the guest In many places monies well come best But those who well discerne esteeme not so Nor I of thee braue Smith that hast beat out Thy Iron thus though I but little know To what t' hast seene yet I in this am stout My thoughts maps to my minde some accidents That makes mee see thy greater presidents Io Done To my worthy friend Captaine Iohn Smith How great a part of knowledge had wee lost Both of Virginia and the Summer Isles Had not thy carefull diligence and cost Inform'd vs thus with thy industrious stile Like Caesar now thou writ'st what thou hast done These acts this Booke will liue while ther 's a Sunne Edw Worseley To his much respected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith ENvie avant For Smith whose Anvill was Experience Could take his heat knew how and when to Strike Wrought well this Peece till After-negligence Mistaking temper Cold or Scorch'd or like Vnskilfull workmen that can never Fyle Nor Pollish it that takes in Forge such toyle Heere Noble Smith thou shewest the Temper true Which other Tampring Tempres never knew Ro Norton To his loving friend Captaine Iohn Smith WHere actions speake the praises of a man There Pennes that vse to flatter silent be Or if they speake it is to scorne or scanne For such with vertue seldome doe agree When I looke backe on all thy labours past Thy travels perils losses oft â—ustaind By Sea and Land and which is worst and last Neglect or small reward so dearely gaind I doe admire thy still vndanted spirit vnwearied yet to worke thy Countries good This be thy praise then due vnto thy merit For it th' hast venter'd life and lost thy blood 1.
2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Truth travayle and Neglect pure painefull most vnkinde 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Doth proue consume dismay the soule the corps the minde Edw Ingham To my deare friend by true Vertue ennobled Captaine Iohn Smith MOre then enough I cannot thee commend Whos 's both abilities and Loue doe tend So to advance the good of that Estate By English charge and Planters propagate Through heapes of painfull hazards in the first Of which that Colony thy Care hath nurst And often that effected but with ten That after thee and now three hundred men Haue faild in 'mong the Salvages who shake At bruit of Thee as Spaine at Name of Drake Which well appeares considering the while Thou governedst nor force of theirs ne guile Lessend a man of thine but since I rue In Brittish blood they deeply did imbrue Their Heathen hands And truth to say we see Our selues wee lost vntimely leaving Thee Nor yet perceiue I any got betweene Thee and thy merit which hath better beene In prayse or profit much if counted iust Free from the Weales abuse or wronged trust Some few particulars perhaps haue sped But wherein hath the publicke prospered Or is there more of those Vast Countries knowne Then by thy Labours and Relations showne First best And shall wee loue Thee now the lesse Farre be â—t fit condignely to expresse Thankes by new Charge or recompence by whom Such past good hath such future good may come David Wiffin Noble Captaine Smith my worthy Friend NOt like the Age wherein thou liu'st to lie Buried in basenesse sloth or Ribaldrie For most doe thus hast thou thy selfe applide But in faire Actions Merits height descride Which like foure Theaters to set thee forth The worlds foure Quarters testifie thy worth The last whereof America best showes Thy paines and prayse and what to thee shee owes Although thy Sommer shone on th' Elder Three In as great Deeds as great varietie For opening to Her Selfe Her Selfe in Two Of Her large Members Now Ours to our view Thereby endearing vs to thy desart That doubly dost them to our hands impart There by thy Worke Heere by thy Workes By each Maist thou Fames lasting Wreath for guerdon reach And so become in after Times t' ensue A President for others So to doe William Grent To his worthily affected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith AMongst so many that by learned skill Haue given iust prayse to thee and to thy Booke Deare friend receiue this pledge of my good will Whereon if thou with acceptation looke And thinke it worthie ranke amongst the rest Vse thy discretion I haue done my best 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Contents of the generall History divided into six Books The first Booke THE first voyage to the new World by Madock Prince of Wales The next by Haâ—no Prince of Carthage and how it was offred K. Hen. 7. by Chr. Cullumbus that vndertooke it for the Spanyards 1492. How Iohn Cabot was imployed by King Hen. the 7. and found the Continent before Cullumbus Also Sir Martin Frobisher and Sir Humphrey Gilbert ranged towards the North. And how Captaine Amidas was sent to discover the coast of Florida by Sir Water Raleigh and his associates And the Country Wingandacoa was called Virginia by Qâ—cene Elizabeth Page 1 4. Sir Richard Greenvill sent thither with 108. he left for a plantation The discovery of the Rivers Chawonok and Moratoc The trechery of their King who with eight more were slaine and they all returned to England againe the same yeare with Sir Francis Drake pag. 5 9. The Observations of Master Heriot Of their commodities victuall fruâ—ts beasts fishes and foules Their Religion and beliefe of God of the Creation of the world and man the immortalitie of the soule the subtiltie of their Priests the peoples simplicitie and desire of salvation and other Accidents pag. 9 12. Sir Rich Greenvill sent to supply them Not finding them left fiftie Their successe page 13. Master White sent to relieue them found they were all slaine yet left 115. more and departed Returning the second time he could not heare of them his Observations and Accidents pag. 14 16. A discovery by Captaine Gosnoll of Elizabeths Isles his Observations Relations and returne pag. 17.18 The voyage of Captaine Pring to the same Coast. The discovery of Captaine Waymouth his Observations Relations and returne pag. 18 20. A Map of the old Virginia with the figures of the Salvages The second Booke Of Virginia now planted discovered by Captaine SMITH THe Latitude Temperature and Capes a description of Chisapeack Bay and sâ—aven navigable Rivers that fall into it with their severall Inhabitants and diversitie of Language pag. 21 25. Of things growing Naturally as woods fruits gummes berries herbs roots also of beasts birds and fishes how they divide the yeare prepare their ground plant their corne and vse it and other victuall page 25. 29. What commodities may be had by industry The description of the people their numbers constitutions dispositions attyre buildings lodgings and gardens their vsage of children striking of fire making their Bowes and Arrowes kniues swords targets and boats how they spinne make fish-hooks and ginnes and their order of hunting Consultations and order in Warres pag. 29 33. Their musicke entertainment trade Physicke Chirurgery and Charmes Their Religion God burials ordinary and extraordinary Temples Priests Ornaments solemnities Coniurations Altars sacrifices black boyes and resurrection pag. 34 36. The manner of their government their Emperor his attendants watch treasury wiues successors authority tenure of their lands and manner of punishment with some words of their Language Englished pag. 37 40. And a Mappe of the Countrey of Virginia now planted The third Booke Of the Accidents and Proceedings of the English THeir orders of government Accidents in going first landing and governement setled pag. 41.42 The Salvages assault the Fort the ships returne their names were left occasion of sicknes plenty vnexpected the building of Iames Towne the beginning of Trade two proiects to abandon the Country pag. 43 46. Their first attempts vpon the Salvages Captaine Smith taken prisoner their order of Triumph and how he should haue beene executed was preserved saved Iames towne from being surprised how they Contured him Powhataâ— entertained him would haue slaine him how Pocahontas his daughter saved him and sent him to Iames Towne The third plot to abandon the Countrey suppressed pag. 47 49. Their first Supply and Accidents The Salvages opinion of our God Captaine Smith revisits Powhatan Iames Towne burnt A coâ—ceited gold mine A needlesse charge Captaine Newports returne for England pag 50 53. Iames Towne rebuilt with a Church and Store-house The Salvages plot to murther all the English their insolencies suppressed Different opinions among the Councell p. 53. Their names landed in this Supply p. 54. The discovery of the Bay of Chriapeack Their fight and conference with the Kuskarawaoks Ambuscadoes prevented in the river Patawomek A mine like
of Ravens a new Supply with their Accidents and Moores returne pag. 177 180. The rent of the six governours a wonderfull accident of Hilliard not much lesse then a miracle pag. 181.182 The government of Ca. Tuckar Assises the strange adventure of 5 men in a boat plants from the West Indies the endevours of Cap. Powell Assises The Country neer devoured with ratts their strange confusion The divisions of the Isles into Tribes and Tribes into shares by Mr. Norwood the names of the adventurers and their shares p. 182 189. The first Magazin two exployts of desperate fugitiues The returne of Cap. Tuckar Cap Kendall left deputy-governor their Accidents pag. 189-191 The government of Cap. Butler A platforme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano The refortifying the Kings Castle The arrivall of two Dutch Frigots The rebuilding the Mount and a Tombe for Sir George Somers The reformation of their lawes and officers Their Assises A Parliament Their acts their opinion of the Magazin The building three Bridges The generall Assises A strange deliverance of a Spanish wracke A strange Sodomy many Ordnances got from wracks Their estates present p. 191-199 Master Barnard sent to be governour his arrivall death and funerall with the proceedings of Mr. Harrison his successor Cap. Woodhouse their governor pag. 200-201 Certaine Verses of Master Withers and other Gentlemen The sixt Booke A Mappe of New-England How this Country hath bin accounted but a miserable Desert Captain Smiths first voyage what peace and warres he had with the Salvages and within 6. moneths returned with 1500l. worths of commodities got Prince Charles to call it New-England A Table of the old names and the new pag. 203 205. Cap. Hobsons voyage to Capan the Londoners apprehend it The situation notes for ignorant vndertakers The description of the Country Staple Commodities present proofe of the healthfulnesse of the clime Observations of the Hollanders chiefe trade p. 209. Examples of the altitude comparatiuely the reasons why to plant it An example of the gaines every yeare a description of 15. severall Countries in particular Of their Kings rivers harbors Isles mountains landmarks fruits woods birds fishes beasts c. and how as well Gentlemen as mecanicks may be imployed get much wealth with the reasons and causes of the defaylements p. 206 221. Cap. Smiths second voyage his ship neere foundered in the Sea He reimbarketh himselfe incountreth the English Pyrats fought with the French Pyrates is betrayed by 4. French men of warre how he was released his men ran from him with ship and all how he lived with the French men what fights they had what prizes they tooke the French mens ingratitude 13 sayle cast away how he escaped proceeded in France returned for England and punished them ran from him pag. 222 227. The yearely trialls of New-England the benefit of fishing as Mr. Dee and divers report and approoved by the Hollanders Records how it becomes so well apprehended that more then 150. haue gone thither to fish with an estimate of their gaines with many observations and Accidents pag. 228-230 A Plantation in New-England their first landing divers iourneys accidents the description of the harbors bayes lakes and that place they inhabit called New-Plimouth conference with the Salvages and kinde vsage of the King of the Massasoyts a strange policie of Tusquantum pag. 230 234. The Salvages make warres for their friendships the English revenge their friends iniuries Notes and observations They lived two yeares without Supplyes the death of Tusquantum they contriue to murther the English how the English did cure a King sicke to death two most desperate Salvages the courage of Cap. Standish the Salvages sue for peace pag. 235 239. A most remarkable observation of Gods loue 40 sayle fished thâ—re this yeare the religion of the Salvages the government an answer to obiections considerations the charge the order of the Western men p. 140 142. The effects of shipping the Popes order for the East and West Indies How to build a little navy royall contention for New-EnglaÌ„d The necessitie of martiall power p. 243-244 The charge to set forth a ship of a 100. tuns both to make a fishing voyage increase the plantation The facilitie of the fishing lately observed Their present estate at New-Plimouth and order of government It s not his part that is the best Translator To render word for word to every Author HOW ANCIENT AVTHORS REPORT THE NEVV-VVORLD Now called America was discovered and part thereof first Planted by the ENGLISH called VIRGINIA with the Accidents and Proceedings of the same ⧠The first Booke FOR the Stories of Arthur Malgo and Brandon that say a thousand yeares agoe they were in the North of America or the Fryer of Linn that by his blacke Art went to the North pole in the yeare 1360. in that I know them not Let this suffice The Chronicles of Wales report that Madock sonne to Owen Quineth Prince of Wales seeing his two brethren at debate who should inherit prepared certaine Ships with men and munition and left his Country to seeke aduentures by Sea leauing Ireland North he sayled west till he came to a Land vnknowne Returning home and relating what pleasant and fruitfull Countries he had seene without Inhabitants and for what barren ground his brethren and kindred did murther one another he provided a number of Ships and got with him such men and women as were desirous to liue in quietnesse that arriued with him in this new Land in the yeare 1170 Left many of his people there and returned for more But where this place was no History can show The Spanyards say Hanno a Prince of Carthage was the first and the next Christopher Cullumbus a Genoesian whom they sent to discover those vnknowne parts 1492. But we finde by Records Cullumbus offered his seruice in the yeare 1488. to King Henry the seauenth and by accident vndertooke it for the Spanyards In the Interim King Henry gaue a Commission to Iohn Cabot and his three sonnes Sebastian Lewis and Sautius Iohn and Sebastian well provided setting sayle ranged a great part of this vnknowne world in the yeare 1497. For though Cullumbus had found certaine Iles it was 1498. ere he saw the Continent which was a yeare after Cabot Now Americus came a long time after though the whole Continent to this day is called America after his name yet Sebastian Cabot discovered much more then them all for he sayled to about forty degrees Southward of the lyne and to sixty-seauen towards the North for which King Henry the eight Knighted him and made him grand Pilate of England Being very aged King Edward the sixt gaue him a Pention of 166l. 13â— 4d. yearely By his directions Sir Hugh Willowby was sent to finde out the Country of Russia but the next yeare he was found frozen to death in his Ship and all his Company Mr Martin Frobisher was sent in the yeare 1576. by our most gracious Queene
maine and discovered the Townes of Pomeiok Aquascogoc Secctan and the great Lake called Paquipe At Aquascogoc the Indians stole a siluer Cup wherefore we burnt the Towne and spoyled their corne so returned to our fleete at Tocokon Whence we wayed for Hatorask where we rested and Granganimeo King Wingina's brother with Mâ—nteo came abord our Admirall the Admirall went for Weapomeiok Master Iohn Arundell for England Our Generall in his way home tooke a rich loaden ship of 300. tunns with which he ariued at Plimouth the 18. of September 1585. These were left vnder the command of Master Ralph Layne to inhabite the Country but they returned within a yeare Philip Amidas Admirall Master Thomas Heryot Master Acton Master Stafford Master Thomas Luddington Master Maruyn Cap. Vaghan Master Gardiner Master Kendall Master Predeox Master Rogers Master Haruy. Master Snelling Master Antony Russe Master Allen. Master Michaell Pollison Master Thomas Bockner Master Iames mason Master Dauid Salter Master Iames Skinner With diuers others to the number of 108. Touching the most remarkeable things of the Country and our proceeding from the 17 of August 1585. till the 18. of Iune 1586. we made Roanoack our habitation The vtmost of our discouery Southward was Secotan as we esteemed 80. leagues from Roanoacke The passage from thence was thought a broad sound within the maine being without kenning of land yet full of flats and shoulds that our Pinnasse could not passe we had but one boat with 4. ores that would carry but 15. men with their prouisions for 7. dayes so that because the winter approached we left those discoueries till a stronger supply To the Northward our farthest was to a Towne of the Chesapeacks from Roanoack 130. myles The passage is very shallow and dangerous by reason of the breadth of the sound and the little succour for a storme but this teritory being 15. myle from the shoare for pleasantnest of seate for temporature of climate fertility of soyle and comoditie of the Sea besides beares good woods Saxefras Walnuts c. is not to be excelled by any other whatsoeuer There be sundry other Kings they call Weroances as the Mangoacks Trypaniks and opposians which came to visit vs. To the northwest our farthest was Chawonock from Roanoack 130. myles our passage lyeth through a broad sound but all fresh water and the channell Nauigable for a Ship but out of it full of shoules The townes by the way by the water are Passaquenock the womens towne Chepanoe Weapomciok from Muscamunge wee enter the riuer and iurisdiction of Chawonock there it beginneth to straiten and at Chawonock it is as Thames at Lambeth betwixt them as we passed is goodly high land on the left hand and there is a towne called Ohanock where is a great corne field it is subiect to Chawonock which is the greatest Prouince vpon the riuer and the Towne it selfe can put seuen hundred men into the field besides the forces of the reâ—t The King is lame but hath more vnderstanding then all the rest The river of Moratoc is more famous then all the rest and openeth into the sound of Weapometok and where there is but a very small currant in Chawonock it hath so strong a currant from the Southwest as we doubted how to row against it Strange things they report of the head of this riuer and of Moratoc it selfe a principall towne on it is thirtie or fortie dayes Iourney to the head This lame King is called Menatonon When I had him prisoner two dayes he told mee that 3. dâ—yes Iourney in a Canow vp the riuer Chawonock then landing going foure dayes Iourney Northeast there is a King whose Country lyeth on the Sea but his best place of strength is an Iland in a Bay inuironed with deepe water where he taketh that abundance of Pearle that not onely his skins and his nobles but also his beds and houses are garnished therewith This king was at Chawonock two yeares agoe to trade with blacke pearle his worst sort whereof I had a rope but they were naught but that King he sayth hath store of white and had trafficke with white men for whom he reserued them he promised me guides to him but aduised me to goe strong for he was vnwilling strangers should come in his Country for his Country is populous and valiant men If a supply had come in Aprill I resolued to haue sent a small Barke to the Northward to haue found it whilest I with small Boates and 200. men would haue gone to the head of the riuer Chawonock with sufficient guides by land inskonsing my selfe euery two dayes where I would leaue Garrisons for my retreat till I came to this Bay Very neare vnto it is the riuer of Moratoc directly from the West the head of it springeth out of a mayne Rocke which standeth so neare the Sea that in stormes the Sea beats ouer it into this fresh spring that of it selfe at the surse is a violent streame I intended with two Wherries and fortie persons to haue Menatonons sonne for guide to try this presently till I could meete with some of the Moratocks or Mangoaks but hoping of getting more victuall from the Saluages we as narrowly escaped staruing in that Discouery as euer men did For Pemissapan who had changed his name of Wingina vpon the death of his brother Granganameo had giuen both the Chawonests and Mangoaks word of my purpose also he told me the Chawonocks had assembled two or three thousand to assault me at Roanok vrging me daily to goe against them and them against vs a great assembly I found at my comming thether which suddaine approach did so dismay them that we had the better of them this confederacy against vs was procured by Pemissapan himselfe our chiefe friend we trusted he sent word also to the Moratoks and the Mangoaks I came to inuade them that they all fled vp into the high Country so that where I assured my selfe both of succour and prouision I found all abandoned But being thus farre on my iourney 160. myles from home and but victuals for two dayes besides the casualties of crosse winds stormes and the Saluages trechery though we intended no hurt to any I gaue my Company to vnderstand we were onely drawne forth vpon these vaine hopes by the Saluages to bring vs to confusion a Councell we held to goe forward or returne but they all were absolutely resolued but three that whilst there was but one pynt of Corne for a man they would not leaue the search of that riuer for they had two Mastiue Dogs which boyled with Saxefras leaues if the worst fell out vpon them and the pottage they would liue two dayes which would bring them to the sound where they should finde fish-for two dayes more to passe it to Roanock which two dayes they had rather fast then goe backe a foote till they had seene the Mangoaks either as friends
or foes Though I did forsee the danger and misery yet the desire I had to see the Mangoaks was for that there is a prouince called Chaunis Temoatan frequented by them and well knowne to all those Countries where is a mine of Copper they call Wassador they say they take it out of a riuer that falleth swiftly from high rocks in shallow water in great Bowles couered with leather leauing a part open to receiue the mettall which by the change of the colour of the water where the spout falleth they suddainly chop downe and haue the Bowlefull which they cast into the fire it presently melteth and doth yeeld in fiue parts at the first melting two parts mettall for three of Ore The Mangoaks haue such plenty of it they beautifie their houses with great plates thereof this the Salvages report and young Skiko the King of Chawonocks sonne my prisoner that had beene prisoner among the Mangoakâ— but neuer at Chaunis Temoatan for he sayd that was twentie dayes iourney oveâ— and â—rom the Mangoaks Menatonon also confirmed all this and promised me guids to this mettall Country by Land to the Mangoaks is but one dayes iourney but seauen by water which made me so willing to haue met them for some assay of this mettall but when we came there we found no creature onely we might see where had beene their fires After our two dayes iourney and our victuals spent in the euening we heard some call as we thought Manteo who was with me in the boat this made vs glad he made them a friendly answer which they answered with a song we thought for welcome but he told vs they came to fight Presently they did let flie their Arrowes about the boat but did no hurt the other boat scouring the shore we landed but they all were fled and how to finde them wee knew not So the next morning we returned to the mouth of the riuer that cost vs foure dayes rowing vp and here our dogs pottage stood vs in good stead for we had nothing els the next day we fasted being windbound and could not passe the sound but the day following we came to Chippanum where the people were fled but their wires afforded vs fish thus being neare spent the next day God brought vs to Roanocke I conclude a good Mine or the South sea will make this Country quickly inhabited and so for pleasure and profit comparable with any in the world otherwise there will be nothing worth the fetching Provided there be found a better harbour then yet there is which must be Northward if there be any Master Vaughan no lesse hoped of the goodnesse of the Mine then Master Heriot that the riuer Moratocks head either riseth by the Bay of Mexico or very neare the South Sea or some part that openeth neare the same which cannot with that facilitie be done as from the Bay of Pearles by insconsing foure dayes iourney to the Chawonoks Mangoaks and Moratocks c. The conspiracy of Pemissapan the Discouery of it and our returne for England with Sir Francis Drake ENsenore a Saluage father to Pemissapan the best friend we had after the death of Granganimeo when I was in those Discoueries could not prevaile any thing with the King from destroying vs that all this time God had preserued by his good counsell to the King to be friendly vnto vs. Pemissapan thinking as the brute was in this last iourney we were slaine and starued began to blaspheme our God that would suffer it and not defend vs so that old Ensenore had no more credit for vs for he began by all the deuises he could to inuade vs. But in the beginning of this brute when they saw vs all returne the report false and had Manteo and three Saluages more with vs how little we esteemed all the people we met and feared neither hunger killing or any thing and had brought their greatest Kings sonne prisoner with vs to Roanock it a little asswaged all his deuises and brought Ensenore in respect againe that our God was good and wee their friends and our foes should perish for we could doâ— them more hurt being dead then liuing and that being an hundred myles from them shot and strucke them sicke to death and that when we die it is but for a time then we returne againe But that which wrought the most feare among them was the handy-worke of Almightie God For certaine dayes after my returne Menatonon sent messengers to me with Pearle and Okisco King of Weopomcoke to yeeld himselfe seruant to the Queene of England Okisco with twenty-foure of his principall men came to Pemissapan to acknowledge this dutie and subiection and would performe it All which so changed the heart of Pemissapan that vpon the aduise of Ensenore when we were ready to famish they came and made vs wires and planted their fields they intended to abandon we not hauing one corne till the next haruest to sustaine vs This being done our old friend Ensenore dyed the twenty of Aprill then all our enemies wrought with Pemissapan to put in practise his deuises which he easily imbraced though they had planted corne by vs and at Dasamonpeack two leagues from vs. Yet they got Okisco our tributary to get seuen or eight hundred and the Mandoages with the Chisapeans should doe the like to meete as their custome is to solemnize the Funerall of Ensenore Halfe of whom should lye hid to cut off the straglers seeking crabs and prouision the rest come out of the mayne vpon the Signall by fire Twenty of the principall of Pemissapans men had charge in the night to beset my house put fire in the Reeds that couered it which might cause me run out so naked and amazed they might without danger knocke out my braines The same order for Mr Heriots and the rest for all should haue beene fired at an instant In the meane time they should sell vs nothing and in the night spoyle our wires to make nenessitie disperse vs. For if we were but ten together a hundred of them would not meddle with vs. So our famine increased I was forced to send Captaine Stafford to Croatan with twentie to feed himselfe and see if he could espie any sayle passe the coast Mr Predeox with ten to Hatarask vpon the same occasion and other small parties to the Mayne to liue vpon rootes and Oysters Pemissapan sequestring himselfe I should not importune him for victuall and to draw his troupes found not the Chawonests so forward as he expected being a people more faithfull and powerfull and desired our friendships and was offended with him for raising such tales and all his proiects were revealed to me by Skico my prisoner who finding himselfe as well vsed by me as Pemissapan tould me all These troubles caused me send to Pemissapan to put suspition in his head I was to goe presently to Croatan to meete a Fleete came to me though I knew
sicke They noted also we had no women nor cared for any of theirs some therefore thought we were not borne of women and therefore not mortall but that we were men of an old generation many yeares past risen againe from immortalitie Some would Prophesie there were more of our generation yet to come to kill theirs and take their places Those that were to come after vs they imagined to be in the ayre yet invisible and without bodies and that they by our intreaties for loue of vs did make the people die as they did by shooting invisible bullets into them To confirme this their Physicians to excuse their Ignorance in curing the disease would make the simple people beleeue that the strings of bloud they sucked out of the sicke bodies were the strings wherein the invisible bullets were tyed and cast Some thought we shot them our selues from the place where we dwelt and killed the people that had offended vs as we listed how farre distant soever And others said it was the speciall worke of God for our sakes as we had cause in some sort to thinke no lesse whatsoever some doe or may imagine to the contrary especially some Astrologers by the eclipse of the Sunne we saw that yeare before our Voyage and by a Comet which began to appeare but a few dayes before the sicknesse began but to exclude them from being the speciall causes of so speciall an Accident there are farther reasons then I thinke fit to present or alledge These their opinions I haue set downe that you may see there is hope to imbrace the truth and honor obey feare and loue vs by good dealing and government though some of our company towards the latter end before we came away with Sir Francis Drake shewed themselues too furious in slaying some of the people in some Townes vpon causes that on our part might haue bin borne with more mildnesse notwithstanding they iustly had deserued it The best neverthelesse in this as in all actions besides is to be indevoured and hoped and of the worst that may happen notice to be taken with consideration and as much as may be eschewed the better to allure them hereafter to Civilitie and Christianitie Thus you may see How Nature her selfe delights her selfe in sundry Instruments That sundry things be done to decke the earth with Ornaments Nor suffers she her servants all should runne one race But wills the walke of every one frame in a divers pace That divers wayes and divers workes the world might better grace Written by Thomas Heriot one of the Voyage How Sir Richard Grenvill went to relieue them IN the yeare of our Lord 1586. Sir Walter Raleigh and his Associates prepared a ship of a hundred tun fraughted plentifully of all things necessary but before they set sayle from England it was Easter And arriving at Hatoraâ—k they after some time spent in seeking the Collony vp in the Country and not finding them returned with all the provision againe to England About 14. or 15. dayes after Sir Richard Grenvill accompanied with three ships well appoynted arrived there Who not finding the aforesaid ship according to his expectation nor hearing any newes of the Collony there seated and left by him as is said 1585. travailing vp and downe to seeke them but when he could heare no newes of them and found their habitation abandoned vnwilling to lose the possession of the Country after good deliberation he landed fiftie men in the I le of Roanoak plentifully furnished with all manner of provision for two yeares and so returned for England Where many began strangely to discant of those crosse beginnings and him which caused me remember an old saying of Euripides Who broacheth ought that 's new to fooles vntaught Himselfe shall iudged be vnwise and good for naught Three Ships more sent to relieue them by Mr. White WE went the old course by the west Indies and Simon Ferdinando our continuall Pilot mistaking Virginia for Cape Fear we sayled not much to haue beene cast away vpon the conceit of our all-knowing Ferdinando had it not beene prevented by the vigilancy of Captaine Stafford We came to Hatorask the 22. of Iuly and with fortie of our best men intending at Roanoack to find the 50 men left by Sir Richard Grenvill But we found nothing but the bones of a man and where the Plantation had beene the houses vnhurt but overgrowne with weeds and the Fort defaced which much perplexed vs. By the History it seemes Simon Ferdinando did what he could to bring this voyage to confusion but yet they all arrived at Hatorask They repayred the old houses at Roanock and Master George How one of the Councell stragling abroad was slaine by the Salvages Not long after Master Stafford with 20. men went to Croatan with Manteo whose friends dwelled there of whom we thought to haue some newes of our 50 men They at first made shew to fight but when they heard Manteo they threw away their Armes and were friends and desired there might be a token giuen to be knowne by least we might hurt them by misprision as the yeare before one had bin by Master Layne that was ever their friend and there present yet lame The next day we had conference with them concerning the people of Secotan Aquascogoc and Pomeiok willing them of Croatan to see if they would accept our friendship and renew our old acquaintance which they willingly imbraced and promised to bring their King and Governours to Roanoak to confirme it We also vnderstood that Master Howe was slaine by the men of Wingina of Dassamonpeack and by them of Roanoack that the fiftie men left by Sir Richard Grenvill were suddainly set vpon by three hundred of Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack First they intruded themselues among 11 of them by friendship one they slew the rest retyring to their houses they set them on fire that our men with what came next to hand were forced to make their passage among them where one of them was shot in the mouth and presently dyed and a Salvage slaine by him On both sides more were hurt but our men retyring to the water side got their boat ere they had rowed a quarter of a myle towards Hatorask they tooke vp foure of their fellowes gathering Crabs and Oysters at last they landed on a little I le by Hatorask where they remained a while but after departed they knew not whether So taking our leaues of the Croatans we came to our Fleet at Hatorask The Governour having long expected the King and Governours of Pomeiok Secotan Aquascogoc and Dassamonpeack and the 7. dayes expired and no newes of them being also informed by those of Croatan that they of Dassamonpeack slew Master How and were at the driving our men from Raonoack he thought no longer to deferre the revenge Wherefore about midnight with Captaine Stafford and twentie-foure men whereof Manteo was one for our guide
carpet of the earth and withall shall marke how the heauens heare the earth and the earth the Corne and Oile and they relieue the necessities of man that man will acknowledge Gods infinite Prouidence But hee that shall further obserue how God inclineth all casuall euents to worke the necessary helpe of his Saints must needs adore the Lords infinite goodnesse neuer had any people more iust cause to cast themselues at the very foot-â—toole of God and to reuerence his mercie than this distressed Colonie for if God had not sent Sir Thomas Gates from the Bermudas within foure daies they had almost beene famished if God had not directed the heart of that noble Knight to saue the Fort from fiering at their shipping for many were very importunate to haue burnt it they had beene destitute of a present harbour and succour if they had abandoned the Fort any longer time and had not so soone returned questionlesse the Indians would haue destroied the Fort which had beene the meanes of our safeties amongst them and a terror If they had set saile sooner and had lanched into the vast Ocean who would haue promised they should haue incountered the Fleet of the Lord la Ware especially when they made for New found land as they intended a course contrarie to our Nauie approaching If the Lord la Ware had not brought with him a yeeres prouision what comfort would those poore soules haue receiued to haue beene relanded to a second distruction This was the arme of the Lord of Hosts who would haue his people passe the red Sea and Wildernesse and then to possesse the land of Canaan It was diuinely spâ—ken of Heathen Socrates If God for man be carefull why should man bee ouer-distrustfull for he hath so tempered the contrary qualities of the Elements That neither cold things want heat nor moist things dry Nor sad things spirits to quicken them thereby Yet make they musicall content of contrarietie Which conquer'd knits them in such links together They doe produce euen all this whatsoeuer The Lord Gouernour after mature deliberation deliuered some few words to the Companie laying iust blame vpon them for their haughtie vanities and sluggish idlenesse earnestly intreating them to amend those desperate follies lest hee should be compelled to draw the sword of Iustice and to cut off such delinquents which he had rather draw to the shedding of his vitall bloud to protect them from iniuries heartning them with relation of that store hee had brought with him constituting officers of all conditions to rule ouer them allotting euery man his particular place to watch vigilantly and worke painfully This Oration and direction being receiued with a generall applause you might shortly behold the idle and restie diseases of a diuided multitude by the vnitie and authoritie of this gouernment to be substantially cured Those that knew not the way to goodnesse before but cherished singularitie and faction can now chalke out the path of all respectiue dutie and seruice euery man endeuoureth to outstrip other in diligence the French preparing to plant the Vines the English labouring in the Woods and grounds euery man knoweth his charge and dischargeth the same with alacritie Neither let any man be discouraged by the relation of their daily labour as though the sap of their bodies should bee spent for other mens profit the setled times of working to effect all themselues or as the Aduenturers need desire required no more paines than from six of the clocke in the morning vntill ten and from two in the afternoone till foure at both which times they are prouided of spirituall and corporall reliefe First they enter into the Church and make their praiers vnto God next they returne to their houses and receiue their proportion of food Nor should it bee conceiued that this businesse excludeth Gentlemen whose breeding neuer knew what a daies labour meant for though they cannot digge vse the Spade nor practice the Axe yet may the staied spirits of any condition finde how to imploy the force of knowledge the exercise of counsell the operation and power of their best breeding and qualities The houses which are built are as warme and defensiue against wind and weather as if they were tiled and slated being couered aboue with strong boards and some matted round with Indian mats Our forces are now such as are able to tame the furie and trecherie of the Saluages Our Forts assure the Inhabitants and frustrate all assaylants And to leaue no discouragement in the heart of any who personally shall enter into this great action I will communicate a double comfort first Sir George Sommers that worthy Admirall hath vndertaken a dangerous aduenture for the good of the Colonie Vpon the 15. of Iune accompanied with Captaine Samuel Argall hee returned in two Pinaces vnto the Bermudas promising if by any meanes God will open a way to that Iland of Rocks that he would soone returne with six moneths prouision of flesh with much crosse weather at last hee there safely arriued but Captaine Argall was forced backe againe to Iames towne whom the Lord De la Ware not long after sent to the Riuer of Patawomeke to trade for Corne where finding an English boy one Henry Spilman a young Gentleman well descended by those people preserued from the furie of Powhatan by his acquaintance had such good vsage of those kinde Saluages that they fraughted his ship with Corne wherewith he returned to Iames towne The other comfort is that the Lord la Ware hath built two new Forts the one called Fort Henry the other Fort Charles in honour of our most noble Prince and his hopefull brother vpon a pleasant plaine and neare a little Riuilet they call Southampton Riuer they stand in a wholsome aire hauing plentie of Springs of sweet water they command a great circuit of ground containing Wood Pasture and Marsh with apt places for Vines Corne and Gardens in which Forts it is resolued that all those that come out of England shall be at their first landing quartered that the wearisomnesse of the Sea may bee refreshed in this pleasing part of the Countrie and Sir Thomas Gates hee sent for England But to correct some iniuries of the Paspahegs he sent Captaine Pearcie Master Stacy and fiftie or threescore shot where the Saluages flying they burnt their houses tooke the Queene and her children prisoners whom not long after they slew The fertilitie of the soile the temperature of the climate the forme of gouernment the condition of our people their daily inuocating of the Name of God being thus expressed why should the successe by the rules of mortall iudgement bee disparaged why should not the rich haruest of our hopes be seasonably expected I dare say that the resolution of Caesar in France the designes of Alexander the discoueries of Hernando Cortes in the West and of Emanuel King of Portugal in the East were not encouraged vpon so firme grounds of state and
possibilitie But his Lordship being at the fales the Saluages assaulted his troopes and slew three or foure of his men Not long after his Honour growing very sicke he returned for England the 28. of March in the ship were about fiue and fiftie men but ere we arriued at Fyall fortie of vs were neare sicke to death of the Scuruie Callenture and other diseases the Gouernour being an English-man kindly vsed vs but small reliefe we could get but Oranges of which we had plenty whereby within eight daies wee recouered and all were well and strong by that they came into England Written by William Box. The Counsell of Virginia finding the smalnesse of that returne which they hoped should haue defrayed the charge of a new supply entred into a deep consultation whether it were fit to enter into a new Contribution or in time to send for them home and giue ouer the action and therefore they adiured Sir Thomas Gates to deale plainly with them who with a solemne and a sacred oath replyed That all things before reported were true and that all men know that wee stand at the deuotion of politicke Princes and States who for their proper vtilitie deuise all courses to grind our Merchants and by all pretences to confiscate their goods and to draw from vs all manner of gaine by their inquisitiue inuentions when in Virginia a few yeeres labour by planting and husbandry will furnish all our deâ—â—cts with honour and securitie Out of a Declaration published by the Counsell 1610. The gouernment left againe to Captaine George Piercie and the returne of the Lord la Ware with his Relation to the Councell MY Lords now by accident returned from my charge at Virginia contrary either to my owne desire or other mens expectations who spare not to censure me in point of dutie and to discourse and question the reason though they apprehend not the true cause of my returne I am forced out of a willingnesse to satisfie euery man to deliuer vnto your Lordships and the rest of this assemblie in what state I haue liued euer since my arriuall to the Colonie what hath beene the iust cause of my sudden departure and on what tearmes I haue left the same the rather because I perceiue that since my comming into England such a coldnesse and irresolution is bred in many of the Aduenturers that some of them seeke to withdraw their payments by which the action must be supported making this my returne colour of their needlesse backwardnesse and vniust protraction which that you may the better vnderstand I was welcomed to Iames towne by a violent ague being cured of it within threâ— weekes after I began to be distempered with other grieuous sicknesses which successiuely and seuerally assailed me for besides a relapse into the former disease which with much more violence held me more than a moneth and brought me to greater weaknesse the flux surprised mee and kept me many daies then the crampe assaulted my weake body with strong paines and after the gout all those drew me to that weaknesse being vnable to stirre brought vpon me the scuruie which though in others it be a sicknesse of slothfulnesse yet was it in mean effect of weaknesse which neuer left me till I was ready to leaue the world In these extremities I resolued to consult with my friends who finding nature spent in me and my body almost consumed my paines likewise daily increasing gaue me aduice to preferre a hopefull recouerie before an assured ruine which must necessarily haue ensued had I liued but twentie daies longer in Virginia wanting at that instant both food and Physicke fit to remedie such extraordinary diseases wherefore I shipped my selfe with Doctor Bohun and Captaine Argall for Meuis in the West Indies but being crossed with Southerly winds I was forced to shape my course for the Westerne Iles where I found helpe for my health and my sicknesse asswaged by the meanes of fresh dyet especially Oranges and Limons and vndoubted remedie for that disease then I intended to haue returned backe againe to Virginia but I was aduised not to hazard my selfe before I had perfectly recouered my strength so I came for England in which accident I doubt not but men of iudgement will imagine there would more preiudice haue happened by my death there than I hope can doe by my returne For the Colony I left it to the charge of Captaine George Piercie a Gentleman of honour and resolution vntill the comming of Sir Thomas Dale whose Commission was likewise to bee determined vpon the arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates according to the order your Lordships appointed the number I left were about two hundred the most in health and prouided of at least ten moneths victuall and the Countrie people tractable and friendly What other defects they had I found by Sir Thomas Gates at the Cowes his Fleet was sufficiently furnished with supplies but when it shall please God that Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates shall arriue in Virginia with the extraordinarie supply of 100. Kine and 200. Swine besides store of other prouision for the maintenance of the Colonie there will appeare that successe in the action as shall giue no man cause of distrust that hath already aduentured but incourage euery good minde to further so good a worke as will redound both to the glory of God to the credit of our nation and the comfort of all those that haue beene instruments in the furthering of it Out of the Lord la Wares discourse published by Authoritie 1611. The gouernment surrendred to Sir Thomas Dale who arriued in Virginia the tenth of May 1611. out of Master Hamors Booke BEfore the Lord la Ware arriued in England the Councell and Companie had dispatched away Sir Thomas Dale with three ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued well the tenth of May 1611. where he found them growing againe to their former estate of penurie being so improuident as not to put Corne in the ground for their bread but trusted to the store then furnished but with three moneths prouision his first care therefore was to imploy all hands about setting of Corne at the two Forts at Kecoughtan Henry and Charles whereby the season then not fully past though about the end of May wee had an indifferent crop of good Corne. This businesse taken order for and the care and trust of it committed to his vnder-Officers to Iames towne he hastened where most of the companie were â—t their daily and vsuall works bowling in the streets these hee imployed about necessarie workes as felling of Timber repayring their houses ready to fall on their heads and prouiding pales posts and railes to impale his purposed new towne which by reason of his ignorance being but newly arriued hee had not resolued where to seat therefore to better his knowledge with one hundred men he spent some time in viewing the
Riuer of Nausamund in despight of the Indians then our enemies then our owne Riuer to the Fales where vpon a high land inuironed with the maine Riuer some twelue miles from the Fales by Arsahattock he resolued to plant his new towne It was no small trouble to reduce his people so timely to good order being of so ill a condition as may well witnesse his seueritie and strict imprinted booke of Articles then needfull with all extremitie to be executed now much mitigated so as if his Lawes had not beene so strictly executed I see not how the vtter subuersion of the Colonie should haue beene preuented witnesse Webbes and Prices designe the first yeere since that of Abbots and others more dangerous than the former Here I entreat your patience for an Apologie though not a pardon This Ieffrey Abbots how euer this Author censures him and the Gouernour executes him I know he had long serued both in Ireland and Netherlands here hee was a Sargeant of my Companie and I neuer saw in Virginia a more sufficient Souldier lesse turbulent a better wit more hardy or industrious nor any more forward to cut off them that sought to abandon the Countrie or wrong the Colonie how ingratefully those deserts might bee rewarded enuied or neglected or his farre inferiors preferred to ouer-top him I know not but such occasions might moue a Saint much more a man to an vnaduised passionate impatience but how euer it seemes he hath beene punished for his offences that was neuer rewarded for his deserts And euen this Summer Cole and Kitchins plot with three more bending their course to Ocanahowan fiue daies iourney from vs where they report are Spaniards inhabiting These were cut off by the Saluages hired by vs to hunt them home to receiue their deserts So as Sir Thomas Dale hath not beene so tyrannous nor seuere by the halfe as there was occasion and iust cause for it and though the manner was not vsuall wee were rather to haue regard to those whom we would haue terrified and made fearefull to commit the like offences than to the offenders iustly condemned for amongst them so hardned in euill the feare of a cruell painfull and vnusuall death more restraines them than death it selfe Thus much I haue proceeded of his endeuours vntill the comming of Sir Thomas Gates in preparing himselfe to proceed as he intended Now in England againe to second this noble Knight the Counsell and Companie with all possible expedition prepared for Sir Thomas Gates six tall ships with three hundred men and one hundred Kine and other Cattell with munition and all other manner of prouision that could be thought needfull and about the first or second of August 1611. arriued safely at Iames towne The gouernment returned againe to Sir Thomas Gates 1611. THese worthy Knights being met after their welcoming salutations Sir Thomas Dale acquainted him what he had done and what he intended which designe Sir Thomas Gates well approuing furnished him with three hundred and fiftie men such as himselfe made choice of In the beginning of September 1611. hee set faile and arriued where hee intended to build his new towne within ten or twelue daies he had inuironed it with a pale and in honour of our noble Prince Henry called it Henrico The next worke he did was building at each corner of the Towne a high commanding Watch-house a Church and Store-houses which finished hee began to 〈…〉 conuenient houses for himselfe and men which with all possible speed hee could he effected to the great content of his companie and all the Colonie This towne is situated vpon a necke of a plaine rising land three parts inuironed with the maine Riuer the necke of land well impaled makes it like an I le it hath three streets of well framâ—d houses a handsome Church and the foundation of a better laid to bee built of Bricke besides Store-houses Watch-houses and such like Vpon the verge of the Riuer there are fiue houses wherein liue the honester sort of people as Farmers in England and they keepe continuall centinell for the townes securitie About two miles from the towne into the Maine is another palâ— neere two miles in length from Riuer to Riuer guarded with seuerall Commanders with a good quantitie of Corne-ground impailed sufficiently secured to maintaine more than I suppose will come this three yeeres On the other side of the Riuer for the securitie of the towne is intended to be impaled for the securitie of our Hogs about two miles and a halfe by the name of Hope in Faith and Coxendale secured by fiue of our manner of Forts which are but Palisadoes called Charitie Fort Mount Malado a guest house for sicke people a high â—eat and wholsome aire Elisabeth Fort and Fort Patience And here hath Master Whitaker chosen his Parsonage impaled a faire framed Parsonage and one hundred acres called Rocke hall but these are not halfe finished About Christmas following in this same yeere 1611. in regard of the iniurie done vs by them of Apamatuck Sir Thomas Dale without the losse of any except some few Saluages tooke it and their Corne being but fiue miles by land from Henrico and considering how commodious it might be for vs resolued to possesse and plant it and at the instant called it the new Bermudas whereunto hee hath laid out and annexed to the belonging freedome and corporation for euer many miles of Champian and Woodland ground in seuerall hundreds as the vpper and nether hundreds Rochdale hundred West Sherly hundred and Digs his hundred In the nether hundred he first began to plant for there is the most Corne-ground and with a pale of two miles cut ouer from Riuer to Riuer whereby we haue secured eight English miles in compasse vpon which circuit within halfe a mile of each other are many faire houses already built besides particular mens houses neere to the number of fiftie Rochdale by a crosse pale welnigh foure miles long is also planted with houses along the pale in which hundred our Hogs and Câ—ttell haue twentie miles circuit to graze in securely The building of the Citie is referred till our haruest be in which he intends to make a retreat against any forraigne enemie About fiftie miles from these is Iames towne vpon a fertill peninsula which although fomerly scandaled for an vnhealthful aire wee finde it as healthfull as any other part of the Countrie it hath two rowes of houses of framed timber and some of them two stories and a garret higher three large Store-houses ioined together in length and hee hath newly strongly impaled the towne This I le and much ground about it is much in habited To Kecoughtan we accounted it fortie miles where they liue well with halfe that allowance the rest haue from the store because of the extraordinarie quantitie of Fish Fowle and Deere as you may reade at large in the Discoueries of Captaine Smith And thus I haue truly
honest Gentleman and of good behauiour had beene in loue with Pocahontas and she with him which thing at that instant I made knowne to Sir Thomas Dale by a letter from him wherein hee intreated his aduice and she acquainted her brother with it which resolution Sir Thomas Dale well approued the brute of this mariage came soone to the knowledge of Powhatan a thing acceptable to him as appeared by his sudden consent for within ten daies he sent Opachisco an old Vncle of hers and two of his sons to see the manner of the mariage and to doe in that behalfe what they were requested for the confirmation thereof as his deputie which was accordingly done about the first of Aprill And euer since wee haue had friendly trade and commerce as well with Powhatan himselfe as all his subiects Besides this by the meanes of Powhatan we became in league with our next neighbours the Chicahamanias a lustie and a daring people free of themselues These people so soone as they heard of our peace with Powhatan sent two messengers with presents to Sir Thomas Dale and offered him their seruice excusing all former iniuries hereafter they would euer be King Iames his subiects and relinquish the name of Chickahamania to be called Tassautessus as they call vs and Sir Thomas Dale there Gouernour as the Kings Deputie onely they desired to be gouerned by their owne Lawes which is eight of their Elders as his substitutes This offer he kindly accepted and appointed the day hee would come to visit them Whâ—n the appointed day came Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall with fiftie men well appointed went to Chickahamania where wee found the people expecting our comming they vsed vs kindly and the next morning sate in counsell to conclude their peace vpon these conditions First they should for euer bee called Englishmen and bee true subiects to King Iames and his Deputies Secondly neither to kill nor detaine any of our men nor cattell but bring them home Thirdly to bee alwâ—ies ready to furnish vs with three hundred men against the Spaniards or any Fourthly they shall not enter â—ur townes but send word they are new Englishmen Fiftly that euery fighting man at the beginning of haruest shall bring to our store two bushels of Corne for tribute for which they shall recâ—iue so many Hatchets Lastly the eight chiefe men should see all this performed or receiue the punishment themselues for their diligence they should haue a red coat a copper chaine and King Iames his picture and be accounted his Noblemen All this they concluded with a generall assent and a great shout to confirme it then one of the old men began an Oration bending his speech first to the old men then to the young and then to the women and children to make them vnderstand how strictly they were to obserue these conditions and we would defend them from the furie of Powhatan or any enemie whatsoeuer and furnish them with Copper Beads and Hatchets but all this was rather for feare Powhatan and we being so linked together would bring them againe to his subiection the which to preuent they did rather chuse to be protected by vs than tormented by him whom they held a Tyrant And thus wee returned againe to Iames towne When our people were fed out of the common store and laboured iointly together glad was he could slip from his labour or slumber ouer his taske he cared not how nay the most honest among them would hardly take so much true paines in a weeke as now for themselues they will doe in a day neither cared they for the increase presuming that howsoeuer the haruest prospered the generall store must maintaine them so that wee reaped not so much Corne from the labours of thirtie as now three or foure doe prouide for themselues To preuent which Sir Thomas Dale hath allotted euery man three Acres of cleare ground in the nature of Farmes except the Bermudas who are exempted but for one moneths seruice in the yeere which must neither bee in feed-time nor haruest for which doing no other dutie they pay yeerely to the store but two barrels and a halfe of Corne from all those Farmers whereof the first was William Spence an honest valiant and an industrious man and hath continued from 1607. to this present from those is expected such a contribution to the store as wee shall neither want for our selues nor to entertaine our supplies for the rest they are to worke eleuen moneths for the store and hath one moneth onely allowed them to get prouision to keepe them for twelue except two bushels of Corne they haue out of the store if those can liue so why should any feare staruing and it were much better to denie them passage that would not ere they come bee content to ingage themselues to those conditions for onely from the slothfull and idle drones and none else hath sprung the manifold imputations Virginia innocenâ—ly hath vndergone and therefore I would deter such from comming here that cannot well brooke labour except they will vndergoe much punishment and penurie if they escape the skuruie but for the industrious there is reward sufficient and if any thinke there is nothing but bread I referre you to his relations that discouered the Countrie first The gouernment left to Sir Thomas Dale vpon Sir Thomas Gates returne for England SIr Thomas Dale vnderstanding there was a plantation of Frenchmen in the north part of Virginia about the degrees of 45. sent Captaine Argall to Port Royall and Sancta Crux where finding the Frenchmen abroad dispersed in the Woods surprized their Ship and Pinnace which was but newly come from France wherein was much good apparel and other prouision which he brought to Iames towne but the men escaped and liued among the Saluages of those Countries It pleased Sir Thomas Dale before my returne to England because I would be able to speake somewhat of my owne knowledge to giue mee leaue to visit Powhatan and his Court being prouided I had Thomas Saluage with mee for my Interpreter with him and two Saluages for guides I went from the Bermuda in the morning and came to Matchâ—t the next night where the King lay vpon the Riuer of Pamavuke his entertainment was strange to me the boy he knew well and told him My child I gaue you leaue being my boy to goe see your friends and these foure yeeres I haue not seene you nor heard of my owne man Namoutack I sent to England though many ships since haue beene returned thence Hauing done with him hee began with mee and demanded for the chaine of pearle he sent his brother Sir Thomas Dale at his first arriuall which was a token betwixt them when euer hee should send a messenger from himselfe to him he should weare that chaine about his necke since the peace was concluded otherwaies he was to binde him and send him home It
ought to perseuere if otherwise yet their honour ingageth them to be constanâ— howsoeuer they stand affected here is enough to content them These are the things haue animated me to stay a little season from them I am bound in conscience to returne vnto leauing all contenting pleasures and mundall delights to reside here with much turmoile which I will rather doe than see Gods glory diminished my King and Countâ—y dishonoured and these poore soules I haue in charge reuiued which would quickly happen if I should leaue them so few I haue with me fit to command or manage the businesse Master Whitaker their Preacher complaineth and much museth that so few of our English Ministers that were so hot against the surplice and subscription come hether where neither is spoken of Doe they not wilfully hide their talents or keepe themselues at home for feare of losing a few pleasures be there not any among them of Moses his minde and of the Apostles that forsooke all to follow Christ but I refer them to the Iudge of all hearts and to the King that shall reward euery one according to his talent From Virginia Iune 18. 1614. The businesse being brought to this perfection Captaine Argaâ—l returned for England in the latter end of Iune 1614. ariuing in England and bringing this good tidings to the Councell and company by the assistances of Sir Thomas Gates thâ—t also had returned from Virginia but the March before it was presently concluded that to supply this good successe with all expedition the standing Lottery should be drawne with all diligent conueniency and that posterity may remember vpon occasion to vse the like according to the declaration I thinke it not amisse to remember thus much The Contents of the declaration of the Lottery published by the Counsell IT is apparent to the world by how many former Proclamations we manifested our intents to haue drawn out the great standing Lottery long before this which not falling out as we desired and others expected whose monies are aduentured therâ—in we thought good therefore for the auoiding all vniust and sinister constructions to resolue the doubts of all indifferent minded in three speciall points for their better satisfaction But ere I goe any farther let vs remember there was a running Lottery vsed a long time in Saint Pauls Church-yard where this stood that brought into the Treasury good summes of mony dayly though the Lot was but small Now for the points the first is for as much as the Aduenturers came in so slackly for the yeere past without preiudice to the generality in losing the blankes and prises we were forced to petition to the honourable Lords who out of their noble care to further this Plantation haue recommended their Letters to the Countries Cities and good townes in England which we hope by sending in their voluntary Aduenturers will sufficiently supply vs. The second for satisfaction to all honest well affected minds is that though this expectation answer not our hopes yet wee haue not failed in our Christian care the good of that Colony to whom we haue lately sent two sundry supplies and were they but now supplied with more hands wee should soone resolue the diuision of the Country by Lot and so lessen the generall charge The third is our constant resolution that seeing our credits are so farre ingaged to the honourable Lords and the whole State for the drawing this great Lottery which we intend shall be without delay the 26. of Iune next desiring all such as haue vndertaken with bookes to solicit their friends that they will not with-hold their monies till the last moneth be expired lest we be vnwillingly forced to proportion a lesse value and number of our Blankes and Prises which hereafter followeth Welcomes TO him that first shall be drawne out with a blanke 100 Crownes To the second 50 Crownes To the third 25 Crownes To him that euery day during the drawing of this Lottery shall bee first drawne out with a blanke 10 Crownes Prizes 1 Great Prize of 4500 Crownes 2 Great Prizes each of 2000 Crownes 4 Great Prizes each of 1000 Crownes 6 Great Prizes each of 500 Crownes 10 Prizes each of 300 Crownes 20 Prizes each of 200 Crownes 100 Prizes each of 100 Crownes 200 Prizes each of 50 Crownes 400 Prizes each of 20 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 10 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 8 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 6 Crownes 4000 Prizes each of 4 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 3 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 2 Crownes Rewards TO him that shall be last drawne out with a blanke 25 Crownes To him that putteth in the greatest Lot vnder one name 400 Crownes To him that putteth in the second greatest number 300 Crownes To him that putteth in the third greatest number 200 Crownes To him that putteth in the fourth greatest number 100 Crownes If diuers be of equall number their rewards are to be diuided proportionally Addition of new Rewards THe blanke that shall bee drawne out next before the great Prize shall haue 25 Crownes The blanke that shall be drawne out next after the said great Prize 25 Crownes The blancks that shall be drawne out immediatly before the two next great Prizes shall haue each of them 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the foure great Prizes each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the six great Prizes each shall haue 10 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 10 Crownes The prizes welcomes and rewards shall be payed in ready Mony Plate or other goods reasonably rated if any dislike of the plate or goods he shall haue mony abating only the tenth part except in small prizes of ten Crownes or vnder The mony for the Aduenturers is to be paied to Sir Thomas Smith Knight and Treasurer for Virginia or such Officâ—rs as he shall appoint in City or Country vnder the common seale of the company for the receâ—t thereof All prizes welcomes and rewards drawne where euer they dwell shall of the Treasurer haue present pay and whosoeuer vnder one name or poâ—sie payeth three pound in ready money shall receiue six shillings and eight pence or a siluer spoone of that value at his choice About this time it chanced a Spanish ship beat too and againe before point Comfort and at last sent a shore their boat as desirous of a Pilot. Captaine Iames Dauis the gouernor immediatly gaue them one but he was no sooner in the boat but away they went with him leauing three of their companions behind them this sudden accident occasioned some distrust and a strict examination of those three thus left yet with as good vsage as our estate could afford them They only confessed hauing lost their Admirall accident had forced them into those parts and two of them were Captaines and in chiâ—fe authority
in the fleet thus they liued till one of them was found to be an Englishman and had been the Spaniards Pilot for England in 88. and hauing here induced some male-contents to beleeue his proiects to run away with a small barke which was apprehended some executed and he expecting but the Hangmans curtesie directly confessed that two or three Spanish ships was at Sea purposely to discouer the estate of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that of any thing more he was vtterly ignorant One of the Spaniards at last dyed the othâ—r was sent for England but this reprieued till Sir Thomas Dale hanged him at Sea in his voyage homeward the Eâ—glish Pilot they carried for Spaine whom after a long time imprisonment with much â—â—te was returned for England Whilst those things were effecting Sir Thomas Dalâ— hauing setled to his thinking all things in good order made choice of one Master George Yearly to be Depuâ—y-Gouernour in his absence and so returned for England accompanied with Poâ—ahontas the Kings Daughter and Master Râ—lfe her husband and arriued at Plimmoth the 12. of Iune 1616. The gouernment left to Captaine Yearly NOw a little to commentary vpon all these proceedings let me leaue but this as a caueat by the way if the alteration of gouernment hath subuerted great Empires how dangerous is it then in the infancy of a common-weale The multiplicity of Gouernors is a great damage to any State but vncertaine daily changes are burdensome because their entertainments are chargeable and many will make hay whilst the sunne doth shine how euer it shall fare with the generality This deare bought Land with so much bloud and cost hath onely made some few rich and all the rest losers But it was intended at the first the first vndertakers should be first preferred and rewarded and the first aduenturers satisfied and they of all the rest are the most neglected and those that neuer aduentured a groat neuer see the Country nor euer did any seruice for it imploied in their places adorned with their deferrs and inriched with their ruines and when they aâ—e led fat then in commeth others so leane as they were who through their omnipotency doe as much Thus what one Officer doth another vndoth only ayming at their owne ends thinking all the world derides his dignity cannot 〈◊〉 is Coffeâ—s being in authority with any thing Euery man hath his minde free but he can neuer be a true member to that estate that to enrich himselfe beggers all the Countrie Which bad course there are many yet in this noble plantation whose true honour and worth as much scornes it as the others loues it for the Nobilitie and Gentrie there is scarce any of them expects any thing buâ— the prosperitie of the action and there are some Merchants and others I am confidently perswaded doe take more care and paines nay and at their continualâ— great charge than they could be hired to for the loue of money so honestly regarding the generall good of this great worke they would hold it worse than sacrilege to wrong it but a shilling or extort vpon the common souldier a penny But to the purpose and to follow the Historie Mr. George Yearly now inuested Deputie Gouernour by Sr. Thomas Dale applied himselfe for the most part in planting Tobacco as the most present commoditie they could deuise for a present gaine so that euery man betooke himselfe to the best place he could for the purpose now though Sir Thomas Dale had caused such an abundance of corne to be planted that euery man had sufficient yet the supplies were sent vs came so vnfurnished as quickly eased vs of our superfluitie To relieue their necessities he sent to the Chickahamanias for the tribute Corne Sir Thomâ—s Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned for with them But such a bad answer they returned him that hee drew together one hundred of his best shot with whom he went to Chickâ—hamania the people in some places vsed him indifferently but in most places with much scorne and contempt telling him he was but Sir Thomas Dâ—les man and they had payed his Master according to condition but to giue any to him they had no such order neither would they obey him as they had done his Master after he had told them his authoritie and that he had the same power to enforce them that Dale had they dared him to come on shore to fight presuming more of his not daring than their owne valours Yearly seeing their insolencies made no great difficultie to goe on shore at Ozinies and they as little to incounter him but marching from thence towards Mamanahunt they put themselues in the same order they see vs lead by their Captaine Kissanacomen Gouernour of Ozinies so marched close along by vs each as threatning other who should first begin But that night we quartered against Mamanahunt and they passed the Riuer The next day we followed them there are few places in Virginia had then more plaine ground together nor more plentie of Corne which although it was but newly gathered yet they had hid it in the woods where we could not finde it a good time we spent thus in arguing the cause the Saluages without feare standing in troupes amongst vs seeming as if their countenances had beene sufficient to dant vs what other practises they had I know not but to preuent the worst our Captaine caused vs all to make ready and vpon the word to let flie among them where he appointed others also he commanded to seize on them they could for prisoners all which being done according to our direction the Captaine gaue the word and wee presently discharged where twelue lay some dead the rest for life sprawling on the ground twelue more we â—â—oke prisoners two whereof were brothers two of their eight Elders the one tooke by Sergeant Boothe the other by Robert a Polonian Neere one hundred bushels of Corne we had for their ransomes which was promised the Souldiers for a reward but it was not performed now Opechankanough had agreed with our Captaine for the subiecting of those people that neither hee nor Powhatan could euer bring to their obedience and that he should make no peace with them without his aduice in our returne by Ozinies with our prisoners wee met Opechankanough who with much adoe fained with what paines hee had pâ—ocured their peace the which to requite they called him the King of Ozinâ—s and brought him from all parts many presents of Beads Copper and such trash as they had here as at many other times wee were beholding to Captaine Henry Spilman our Interpreter a Gentleman had liued long time in this Countrie and sometimes a prisoner among the Saluages and done much good seruice though but badly rewarded From hence we marcht towards Iames towne we had three Boats loaded with Corne and other luggage the one
vs with their Ordnances and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies and manned the ship with the rest and were so well incouraged wee waifed them amaine The Admirall stood aloofe off and the other would not come within Falcon shot where she lay battering vs till shee receiued another paiment from a Demiculuering which made her beare with the shore for smooth water to mend her leakes The next morning they both came vp againe with vs as if they had determined to deuour vs at once but it seemed it was but a brauado though they forsooke not our quarter for a time within Musket shot yet all the night onely they kept vs company but made not a shot During which time we had leasure to prouide vs better than before but God bethanked they made onely but a shew of another aâ—sault ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne and the other lay shaking in the wind and so they both left vs. The fight continued six houres and was the more vnwelcome because we were so ill prouided and had no intent to sight nor giue occasion to disturbe them As for the losse of men if Religion had not taught vs what by the prouidence of God is brought to passe yet daily experience might informe vs of the dangers of wars and perils at sea by stormes tempests shipwracks encounters with Pirats meeting with enemies crosse winds long voâ—ages vnknowne shores barbarous Nations and an hundred inconueniences of which humane pollicies are not capable nor mens coniectures apprehensiue We lost Doctor Bohun a worthy valianâ— Gentleman a long time brought vp amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in Netherlands and this his second iourney to Virginia and seuen slaine out right two died shortly of their wounds sixteâ—nâ— was shot whose limbs God be thanked was recouered without maime and now setled in Virginia how many they lost we know not but we saw a great many lie on the decks and their skuppers runne with bloud they were abouâ— three hundred tunnes a peece each sixteene or twentie Brasse peeces Captaine Chester who in this fight had behaued himselfe like a most vigilant resolute and a couragious souldier as also our honest and valiant master did still so comfort and incourage vs by all the meanes they could at last to all our great contents we arriued in Virginia and from thence returned safely to England The Names of the Aduenturers for Virginia Alphabetically set downe according to a printed Booke set out by the Treasurer and Councell in this present yeere 1620. A SIr William Aliffe Sir Roger Aston Sir Anthony Ashley Sir Iohn Akland Sir Anthonie Aucher Sir Robert Askwith Doctor Francis Anthony Charles Anthony Edward Allen. Edmund Allen Esquire Iohn Allen. Thomas Allen. William Atkinson Esquire Richard Ashcroft Nicholas Andrews Iohn Andrews the elder Iohn Andrews the youngeâ— Iames Ascough Giles Allington Morris Abbot Ambrose Asten Iames Askew Anthony Abdey Iohn Arundell Esquire B Edward Earle of Bedford Iames Lord Bishop of Bathe and Wells Sir Francis Barrington Sir Morice Barkley Sir Iohn Benet Sir Thomas Beamont Sir Amias Bamfield Sir Iohn Bourcher Sir Edmund Bowyer Sir Thomas Bludder Sir George Bolles Sir Iohn Bingley Sir Thomas Button Sir Henry Beddingfield Companie of Barbers-Surgeons Companie of Bakers Richard Banister Iohn Bancks Miles Bancks Thomas Barber William Bonham Iames Bryerley William Barners Anthony Barners Esquire William Brewster Richard Brooke Hugh Brooker Esquire Ambrose Brewsey Iohn Brooke Matthew Bromridge Christopher Brooke Esquire Martin Bond. Gabriel Beadle Iohn Beadle Dauid Borne Edward Barnes Iohn Badger Edmund Branduell Robert Bowyer Esquire Bobert Bateman Thomas Britton Nicholas Benson Edward Bishop Peter Burgoney Thomas Burgoney Robert Burgoney Christopher Baron Peter Benson Iohn Baker Iohn Bustoridge Francis Burlâ—y William Browne Robert Barker Samuel Burnham Edward Barkley William Bennet Captaine Edward Brewster Thomas Brocket Iohn Bullock George Bache Thomas Bayly William Barkley George Butler Timothie Bathurst George Burton Thomas Bret. Captaine Iohn Brough Thomas Baker Iohn Blunt Thomas Bayly Richard and Edward Blunt Mineon Burrell Richard Blackmore William Bâ—ck Beniamin Brand. Iohn Busbridge William Burrell William Barret Francis Baldwin Edward Bâ—rber Humphrey Basse. Robert Bell. Matthew Bromrick Iohn Beaumont George Barkley Peter Bartle Thomas Bretton Iohn Blount Arthur Bromfeld Esquire William Bâ—rbloke Charles Beck C George Lord Archbishop of Canterburie William Lord Cranborne now Earle of Salisburie William Lord Compton now Earle of North-hampton William Lord Cauendish now Earle of Deuonshire Richard Earle of Clanricard Sir William Cauendish now Lord Cauendish Gray Lord Chandos Sir Henry Cary. Sir George Caluert Sir Lionell Cranfield Sir Edward Cecill Sir Robert Cotten Sir Oliuer Cromwell Sir Anthony Cope Sir Walter Cope Sir Edward Carr. Sir Thomas Conisbie Sir George Cary. Sir Edward Conwey Sir Walter Chute Sir Edward Culpeper Sir Henry Cary Captaine Sir William Crauen Sir Walter Couert Sir George Coppin Sir George Chute Sir Thomas Couentry Sir Iohn Cutts Lady Cary. Company of Cloth-workers Citie of Chichester Robert Chamberlaine Richard Chamberlaine Francis Couill William Coyse Esquire Abraham Chamberlaine Thomas Carpenter Anthony Crew Richard Cox William Crosley Iames Chatfeild Richard Caswell Iohn Cornelis Randall Carter Executâ—rs of Randall Carter William Canning Edward Carue Esquire Thomas Cannon Esquire Richard Champion Rawley Crashaw Henry Collins Henry Cromwell Iohn Cooper Richard Cooper Ioâ—n Casson Thomas Colthâ—rst Allâ—n Cotten Edward Cage Abraham Carthwright Robert Coppin Thomas Conock Ioâ—n Clapham Thomas Church William Carpenter Laurence Campe. Iames Cambell Christopher Clâ—theroe Matthew Cooper Georgâ— Chamber Captaine Iohn Cooke Câ—ptaine Thomas Conwey Esquire Edward Culpeper Esquire Master William Crashaw Abraham Colmâ—r Iohn Culpeper Edmund Colbey Richard Cooper Robert Creswell Iohn Cage Esquire Matthew Caue William Crowe Abraham Carpenter Iohn Crowe Thomas Cordell Richard Connock Esquire William Compton William Chester Thâ—mas Couel Richard Carmarden Esquire William and Paul Canning Hâ—nry Cromwell Esquire Simon Codrington Clement Chichley Iames Cullemore William Cantrell D Richard Earle of Dorset Edward Lord Dâ—nny Sir Iohn Digbie now Lord Digbie Sir Iohn Doderidge Sir Drew Drewry the elder Sir Thomas Dennis Sir Robert Drewry Sir Iohn Dauers Sir Dudley Digs Sir Marmaduke Dorrel Sir Thomas Dale Sir Thomas Denton Companie of Drapers Thomas Bond Esquire Dauid Bent Esquire Comanie of Dyers Towne of Douer Master Richard Deaâ—e Alderman Henry Dawkes Edward Dichfield William Dunne Iohn Dauis Matthew Dâ—quâ—stâ—r Philip Durdent Abraham Dawes Iohn Dike Thomas Draper Lancelot Dauis Rowley Dawsey William Dobson Esquire Anthony Dyot Esquire Auery Dranfield Roger Dye Iohn Downes Iohn Drake Iohn Delbridge Beniamin Decroâ— Thomas Dyke Ieffery Duppa Daniel Darnelly Sara Draper Clement and Henry Dawkneâ— E Thomas Earle of Exeter Sir Thomas Euerfield Sir Francis Egiock Sir Robert Edolph Iohn Eldred Esquire William Euans Richard Euans Hugh Euans Raph Ewens Esquire Iohn Elkin Robert Euelin Nicholas Exton Iohn Exton George Etheridge F Sir Moyle Finch Sir Henry Fanshaw
Onawmanient each of which twelue men would keepe as well as twelue thousand and spare all the rest to bee imploied as there should be occasion And all this with these numbers might easily haue beene done if not by courtesie yet by compulsion especially at that time of September when all their fruits were ripe their beasts fat and infinite numbers of wilde Fowle began to repaire to euery creeke that men if they would doe any thing could not want victuall This done there remained yet one hundred who should haue done the like at Ozinicke vpon the Riuer of Chickahamania not past six miles from the chiefe habitations of Opechankanough These small Forts had beene cause sufficient to cause all the Inhabitants of each of those Riuers to looke to themselues Then hauing so many Ships Barks and Boats in Virginia as there was at that present with what facility might you haue landed two hundred and twentie men if you had but onely fiue or six Boats in one night forty to range the branch of Mattapanyent fortie more that of Youghtanund and fortie more to keepe their randiuous at Pamavuke it selfe All which places lie so neere they might heare from eâ—ch other within foure or fiue houres and not any of those small parties if there were any valour discretion or industry in them but as sufficient as foure thousand to force them all to contribution or take or spoile all they had For hauing thus so many conuenient randeuous to beleeue each other though all the whole Countries had beene our enemies where could they rest but in the depth of Winter we might burne all the houses vpon all those Riuers in two or three daies Then without fires they could not liue which they could not so hide but wee should finde and quickly so tire them with watching and warding they would be so weary of their liues as either fly all their Countries or giue all they had to be released of such an hourely misery Now if but a small number of the Saluages would assist vs as there is no question but diuers of them would And so suppose they could not be drawne to such faction were to beleeue they are more vertuous then many Christians and the best gouerned people in the world All the Pamavukes might haue beene dispatched as well in a moneth as a yeare and then to haue dealt with any other enemies at our pleasure and yet made all this toile and danger but a recreation If you think this strange or impossible 12 men with my selfe I found sufficient to goe where I would adaies and surprise a house with the people if not a whole towne in a night or incounter all the power they could make as a whole Army as formerly at large hath beene related And it seemes by these small parties last amongst them by Captaine Crashow Hamar and Madyson they are not growne to that excellency in policy and courage but they might bee encountred and their wiues and children apprehended I know I shall bee taxed for writing so much of my selfe but I care not much because the iudiciall know there are few such Souldiers as are my examples haue writ their owne actions nor know I who will or can tell my intents better then my selfe Some againe finde as much fault with the Company for medling with so many Plantations together because they that haue many Irons in the fire some must burne but I thinke no if they haue men enow know how to worke them but howsoeuer it were better some burne then haue none at all The King of Spaine regards but how many powerfull Kingdomes he keepes vnder his obedience and for the Saluage Countries he hath subiected they are more then enow for a good Cosmographer to nominate and is three Mole-hills so much to vs and so many Empires so little for him For my owne part I cannot chuse but grieue that the actions of an Englishman should be inferior to any and that the command of England should not be as great as any Monarchy that euer was since the world began I meane not as a Tyrant to torment all Christendome but to suppresse her disturbers and conquer her enemies For the great Romans got into their hand The whole worlds compasse both by Sea and Land Or any seas or heauen or earth extended And yet that Nation could not be contented Much about this time arriued a small Barke of Barnestable which had beene at the Summer Iles and in her Captaine Nathaniel Butler who hauing beene Gouernor there three yeares and his Commission expired he tooke the opportunity of this ship to see Virginia at Iames Towne he was kindly entertained by Sir Francis Wyat the Gouernor After he had rested there foureteene daies he fell vp with his ship to the Riuer of Chickahamania where meeting Captaine William Powell ioyning together such forces as they had to the number of eighty they set vpon the Chickahamanians that fearefully fled suffering the English to spoile all they had not daring to resist them Thus he returned to Iames towne where hee staied a moneth at Kecoughtan as much more and so returned for England But riding at Kecoughtan M. Iohn Argent sonne to Doctor Argent a young Gentleman that went with Captaine Butler from England to this place Michael Fuller William Gany Cornelius May and one other going ashore with some goods late in a faire euening such a sudden gust did arise that driue them thwart the Riuer in that place at least three or foure miles in bredth where the sâ—ore was so shallow at a low water and the Boat beating vpon the Sands they left her wading neere halfe a mile and oft vp to the chin So well it hapned Master Argent had put his Bandileir of powder in his hat which next God was all their preseruations for it being February and the ground so cold their bodies became so benumbed they were not able to strike fire with a steele and a stone hee had in his pocket the stone they lost twice and thus those poore soules groping in the darke it was Master Argents chance to finde it and with a few withered leaues reeds and brush make a small fire being vpon the Chisapeaks shore their mortall enemies great was their feare to be discouered The ioyfull morning appearing they found their Boat and goods driue ashore not farie from them but so split shee was vnseruiceable but so much was the frost their clothes did freeze vpon their backs for they durst not make any great fire to dry them lest thereby the bloudy Saluages might discry them so that one of them died the next day and the next night digging a graue in the Sands with their hands buried him In this bodily feare they liued and fasted two daies and nights then two of them went into the Land to seeke fresh water the others to the Boat to get some meale and oyle Argent and his Comrado found a Canow in which they resolued
swallowed their death Surely it is impossible any should now be vrged to doe his best and although they knew it that place all men did so shun yet they spread all the faile they could to attaine them for not long it was before they strucke vpon a rocke till a surge of the sea cast her from thence and so from one to another till most luckily at last so vpright betwixt two as if she had beene in the stocks till this they expected but euery blow a death But now behold suddenly the wind giues place to a calme and the billowes which each by ouertaking her would in an instant haue shiuered her in peeces become peaceable and still so that with all conueniency and ease they vnshipped all their goods victuall and persons into their Boats and with extreme ioy euen almost to amazednesse arriued in safetie though more then a league from the shore without the losse of a man yet were they in all one hundred and fiftie yet their deliuerance was not more strange in falling so happily vpon the land as their feeding and preseruation was beyond their hopes for you haue heard it hath beene to the Spaniards more fearefull then an Vtopian Purgatory and to all Sea-men no lesse terrible then an inchanted den of Furies and Deuils the most dangerous vnfortunate and forlorne place in the world and they found it the richest healthfullest and pleasantest they euer saw as is formerly said Being thus safe on shore they disposed themselues to search the Iles for food and water others to get a shore what they could from the ship not long Sir George wandred but found such a fishing that in halfe an houre with a hooke and line he tooke so many as sufficed the whole company in some places they were so thicke in the Coues and so great they durst not goe in left they should bite them and these rocke fish are so great two will load a man and fatter nor better fish cannot be Mr. Shelly found a Bay neere a quarter of a mile ouer so full of Mullets as none of them before had euer seene or heard of the like the next day seeking to kill them with fis-gigs they stracke so many the water in many places was red with bloud yet caught not one but with a net they caught so many as they could draw a shore with infinite number of Pilchards and diuers other sorts great craw-fishes in a night by making a fire they haue taken in great quantity Sir George had twice his hooke and line broke out of his hand but the third time he made it so strong he caught the same fish which had pulled him into the Sea had not his men got hold of him whereby he had his three hookes againe were found in her belly At their first hunting for hogs they found such abundance they killed 32 and this hunting fishing was appointed to Captaine Robert Walsingham and Mr. Henry Shelly for the company in general they report they killed at least 500. besides Pigs and many that were killed by diuers others for the birds in their seasons the facility to make their cabens of Palmera leaues caused many of them vtterly forget or desire euer to returne from thence they liued in such plenty peace and ease But let vs remember how the Knights began to resolue in those desperat affaires many proiects they had but at last it was concluded to decke their long boat with their ship hatches which done with all expedition they sent Master Rauen a very sufficient Mariner with eight more in her to Virginia to haue shipping from thence to fetch them away three weekes or a moneth they expected her returne but to this day she was neuer more heard of all this time was spent in searching the Iles now although God still fed them with this abundance of plenty yet such was the malice of enuy or ambition for all this good seruice done by Sommers such a great difference fell amongst their Commanders that they liued asunder in this distresse rather as meere strangers then distressed friends but necessity so commanded patience had the victory Two ships at this time by those seuerall parties were a building in the meane time two children were borne the Boy was called Bermudas the Girle Bermuda and amongst all those sorrowes they had a merry English mariage the forme of those Iles you may see at large in the Map of Mr. Norwood where you may plainly see no place knowne hath better walls nor a broader ditch But hauing finished and rigged their two new Cedar ships with such prouisions they saued from the Sea-aduenturer they left amongst the Rocks they called the one the Patience the other the Deliuerance they vsed Lime and Oile as May did for Pitch and Tar. Sir George Summers had in his Barke no Iron at all but one bolt in her Keele now hauing made their prouisions of victuall and all things ready they set saile the tenth of May 1610. onely leauing two men behinde them called Christopher Carter and Edward Waters that for their offences or the suspition they had of their iudgements fled into the woods and there rather desired to end their daies then stand to their trials and the euent of Iustice for one of their consorts was shot to death and Waters being tied to a tree also to be executed had by chance a Knife about him and so secretly cut the Rope he ran into the woods where they could not finde him There were two Saluages also sent from Virginia by Captain Smith the one called Namuntack the other Matchumps but some such differences fell betweene them that Matchumps slew Namuntack and hauing made a hole to bury him because it was too short he cut of his legs and laid them by him which murder he concealed till he was in Virginia The foure and twentieth of the same moneth they arriued in Virginia at Iames towne where they found but threescore persons as you may reade at large in the History of Virginia of the fiue hundred left by Captaine Smith also of the arriuall of the Lord Laware that met them thus bound for England returned them backe and vnderstanding what plenty there was of hogs and other good things in the Bermudas was desirous to send thither to supply his necessary occasions whereupon Sir George Summers the best acquainted with the place whose noble minde euer regarded a generall good more then his owne ends though aboue threescore yeeres of age and had meanes in England sutable to his ranke offered himselfe by Gods helpe to performe this dangerous voyage againe for the Bermudas which was kindly accepted so vpon the 19. of Iune he imbarked in his Cedar ship about the burthen of thirty tunnes and so set saile Much foule and crosse weather he had and was forced to the North parts of Virginia where refreshing himselfe vpon this vnknowne coast he could not bee diuerted from the search
discharged This feare thus past appeares another much worse which was the extremity of famine in this extemity God sent Captaine Daniel Elfrid with a caruell of meale which a little relieued them but brought withall so many Rats that within two yeeres after neere ruined all now though Elfrid had deceiued his friend Fisher of this Caruell in the West Indies they reuenged Fishers iniury for Elfrid had his passage for England and they made vse of all he had Some two moneths after came in the Blessing with an hundred Passengers and two daies after the Starre with a hundred and foure score more amongst which were many Gentlemen as Master Lower for Marshall Master Barret Master Felgate and diuers others but very vnproper for what they vndertooke Within foureteene daies after came in the Margaret and two Frygats and in them one hundred and threescore Passengers also Master Bartlet came now expresly to diuide the Country into Tribes and the Tribes into shares But Master More finding no mention made of any part for himselfe nor all them with him as he was promised in England by no meanes would admit of any diuision nor suffer his men from finishing their fortifications which was so necessary it was his maine ambition to see that accomplished but such vnkindnesse grew betwixt this Master Bartlet and the Gouernour that the rude multitude with all the disdaine they could deuise caused Bartlet returne for England as he came About this time William Millington was drawne into the Sea by a fish but neuer after euer seene The neglect of this diuision was very hardly conceited in England so that Master More grew more and more in dislike with the company notwithstanding he followed the building of these Forts so earnestly neglecting planting of Corne till their store was neere all consumed whereby they became so feeble and weake some would not others could not goe abroad to seeke releefe but statued in their houses and many that went abroad through weaknesse were subiect to be suddenly surprized with a disease called the Feauges which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing them of power and ability from the execution of any bodily exercises whether it were working walking or what else being thus taken if any presently gaue them food many times they straight recouered yet some after a little rest would bee able to walke but if they found not present succour died About this time or immediatly before came in a company of Rauens which continued amongst them all the time of this mortality and then departed which for any thing knowne neither before nor since were euer seene or heard of this with diuers other reasons caused Master More to goe out to Sea to see if he could discouer any other Ilands but he went not farre ere ill weather forced him backe and it were a noble aduenture of him would vndertake to make more perfect all the dangers are about the Summer Iles. Thus famine and misery caused Gouernour More leaue all his workes and send them abroad to get what they could one hundred and fifty of the most weake and sicke he sent to Coupers I le where were such infinite numbers of the Birds called Cahowes which were so fearelesse they might take so many as they would and that admired abundance of fish that the extremity of their hunger and their gluttony was such those heauenly blessings they so consumed and wasted by carelesâ—â—sse and surfetting many of them died vpon those silly Birds that offered themselues to the slaughter which the Gouernour vnderstanding caused them for change of aire to be remoued to Port-royall and a Company of Fishers with a Boat to releeue them with fish but the Gange grew so lazie the poore weaklings still died they that remained killed the Cattle they found in the I le faining the heat caused them to runne into the Sea and so were drowned so that the Gouernour sent againe for them home but some obtained leaue still to liue abroad one amongst the rest hid himselfe in the Woods and liued onely on Wilkes and land Crabs sat and lusty many moneths but most of them being at Saint Georges ordinarily was taken one hundred and fifty or two hundred great fishes daily for their food for want of hookes and lines the Smith made hookes of old swords and lines of old ropes but finding all those poore Engines also decay they sent one of the two Frigats last left with them for England to tell them of this misery All which was now attributed to Master Mores peruersnesse who at first when he got the Amber-Greece had not such a generall applause but now all the worst could possibly be suggested was too good for him yet not knowing for the present how to send a better they let him continue still though his time was neere expired and with all speed sent the Welcome fraught with prouision where shee well arriued and proued her selfe as welcome in deed as in name for all those extremities Master Lewes Hues writeth not one of all those threescore that first beganne this Plantation was dead which shewes it was not impossible but industry might haue preuented a great part of the others sluggish carelesnesse This ship much refreshed this miserable Colony but Master More seeing they sent not for him his time being now expired vnderstanding how badly they reputed him in England and that his imploiment now was more for their owne ends then any good for himselfe resolued directly to returne with this ship Hauing setled all things in the best order he could left the gouernment to the charge of the counsell of six to succeed each other monethly till they had further directions from England whose names were Captaine Miles Kendall Captaine Iohn Mansfield Thomas Knight Charles Caldycot Edward Waters and Christopher Carter with twelue others for their assistances More thus taking leaue of those Ilands arriued in England much wrangling they had but at last they confirmed him according to promise eight shares of Land and so he was dismissed of his charge with shew of fauour and much friendship The rule of the six Gouernors THE first thing they did was casting of lots who should rule first which lot lighted vpon Master Caldicot This last supply somewhat abated the extremitie of their miseries and the better in that their fortifications being finished they had the more leasure to goe abroad with that meanes was brought to that purpose to fish Chard as you haue heard whom all this while More had kept Prisoner they set at libertie now by reason of their former miseries little or nothing could be done yet this Gouernor hauing thus concluded his moneth and prepared a Frigot and two and thirtie men hee imbarked himselfe with two other of his fellow counsellers namely Knight and Waters for the West-Indies to get Fruits and Plants Goats young Cattle and such like But this poore vessell whether
through ill weather or want of Mariners or both in stead of the Indies fell with the Canaries where taking a poore Portugall the which they manned with ten of their owne people as soone after separated from her in a storme the next day was taken by a French Pickaroune so that the Frigot out of hope of her prize makes a second time for the West-Indies where she no sooner arriued but foundred in the sea but the men in their Boat recouered a desolate ile where after some few moneths stay an English Pyrat tooke them in and some of them at last got for England and some few yeares after returned to the Somer Iles. Captaine Iohn Mansfield his moneth THE Frigot thus gone Captaine Mansfield succeeded Then was contriued a petition as from the generalitie vnto the triumuirat Gouernors wherein they supplicated that by no meanes they should resigne the gouernment to any should come from England vpon what tearmes soeuer vntill six moneths after the returne of their ship sent to the West-Indies about this vnwarrantable action Mâ—ster Lewes Hues their Preacher was so violent in suppressing it that such discontents grew betwixt the Gouernors and him and diuisions among the Company he was arraigned condemned and imprisoned but not long detained before released Then the matter fell so hotly againe to be disputed betwixt him and one Master Keath a Scotch-man that professed schollership that made all the people in a great combustion much adoe there was till at last as they sate in the Church and ready to proceed to a iudiciary course against Master Hues suddenly such an extreme gust of wind and weather so ruffled in the trees and Church some cried out A miracle others it was but an accident common in those Iles but the noise was so terrible it dissolued the assembly notwithstanding Master Hues was againe imprisoned and as suddenly discharged but those factions were so confused and their relations so variable that such vnnecessary circumstances were better omitted then any more disputed This mans moneth thus ended begins Master Carter which was altogether spent in quietnesse and then Captaine Miles Kendall had the rule whose moneth was also as quietly spent as his Predecessors Then Captaine Mansfield begins his second moneth when the ship called the Edwin arriued with good supplies About this time diuers Boats going to sea were lost and some men drowned and many of the Company repaired to Master Hues that there might bee a Councell according to Master Mores order of six Gouernours and twelue Assistants whereupon grew as many more such silly brawles as before which at last concluded with as simple a reconciliation In the interim happened to a certaine number of priuate persons as miserable and lamentable an accident as euer was read or heard of and thus it was In the month of March a time most subiect of all others to such tempests on a Friday there went seuen men in a boat of two or three runnes to fish The morning being faire so eager they were of their iourney some went fasting neither carried they either meat or drinke with them but a few Palmeta berries but being at their fishing place some foure leagues from the shoare such a tempest arose they were quickly driuen from the sight of land in an ouergrowne Sea despairing of all hope onely committing themselues to Gods mercy set the boat driue which way shee would On Sunday the storme being somewhat abated they hoysed saile as they thought towards the Island In the euening it grew starke calme to that being too weake to vse their oares they lay a drift that night The next morning Andrew Hilliard for now all his companions were past strength either to helpe him or themselues before a small gale of wind spred his saile againe On Tuesday one died whom they threw ouer board On Wednesday three And on Thursday at night the sixt All these but the last were buried by Hilliard in the Sea for so weake hee was growne hee could not turne him ouer as the rest whereupon hee stripped him ripping his belly with his knife throwing his bowels into the water hee spread his body abroad tilted open with a sticke and so lets it lie as a cisterne to receiue some lucky raine-water and this God sent hâ—m presently after so that in one small shoure hee recouered about foure spoonefuls of raine water to his vnspeakeable refreshment he also preserued neere halfe a pint of blood in a shooe which he did sparingly drinke of to moist his mouth two seuerall dates he fed on his flesh to the quantity of a pound on the eleuenth day from his losing the sight of land two flying fishes fals in his boat whose warme iucie blood hee sucked to his great comfort But within an houre after to his greater comfort you will not doubt he once againe descried the land and within foure houres after was cast vpon a rocke neere to Port royall where his boat was presently split in pieces but himselfe though exreamly weake made shift to clamber vp so steepe and high a rocke as would haue troubled the ablest man in the I le to haue done that by day hee did by night Being thus astride on a rocke the tumbling Sea had gotten such possâ—ssion in his braines that a good while it was before his giddy head would suffer him to venture vpon the forsaking it towards the morning he craules a shore and then to his accomplished ioy descernes where hee is and trauels halfe a day without any refreshment then water whereof wisely and temperately he stinted himselfe otherwise certainely hee had drunke his last In which case hee attaines a friends house where at the first they tooke him for a ghost but at last acknowledged and receiued him with ioy his story after some houres of recouery of strength to tell it heard out with admiration he was not long after conueyed to the towne where he receiued his former health and was liuing in the yeere 1622. The next newes that happened in this time of ease was that a merry fellow hauing found some few Dollars against the Flemish wracke the bruit went currant the treasure was found and they all made men Much adoe there was to preuent the purloining of it before they had it vvhere after they had tyred themselues vvith searching that they found amounted not to aboue twenty pounds starling vvhich is not vnlike but to be the remainder of some greater store washed from some wracke not farre from the shore The company by the Edwin receiuing newes of the reuels vvere kept in Sommer Iles resolued to make choice of a new Gouernour called Master Daniel Tuckar that a long time had bin a planter in Virginia in the gouernment of Captaine Smith All things being furnished for his voyage hee set saile in the George consorted vvith the Edwin with many passengers which being discouered by them in those Iles they supposed them the Frigot sent to
that they offered me that imploiment if I would accept it and I finde still my refusall incurred some of their displeasures whose loue and fauour I exceedingly desired and though they doe censure me opposite to their proceedings they shall yet still in all my words and deeds finde it is their error not my fault that occasions their dislike for hauing ingaged my selfe in this businesse to the West Countrey I had beene very dishonest to haue broke my promise nor will I spend more time in discouery or fishing till I may goe with a Company for a Plantation for I know my grounds yet euery one to whom I tell them or that reads this Booke cannot put it in practise though it may helpe any that hath seene or not seene to know much of those parts And though they endeuour to worke me out of my owne designes I will not much enuy their fortunes but I would be sorry their intruding ignorance should by their defailments bring those certainties to doubtfulnesse So that the businesse prosper I haue my desire be it by whomsoeuer that are true subiects to our King and Countrey the good of my Countrey is that I seeke and there is more then enough for all if they could be contented New England is that part of America in the Ocean Sea opposite to Noua Albion in the South Sea discouered by the most memorable Sir Francis Drake in his Voyage about the world in regard whereof this is stiled New England being in the same latitude New France of it is Northwards Southwards is Virginia and all the adioyning continent with new Granado new Spaine new Andolosia and the West-Indies Now because I haue beene so oft asked such strange questions of the goodnesse and greatnesse of those spatious Tracts of Land how they can be thus long vnknowne or not possessed by the Spaniards and many such like demands I intreat your pardons if I chance to be too plaine or tedious in relating my knowledge for plaine mens satisfaction Florida is the next adioyning to the Indies which vnprosperously was attempted to be planted by the French a Countrey farre bigger then England Scotland France and Ireland yet little knowne to any Christian but by the wonderfull endeuours of Ferdinando de Soto a valiant Spaniard whose writings in this age is the best guide knowne to search those parts Virginia is no Ile as many doe imagine but part of the Continent adioyning to Florida whose bounds may be stretched to the magnitude thereof without offence to any Christian Inhabitant for from the degrees of thirtie to forty eight his Maiesty hath now enlarged his Letters Patents The Coast extending Southwest and North-east about sixteene or seuenteene hundred miles but to follow it aboord the shore may well be three thousand miles at the least of which twentie miles is the most giues entrance into the Bay of Chisapeacke where is the London Plantation within which is a Countrey as you may perceiue by the Map of that little I discouered may well suffice three hundred thousand people to inhabit but of it and the discoueries of Sir Ralph Laine and Master Heriot Captaine Gosnold and Captaine Waymouth they haue writ so largely that posteritie may be bettered by the fruits of their labours But for diuers others that haue ranged those parts since especially this Countrey now called New England within a kenning sometimes of the shore some touching in one place some in another I must intreat them pardon me for omitting them or if I offend in saying that their true descriptions were concealed or neuer were well obserued or died with the Authors so that the Coast is yet still but euen as a Coast vnknowne and vndiscouered I haue had six or seuen seuerall plots of those Northerne parts so vnlike each to other or resemblance of the Country as they did me no more good then so much waste paper though they cost me more it may bee it was not my chance to see the best but lest others may be deceiued as I was or through dangerous ignorance hazard themselues as I did I haue drawne a Map from point to point I le to I le and Harbour to Harbour with the Soundings Sands Rocks and Land-markes as I passed close aboord the shore in a little Boat although there bee many things to bee obserued which the haste of other affaires did cause me to omit for being sent more to get present Commodities then knowledge of any discoueries for any future good I had not power to search as I would yet it will serue to direct any shall goe that waies to safe Harbours and the Saluages habitations what Merchandize and Commodities for their labours they may finde this following discourse shall plainly demonstrate Thus you may see of these three thousand miles more then halfe is yet vnknowne to any purpose no not so much as the borders of the Sea are yet certainly discouered as for the goodnesse and true substance of the Land we are for most part yet altogether ignorant of them vnlesse it be those parts about the Bay of Chisapeack and Sagadahock but onely here and there where we haue touched or seene a little the edges of those large Dominions which doe stretch themselues into the maine God doth know how many thousand miles whereof we can yet no more iudge then a stranger that saileth betwixt England and France can describe the harbours and dangers by landing here or there in some Riuer or Bay tell thereby the goodnesse and substance of Spaine Italy Germany Bohemia Hungaria and the rest nay there are many haue liued fortie yeeres in London and yet haue scarce beene ten miles out of the Citie so are there many haue beene in Virginia many yeeres and in New England many times that doe know little more then the place they doe inhabit or the Port where they fished and when they come home they will vndertake they know all Virginia and New England as if they were but two Parishes or little Ilands By this you may perceiue how much they erre that thinke euery one that hath beene in Virginia or New England vnderstandeth or knoweth what either of them are Or that the Spaniards know one halfe quarter of those large Territories they possesse no not so much as the true circumference of Terra incognita whose large Dominions may equalize the goodnesse and greatnesse of America for any thing yet knowne It is strange with what small power he doth range in the East-Indies and few will vnderstand the truth of his strength in America where hauing so much to keepe with such a pampered force they need not greatly feare his fury in Sommer Iles Virginia or New England beyond whose bounds America doth stretch many thousand miles Into the frozen parts whereof one Master Hutson an English Mariner did make the greatest discouerie of any Christian I know where hee vnfortunately was left by his cowardly Company for his exceeding deserts
matter yet must I sigh and say How oft hath Fortune in the world thinke I brought slauery freedome and turned all diuersly Newfoundland I haue heard at the first was held as desperate a fishing as this I proiect for New England Placentia and the Banke nere also as doubtfull to the French But for all the disasters hapned me the businesse is the same it was and the fiue ships went from London whereof one was reported more then three hundred tunnes found fish so much that neither Izeland man nor Newfoundland man I could heare of hath bin there will go any more to either place if they may go thither So that vpon the good returne of my Vice-Admirall this yeere are gone 4 or 5 sailes and from London as many only to make voyages of profit where from Plimoth as if all the English had bin there till my returne put all their returnes together they would scarce make one a sauour of neere a dozen I could nominate except one sent by Sir Francis Popam though there be fish sufficient as I am perswaded to fraugh yerely foure or fiue hundred Saile or as many as will goe For this fishing stretcheth along the Sea Coast from Cape Iames to Newfoundland which is seuen or eight hundred miles at the least and hath his course in the deepes and by the shore all the yere long keeping their hants and feedings as the beasts of the field and the birds of the aire But all men are not such as they should be that haue vndertaken those voyages All the Romans were not Scipiocs nor Carthagenians Hanibals nor all the Genwâ—ses Columbusses nor all the Spaniards Courteses had they diued no deeper in the secrets of their discoueries then we or stopped at such doubts and poore accidentall chances they had neuer beene remembred as they are yet had they no such certainties to begin as we But to conclude Adam and Eue did first begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity but not without labour trouble and industry Noe and his family began againe the second Plantation and their seed as it still increased hath still planted new Countries and one Countrey another and so the world to that estate it is but not without much hazard trauell mortalities discontents and many disasters Had those worthy Fathers and their memorable off-spring not beene more diligent for vs now in these ages then we are to plant that yet are vnplanted for the after liuers Had the seed of Abraham our Sauiour Christ and his Apostles exposed themselues to no more dangers to teach the Gospell then we euen wee our selues had at this present beene as saluage and as miserable as the most barbarous Saluage yet vnciuilized The Hebrewes and Lacedemonians the Gothes the Grecians the Romanes and the rest what was it they would not vndertake to inlarge their Teritories enrich their subiects resist their enemies Those that were the founders of those great Monarchies and their vertues were no siluered idle golden Pharises but industrious Iron steeled Publicans They regarded more prouisions and necessaries for their people then Iewels riches ease or delight for themselues Riches were their Seruants not their Masters They ruled as Fathers not as Titants their people as Children not as Slaues there was no disaster could discourage them and let none thinke they incountred not with all manner of incumbrances And what hath euer beene the worke of the greatest Princes of the Earth but planting of Countries and ciuilizing barbarous and inhumane Nations to ciuilitie and humanitie whose eternall actions fills our Histories Lastly the Portugals and Spaniards whose euer-liuing actions before our eies will testifie with them our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterities and the neglect of our duties in our pietie and religion We owe our God our King and Countrey and want of Charitie to those poore Saluages whose Countrey wee challenge vse and possesse except wee be but made to vse and marre what our fore-fathers made or but onely tell what they did or esteeme our selues too good to take the like paines Was it vertue in them to prouide that doth maintaine vs and basenesse in vs to doe the like for others Surely no. Then seeing we are not borne for our selues but each to help other and our abilities are much alike at the houre of our birth and the minute of our death seeing our good deeds or our bad by faith in Christs merits is all we haue to carie our soules to heauen or hell Seeing honor is our liues ambition and our ambition after death to haue an honorable memory of our life and seeing by no meanes we would be abated of the dignities and glories of our predecessors let vs imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors to conclude with Lucretius Its want of reason or its reasons want Which doubts the minde and iudgement so doth dant That those beginnings makes men not to grant Iohn Smith writ this with his owne hand Here followeth a briefe Discourse of the trials of New England with certaine Obseruations of the Hollanders vse and gaine by fishing and the present estate of that happy Plantation begun but by sixtie weake men in the yeere of our Lord 1620. and how to build a fleet of good ships to make a little Nauy Royall by the former Author HE saith that it is more then foure and forty yeeres agoe and it is more then fortie yeeres agoe since he writ it that the Herring Busses out of the Low Countries vnder the King of Spaine were fiue hundred besides one hundred French men and three or foure hundred saile of Flemings The Coast of Wales and Lancashire was vsed by 300 Saile of Strangers Ireland at Beltamore fraughted yeerely three hundred saile of Spaniards where King Edward the sixt intended to haue made a strong Castle because of the straight to haue tribute for fishing Black Rocke was yerely fished by three or foure hundred saile of Spaniards Portugals and Biskiners The Hollanders raise yeerely by Herring Cod and Ling thirty thousand pounds English and French by Salt-fish Poore-Iohn Salmons and Pilchards three hundred thousand pounds Hambrough and the Sound for Sturgion Lobsters and Eeles one hundred thousand pounds Cape Blanke for Tunny and Mullit by the Biskiners and Spaniards thirty thousand pounds That the Duke of Medina receiueth yeerely tribute of the Fishers for Tunny Mallit and Porgos more then ten thousand pounds Lubecke hath seuen hundred ships Hambrough six hundred Emden lately a Fisher towne one thousand foure hundred whose customes by fishing hath made them so powerfull as they be Holland and Zeland not much greater then Yorkeshire hath thirty walled Townes foure hundred Villages and twenty thousand saile of Ships and Hoies three thousand six hundred are Fisher-men whereof one hundred are Doggers seuen hundred Pinkes and Well-Boats seuen hundred Fraud-boats Britters and Tode-boats with thirteene hundred Busses besides three hundred that yeerely fish about