Another very n Helmold Chron. Slauor 1. cap. 8. ancient of the Emperor Henry I. hee raignd in DCCCCXX of Christ that after his victories against Worm King of Danmarch he apud Sleswich quae nunc o De isto oppido consulas Ethelword lib. 1. pag. 474. Malmesb. de gest Reg. 2. cap. 2 cui Eâ—theisi Hurtheby Librariorum incuriâ dicitur Heidebo dicitur regni terminos ponens ibi Marchionem statuit Saxonum Coloniam habitare praecepit And Maiores nostri saith p Annal. Boior 6. 4. Auentin vnumquodque regnum quo citeriora eius tutiora forent iuxta Cardines Coeli in limites quibus praefectos cum praesidijs Militum Equitum imposuere diuiserunt illos Marchas hos Marchigraphos appellant The later Grecians from the Italian Marchese call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lady Anna Comnena names Tancred 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 where the very Italian is And one q Nicephorus Greg. histor 7. of them I know not why saies it signifies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. The Kings Standardbearer They might well bee deceiud in this Western name as in others they vsually are The ancientest testimonie which I haue obserud of the name is about Charles the Great In his d Ap. Goldast Constit. Imp. tom 2. in Capitulari Carol. Magni cap. 5. Constitution De legia Imperij Transalpini sede tenenda are reckond Duces Marchiones and in other writings of that age Therefore is he much deceiud that * Krantz in Wandalic 3. cap. 16. Saxon. 3. cap. 9. saies the first mention of Marchio is in that of Henry I. Emperor at Sleswic and perhaps as faulty in that he interprets Marquisat by Districtum vnius Villicationis aut Ditionis because the Territories of Villages or Towns he saies the Dutch call Ueltmarcks I doubt not but that Marck there also is originally as before we haue deliuered But as wee haue alreadie shewd of Dux and Comes Primi ordinis so of them both and Marqueste you must remember that all three and that after the French Empire were dâ—stinctions of Name more then Dignity They concurd euen in one man For the Roman times all three are plainly exprest in e Sidon Apollinar Panegyric Anthemio this Comitis sed iure recepto Danubij ripas tractum limitis ampli Circuit hortatur diponit discutit armat For the French vnder the Emperor Lewes II. Trachulfus saith an f Anonym Annal Franc. edit à Pithoeo sub anno 873. Ancient Comes Dux Sorabici limitis mense Augusto defunctus est Comes Dux limitis euery man may see included Duke Count and Marquesse Diuers such testimonies you shall meet with But when other titles in the German Empire vnder Otho I. were by feudall right made hereditary and Honorarie this also among them had the same Change being before with them for life And the Feudall Marquisats of Lusatia Brandeburg Brabant that they calld Of the holy Empire were about that time created In their Language they name them Markgraues i. Comites Limitanei or gouernors of the Frontiers and thence their Monks made their Latine Marggrauius-Obijt saith g In Annal. Dominic Celmariens sub Anno 1291. one Marggrauius de Missen speaking of Frederique Marquesse of Misnia The solemnity of Creating them as of Dukes in the Empire anciently was by deliuery of one or more Banners as in the example of Austria is remembred where we speak of Dukes When this Title became first distinct in France I know not But there also the Count of Burgundy is anciently h Frodoard Chronic. sub An. 921. calld Marchio Burgundiae and Richard Duke of Normandie twixt whom and our King Ethelred Pope Iohn XV. desired to make a peacefull composition sent Leo Archbishop of Triers into England with letters of credence in the i Epist. Ioh. Papae dat Rothomagi 991. apud Malmesbur de gest Regum l. 2. c. 10 same letters is only titled Richardus Marchio So an old k Lips Louan 1. cap. 12. An. 1138. Charter Godefridus Dei Miseratione Dux Marchio Lotharingiae Comes Louanij c. An ancient Autor l Anthonie de la Salle chez Lâ—oyseau des serg cap. 5. of that Country says the Marquesse Est inuesty auec vn anneau de Ruby But the Ring is now turnd into a Crown or Coronet which they call mâ—slée mixt that is part Fleuronée and part perlée because the Marquesse is as it were participating of both twixt Duke and Count. Yet they haue by a distinction giuen presedence to some ancient Counts before some ancient Marquesses as to Counts of whole Prouinces before Marquesses of only Frontier Towns and to those Marquesses before other Counts or Gouernours of Towns Nay and some haue disputed and deliuerd that the Title of Count there generally is before Marquesse and indeed the Marquesse of Iulliers m Froissart Volum 1. fueill 24. was as for addition of honor made Count by the Emperor Lewes of Bauiere Yet a late Autor Charles L'oyseau is confident that in regard all the ancient Duchies and Counties which were entire Prouinces are reunited to the Crown and that those of later time are but of such parts as it hath pleasd the King to giue and vnder such limitations the name of Marquesse there is generally before Couut But for this and the like remember that of the famous and learned Alciat Cum in Boijs saith he Liguribus plerique sint Marchionis siue Baronis titulum sibi arrogantes vitae genere moribusque ab Agrestibus parùm differentes Hos pro Ignobilibus habendos existimauerim sod omnino hac in re multum consuetudini tribuendum quae plerunque non eadem vbique est Quapropter in Gallia Marchionibus praeferuntur Comites Plurimùm verò Principalis ipsa concessio pollet Siquidem omnes Dignitates ex supremi ipsius Principis arbitrio pendent qui si velit ea dignitate ornare Baronem potest vt Comitibus anteponatur nihilque eam vulgarem sententiam facere qua tradiderunt aliqui Comitem esse qui decem Marchionibus Marchionem qui Decem Baronibus Baronem qui decem Capitaneis praesit In England as a Dignitie Honoratie it hath not been of great antiquitie But for the name one that n Ioan. Sarisburiens de Nugis Curial lib. 6. cap. 16. wrote vnder Henry II. complaining of Cowardise in the English vses the storie of those wiues and mothers of the Persian armie put to flight by the Medes which came all running to meet their sonnes and husbands beseeching them valiantly to renew the field and finding them faint hearted sublatâ veste as Iustin's words are transcrib'd by this Autor obscoena corporis ostendunt rogantes o Non vini vt malè codex meus typis excusus num in vteros Matrum vel Vxorum velint refugere The armie for very shame retired stoutly fought and had the day and
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
may weare a Crown who only a Cap. The beginning of this and that equall of Count in the French state The Counts of Holland and Flanders The Royalties of the ancient Dukes in France Their Crown The reuniting of those ancient Dukedomes and equall Counties to the Crown The later kind of French Dukes farre inferior to the ancient They beare their Crowns on their Armories only Whence the Crowns of Dukes Counts and the like came in fashion in these Western parts The Crowns of the Sebastocrator and Caesar. Appenage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a Charter of Edward III. The Ceremonie of inuesting our K. Iohn made Duke of Normandie When Dux came to be a speciall and distinct Title in France When in England The creation of the Black Pr. Duke of Cornwall A ring signe of Principalitie giuen and in Coronation of Kings Inuestitures of Bishops with Staffe or Rod and Ring When left off and remitted in the Empire and with vs. Error in Matthew Paris and Matth. of Westminster Bishoprickes to be giuen by the Kings letters patents without Conge d'eslier by act of Parliament Iohn of Gaunt made Duke of Lancaster the ceremonie and in making Tho. of Woodstock D. of Glocester The chief ceremonie at this day Dux in the Saxon times Duke of Northumberland by that name then hereditarie Dux then was properly their Eople Wergild What. Thrymsa The first Duke in Scotland First Dukes in Castile Ducall Crowns there Titles to be giuen to Dukes and their Grands by the Pragmatica L'oyseau's error concerning Dukes of England 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Duke in Moses and in the common assertion of the Rabbins CHAP. II. NExt to the apparant successor in the Europaean States are the Titles of Duke and Archduke Marquesse Count which we call Earle Vicount Vidame Baron and other more Of whom in their Order Two of them DVKE and COVNT Dux Comes haue their names most ancient but differing much from what they now are appli'd to Philip of Macedon hauing wasted the libertie of Greece seeing that a moderat vse of his victorie was fittest for establishment of his rights of Conquest ita vicit saith lustin vt victorem nemo sentiret Sed nec Regem se Graecis sed Ducem appellari iussit The like did Scipio Africanus in Spaine when Edecon and Andobal a Polyb. histor 10 saluted him King Of whom also b De Amicitia Cicero Quanta illi Dij immortales fuit grauitas quanta in Oratione Maiestas vt facilè Ducem P. R. non Comitem diceres And in another c Orat. pro Cornel Balbo place Si qui sunt quibus infinitum sit odium in quos semel susceptum sit quos video esse nonnullos cum Ducibus ipsis non cum Comitatu assectatoribúsque confligant In the Caesarean Empire Dux was next to Imperator The play of Ducatus Imperia like to our sports sometime vsd in making a Prince with all his officers and dignities was by that name d Sueton. in Ner. cap. 35. known in Rome which Trebellius Pollio calls fingere potestates And Martial e Lib. 6. Epig. 83. 91. salutes Domitian with summe Ducum and titles him summus Dux In like sense Iuvenal Statius others vse this great attribute which in the more ancient times you see plainly was much before Comes as the verie signification of the words shew Dux then properly was at first the Generall of an Armie vnder the Emperor Afterward it became vsually applied to such as had the militarie care of Frontiers As in Scythici limitis f Fl. Vopisc in Aureliano Dux Orientalis limitis Dux Illyriciani limitis Dux Thracij Rhetici limitis Dux g Trebell Poll. 30. Tyrann in Posthum in Celso huc sane referri potest quod de Legionibus quae limitibus praefuere sub antiquioris aeui Impp. habet Dio. hist. 55. Transrhenani limitis Dux limitis Lybici Dux and the like And Spartian sayes of Aelius Verus that he was Pannonijs Dux ac Rector impositus Their office it self was cald Ducatus In an Epistle of the Emperor Tacitus to Probus you read Nos tibi decretototius Orientis Ducatu salarium quintuplex fecimus And they had their Tunicae Ducales known by that name as in Valerians speech to Aurelian is remembred And Ducianum h Iustin. Cod. tit de appellat l. 51. quando 38. Iudicium in later time is vsd for iudgment giuen by them The precedent of their Commission as one by particular we are instructed thus i Cassiodor Var. 7. fox 4. spake Ideoque validum te ingenio ac viribus audientes per illam indictionem Ducatum tibi credimus Retiarum vt milites in pace regas cum eis fines nostros solenni alacritate circumeas But in those times Comites were great men such were in Comitatu Imperatoris of whom Constantine the great in his distinction of honours made some of the first Rank some of the second and some of a third 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the same in the words of k Euseb. de vita Constantini 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one that liu'd and wrote vnder him The forme of giuing the greatest of these honors is thus l Cassidor Variar lib. 6. cap. 12 deliuer'd Quocirca prouocati moribus tuis m Ita dictus Honos ille Graecis vero 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Comitiuam primi ordinis ab illa indictione maiestatis fauore largimur vt Consistorium nostrum sicut rogatus ingrederis ita moribus laudatus exornes quando vicinus honor est Illustribus dum alter medius non habetar Admoneat te certè quod suscepta Dignitas Primi Ordinis appellatione censetur vtique quia te sequuntur omnes qui Spectabilitatis honore decorantur So that a Count of the first rank seemes somewhat before a Duke of a Prouince yet both vnder the same generall note of Spectabiles comprehending both Dukes Counts of Prouinces and some other But these Counts being of the Spectabiles which were between the Illustres and Clarissimi imploid in militarie seruice or state gouernment abroad had the name of Comites n C. de off rect Prou. l. Iustissimos 3. per prouincias o C. de Com. Rei Mil. l. Eos 2. Consulas ad hanc rem Nouell Constit. 27. de Comite Isauriae qui sub Comitiuae primi Ordinis dignitate peculiariter ad quamlibet prouinciam vel prouincias defendendas milit e credito autoritate Imperatorij Nominis destinabantur The Graecians call'd the Counts of the first p Nouell 43. c. 3 rank 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But howsoeuer the difference of Duke and Count was at the first institution of the Comitiua vnder Constantine or about Iustinians time to which referre that of Cassidore it 's certain they became not long after Constantine equall Honorius and Theodosius in a Constitution Qui q C. de Com.
of Chartres his mention of that Conuentus in his Epistles Hee liud vnder K. Robert Neither were they by institution e Bodin de Repub 3. cap. 1. Tillius Comm. de reb Gall. lib. 2. alij otherwise then as speciall Priuie Counsellers of State And doubtlesse had their name of Pares from a proportionat place in Court to that of the Pares Curtis in the Feudalls And were titled from the Paritie twixt themselues whence an old Romant f Gualter d' Auignon chez Fauchet de Dignit 2. calls them Compagnons Assez de mal me fit vostre oncle Ganelans Qui trahit en Espagne les douez Compagnons So do they both in France with vs and elswhere well interpret the Persian g Xenoph. Cyropaed 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. as if you should say compagnons en honeur Some and those of no small note haue thought that the French name of Pairs came out of Patrices or Patricij which indeed were of like Dignitie in the Declining Empire and first h Zosim hist. 2. vide verò libri huius extremam instituted farre different from those occurring in the elder Roman storie by Constantine the great And howeuer in a Constitution of Theodosius and i Nouell tit 46. edit a Pith. Valentinian any that was twise Consul had precedence of a Patricius yet Sublimis Patriciatus honor by the Emperor k C. de Coss. l. 3. v. C. de Decur l. 66. Zeno caeteris omnibê° anteponitur in the gift of it to l Cassiodor Var. 3. epist. 5. vide Subscript Priuilegio Tertulli Coenobio Casinensi Importunê° by Theodorique it 's call'd munus plenarium Dignitatum The deduction of it is from Pater and as if they were calld the Kings or Emperors Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith m Authent 81. in Praefat. Iustinian of them which in a manner is interpreted in that of his also n C. de Coss L. S. Sancimus V. Cassiodor Var. 6. form 2. Qui à nobis loco patris honorantur Whence a Patricius is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Father of the State and o Antholog li. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by composition of the word p Luitprand lib. 1. cap. 7. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith the Emperor Leo about DCCCXC honor'd Zautzas father to his delicate Concubine Zoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing newly inuented this Dignitie which was not before as Cedren's words are Neither was it new then as to some other Nations but only in composition For Haman in the letters of Artaxerxes is said to haue been so much q Esâ—h cap. 16. Comm. 8. de hac re consulas Plutarchum in Lucullo honor'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that he was call'd our Father and that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abrech proclaim'd before Ioseph is by r Genes 41. Com. 43. the Chalde of Onkelos and Ionathan and the Hierosolymitan Targum taken for Father of the tender King or tender Father of the King although some interpret it kneel down The title of Patricius was of such honor that Charles le Magne before he was crown'd Emperor had it as an additament of Greatnesse That it was as the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Magister anciently as a learned s Meurs Gloss. Graeco-barb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 man would I haue not yet perswaded my selfe But of Peers and Patrices thus much Bannerets Chiualers à Bannier Drappeau quarrè Baron Of France Bannerets in England The forme of making Sir Iohn Chandos a Banneret Bannerets not created by Patent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Baronet Baroneti for Bannereti in old Monks A Banneret discharged from being Knight of the Parlament The new title of Baronet created by our present Soueraign The Decree of their precedence Knights of the Bath France and England The forme of their creation with vs. The Riband they are to weare vntill some Prince or Ladie pull it off Knights of the Collar Torquati Order of the Garter S. George speciall particulars of him The Round Table Della Nuntiata Order Du Toison d'Or Of S. Michael De Saint Esprit De l'Estoille De Croissant Some obscure and obsolet Orders of France De la Banda Of S. Andrew Of the Elephant Of the Sword Of the Burgundian Crosse. Di sangue di saluatore Di Santo Steffano Di S. Marco Peetermen Why Religious Orders are here omitted CHAP. XI OF ORDERS some are Religious only and destinate to some particular actions as the Templars anciently the Hospitalars the Ordo Teutonicorum in Prussia and diuers other of like nature since instituted in Italy specially and in Spain against the Turks in such places where they are instituted and being vnder some Religious Order and meerly de la Croce or of the Crosse. I reckon them rather as officiarie Knights then honorarie and omit them because also they occurre euery where els Others are meerly Ciuill and honorarie And of these some are such as haue their speciall honor in most parts of the Western Christendom others only in the particular Countries where their first being was The first sort of this last kind are BANNERETS and of the BATH and first of them Bannerets are Chiualers à Banier Chiualers à drappeau quarré or Equites Vexillarij from their right of bearing a Banner Standard or Square Ensigne in the warres with their Armes on them wheras Knights Bachelors may not do so The Germans call them Banner-heers In an old French Autor t Anthonie de la salle chez L'oyseau des Grandes seig cap. 5. §. 50. des Cheualeâ—s à Bannier vois Pasquier Recerch du France Liu. 2. cap. 9. Le Baron est inuesty auec vn Drappeau quarré le Banneret auec vn drappeau in escusson that is the Baron is made by giuing him a square Ensigne or Banner but the Banneret by an Ensigne in Scutchion fashion or a Pennon And the Customs of Poictou as L'oyseau cites Le Comte Vicomte ou Baron peut porter Banniere qui est adire qu'il peut en guerre en armoiries porter ses armes en quarré ce que ne peut le seigneur Chastellan que seulement les peut porter en form d'escusson Yet now both with them and elswhere the Square Banner is a proper and denominating Ensigne to the Banneret which is one saith the same L'oyseau to whom the King hath giuen power to aduance his Banner although hee bee neither Baron Viscont or Chastellan but he ought to be of good possession and haue vnder him x. Vassals and such means as are able to maintain a troop of horse Vntill about Edward III they were not in England as the learn'd Clarenceulx well coniectures That King ereated u Pat. 15. Ed. 3. part 2. memb 22. 23. Iohn Coupland a Banneret for his great seruice in taking Dauid of Bruis II. of that name King of Scots
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
England How the Nobilitie lik't the Creation of Robert of Vere Richard I 〈…〉 expressely made it a Dignitie twixt Duke and Count. Iohn of Beaufort's refusing the Title as too New His Coronet here First Marquesse in Scotland Iohn Hamilton First in Spaine when made and who His Coronet and prerogatiues there CHAP. III. OF Dux Dux limitis and Comes as they were anciently about the declining Empire it is sufficiently disputed in the next Chapter before And of their equalitie of Office and Dignitie as also how from Dux came the now Honorary title of Duke From no other Originall is the name of MARQVESSE to be deriud For such as were constituted Gouernors of Prouinces bordering on som other State or the Sea whence also easier inuasions might bee feared had the name of a C. tit de Venat Ferar. l. vnic Constit. Theodos. Val. edit a Pith. tit 29. Duces Limitanei or Limitum in Latin and from the old Dutch or French in later time Marâ—graues or Marquesses For in that tongue as at this day Borders Frontiers limits or bounds were calld Marques or Marches Quotiens saith my b Boiar leg tit de Term. Rupt art 8. autor de Commarchanis contentio nascitur c. i. as often as controuersie rises touchching Boundaries And in the French Annals one speaking of Carloman Expulit Duces quibus custodia commissa c c Anonym sub anno 861. erat Pannonici limitis Cartani atque per suos Marcam ordinauit Hence the ancient Marquesse of Austria is calld d Ditmar Chronic lib. 7. Marcha inter Vngarios Bauarios So Normandie was * Sugerius Abb. vitâ Ludouici Crassi Margus Regni and Normanniae Marchia The reason of the name any man knows that knows how it lies In the Testament of Charles the Great Marcae is vsd for Frontiers and in writings of those times Marca Hispanica Marca Britannica and such like infinit occurre And e Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Ben. cap. 33. Marchisi Britannici limitis Marchiser in French being at this day to Border or adioyne to Hence the names of Danmarch and as som haue thought our Mercia or Mercland in the Saxon Heptarchie and the lawes of Marque or Reprisales Some great men haue f Alciat de Singul Certam cap. 32. deriud it from Mare or Marc i. a Horse as if it should be in Latin Magister equitum or a Generall ouer the Gensdarmerie of Horsemen It s true that among the old Gaules the word g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pausanias Phocic lib 10. Marc signified a Horse as also in h March leg Boiar tit de Vitios animali art 11. old French and British or Welsh wee and the present Dutch retaining still for one Sex the word Mare Hence some will the Marcheta Mulieris in Scotland i. from an obscene vse of equitare the first night or Maidenhead of the Bride which by a law of Euen III. King of Scotland was allowd to the King and other Lords at the marriage of their Tenants daughters and afterward by Malcolm III. at request of his Queen turnd into a summe of i V post Hectorem Boetium lib. 3. Regiam Maiest lib. 4. cap. 31. de Marcheta apud Nos consulas Henric. de Bract lib. 4. de Assiss N. Diss. cap. 28. §. 5. monie yet remaining among their laws But also with vs in a Natiuo habendo the Esplees is laid among other in Marcheta pro filiabus suis maritandis perhaps hauing like cause of name although not the same ground of Law But in Scotland it extends to all Conditions as well Noble as other And from the old vse of this Marc or Mare must you deriue Mareshall i. as most say Mare-schalch which literally is as much as Equi or Equorum praefectus i. Master of the Horse Which without question is the true etymologie of the great office of Mareshall ioind anciently in England with the Constable i. Comes stabuli in their iudicious place of the Court of Chiualrie But to iustifie also that Marquesse is hence one produces a piece of an old Romant thus speaking of Paris his companie in his embarquement for Helen Li k Benois Chez Fauchet en l' Origin des Dig. nit 2. cap. 3. Chiualier li Marchis Ke Paris ot semont pris Et ses freres Deifibus Et furent bien deux mil plus And thinks that the autor would not absurdly by Marchis mean such as are mongst vs feudatarie Marquesses but that he vsd it for Horsemen which in later time was applied to this Dignitie Surely there was no necessitie that hee should vse the name for the one or the other but generally for a Souldier because indeed the old Marquesses had in their Prouinces Martiall gouernment Or if hee did vse it for Horsemen as perhaps hee might what consequence is there that thence this Honorary title should haue its deduction But howsoeuer he knows nothing of the old Monkish Rimes and Romants that knows not how vsually they abusd words of Titles Dignities and state of their own age by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean when in the destruction of Thebes he saies that King Adrastus sette a Parlement And hath his letters and messer gers sent Through Greece to many sundry Kings Hem to enhast and make no lettings And round about as made is mention Hee sent also to many a Región For Princes Dukes Earles and Barons It must in charitie be thought that none of his Readers are so blockish as to beleeu that the Titles of Dukes Earles and Barons were in Greece Much of that nature is in Robert of Glocester Chaucer Gower and elswhere in Lidgat The l Constit. Feud lib 2. tit Quis dicatur Marchiani dicuntur Petro de Vincis lib. 2. Epist. 15. Imperiall Laws thus Qui de Marchia inuestitus est Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha vt plurimum iuxta Mare sit posita It s certain iudeed that many of the Imperial Marquisats are in a maritime coast yet plainly had their names from being Land-marches of the State and not from their maritime situation For although the Marca Anconitana Taruisana of Ferrara in Italy as also the Marquisat of the holy Empire in Brabant the Marcha Normannica and Britannica in France are maritime yet Misnia and Lusatia Brandeburg Morauia Austria Susa in Sauoy all vnder the name of Marquisats and then instituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Prouinces are inland Countries When Charles the great had a designe of Warre against the Saxons he sent for all his forces in Guienne and commanded them thence m Adhdemar in vita Ludouic Pij relictis tantùm Marchionibus qui fines Regni tenentes omnes si fortè ingruerent hostium arcerent incursus Plainly the defending of the Marches interprets their name