King D. Sancho vntil that their victuals beganne to faile them During this siege the Deputies of the Prouince of Guipuscoa came to D. Alphonso King of Castille making offer that if he would goe thether in person they would yeeld vnto him hauing long desired to bee vnited to the crowne of Castille for that they were ouercharged by the Kings of Nauarre whose fortunes they had followed seuentie seuen yeeres This offer was very pleasing vnto D. Alphonso as a matter of great aduantage wherefore leauing D. Diego Lopes de Haro to continue the siege of Victoria he went in person to Guipuscoa which Prouince put it selfe vnder his protection Guipuscoa yeelded to the King of Castille and of the Kings of Castille vpon certaine conditions and deliuered into his hands the forts of Saint Sebastien and Fontaraby with the castle of Veloaga which is in the valley of Ojarçun which frontierd vpon France a fit place to assure him a passage if need were into Guienne which was then held by the English for that hee had married a Princesse of England Besides these places they gaue him the castle of Athau vpon the frontiers of Nauarre which is now ruined the castle of Achoros Val du L'eniz and the castle of Arrasate called at this present Mondragon vpon the frontiers of Biscay with the fort which was then built vpon the mountaine of Helosua the ruines whereof are to bee seene at this day which mountaine is in the iurisdiction of the towne of Vergara and is otherwise called Arizona This D. Alphonso King of Castille obtained this prouince of Guipuscoa without force and so returned wonderfully content to the siege of Victoria which continued stil the besieged hauing spent al their victuals who by daily messengers did sollicit D. Sancho their King aduertising him of their extremity whereby they should be forced to fall into their enemies hands if hee did not preuent it but hee beeing ignorant of all that had past in his country beeing absent ill disposed and without good councell aduised them to yeeld vnto the King of Castille vpon the best conditions they could Hauing receiued this answere the besieged held out senenteene daies longer attending if the King had not taken some better aduice but seeing there came nothing from him whereby they might hope of releefe Victoria taken by the King of Castille beeing extremely prest with hunger and want of all things they yeelded the towne the which for the scituation and fortification was held impregnable By the taking of Victoria the King of Castille was maister of that other Prouince of Alaua the country of Araya yeelded vnto him he tooke Irrurita Maragnon Saint Croix and all the valley of Campeso King D. Alphonso made this goodly conquest in the yeere 1200. part by force and part by a voluntary yeelding and did greatly diminish the realme of Nauarre although that some places submitted themselues againe vnder the obedience of the King D. Sancho neither did the Prouince of Alaua euer receiue any law from Castille except Victoria and Treuigno To assure himselfe the better of the Guipuscoans and to gralifie them also the King of Castille caused to bee re-edefied vpon the sea coast of that Prouince the townes of Guetario and Motrico the which hee did fortifie and indow with great preuiledges after all these things the King of Nauarre arriued at Carthagena and slipt through Arragon into his country bringing great treasure with him out of affrike at what time D. Alphonso had newly besieged Estella the which was freed from siege vpon the bruite of his comming so great power and reputation hath the name of a king that is present but if he had staied longer in Affrike his country of Nauarre had beene wholy lost Nauarre sends Ambassadors to Castille hauing visibly seene the great harme which the King D. Alphonso had done him hee sent Ambassadors vnto him to desire him to restore him that which hee had taken from him in his absence against al law and iustice and against the accustomed manner of making warre in that age full of loyalty but the King of Castille entertained him with delaies and doubtfull answeres 32. Whilst that D. Caâ—â—â—â— Sancho considers of his losses and of the best meanes to repaire them the King of Castille great mighty and redoubted being allied to him of Arragon and hauing a truce for many yeeres with Aben Ioseph hee beganne to repaire the ruines which the Arabians had made he restored the city of Plaisance Bejar and other places of the country ruined he did the like to Mirabel Segura de la Serra Monfredo Moya and many other places of the realme of Toledo hee also built Aquilar del Campe in Castille and moreouer in Guipuscoa he built the towne of Castro d' Ordiales Laredo Saint Ander and Saint Vincent de la Barquera About the yeere 1201. An. 1201. there was a peace treated of betwixt Iohn successor to Richard King of England and King Philip Augustus of France at Boutauant in Normandy by the which amongst other Articles a marriage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Blanche the daughter of D. Alphonso King of Castille Marriage betwixt Lewis of France and D. Blanche of Castille and Queene Elenor sister to the King of England with Lewis eldest sonne to Philip and heire of the realme of France for the which Ambassadors were sent from both Kings into Castille they were made sure by a Deputy for Lewis in the city of Burgos with great feasting and state and the Infanta was conducted by the King her father and other Noblemen of Castille vnto the frontiers of Guienne where the Deputies for the French King did receiue her for whose dowry there was assigned by King Iohn her vncle all the places which were in question betwixt him and the French King whereof the sayd French King was in possession in the Dutchies of Normandy Brittaine and Aniou At the same time D. Alphonso King of Leon seperated by the authority of Pope Innocent from D. Theresa of Portugal his wife sent to demande D. Berenguela the King of Castilles other daughter whereof by reason of the discords which were betwixt these two Kings the father made some difficulty yet vanquished by the perswasions and intreaty of Queene Elenor who desired as much to see her daughter weare a crowne as a peace betwixt Castille and Leon he yeelded vnto it and these two Princes meeting to that effect in the towne of Vailledo it the marriage was celebrated assigning her for her dowry the lands taken the yeere before from the king of Leon except Carpio and Monreal which remained to Castille Of this marriage was borne the Infant D. Fernand who succeded in the Realmes of Castille and Leon. Thinke that the Popes dispensation was not obtained for this marriage for being cousin germains remoued children of the vncle and nephew Pope Innocent the third did seperate them In the yeere 1202. Casfille and 1203
country of Toledo he came to Burgos where hee called an other assembly and kept his court in the yeere 1170. An. 1170. touching that which lies on this side the mountaines belonging to Castille and Nagera D. Alphonso the noble King of Castille comes of years and for that the fifteenth yeere of his age was now ended all the townes forts were yeeled vp vnto him without any contradiction according to the will of his deceased father yea those which were held by D. Fernand of Castro who was neuer more seene in Castille by reason of the quarrels he had with the house of Lara but passing to the Moores hee shewed himselfe a perpetuall enemy to his country In the assembly at Burgos there was speech of the excesse and outrages done by Fernand King of Leon to reuenge the which hee resolued to proclaime warre against him but it was not put in execution long after by reason of D. Alphonsos youth who was not yet capable of so great an enterprise There they treated also of the Kings marriage with Elenor daughter to Henry the second King of England And marries Elenor of England who was as renouned as any Prince at that day in Christendome he was sonne to Geoffrey Duke of Aniou and Normandie It was this Henry which had married Queene Elenor heire of the Dutchie of Guienne and countie of Poictou put away by Lewis the seuenth the French King 5 After these things there was an enter-view of two yong Kings D. Alphonso of Castille and D. Alphonso of Arragon at Sahagun with shewes of great loue and from thence they went to Sarragosse from whence there was an Ambassage sent to effect the marriage of the King of Castille The Ambassadors were D. Celebrun Archbishop of Toledo the Bishops of Palenza Calaorra Burgos and Segobia the Earles D. Ponce and D. Nugno with other Noblemen who found the court with the Queene mother and her daughter at Burdeaux whose returne the King of Castille attended at Sarragosse where during his aboad the league was renewed betwixt Castille and Arragon and a new made for the mutuall defence of both Kings against all men except the King of England in the which were named all the great men belonging to either estate for assurance whereof there was consigned and laied in pawne the castles of Nagera Biguerra Clauijo Ocon and Arueda for the King of Castille and for the King of Arragon Hariza Daroca Aranda Epila Borja with a condition that hee which should breake the league should loose these places and the conuentions were signed and confirmed by the two Kings and their chiefest Nobles The Ambassadors of Castille were welcome to Burdeaux and their charge was very pleasing to the king of England wherevpon the Princesse Elenor was sent into Spaine beeing accompanied by Bernard Archbishop of Bourdeaux the Bishoppes of Poictiers Angoulesme Perigueux Xaintes Agen and Bazas by Raoul de la Faye Seneshall of Guienne Helie Earle of Perigort the Vicounts of Tartax Chasteleraud Chastillon Mortmar Vendome Augoulesme Labrit or Albret with very many other Noblemen and Knights By the treaty made with the Ambassadors it was sayd that the assurace and contract of marriage should bee made at Tarrassone and should be sollemnly ratefied in the presence of the King of Arragon wherefore the two Kings came to Tarrassone where these things were celebrated and sworne with great sollemnity Guifts to th◠new Queene of Castille in fouor of 〈◊〉 marriage in the yeere of our Lord 1170. and for accomplishment thereof at that instant D. Alphonso King of Castille caused all the Knights of Castille which were there present to sweare fealtie to his future spouse and moreouer hee gaue vnto her in faaour of the marriage the castles and city of Burgos Castro Xeris Auia Monçon Saldagne Tariego Dueregnas Carrion Aabeson Medina del Aampo Villa Escusa Aguillar Astudillo for her idle expences to furnish her cabinet he assigned particularly vnto her Burgos Nagera and Castro Xeris besides he gaue vnto her the rents of the port of Saint Emeterio Besgo Cabedo Briza de Centillana Calaorra Logrogno Arnedo Biguerra Granon Vilhorado Pancoruo Monasterio Poza Atiença Osma Penafiil Curiel Surita Hita Aegna Negra and others Moreouer hee promised to giue her the moytie of all hee should conquer from the Moores from the day of their marriage These promises and matrimoniall conuentions were sworne in the presence of the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and other English Ambassadors to whom in the Queenes name hee caused the forts to bee deliuered and the homages aboue mentioned to bee done all in the presence of the King of Arragon as an indifferent arbitrator for both parties These things thus finished the two Kings of Castille and Arragon parted good friends and the Ambassadors with the new spouse came with D. Alphonso the Noble to Burgos where the marriage was celebrated with great state and royal pompe after which the court parting from Burgos it came to Nagera in the countrie of Oja where the King gaue leaue to many which had come to attend the solemnitie of his marriage namely to them of Auila who had alwaies followed him to whom for their willingnesse to serue him hee graunted many priuiledges After which hee led the Queene to Toledo where hee grew so amorons of a Iew whom they called Hermosa as hee forgot his new spouse and intangled himselfe so farre in her loue Disordanat Iust of D. Alphonso king of Castille as hee almost lost his sences whereat some Knights of Castille beeing verie much greeued they thought to doe an act pleasing vnto God and profitable to the commen-weale to kill this Iew the which in the beginning the King did beare verie impatiently but in the end hee acknowledged his error and detested it Vpon the confines of Arragon and Castille there began at that time a petty estate in Albarrazin Fort of Albarrazin which place was vsurped by a Knight called D. Pedro Ruis d' Açagra who held it of God and his sword Hee was borne in Nauarre and wonne the loue of the Moores of Murcia and other neighbour places which did fauour and succor him in his enterprises and withall hee had newly made a league with D. Sancho King of Nauarre who supported him and vsed him to bridle Arragon and Castille with which estates hee had or feared some Iarres This fort which had beene in ancient time called Saint Marie of Albarrazin was a troublesome thorne in the feete of the Kings of Castille and Arragon An. 1172. into whose territories D. Pedro Ruis ◠Asagra made often roads at his pleasure who hauing about this yeere of our Lord 1172. taken some places in Castille the King D. Alphonso the noble resolued to make warre against him and to take them from him if hee could for this consideration hee made a priuate league with the King of Arragon who was interessed by the which it was concluded that the King of
Arragon and left a French knight for Seneshal and Gouernor thereof his name was Ieoffry of Beaumont of whom the Nauarrois made no great account and lesse of the king of Arragon to whom they would yeeld no obedience so as there began to be a breach of friendship betwixt the Nauartois and Arragonois in the yeere 1257. at which time D. Gil de Rada a knight of Nauar did homage to the King D. Iaime for his castle of Rada for him and D. Maria de Leet his wise The Seneshal seeing the couÌ„try which was committed vnto him ready to fal into a combustion came vnto the king D. Iaime who was at Barcelona and obtained of him an assurance of peace for a certaine time betwixt the two Estates The King of Castille finding himselfe in peace with all his neighbors Castile both Christians and Moores he tooke care for the good gouernment of his subiects who at that time made great complaints for that by reason of the altering of the value of coines al things were growne exceeding deere which thinking to preuent by setting a certaine price vpon al wares that were sold he wrought a contrary effect so as the death increased wherefore he disanulled that law and gaue them free liberty to sel their victuals wares at their pleasures Factionâ— in Germany for the Empire About that time there was great trouble in the Empire of Germany betwixt Conrade sonne to Frederic the 2. King of Naples and Sicile and William Earle of Holland both which carried themselues as Emperors The death of Conrade happened who as the Italians write was poysoned by Manfroy his Lieutenant and bastard brother who vsurped the realmes of Naples and Sicile which the Popes would draw vnto them since Frederiks time and exclude the house of Soaue notwithstanding that Conrade left Conradin his son and heire Impiety of Manfrey Frederiks bastard in whose preiudice Manfroy made himself king sugiesting that he had newes of his death in Germany hauing in the meane time corrupted some to poison him as he had done the father but they failed him their vowed seruice William Earle of Holland had bin chosen Emperor by the practises of Popes against Frederic who held that title vnto his death which was soone after that of Conrâ—â— for hauing war against the Frisons his rebels he was defeated by them and drowned in a Marish He being dead the Electors of Germany were diuided some striuing to haue a Prince of Germany chosen according to the lawes of the Empire and the others it may be corrupted with money sought to haue some forraine Prince placed in the Emperiall dignity that he might pacefie the troubles and tumults which did afflict Germany and Italy Two Princes were then vpon the file Richard sonne to Iohn King of England and brother to Henry the third Richard of England chosen Emperor then raigning and D. Alphonso King of Castille Conrad Archbishop of Cologne and Lewis Cont Palatin of Rhin Electors practised by the English man who was present did chose him King of the Romains where vnto the Archbishop of Mentz consented But Adolph duke of Saxony the Archbishop of Treues and the Marquis of Brandeburg disallowing of this Election they named the king of Castille who was absent who being aduertized of this ElectioÌ„ by a sollemn Ambassage yet would he not go into Germany hearing that Richard would force obedience by armes that the war was hotter among the Germains then before wherefore attending the euent he kept himself within the city of Toledo 7 The same yeere of our Lord 1257. Portugal D. Sancho Capello King of Portugal whom they had depriued of the gouernment of the realme to giue it to his brother D. Alphonso of Bologne came into Castille to King D. Alphonso the wise according to the most certain Authors intreating him to aide him in the recouery of his dignity and to punish his rebelious subiects who had made his brother their King in his life time wherevnto the King of Castille was well affected but a priuat respect made him to abandon the cause of the afflicted for the Earle of Bologne Regent of Portugal knowing that his brother made this pursute intreated King D. Alphonso by his letters not to trouble him in the charge wherevnto he had beene called by the Estates of the realm for lawful considerations the which had also bin allowed and confirmed by the authority of the Romain sea That if he would forbeare to annoy him he promised to marry D. Beatrix his bastard daughter which was then of age to be maried would be diuorced from the Countesse Mâ—hault his wife D. Alphonso of Portugal leaues his lawful wise the Countesse of Balogne to marry with Beatrix of Castille moreouer did reuiue the ancient homage which Portugal did to Leon These offers made king D. Alphonso to open his eares who entertayning the king D. Sancho with good words concluded the marriage of D. Beatrix with the Regent his brother to whom he gaue in doury the country of Algarbe newly taken from the Moores this vnion of the realm of Algarbe to that of Portugal was the cause that from that time the kings of Portugal carriedin their armes a border gueules semee with castles or without number the which were since reduced to the number of seuen The King D. Sancho Capello being out of al hope to raigne in Portugall D. Sancho Capello spoiled of the realme of Portugal died soone after in Castille where for that short time he was entertained in a royal Estate by D. Alphonso King of Castille whose case was like vnto his some few yeeres after for he was dispossessed by his owne sonne D. Sancho where it was happy for him to haue preserued the friendship of the Moores for there was not any Christian Prince that did either fauor him or aide him Whilst that the King D. Sancho of Portugal liued the city of Coimbra resisted D. Alphonso his brother and would neuer acknowledge him for Regent and much lesse for King And the writers of Portugal say that the newes of the Kings death being published he which commanded within the towne whom some cal Fleet demanded a pasport to goe vnto Toledo to informe himselfe of the Kings death and that the tombe wherein he had beene laied being opened he began to fight and to lament the aduenture of this Prince and to protest of his loyaltie vnto him and of the affection of the citizens of Combra and laying the keyes of the city vpon his hands he sayd that seeing he had receiued them from him with the charge and gouernment thereof he deliuered it vp vnto him againe and then resoluing to acknowledge King D. Alphonso for his lawfull Prince and to draw the citizens therevnto he returned into Portugal D. Alphonso the third of that name the fifth King of Portugal BY the death of King D. Sancho Capello Nauarre which was the fifth yeere of
Cattelogne To D. Iames his second sonne he left the Islands of Majorca and Minorca with the title of a Kingdome and the right of Soueraignty but it continued not long He gaue by testament to the children of D. Theresa Gil of Bedaure that is to D. Iames Xirica Toro Eslida Beho and Ahin and to D. Pedro Ayerbio Lusia Ahuero Liso Artasson Castillon Sustico Borota Azuere Gabatraios and Beninuena It is credible that he did marry this Lady secretly yet after the death of Queene Iolant which was about the yeere 1251. hauing accompanied with her before it may be betwixt these two marriages and not as some haue written before his first marriage with D. Leonor of Castille These two sonnes D. Iames and D. Pedro borne of D. Theresa were the Authors of the families of Xerica and Ayerbio He also gaue by testament to D. Pedro Fernandes whom hee had by D. Berenguela Fernandes Ixar and did substitute vnto his lawfull sonnes the children of his daughters D. Isabel Constance and Iolant hee was interred in the habit of a Monke of Cisteaux in the royal Monastery of Pobler D. Pedro the third of that name and the ninth King of Arragon 20 DOn Pedro his eldest sonne was King in the yeere 1276. being surnamed the great by reason of his great exploits some good some bad His Sonne D. Alphonso had the yeere before by the care of D. Iames his Grandfather beene sworne King of Arragon and Valencia after D. Pedro his father by the Estates assembled to that end at Lerida He had him by D. Constance daughter to Manfroy Geneâ—logy of Arragon bastard to the Emperor Frederic the second King of Sicile and Naples of whom hee also begat D. Iames who was King of Sicile whose elder brother dying without children he came to succeed in the Realme of Arragon Besides these he had D. Fadrique or Frederic to whom was giuen the realme of Sicile and D. Pedro who alone of all the brethren was no King and two daughters D. Isabel who was married to Don Denis King of Portugal and Constance or Violant wife to Robert King Naples In the right of his wife Constance daughter to Manfroy the vsurping King of Naples and Sicile hee challenged these realmes for him and his successours who in the end enioyed them and thus the Historie records it William the second of that name King of Naples and Sicile Sicile and Naples held by the Normans being dead being of the Normans race about the yeere 1189. Pope Clement the 3. then raigning pretended that these realmes were fallne to the church of Rome But the noblemen and barons of the realm for diuers considerations did make Tanered bastard son to Roger the 3. their King who first intitled himselfe King of Naples and Sicile whereat Pope Celestine the 3. successor to Clement being discontented he would haue dispossessed Tanered to inuest the Emperor Henry the sixth sonne to Frederic Barbarossa Duke of Suabe in the realmes of Naples and Sicile And the better to assure him the royall title he caused him to marry Constance Neece or lawfull daughter of Roger who was a professed Nunne in the Monastery of Saint Mary or as some write at Saint Peters of Palermo dispensing with her vow and profession by his papal authority by whom the Emperor Henry had Frederic who was afterwards Emperor the second of that name Henry sought long to dispossesse Tancred but it was in vaine He beeing dead his sonne Roger raigned little after whose decease Queene Sibille caused an other sonne called William to be presently crowned being very yong whom the Emperor Henry found meanes to circumuent vpon collour of making some good accord with him and hauing by policy drawne him to Palermo without entring into any conference he caused him to be gelt and sent him into Germany with his three sisters By this meanes the Normands command in Naples and Sicile fell into the hands of the house of Suabe Sicile and Naples in the house of Suabe After the death of Henry Frederic his sonne being Emperour and duke of Suabe succeeded in these realmes the which hee enioyed notwithstanding many crosses which the Popes gaue him against whom Gautier of Brene husband to Queene Sybille who had escaped out of prison led an army but hee was taken and slue himselfe in prison Frederic had by many wiues many children by Constance of Arragon Henry the elder duke of Suabe and King of Romains by Iolant of Brenne daughter to the King of Ierusalem Conrad also duke of Suabe and King of Romains after the decease of his brother and moreouer by testament King of Naples By Mahaut or Isabel according vnto some daughter to Iohn King of England he had Henry the yonger who was King of Sicile by Testament and by a concubine Manfroy Conrad and Henry succeeded after their father Frederic respectiuely in the realmes of Naples and Sicile And for that they were young and absent Manfroy was appointed to be Gouernor of these Estates by the Emperor in his brothers names Against whom Pope Innocent did chose the King of Englands brother to bee King of Naples and Sicile but he neuer past into Italy By the practises of Popes these realmes were in great combustion so as Manfroy was obeyed but by the lesser part Wherefore Conrad King of Romains was forced to passe into Italy with a great army by meanes whereof the reduced these realmes vnder his obedience Parricids committed by Conrad who was afterwards so transported with a desire of raigne as he caused his brother Henry the younger to bee slaine as Saint Felix in Basilicata and Frederic his Nephew sonne to the elder Henry to bee poysoned hauing inuited him to supper for which parricide God suffered that hee himselfe should die of poyson which Manfroy his bastard brother gaue him By these deathes the realmes of Naples and Sicile came by lawfull succession to Conradin brother to Frederic that was poysoned Manfroys parricide sonne to Henry the elder But Manfroy who had gouerned in an others name and tasted the sweet of command resolued then to keepe these realmes for himselfe sending men into Germany to dispatch Conradin if it were possible were it by poison or otherwise in the meane time he held his authority of Lieutenant or Viceroy against the Popes attempts and after a while faigning that Conradin was dead he clad himselfe in mourning and making a great speech in an assembly of the Noblemen and States of the Realme seeming to bee very sorrowfull for the death of his Nephew he perswaded them to choose him King of Naples and Sicile by a generall consent where he raigned thirteene yeeres and the better to maintaine himselfe he made a league with the Venetians and other Potentates of Italy Against whom Pope Vrbain the fourth called out of France Charles brother to Saint Lewis Duke of Anjou Charles of Aniou made king of Naples and Sicile and Earle of Prouence who
of Castille yea in such sort according to the Spanish Histories Renenciation reiterated of the right which the Kings of France comming from Saint Lewis haue to castillle as to take away all occasions of quarrell betwixt them he did againe renounce in fauour of D. Sancho all the right hee had to the Realme of Castille The King of Arragon desirous to come to some accord with the French imployed Edward King of England who vsed great dilligence to reconcile them as we will shew After the conference of Bayone the King D. Sancho returning by Guipuscoa he granted priuiledges for the foundation of Tolouse Segure and Villefranche townes in that country 10 During these broiles the inhabitants of Badajos by meanes of a quarrel betwixt two factions reuolted against the King D. Sancho and imbraced the party of D. Alphonso de la Cerde who intituled himselfe King of Castille The Bejarans and Portugalois factions among the inhabitants of Badajos fel to great contention among themselues for that the Portugalois against all right had vsurped many possessions belonging to the Bejarans through the fauour of the King D. Sancho whereof many complaints beeing made by them that were dispossest the King commanded Iustice should bee done them and that they should bee restored to their goods Tumult at Badaâ—os the which beeing decreed they that were in possession would not obey wherefore the Bajarans hauing taken armes and slaine many of their aduersaries and chased the rest out of the towne they recouered their owne in this manner but the excesse and violence which they vsed was such as fearing to bee seuerely punished as they deserued they seized vpon the high towne and beeing fortefied there they proclaimed D. Alphonso King of Castille and Leon. In the beginning the King D. Sancho sent the Maisters of the Knights of Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara with the priors of Templers and Saint Iohn who wrought in such sort as they retired the Bejarans from their folly with assurance of their liues but afterwards the King neglecting his faith promised by his Lieutenants caused this people to be cruelly murthered to the number of foure thousand sparing neither women nor children for the which he was iustly blamed There was also an other massacre at Talauera Cruelty of the King D. Sancho for the like faction proclayming Don Alphonso de la Cerde for King of Castille whereas one of the ports of the townes is called at this day Quartos for that there were aboue foure hundred of the chiefe inhabitants slaine there The continuall griefe wherein hee was by reasons of these difficulties both at home and abroad made him to commit these outrages contrarie to all reason the which was no signe of magnanimitie besides that the furies if wee may so say by râ—â—son of his impietie and disobedience towardes his father did pursue him In the yeere of our Lord 1291. An. 1291. Queene Mary was brought in bed of her fourth sonne who was named D. Pedro and the warre being now begonne with Arragon the King D. Sancho came to Cuenca and sent good troupes against D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara who spoiled the countries of Cuenca and Alarcon who were defeated and many Ensignes and Guidons carried to Valencia whereas the king of Arragon and D. Diego Lopes de Haro were these with other discontents made the King of fall into a double Quartane which brought him in danger of his life In the meane time the King of Arragon D. Diego Lopes and D. Iohn Nugnes beeing returned to Albarrazin they did ouerrunne the territories of Molina Siguença Atienâ—a Berlanga and Almacan where they committed great spoiles and carried away a great booty finding no resistance D. Iohn Nugnes was fed with hope to recouer Albarrazin The Queene who was come to Cuenca to see the King her husband sicke wrought meanes to winne Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara whom they had often attempted to draw vnto the Kings seruice but hee trusted him not but now hee was perswaded vpon a promise to giue in marriage to his sonne called also D. Iohn Nugnes D. Isabella the heire of Molina and the Queenes Neece the which was performed but hauing his head euer fraught with iealousie and distrust hee was so easily induced to beleeue any aduertisment as hee was still ready to dislodge so as the King beeing at Palença and discontented with D. Nugnes carriage beganne also to distrust him And for that hee had need of captaines hee drew the Infant Don Iohn his brother out of prison in the yeere of our Lord 1291. to imploy him against his rebels hauing caused him to take a new oth to be faithfull vnto him and to his sonne D. Fernand whose hands hee caused them all to kisse as to the heire of the crowne From Palença hee went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and by the way reduced vnder his obedience D. Iohn Alphonso d' Albuquerque a knight of great authority in Gallicia who had beene wonne by D. Iohn Nugnes At his returne to Vailledolit he found that his second sonne D. Alphonso was dead The same yeere a peace was concluded betwixt the Kings of France Arragon Naples and Arragon the Ambassadors of these Princes being assembled with the Popes Noncio at Tarascon at the instance of Edward King of England For the King of Arragon came D. Nugnes Mataplane Bishop of Sarragossa Raymond Anglesol Berenger Puchuert William Lunfort and Bernard william Pinelio all Lawiers who treated and agreed vpon these conditions Peace betwixt France and Arragon That the donation made by Pope Martin to Charles of Valois of the realme of Arragon and the appurtenances should bee voide and of no force paying a tribut of thirty ounces of gold yeerely to the Church of Rome That the Island of Majorca should bee restored to the lawfull Lord vpon condition that hee should acknowledge the King of Arragon for his soueraigne That the Arragonois should depart out of the Island of Sicile and leaue the free possession vnto Charles King of Naples That D. Alphonso King of Arragon should bee at Rome on Whitsonday that present yeere lead an army against the Infidels That he should perswade his brother D. Iames and his mother D. Constance to quit the realm of Sicile or else to make war against them These were the principall Articles of this peace the which the Arragonois held infamous accusing their King of impiety towards his mother and treason to his brother yet it was concluded and signed And for the confirmation thereof the bishop of Sarragossa and Berenger Puchuert went to Rome Some doubt whether the full conclusion thereof were made during the life of King D. Alphonso or at the entrance of the King D. Iames for D. Alphonso died about this treaty as hee made preparation to marry the daughter of Edward King of England called Leonara yet it is likely this peace was made in the life time of King D. Alphonso yea some Authors affirme that
a hundred markes of siluer into plate to giue for new yeeres guifts he augmented the wages and pensions of the gentlemen of his house and other seruants hee honoured the Nobility that liued wel and loued vertue whereof he gaue good testimony when as hee made his good seruant D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcellos with such pompe as the like hath not been seene in Portugal in any age for he had that night from the Monastery of Saint Dominike which was in the place del Rusio vnto the place called Limonero whereas the Kings palace stood Pompe at the Iussiâ—â—tten of the Earle of Barcellos fiue thousand men holding fiue thousand torches by the light whereof they might see many tables couered with bread meat and wine whereas euery man might eate and drinke that list And the King himselfe laying aside his royal ranke and grauity led daunces through the city and by his example the people both of the city and strangers which came thether by water shewed al signes of ioy to honour this new Earle They say that this King taking delight to heare a siluer trumpet sound would then haue a desire to daunce and oftentimes when he could the sleepe he would goe out of his palace in the night and haue daunces in the towne whether his subiects came willingly and did practise it much for the loue of him This King hauing held the Realme some space hee would make a publike declaration in a great assembly of Noblemen what Donna Agnes of Castro had beene vnto him and produced D. Gil Bishop of Guardia and Stephen Louat Maister of his Wardrop for witnesses of their promises of marriage who being publikely examined did sweare that D. Agnes had beene lawful wife to D. Pedro then Infant of Portugal dispensations were shewed which D. Pedro had obtained for affinity or other lets which might hinder this marriage whereof a Register was kept in the publike acts Declaration of the secret marriâ—â—e betwixt the King D. 〈◊〉 D. Agnes of Castâ—o and it was ordained that the children borne of this Lady should bee called Infants of Portugal her body or boanes were transported from Coimbra where they had beene buried to the Monastery of Alcouaça with royal pompe laied in a rich tomble of white marbe whereon her Image was set carrying a crowne like a Queene 11 Such was the Estate of Portugal Nauarre about the time of the warres betwixt the Kings of Castile and Arragon and whilest that D. Charles King of Nauarre was held prisoner in France by the Daulphin his brother in law in safe keeping yet hee found meanes to escape by the helpe of his brother Philip and of Iohn Pinguignac Gouernor of Arthois with other Frenchmen beeing accompanied by D. Roderike of Vrriz D. Corbaran of Leet D. Charles of Artieda D. Fernando of Ayana and by the Baron of Garro who drew him out of the castle of Aleux in Palueil where hee had beene prisoner eighteene monthes which place they scaled by night and slue the captaine and gard This act was much commended especially in Nauarre and in memory of this good seruice done vnto the King the names of those Knights were registred in the chamber of accounts for the Realme of Nauarre What past afterwards betwixt the Daulphin and the King of Nauarre in France I leaue it to the French History to the which it doth properly belong After the returne of Iohn the French King from prison in England Charles King of Nauarre beeing reconciled to him and to the Daulphin his sonne hee went into his Realme of Nauarre hauing had by his wife Queene Ieanne one sonne in the towne of Mante who was also called Charles and succeeded him in the Realme 12 In the meane time the warre continued betwixt Castile and Arragon Arragon and Castile and moreouer the King of Castile as if he would scorne all the world and shew himselfe an enemy to all he encountred had broken with the Venetians and taken one of their ships when as he was before Barcelona with his sea army and not content herewith hee had appointed twenty gallies to gard the Straight and to take twelue other Venetian ships The King of Castile spâ—â—â—s the Venetians at sea in their returne which had past into Flanders but hee was deceiued for the ships comming in consort with a good gale and helpt by the floud they past almost vndescouered Soone after the King had newes that his men had beene defeated neere vnto Moncayo in the fields of Arauiana by the Arragonois where as in old time the seuen sonnes of Lara had beene slaine being led by D. Henry and D. Tello of Castile brethren D. Pedro of Luna D. Iohn Martines of Luna and D. Iohn Fernandes of Heredia who being accompanied with eight hundred horse Arragonois Castillans defeated defeated one thousand and two hundred Castillans In this encounter died D. Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça gouernor of that frontier for the King of Castile vncle to Donna Maria of Padilla D. Fernand Garces Duzio D. Pedro Ruis Osorio Gomes Suares of Figueroa great Commander of Saint Iames and there were taken prisoners D. Inigo Lopes Orosco D. Fernand Ruis of Villaloba D. Iohn Gomes of Bahabou D. Hurtado Diaz of Mendoça and D. Diego Sancho Porras all renowned Knights of Castile whereat the King was much moued but his griefe was moderated by a new sonne which Donna Maria of Padilla brought him in the yeere of our Lord 1360. who was named D. Alphonso by reason whereof he came presently to Tordesillas Being afterwards returned to Seuile he caused D. Garci Aluares of Toledo to be created maister of Saint Iames a Knight which had done him great seruices both in the warre against Arragon and in the seditions of Castille to whom besides this dignity hee gaue the office of Majordomo D. Pedro murthers two other of his brethren or high Steward to his sonne D. Alphonso This yeere continuing his cruelties he caused two other of his brethren to be slaine sonnes to D. Leonora of Guzman D. Iohn and D. Pedro hauing kept them long prisoners in the towne of Caâ—â—mona and they say that hee dispatched them for that hee doubted they would bee no more faithful nor obedient vnto him then their other three brethren D. Iohn was scarce thirteene yeeres old and D. Pedro but foureteene The victorie which the Arragonois had gotten vnder the conduct of D. Henry Earle of Transtamara made the King of Castille more tractable in the negotiation of a peace wherein Cardinal Guy of Bologne the Popes Legat laboured who in the end drew the Deputies of these two Kings to meet in the city of Tudelo in the realme of Nauarre wherewith King Charles was very well satisfied Thether came for the King of Castile Guttieres Fernandes of Toledo and for the King of Arragon D. Bernard of Cabrera chiefe councellor of State and Admiral of Arragon who together with the Legat did conferre and
lands and reuenues to Don Lewis brother to king Charles and to prouide him a wife and to giue fifty thousand florens to vngage certaine townes which king Charles had pawned to Gaston Phebus Earle of Foix his brother-in-law and to intertayne him a certaine number of men against any enemy whatsoeuer namely sixe hundred horse-men of the country of Nauarre if it were against Castile but if it were against France then to entertaine him a thousand and to ayde him at need with all his forces both by sea and land and moreouer he quit vnto him for euer and to remaine to the Crowne of Nauarre Saluatierra and the place called the Terme of Real For assurance of these things which were very honorable for the king of Nauarre he of Arragon promised to lay in deposito the towne of Iacca Vncastilla Sos Exea and Thermael which should be committed to the fidelitie of Raymond Allemand of Ceruillon a knight of Arragon who for this effect should be discharged of his oath of homage and vassailage which he ought vnto the king of Arragon and should sweare fealty to him of Nauarre to deliuer him the places put into his hands if the aboue-mentioned accord should be broken by the king of Arragon The king of Nauarre promised for his part to quit the allyance of the king of Castile and to make warre against him and his children and for his part he layed in pawne the towne and castle of Sanguesse Gallipienço Vxué Aybar Caseda Pitellas and Penna and moreouer the person of Arnaud Lord of Luse his Chamberlaine who was much fauoured by him which articles were sworne at Vncastillo in the presence of the Earles of Transtamara Ribagorça and others whome the Kings commanded to keepe this league secret It was not sufficient for these two Kings to fortifie themselues against the attempts of the king of Castile Diuision of the Realme of Castile before they had conqueredit for their safeties and defence but they would also diuide the Beares skin before they had taken him sharing the Realme of Castile in such sort as the king of Nauarre should haue the cittie of Burgos with all old Castile all the country of the mountaines of Oca vnto the limits of Nauarre and the Ocean sea comprehending therein the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Alan and Biscay and moreouer the townes of Soria and Agreda And for the king of Arragon were assigned the Realmes of Toledo and Murcia They did also conspire the death of Don Pedro king of Castile the king of Arragon offering to him of Nauarre 200000. florens and the proprietie of the townes and castles of Sos Vncastel Exea and Tiermas if he slue him or deliuered him prisoner vnto him and without it hee offered him presently the cittie of Iacca with the territorie and vallies The better to dissemble these practises they ordained that Don Lewis the king of Nauarres brother should make a roade into Arragon but he should suffer himselfe to bee taken prisoner by Don Alphonso Earle of Ribagorça the which was done but Lewis of Nauarre was soone deliuered and the king of Nauarre did so dissemble his intentions as the king of Castile could not discouer any thing This last desseigne was thus plotted betwixt the two kings without the priuitie of any man in regard of Don Henry Earle of Transtamara with whom the king of Arragon had other practises For Don Henry affecting openly the Realme of Castile vppon hope of the fauours which he attended from France promised vnto the king of Arragon that if he assisted him he would giue him to hold in Soueraigntie the sixth part of the lands hee should conquer by his ayde in Castile whereunto the king of Arragon gaue eare being alwaies vniust vnto his brother Don Fernand Marquis of Tortosa to whom the Realme of Castile did belong by right if Don Pedro the cruell died without lawfull heires These bargaines were not so secret but the Infant Don Fernand had some notice thereof for the which he was so transported and made such a stirre as the king of Arragon and the Earle of Transtamara resolued to dispatch him of which councell was Don Bernard of Cabrera the which was soone after executed for the Infant Don Fernand seeing that himselfe was no more secured in Arragon then in Castile Death of Don Fernand of Arragon and therefore desiring to retire himselfe into France the King of Arragon his brother found meanes to stay him and to kill him in the castle of Buriane in the territorie of Valence In the yere 1363. Iohn the French king died being returned into England An. 1363. for to deliuer the hostages which he had giuen not being able to enduce the States of the kingdom to accomplish the capitulations with the English Charles King of Nauarre hearing these newes hee made preparation to passe into France to which Realme Charles the fift his brother in-law had succeeded but this warre of Arragon had so intangled him as hee could not so as his affaires prospered not well on this side the Pyreneé mountaines In the yeare 1364. An. 1364. the two kings of Nauarre and Arragon renewed their league but with some alteration King of Nauar open enemy to the king of Castile the King of Nauarre hauing alreadie discouered himselfe an enemy to the king of Castile To this end they met at Sos where they agreed to continue this warre against Castile and that it should not be lawful for the one to make any peace or truce without the consent of the other That the king of Nauarre should make no accord with the French king but he of Arragon should be comprehended They gaue hostages one vnto another for assurance of their conuentions The king of Arragon gaue his sonne D. Martin and he of Nauarre a son of Lewis his brother and the children of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan of Don Martin Henriques of the Lord of Grammont of Don Bertrand of Gueuara Fernand Gil of Asian Martin Martines of Oriz and of Michel Sanches of Vrsua These articles were sworne by the chiefe knights and townes of either part and for that the summes of mony promised to the king of Nauarre at the capitulation of Vncastello were much augmented it was sayd that the K. of Arragon shold deliuer him 50000. florens presently in Sos and for the rest he should haue deliuered him in pawne the citty of Iacca Sos Vncastello Tiermas and Exea Another priuat accord was made betwixt the king Don Charles and Don Henry of Transtamara in whose hands the hostages should remaine The king of Nauarre promised to enter in person into Castile and there to make warre and to be assured of Don Henry hee would haue in hostage for his part his daughter Donna Leonora who was afterwards Queene of Nauarre and a base sonne of his called Don Alphonso Henriques The Earle promised that if at any time he should get the realme of Castile he would suffer the King
the sonne of Marian the new Iudge of Arborea his father being lately deceased who shewed himselfe a more violent enemie against the Arragonois then his father had beene the which was the more to bee feared for that the Geneuois hauing broken the peace made and confirmed by Iohn Marquesse of Montferrat with the king of Arragon had entred into the Iland of Sardynia and ioyning their forces with them of the Iudge had attempted Pole neere to Cailleri and done many other acts of hostility This yeare 1377. An. 1377. Philip the Hardy Duke of Bougongne went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Galicia passing he visited the king Don Henry at Segobia who receiued him honorably and gaue him many rich presents About the same time D. Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo being dead this great and rich liuing was affected by many by reason whereof the Court of Castile was diuided into factions euery one fauouring his kinsman or friend that aspired to this dignitie not to be Ministers of the word of God and to instruct the people in Christian Religion but to be worldly great rich and mighty companions to Kings and commanders ouer armies according to the custome of that age The King Don Henry did much fauour D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Bishop of Siguença whose sister D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan had married Vpon this election where there were so many pretendants D. Iohn Ramires thinking he had need of the Popes fauor and authoritie went to Auignon well accompanied with Noblemen his friends and kinsmen but he did not obtaine that which he pretended for Pope Gregorie the eleuenth then raigning declared Don Pedro Tenorio Bishop of Coimbra Arch-bishop of Toledo Thus these Pretendants lost this rich bootie which they expected much vnlike vnto Don Martin Martines of Calaorra Arch-deacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who beeing chosen some yeares before by the Chapter and a generall consent to bee Bishop of Calaorra hee excused himselfe and would not accept of this dignitie which is one of the richest and of greatest iurisdiction in Spaine next to Toledo Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan returning by Cattelogne hee was desirous to kisse the king of Arragons hands beeing at Barcelona whither came the Vicount of Rueda who in the kings presence accused Don Iohn Ramires of certaine crimes offering him the combate if hee should deny it Don Iohn Ramires regarding his honour accepted of this challenge for the performance whereof the King of Arragon assigned ninetie dayes at which time Don Iohn should present himselfe to the combate or else they would proceede against him according to the lawes and orders of combats Don Iohn Ramires returned in the meane time into Castile and made relation vnto the King Don Henry how he had beene challenged and that he must present himselfe in Arragon at the day appointed wheeras his enemie was much fauoured by the king Don Pedro the which the king of Castile hauing well considered and fearing that Don Iohn Ramires whome he loued deaâ—ely for his integritie and vertues should receiue some indignitie in a countrie where he was not beloued he resolued to send a gentleman to the King of Arragon to let him vnderstand that no man liuing was better acquainted then himselfe with the qualities and conditions of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan and how that he had carried himselfe like a Knight of honour in all his actions euen when hee was Chamberlaine to the same king of Arragon and employed by him in the warre against Don Pedro king of Castile wherefore he intreated him to cause this appeale made by the Vicount to cease whereof the King seeking to excuse himselfe the Ambassador replyed Sir Ambassadors speech to the King of Arragon seeing it is your pleasure that this combate shall be fought vnderstand that the King of Castile my Lord is resolued to send at the time you haue appointed three thousand Lances to accompanie Don Iohn Ramires to the end that hee may be no way inferiour neither for the safetie of his person nor for support vnto his aduersarie seeing that the quarrell must be decided in a strange Countrie where as the Prince shewes himselfe partiall The King Don Pedro taking these words in ill part fell into a great dispute with this Gentleman who made him a discreet answer wherefore fearing that this might kindle a new fire betwixt Castile and Arragon after much consultation hee commanded the Vicount to desist from his challenge declaring that Don Iohn Ramires was a good Knight Thus past the affaires betwixt Castile and Arragon in the yeare 1376. At which time Don Charles Infant of Nauarre Nauarre beeing desirous to visite the Court of France did so importune the King his father as hee got leaue from the which hee was much disswaded by the King of Castile his father-in-law Detentiâ—n of the Prince of Nauarre who assuredly knew what reasons the French King had to hate the King of Nauarre For besides that hee had perswaded him to leaue and abandon the league of France and to adhere vnto the English as wee haue before shewed hee had since ingaged and deliuered vnto them the Towne of Cherbourg in Normandy and entertained many practises to the preiudice and discommoditie of France whereof the French King was particularly aduertised Notwithstanding all this the Infant Don Charles went on his intended and determined iourney presuming that hee had not offended any way the King his Vncle and that he would not make any question vnto him concerning the controuersies and oppositions which were betwixt him and his father and that whatsoeuer should happen beyond his expectation hee would retire himselfe to those places which the king his father had in the confines of Normandie and not approch neere the Court without promise of assurance With this resolution hee left Nauarre very well attended on with a companie of gentlemen and men of councell among the which were Baldwin Belloferant Captaine of many places in Normandy belonging to the king of Nauarre the which he held by homage Iames of Rue a knight and Chamberlaine to the king the Seigneur of Ortubia Captaine of the Infants Guard a Basque by nation within two leagues of Fontaraby Peter of Estampes a Doctor of Diuinity and Councellour to the king with diuers others The French king beeing aduertised before-hand of this voyage as soone as they were entred into France he caused Iames of Rue to be taken who was found seazed of certaine papers and instructions which did much augment the iealousie of the French being put to the racke he confest that the king his master had plotted with the English and that he had charge to say vnto the King of England that if he wold promise the duchy of Guienne to the king of Nauar and entertaine him 2000. lances he would make warre against the French and employ all his forces of Nauarre and of his lands in Normandie and other places whereupon he was put into
set on fire and burnt the king but howsoeuer hee ended his daies in great sicknesse at Pampelona in the yeare 1386 the fiue and fortith yeare of his raigne hauing raigned 73. His body was interred in the Cathedral church of that cittie where the heart of the Queene his wife lyes who dyed in France in the yeare 1378. his bowels were buried at Saint Maries of Ronceuaux and his heart at S. Maries of Vxue The same yeare he dyed his daughter Ieanne was first married to Iohn of Montfort Duke of Brittany by whom she had foure sonnes and three daugthers and afterwards to Henry King of England Before his death he pacified the seditions which they of Pampelona had raised among themselues causing the authors to be punished among which one of the chiefe was called Andrew of Turilles who was executed Charles the 3. of the name the 31. King of Nauarre THis Charles succeeded to the Realme of Nauarre beeing called the Noble for his bountie affabilitie and other vertues which made him to be esteemed by all Christian Princes his neighbours and generally beloued of all men Hee was 25. yeares old when he came to the Crowne At the decease of his father he ws at Pennafiel in Castile with the King D. Iohn his brother-in-law of whom he tooke his leaue with infinit teares vppon the receit of these newes And such was the loue of singular affection which the k. of Castile bare him as from the beginning of his raigne he granted him full restutution of the townes and castles of Tudele S. Vincent Viana Guarda Estella Miranda Larraga and other places which were in depositâ— since the last pacification made with Don Henry king of Castile although the ten yeares capitulated were not yet expired moreouer he forgaue him 20000. doublons of gold which had beene lent to the decease king his father and did discharge him of the promise of two thousand pounds sterling which he had made for the libertie of Perlas of Tortui an Englishman beeing prisoner in Castile Such and greater was the bountie of D. Iohn king of Castile to Charles the third king of Nauarre his brother-in-law and likewise to the Queene D. Leonora his sister and to their daugthers who were at that time in Castile and moreouer hee caused the king to bee accompanied into his Realme by the chiefe of his Nobility who beeing come to Pampelona King of Nauar during the schism adheres to the Pope of Auignon and there receiued with great pompe and ioy by the Estates of the Realme the first act he did for the gouernment thereof was to resolue with his subiects and Councellors to adhere to Pope Clement the 7. remaining at Auignon and to reiect Vrbane the sixt as the kings of France of Castile had done yet with this protestation that hee would not separate himselfe from the holy Apostolike church but obey that which shold be decreed by a generall Councel concerning the Schisme Then he sought the allyance of neighbor Princes sending ambassadours vnto them especially into Arragon where he made a league with the duke of Girone the heire of Arragon and treated the marriage of Donna Ieanne his elder daugther with D. Iames eldest sonne to the Duke of Girone haunig an intent to vnite the crowne of Nauarre to that of Arragon for that hee had no sonnes but this marriage tooke no effect In the beginning of the yeare 1387. Genealogie of Nauarre Queene Leonora his wife fell into a long and languishing sicknesse which bred much trouble betwixt them He had by her these children following D. Ieanne the eldest who was wife to Iohn of Foix sonne to Archambault D. Maria who dyed a virgin at Pampelona D. Blanche who was Queene of Sicily and Nauarre D. Beatrix Countesse of Marche wife to Iames of Bourbon and D. Izabella who dyed also a mayd After these fiue daugthers they had Don Charles their sonne who dyed a child and Don Lewis which liued but sixe moneths These be the lawfull children of the king Don Charles the third He had out of marriage one sonne called Godfrey of Nauar who was Marshall of the Realme and Earle of Cortes and one daugther named Donna Ieanne of Nauarre who was married to Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes of Estuniga Of these children mention is made in this kings testament the which is in the Cathedrall church of Pampelona in the which his breethren are also named Peter Earle of Mortaing and Leon a Bastard and Donna Maria also a Bastard married to the Earle of Denia In the yeare 1387. the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal beeing hote the French troupes led by Lewis Duke of Bourbon to the succour of King Iohn past through Nauarre where they were furnished with all necessaries by King Charles who after their retreat and accord made by the king of Castile with the Duke of Lancaster hee came to Calaorra as we haue sayd to reioyce with the King Don Iohn for this pacification Returning to the treatie of this warre we say that the Princesse Catherine hauing followed her father into Guienne Castile was after a new confirmation of the accord sent by him to Fontaraby and there deliuered to the Prelates and Noblemen deputed by the king of Castile to receiue her who conducted her to Palence where the marriage betwixt her and the Prince D. Henry was solemnized he being but ten yeares old and shee nineteene The Dutchesse of Lancaster mother to the Princesse past afterwards into Spaine and came to the king D. Iohn her cousin at Medina del campo whome among other presents she gaue a rich Crowne of gold saying that the duke her husband had caused it to be made hoping to be crowned king of Castile but seeing they were agreed otherwise then he expected it was his due and therefore she presented it vnto him The king receiued it with great ioy and required the Dutchesse with other gifts of price putting her in possession of the townes promised by the accord whereunto he added Huete The Dutchesse past afterwards to Guadalajara hauing had a promise of an enterview betwixt the king and the Duke of Lancaster her husband at Fontaraby or Bajone The king stayd not long to come to Victoria for this meeting and the Dutchesse went before the draw her husband to Fontaraby but he excused himselfe by reason of his apparent indisposition and vpon the sharpenesse of the winter which made the passage of S. Adrian difficult D. Pero Lopes of Ayala Bishop of Osma and Fernand of Illesca were sent vnto him from the king to whome he propounded an allayance which he desired to make betwixt Castile and England and to induce the King D. Iohn to quit that of France whereof the ambassadors excused their master The interview being hindred by this occasion the king D. Iohn came to Segobia to giue order for the warre of Portugal which had beene somewhat quenched since the duke of Lancasters retreat for
him little for besides that the French King was not counselled to yeeld vp the places which he held especially in Normandy the friendshippe which the King of Nauarre had with the English was suspect and odious vnto him although this amity were not preiudiciall to the French but rather a Neutrality to the end they might liue in peace then a league Seing therefore that hee was not wellcome hee returned presently into Nauarre from whence soone after he sent the Cardinall of Pampelone who had retyred himselfe into Nauarre after that hee had endured many miseries in Auignon for Pope Benedict He vsed such dilligence and fit meanes as he made the French King and his councell willing to giue recompence to the King of Nauarre for his lands wherefore he was constrained to repasse the Pyrenees againe In the meane time died Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittaine husband to Ioane sister to this King Charles of Nauarre who had by her husband foure children Iohn who was duke Richard Arthur and Gyles This Princesse was afterwards married to Henry of Lancaster King of England fourth of that name he who depriued his cousin Richard of the crowne by him she had not any children Charls King of Nauarre hauing caused his sonne Charles to be sworne his heire by the Estates of his realme he married D. Ioanne his eldest daughter to Iohn the eldest sonne of Archambaud who had succeeded in the county of Foix and Bearn but the death of Mathew of Castelbon his second daughter called Donna Maria died a Virgin and as for the third Mary Queene of Sicile being a little before dead who by her testament had left this realme to D. Martin her husband sonne to D. Martin King of Arragon he thought to make her Queene of Sicile and to marry her to this young D. Martin being a widower He therefore sent his Ambassadors to the King of Arragon to this effect who was very well pleased and yeelded to the marriage although they had offred him many other marches for his sonne D. Martin King of Sicile and that the Sicilians did what they could to make him incline to a marriage with Ioane sister to Ladislaus King of Naples The accord was made betwixt the King of Arragon Marriage of D. Martin King of Sicile and D. Bâ—ancâ— of Nauarre and the Ambassadors both of Nauarre and Sicile amongst which was Peter Serra Cardinal of Cartanea at a place called Altuâ—a in the Realme of Valencia in the yeere of our Lord 1401. where it was concluded that the King of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter a hundred thousand florins of the stampe of Arragon whereof forty thousand in hand and threescore thousand at a certaine time for the which he should giue in pawne the townes and castles of Arguedas Santa Cato Murillo and Gallipienço the King of Arragon should binde for her dowry the townes and castles of Sos Saluaterra Vncastillo and Rueste And for that they were somewhat allied by affinity there should be a dispensation procured from Benedict For confirmation and execution of these things the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre had an enterview vpon the confines of their Realmes betwixt Cortes and Mallen where they did sweare what had beene concluded With the King of Nauarre did sweare D. Lionel of Nauarre his brother D. Charles of Beaumont chiefe Standard-bearer D. Martin of Lacarra Marshal D. Francis of Villa Espeça Chancellor of the realme Iohn Ruys of Ayuar superintendant of the treasure and D. Martin of Olloaqui prior of Saint Iohn with others In like manner did many noblemen and prelats for the King of Arragon This don the King of Arragon was conducted to Cortes where hauing beene royally feasted by the King of Nauar the Infanta D. Blanch was deliuered vnto him a Princesse of excellent beauty whom he led into his country hauing prepared a fleet at Valencia he sent her into Sicile to the King D. Martin his son vnder the charge of D. Martin of Cabrera a Knight of Cattelogne in 1402. This Lady was in the end Queene of Nauarre for soone after the content of this marriage followed a discontent for the death of D. Lewis the second son to the King of Nauar being but sixe months old and not long after that of D. Charls his eldest Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre which two Infants are buried in the Cathedral church at Pampelone and D. Blanch suruiued her eldest sister D. Ioane The crowne of Nauarre fell then to the succession of daughters and the King caused D. Ioane his eldest daughter to be againe sworne heire of the realme with her husband D. Iohn of Foix. This same yeere the Episcopal sea of Pampelone was voide by the death of Cardinal Martin of Salua bishop of that city who had past the age of 66. yeeres in great trouble and paine to maintaine the party of Pope Benedict in Auignon D. Michel of Salua his Nephew obtained the Bishoprike after him who was afterwards made Cardinal by Pâ—pe Benedict in following of whom he died two yeeres after at Monaco The King of Nauarre being the third time called in France his voiage was then more proffitable vnto him then at the precedent for he obtained of king Charles the sixt the Lordship of Neâ—oâ—rs the which was erected to a Dutchy and moreouer twelue hundred pounds starling of yeerely rent to be taken out of the reuenues of Bry and Champagne with a good summe of ready money for all pretensions and rights the which he renounced seeing he could not doe otherwise Title of Earle of Eureuâ— ceaseth in the house of Nauaâ—re and taks that of duke of Nemours in respect whereof the title of Earle of Eureux ceased in the house of Nauarre taking that of Duke of Nemours The towne of Cherbourg in Normandy held in the King of Nauarres name by the Marshal D. Martin Henriques was by this accord deliuered to the French all letters and expeditions being ended the King D. Charles returned into Nauarre an other way for he past by Languedoc and Cattelogne where he visited the King D. Martin at Lerida with great content and pleasure to these two Princes allied Passing from thence by Sarragossa he came into his country where afterwards he gaue himselfe to building in many places yea two sumptuous pallaces one in Tafalla the other in Olite the which now fall to ruine Buildings of Charles the 3. King of Nauarre for want of reparations especially that of Olite where the Marshalls of Nauarre were accustomed to lodge and the Spaniards say that he had intent to make a paued causey and couered to passe at all times without discommodity from one of these places to the other being but a little league distant The bridge of Estella vpon the riuer of Ega was this Kings worke who for that he had liued in continuall peace had store of treasure to imploy in such buildings During his aboad in France there had beene some
Nauarre by Scalado being two leagues from Logrogno the castle held out and cost many good mens liues on either side and beeing fortefied with new succors sent from the King of Nauarre they made furious and bloudy sallies vpon their enemies who held the towne but in the end they were so prest by the Bishop and the Earle of Ledesma as they did capitulate to yeeld if by a day prefixt they were not releeued by the King their Lord during the which there should be a cessation of armes and if there came any succors the beseeged should bee bound to aduertise the Bishop that hee might doe as hee pleased This accord being made the captaine of the place beseeged made a mine vnder ground by the which he drew into the castle a great number of souldiars which the King of Nauarre had sent him vpon the aduertisment of the capitulation The time beeing ready to expire the captaine aduertised the Bishop that the succors were arriued and at that instant he opened the mine in the midest of the place from whence issued great numbers of souldiars of Nauarre who beganne to charge the Castillans which caused a great confusion amongst them and did much trouble the Bishop yet beeing madde with this treachery they put themselues in defence and repulst the Nauarrois into the castle ditch hauing lost many good men of either side This hauing not succeeded so happely as the Nauarrois expected their victuals fayling them by little and little they abandoned the fort So La Garde both towne and castle remained in the King of Castiles power The Queene D. Leonora mother to the Princes of Arragon sorrowful for so many ruines being old and wholy giuen to deuotion lyuing at Medina del Campo Garde taken by the Castillans in her Monastery of St. Iohn de las Duegnas was not exempt from the discommodities of this war for the King of Castile suspecting that she fauored her children caused her to be shut vp in Santa Clara of Tordisillas Lâ—onora Queene of Arragon restrâ—ined by the King of Castile and put garrisons in her houses of Montalban Vruegna and Tyedra and would haue done as much at Castro Xeris and Saldagne but the Earle found meanes to exempt himselfe and yet the King was not very well pleased with him The court being in Astudillo there came an Ambassador from Iohn Earle of Foix father to Gaston who afterwards married Leonara the heire of Nauarre who bâ—sought the King of Castile that he would bee pleased that the Earle his master might imploy himselfe to make a peace betwixt him and the Kings of Nauar and Arragon to whom the King of Castile answered that he did thanke the Earle of Foix for his good will but there was no meanes of a peace On the other side the Earle of Armaignac an enemy to the King of Nauarre and the Earle of Foix hauing giuen all the hindrance hee could towards Gascony that no succors should passe out of France to the King of Nauarre for the which he had beene at great charge hee sent to intreat the King of Castile to reâ—bourse him to whom were paied ten thousand florins of gold This yeere D. Pedro of Velasco Generall vpon the frontier of Nauarre was created Earle of Haro The King being at Burgos had newes that the Infant D. Pedro ouerrunnning the country about Zamora had taken the castle of Alua de Lista and passing afterwards to Osma which was the Rendezvous for the army of Castile there came vnto him a Franciscan friar confessor to Donna Blanch Queene of Nauarre whom they called Archbishop of Tyre Peter of Perault chiefe Steward to the King of Nauarre and Ramir Deane of Tudelo councellor to the King Ambassadors for the King of Nauarre and for him of Arragon D. Dominike Bishop of Lerida D. Raymond of Perillos and William of Vigue Knights sent to treat and conclude a peace at what price soeuer The difficulties were ver great and they were forced to send backe some of the Ambassadors to the two brethren Kings and in the meane time the army marched but the reasons and propositions of the Ambassadors were in the end admitted and a truce was accorded at Majano for fiue yeeres both by sea and land betwixt the King of Castile and D. Henry his sonne Prince of Asturia's Truce betwixt the King of 〈◊〉 and the King of Arragon and Nauarre on the one part and D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iohn King of Nauarre D. Blanch his wife and D. Charles Prince of Viana their sonne on the other part into which truce there entred for the King of Castile the Earle of Armaignac and for the two Kings brethren the Earle of Foix. It was also agreed that D. Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes brother in law to King Iohn who had followed the party of Castile should not be troubled nor molested in the perception of his goods nor otherwise This Knight staied long in Castile and did the King good seruice in his warres against the Moores the like assurance was graunted in regard of the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro and to iudge of the differences during the truce there were seuen persons named for Nauarre and Arragon and seuen for Castile whose seat should be at Tarassone and Agreda alernatiuely Thus ended the warre betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon to the great preiudice of the King of Nauarre for he was dispossest of all the lands he had in Castile and moreouer of the towne of Garde in Nauar. During these treaties D. Frederic Duke of Arjone died a prisoner at Pegnafiel whose Dutchy and Estates were giuen to D. Frederic of Arragon Death of the Duke of Arioâ—e Earle of Luna There were also restored vnto Queen Leonora her houses castles and she was set liberty and freed from the Monastery of Santa Clara of Tordesillas at the intreaty of the King of Portugal to whom the King of Castile sent the proceedings against her foure sonnes the King and Infants of Arragon and their offences to the end that she might see what reason he had to confiscate their lands The same yeere King Iohn of Castile was sollicited to make a league of friendship with the English but he excused himselfe touching the league beeing loath to doe any thing to the preiudice of the King and Realme of France an ancient friend and confederate to the crowne of Castile sending backe the Ambassadors with a discreet and friendly answere and soone after hauing sent D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorgo to the King of England hee concluded a truce betwixt Spaine and England for one yeere At the same time beeing sought vnto by the King of Granado to continue peace and friendship betwixt them the said Moorish King offring him all the force of Granado to serue him at his will he gaue him thankes for the offer and by an Ambassador which hee sent expresly to Granado to conclude some truce he descouered the Estate
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
enemies as entring into the suburbes they made a pittifull slaughter of all those which could not soone enough get into the city against the which the cannon beeing planted the flankes and curtines were soone ouerthrowne and infinite numbers of houses perced thorow so as the Moores fearing to bee sooner forced by the enemies then succoured by their friends yeelded themselues and went forth of the towne with bagge and baggage Illora yeeldeth to King Fernand and without their armes The King gaue the garrison of Illora to Don Gonçalo Hernandes de Cordoua brother to Don Alphonso d'Aguilar who was afterward surnamed the great captaine The army after that marched to Moclin whether Queene Isabella came to ioyne with the campe at Loxa The towne had beene newly fortified with towers and bulwarkes more then in former times but the battery was made with such store of ordinance as nothing could resist it the Christians besides did vse diuers kindes of artificiall fiers the which did great hurt to the beseeged and burnt all their store of gunpoulder by meanes of a pot of this wild fire which flew in the ayre and did stick fast in a tower where the said poulder lay which was blowne vp into the ayre wherewith the Moores being amazed Moclin taken they did compound to depart with their liues and goods saued Moclin being taken part of the army was sent to beate Montefrio they were the troupes of Siuill Xeres and Carmona whilest the King with the residew thereof made spoile vpon the confines of Granado not without diuers incounters and sharpe skirmishes with the Moores who came forth of the head city The King being returned to Moclin the captaines of Montefrio and Colomera presented themselues vnto him demanding composition which was granted them and the Moores went forth of those two places to Granado with their goods but they left their armor weapons and victuals behind them All these places which were taken were rampired and fortified with good garrisons victuals and other necessaries and hauing left D. Frederike de Toledo sonne to D. Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua captaine generall of the who country newly conquered the King and Queene returned to Cordoua Not long after they marched towards Leon to order the affaires of Galicia which was greatly troubled by the insolency of the Earle of Lemos who neuerthelesse appearing before the Kings did humbly craue his pardon and obtained it being fauoured by diuers great Lords of the Court Hee was notwithstanding enioyned not to enter into Galicia for a certaine time and the places of Ponferrada Sarria and Castro-real were taken from him and were applied to the crowne the Kings neuerthelesse giuing a certaine summe of money for the marriage of his aunts The Hospitall of Saint Iameâ— built by King Fernand and Queene Isabel for the releese of pilgrims These things thus ordered the Kings went to visit Saint Iames his Church in the which city they builded a goodly Hospitall for the releefe of the poore and of pilgrims from thence fetching a circuit round about the country of Galicia they redressed diuers tyranies which were there committed restoring diuers monasteries and Churches which were by force dispossessed of their goods lands and reuenewes by certaine Knights and Gentlemen To containe whom and all others in their duties they established a Iudgement seate of foure Auditors which was the beginning of the Royall Audience of Galicia and they confirmed Don Diego Lopes Earle of Haro in his dignity of Viceroy of the country as he had beene in time before And the better to procure the peace of the countrey Mâ—tinous and quaâ—re some 〈◊〉 sent forth of the Country vnder coâ—tlar of other imployment they caused diuerse strong houses to be ouer-throwne and razed to the ground which serued for the repaire of theeues and robbers and carried away with them out of Galicia diuerse mutinous and quarrellous Gentlemen to the end they should employ their strength and courage in the warre against the Moores The Court beeing returned to Benauent the Earle shewed himselfe very liberall and magnificent in the entertainment of the Kings and the great Lords from thence they came to Salamanca where they spent the remainder of this yeare 1486. It hapned this yeare in the towne of Trugillo that the Iudge or Corrigidor of the place hauing laide hands vpon a Priest for committing some notorious crime and not sending him so one enough to his ordinary Iudge Mutiny vnder shâ—w of religion the prisoners kins folke hauing taken a Crosse in their hands ranne vp and downe the Citty crying out for helpe and said that the holy Catholicke faith was trodden vnder foote the which did so stirre vp the brutish multitude as they ranne to take Armes and came in tumultuous manner to the Corrigidors lodging who was glad to make hast to deliuer the prisoner whereof the King and Queene had notice who were greatly displeased with such seditions and sent certaine Iudges and Commissioners to Trugillo with forces who executed diuerse of the mutiners according to lawe This yeare Christopher Colombus borne at Cugurco vpon the riuer of Genoa came to the Court of Castile The first comming of Christopher Colombus to the King and Queene of Castile who made offer to search the Occidentall Ocean where hee did vndertake to discouer a great land riche and aboundant in gold and other commodities crauing ayde of the King and Queen of money and shippes to furnish him out on such a voyage Colombus was a man very expert in Nauigation and vntill that time hee had gotten his liuing by making Sea Cardes Hee beeing married and dwelling in the Isle of Madera a shippe of Biscay which had for many dayes beene driuen vp and downe by tempests and cast vpon the same coasts whereof hee did then speake did happen to arriue in the Island Colombus brought the Pilot thereof and three other Marriners home to his house who hauing endured much misery at sea did there dye and in recompence of their kinde entertainment they did amply informe their hoast whereabout these lands lay and with what windes a man might saile thether Colombus being a man of a quick apprehension and great courage came to King Iohn of Portugall hoping to perswade him to vndertake that Nauigation offering him his seruice therein and after that to King Henry the seauenth of England in the end to Don Henriques de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and to Don Lewis de la Cerde Duke of Medina Celi who held commodious Hauens in Castile beseeching them to ayde him in so worthy an enterprise but all his trauaile was to no purpose for they esteemed him as an Italian who by bragges and vaunts of matters which hee knew not endeuoured to releeue his pouerty Now this yeare hee came to Court with letters from Frier Iohn Peres de Marchena one excellently learned in all humane learning who dwelt at Rauida which gaue good testimony of Colombus
Castile at the same time vnder color of defending and vpholding the Constable D. Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and who had taken certaine townes he delt in such sort Castillans spoile the Realme of Nauarr. as he perswaded him to go with him to Valencia to king Fernand where being arriued the Lord of Albret beeing welcomed and kindly entreated did beseech the King to accept of the desire he had to do him seruice in stead of the effect for so much as he was a poore Knight vniustly expelled from his countrie by the French King who was mooued against him Amand of Albret 〈◊〉 the K of Castile to war vpon K. Charles the eight and Iohn of Albret his sonne whose person with his kingdome of Nauarre hee came to offer vnto him requesting him to receiue them into his protection and also that he had commission to make the like request for the Dukes Francis of Brittaine and Lewis of Orleance poursued and afflicted by the same King Charles each of whom promised him seruice and ayde for the recouerie of his Earledome of Rossillon and in all other occasions King Fernand sauoues Amand of Alâ—ret against King Charles The Lord of Albrets speech was fauourably and attentiuely heard by King Fernand who graunted all that which hee demaunded in the behalf of the king his son commanding Iohn de Ribera to restore to him or his Lieutenants Viana with all the rest of the places which he held in the Realme of Nauar. And did moreouer giue order for the rigging forth of an army by sea in Guipuscoa and Biscay against the French King for the aide of the aboue-named Princes who had likewise sollicited Henry the seuenth King of England to take their part who inclined thereunto so as a great number of Spanish shippes did lye vppon the coasts of Brittaine whose Admirall was Monsieur Gralla with whom Alain of Albret returned and an armie out of England was likewise sent conducted by the Lord Scales to the hurt of the French-men who by meanes of a victorie obtained by K. Charles or his Lieutenants K. Charles his victorie at S. Aubin at S. Aubin did deliuer themselues from all danger the D. of Orleance and Monsieur Gralla being taken prisoners the Lord of Albret escaped and the D. of Brittaine died for griefe of mind leauing two daughters Anne the eldest albeit that she was promised to Maximilian King of the Romains who was of the D. of Orleance faction was won by King Charles to be his wife who was desirous by such a marriage to vnite the Dutchie of Brittaine to his Crowne And because he was betrothed to Margueritâ— of Austria daughter to the king of the Romaines who beeing very young was brought vp in France in hope of the future marriage he sent her home againe and she was afterwards married to Prince Iohn of Castile The Bretons euer hating the French gouernment The Britons oppose themselues against the French King keeping their Princesse in the Castle of Nantes made new practises with the Kings of Castile and England and obtained great ayde from both of them Don Diego Peres Sarmjento Earle of Salinas beeing Generall of the Spanish Armie on the coast of Brittaine with Don Pero Carillo de Albornos and other renowned Captaines hauing two hundred men at armes and great numbers of footmen Crosbowes Pikes and Harquebuziers who were called in those dayes Espingardiers King Charles in the meane time came with a mighty Armie and besieged Nantes and by intelligence with some hee obtained the Citty Castle and the Dutchesse whom hee married in the yeare 1489. and made her French Queene making himselfe Maister of her inheritance in despight of the Britons This faire and gratious Princesse Anne was daughter to Dutchesse Marguerite and grand-child to Queene Leonar of Nauarre as hath beene already said and coosin germaine to Queene Catherine of Nauarre of whom we now treate Wee will now returne to the Kings of Castile Castile After the assembly of the states of the Realme of Valencia at Orihuela where diuerse ancient customes were reformed and many notable orders receiued and established they came to Murcia with an intent to warre vpon the Moores from that part There did Don Frederick de Toledo Captaine of the Kings guards Death of Don Garcy Aluares and of D Aluarode Estuniga aske leaue to visit Don Garcy Aluares de Toledo his father who lay deadly sick in wose dignities to wit the Dutchie of Alua the Marquisat of Coria and Earledome of Barco his sonne succeeded him This yeare likewise dyed Don Aluaro d' Estuniga Duke of Playsance leauing his sonne of the same name successor in his Dutchie The Bishop of Astorga likewise dyed in whose place Bernardin de Caruajall was substituted who was afterward Cardinall of the Sea of Rome of the title of the holy Crosse. The companies from all parts of the kingdome made their Rendez-vous at Lorca whether King Ferdinand marched hauing in his company the Duke of Albuquerque the Marquis of Cales the Earles of Lemos Saint Steeuens Castro Cabra Montagu Buendia and Don Henry Henriques the great Maister Don Pero Lopes de Padilla Captaine of the frontiers of Castile Don Iohn Chacon Captaine of the frontier of Murcia and others The Army beeing ready to march the Marquis of Cales and the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia leading the foreward marched against the Cittie of Vera the inhabitants whereof who were Moores beeing assured that they came towards them Vera yeelded by composition would not fall into the like mischiefe as those of Malaga wherefore they sent out before to the Marquis offering to yeeld their Citty to King Ferdinand if hee were there in person wherefore the King made hast and the Citty submitted vnto him on condition that their liues liberties and goods might bee saued with promise to liue in their religion in the next townes or else where they should thinke good Garcy Laso de la Vega Maister of the Kings Hall was made Gouernor of Vera. Diuers others strong townes and castles on those marches beeing mooued by the reports of the Kings clemency and fearing likewise their great power sent their Alfaquins or wise Councellors and deputies Places yeelded to the King and Queene of Castile to offer them obedience and tribute as they were accustomed to pay to the Moore Kings and namely the two Velez the white and the redde Muxicar Cueuas Telefique Huescar and Porchena Tabara Alborca Serena Torilla Monjacar Tabernas and Benamaruel the inhabitants of which places and diuers others made themselues Mudejares or vassals to king Ferdinand and Queene Isabell keeping their ceremonies and sect The Armie after this marched towards Almerie the which towne was then onely lookt vpon by certaine light skirmishes with the Moores of the garrison then part of the army marched on forward within the view of Baça where King Muley Boabdelin was then in person who came forth with certaine troopes of
Ioane king of Castille for the gouernment touching the gouernement of Castille Leon Granado and other the hereditarie lands of the deceased queene D. Isabella and for the which king Philip had sent embassadors into Spaine it was conculded that the kings D. Ferdinand D. Philip and D. Ioane should bee all three gouernours and that all letters should bee dispacht in their name whereupon their armes and Ensignes were againe set vp according to the ancient custome and this accord was proclaimed in the Citie of Salamanca on Twelfe day and soone after the kings D. Philip and D. Ioane parted from Flanders with many Ships D. Philip D. Ioan driuen into England by a storme who were suddenly dispersed by a violent storme and many of them driuen into diuers parts of England That wherein the kings were and two other ships came to Hampton where they caused some alteration in the towne the inhabitants fearing they had beene enemies but being knowne they did them honour as was fit for so great Princes Many knights and men of experience of their traine persuaded them not to land foreseeing that which did happen but king Philip hauing beene extreamely sicke and seeing the queene and noblemen which did accompany him in the same estate would not beleeue them but was the first who leaping into a boate caused himselfe to bee carried to land It being bruted abroad that a storme had driuen the kings of Castille vpon that coast a knight whose name was Thomas Trenchard hauing his house there nere adioyning came to doe him reuerence offring him his lodging with other commodities and entertained him vntill that king Henry the seuenth then raigning was aduertised by messengers sent in post then many men drewe thither in armes with a captaine called Iohn Carew who in the company of Thomas Trenchard besought king Philip not to depart out of England vntill that hee had seene their king who was his friend Then did king Philip find that hee had erred in not beleeuing the counsell of his followers and the queene more who notwithstanding carryed this crosse couragiously wherefore seeing that this intreatie was a commandement and that hee must obey it hee staied alleaging in vaine that his voyage was verie hastie with much other excuses Soone after there arriued many English noblemen who conducted them with great honour to the castle of Windsore whereas king Henrie attended them There king Philip was required by the king of England King of EnglaÌ„d forceth king Philip to deliuer him the duke of Suffolke to deliuer vnto him Edmond de la Poole duke of Suffolke his Competitor who was then a prisoner in the castle of Namur and so great was his desire to haue this duke as forgetting the lawes of hospitality and the friendship which princes allyes should beare one vnto another hee forced the king of Castille notwithstanding all excuses to giue him the duke vpon a promise that hee should not put him to death whereupon men were sent into Flanders to fetch this poore duke In the meane time king Henrie led his guests to London where hee entertained them with great and stately feasts and royall sports and the prisoner being arriued they had libertie to depart at their pleasures So as these kings hauing renewed the league with the king of England they imbarked and continued their voyage towards Spaine In the meane time Germaine the new queene of Arragon came to Duegnas Marriage of the king of Arragon with Germaine of Foix. wheras king Ferdinand came and married her There passed many noblemen of the realm of Naples of the Angeuin faction with her out of France into Spaine who soone after did accompany the king D. Ferdinand to Naples After the consummation of the marriage the king led the queene his wife to Vailledolit and there leauing her with D. Ioane his sister the old queene of Naples and one of her daughters hee went to Burgos to receiue the kings D. Philip and D. Ioane thinking that they had landed at Laredo or some other place of Biscaie but it fell out otherwise for they tooke port at Corunna or the Groine in Galicia whereof king Ferdinand being aduertised hee tooke the way to Leon and then to Torquemada to goe and meete his sonne in law and his daughter 5 At that time there dyed in Vailledolit the admirall Christopher Columbus the discouerer of the Indies Death of Christopher Columbus whose body was carryed to Seuile and was buried in the monasterie de las Cuenas of the Cartusiens To him his sonne Diego Columbus succeeded in the Admiraltie of the Indies who marryed D. Maria of Toledo daughter to D. Ferdinand of Toledo great Commander of Leon hee left another Sonne called D. Ferdinand Colomibus who was neuer married Among many deeds worthie of commendation of this Admirall D. Diego Colombus hee gathered together in the citie of Seuile Library gathered together by Diego Colombus one of the greatest and goodlyest Libraries in Christendome seeking out with great care and charge all good bookes in what language soeuer so as there were aboue twelâ—e thousand volumes for the keeping maintenance and increase of which liberarie he left and assigned sufficient rents 6 At the arriuall of the new kings of Castille the king D. Ferdinand found by experience that princes seruants doe most commonly follow then for profit Princes seruaÌ„ts follow for profit and not for affection and not for loue and affection for many of those that were with him in this voyage left him without leaue and went before to offer their seruice and to accompany their new maister the which discontented him very much These princes met betwixt Puebla of Saâ—abria and Asturie where hauing conferred together touching the manner of gouernment they did not agree whereupon the king D. Ferdinand came to Tordesillas much distasted of the king his sonne in law who with Queene D. Ioane past to Benauent The diligence and care of the Archbishop of Toledo to reconcile king Ferdinand and his children was such as they concluded that the king of Arragon should inioy the three masterships of Castille Order touching the gouernment of Castille Saint Iaques Calatraua and 〈◊〉 with the reuenues of the Indies and eight millions of Maâ—auidis of yearely rent during his life which queene D. Isabella had left him in regard whereof hee should bee contented to remaine in his countrie of Arragon to confirme which accord the two kings had an enteruiew within a league of Vailledolit in the vestrie of Renedo whereas the archbishop himself kept the doore There they say king Ferdinand gaue much counsel to his sonne in law by whome hee was intreated notwithstanding their accord to remaine in Castille and to helpe him to gouerne but he refused him and went away this yeare 1506 in Iuly King FerdinaÌ„d retires into Arragon leading his wife Queene Germaine with him into Arragon The kings D. Philip and D. Ioane entred into Vailledolit
the affaires of Italie and did still hold the castles of Milan and Cremona at the same time when as a truce was accorded betwixt king Lewis and king Ferdinand 〈◊〉 betwixt â—rance and Spaine for a yere to the great discontent of the king of England who was readie to enter into France and attended to be assisted by the Spanish armie by reason whereof the French king did deferre the recouerie of the realme of Nauarre for a time to the which he was greatly solicited by the dispossessed kings Iohn and Katherine Which truce the French king had much desired to assure his realme on that side being aduertised that the king of England made great preparation to assaile him being still prest thereunto by Pope Iulio 1513 who conceiuing great and pernitious enterprises in his mind died at Rome in Februarie Death of Pope Iulio in the yeare 1513. By his death the duke of Ferrara was freed from great care and feare who embracing the occasion recouered some places in Romania and had taken more if the Viceroyes armie had not stopt him being lodged betwixt Regio and Plaisance through the fauour whereof Parma and Plaisance came into the hands of Maximilian Sforce the new duke of Milan The cardinals being assembled Pope Leo chosen they did chuse Iohn de Medicis cardinall of Sancta Maria in Dominica for Pope and called him Leo the tenth The Viceroy being aduertised of the truce betwixt Fraunce and Spaine he began to resolue vpon his retreat to Naples sending for the garrisons which were in Tortona and Alexandria and causing the armie to march towards the riuer of Trebia hauing with him twelue hundred men at armes and eight thousand foot all choyce souldiers the which did much terrifie the Milanois and their duke knowing that the French king made great leuies of men to recouer that estate and fearing that the Suisses who were all their hope would not be able to defend them if the French armie did presse them on the one side and the Venetians on the other wherefore at their intreatie and the Popes intercession the Viceroy and the Spanish armie stayed and held the warre in suspence The truce which the two great kings had made Nauarre assured king Ferdinands conquest of Nauarre the noblemen and Estates of which realme after the retreat of the French from before Pampelone deputed the constable D. Lewis of Beaumont earle of Lerin to take the oath of fealtie and homage as to their king And the duke of Alua being returned into Castille Diego Fernandes of Cordoua Viceroy of Nauarre there remained Viceroy of Nauarre in his place D. Diego Fernandes of Cordoua marquesse of Comares 4 The great prosperities of D. Ferdinand king of Arragon Regent of Castille were accompanied with some griefe Castille for that he had no lawfull issue male but queene Germain his second wife by whom he had no children was more perplexed for her owne interest who by a womanish affection sought curiously for all deuices to conceiue thinking by art and humane helpes to obtaine that which comes from the meere bountie and blessing of God Wherefore it happened this yeare it is not knowne by whose aduice that Drinke giuen to king Ferdinand by the â—â—his wife with the kings consent the queene her selfe D. Maria of Velasco wife to D. Iohn of Velasco superintendent of the treasure and D. Isabella Faure made a drinke or broth for the king to giue him force and vigour But he had no sooner taken it but he found nature toucht with an incurable infirmitie whereof he languished continually and in the end dyed This was done at Carroncillo whither the king was come to desport himselfe with the ladies And it is not credible that they did present him this potion to any other end but to quicken him in Venus sports for all the queenes happinesse and greatnesse depended vpon the kings life Hee was like to haue dyed of this drinke in the monasterie of Mejorado but beeing somewhat recouered by physicke hee came to Vailledolit to an assemblie of the Estate where hee dispatcht many affaires 5 The French king in the meane time had in a manner dispossest Maximilian Sforce of all his duchie of Milan Defeat of the French at Nouarâ— by the Suisses he had onely remaining Como and Nouara Into the last he had put himselfe with many ensignes of Suisses and was besieged by the French where followed that memorable sallie of colonell Mottâ—n and his Suisses and the defeat of the French with great slaughter and the losse of their artillerie as you may read at large in that historie whereupon the French repast the Alpes And on the other side D. Raymond of Cardone Viceroy of Naples being with his armie vpon the passage of the riuer of Pau opposite to the Venetian armie led by Bartholmew of Aluiano who hauing newes of this rout of the French retired for feare to Ponte Vico and from thence to Tomba neere to the riuer of Thesin The Viceroy suffering them to passe busied himselfe about the reduction of Genoua which the French had deliuered into the hands of Adornes and their factions sending at the instance of Iohn and Octauia Fregose three thousand Spaniards thither led by the marquesse of Pescare himselfe following with the rest of the armie Wherewith the French and the Adornâ—s their partisans being amazed they left the citie and Octauia Fregose was made duke In the meane time Aluiano tooke Lignago by the means of Iohn Paul Baillon who slue most of the Spaniards and Germans that were there in garrison He also attempted Verona in vaine All which did much incense the Viceroy of Naples who passing the Pau with his armie did soone take Bergamo Pescare and Bresse Aluiano flying before him who hauing diuided his armie into garrisons put himselfe into Padoua Pope Leo at his first aduancement trying by the best meanes he could to dissolue the Councell of Pisa he then receiued into grace D. Bernardin of Caruajal cardinall of Saint Croix and Frederic of Saint Seuerin deposed from their dignities of cardinalls and depriued of their reuenues and benefices by Pope Iulio and the Councell of Latran These two hauing stayed a while at Florence by the Popes commaundement like priuat men they came by his permission to Rome where they entred by night and the next day they presented themselues vnto the Consistorie in all humilitie where vpon their knees Câ—rdinals receiued into grace they acknowledged their faults and demaunded pardon the which they obtained approuing the decrees of the Councell of Latran and the election of the present Pope and confessing their deposition to haue beene just and that the Councell of Pisa was false and abhominable whereupon they were absolued and went and embraced all the cardinals in their rankes who moued not from their places after which they put on their cardinals weeds and sat in their vsuall places and although they did not recouer
had decided it This cause was debated in the yere 1524 at Yelbes whither came for the king of Portugal the Licentiate Anthonie of Azeuedo Cotigno Diego Lopes of Sequeira Pero Alphonso of Aguiar Francisco de Melo Simon of Tabira and others and at Badajos the Licentiats Acugna Barrientos and Pedro Manuel D. Ferdinand Colombus son to the Admirall Christopher Colombus Iohn Sebastian del Cano Pero Ruis of Burgos others for the Emperor These deputies of either part hauing conferred many dayes vpon a bridge on the riuer of Caja which diuides Portugal from Castille they parted in greater disorder and confusion than before the Castillans maintaining That the Molucques yea and the islands of Zumatra and Malaca with a good part of China fell in their strait and Nauigation according to the line drawne by Pope Alexander the sixt and the accord made betwixt king Iohn the second and king Ferdinand the fift in the towne of Tordesillas The Portugals affirming the contrarie with their reasons In the yeare 1525 died queene Leonora widow to king Iohn the second who was called The mother of the poore for her great charitie She had the hospitall of las Caldas and the monasterie of the mother of God Mariage of D. Iohn king of Portugal and the Emperors sister to be built In which yeare king Iohn the third then raigning being two and twentie yeares old maried D. Catherina daughter to king Philip of Austria and sister to the Emperour Charles being then eighteene yeares old which mariage was solemnized at Ebora Of this mariage were borne the Infants following D. Alphonso who liued little D. Maria borne at Coimbra in the yeare 1526 she was princesse of Castille D. Catherina who liued but a while nor her sister D. Beatrix D. Manuel who in like maner died soone D. Philip and D. Iohn who were borne at Ebora and D. Anthonie at Lisbone 31 The Emperour Charles Castille persuaded by them that had beene at Caja betwixt Badajos and Yelbes Vnfortunat voiage of the Castillans to the Molucques rigged out seuen ships of Biscaie at the Groine to seeke a passage to the Molucques by the land of Bacalaos and Labrador towards the North if they might find any meaning to make a storehouse for spices at the Groine from whence they might be distributed into Spaine France Flanders Germanie England and other regions from the which D. Iohn king of Portugal sought to diuert him by intreaties and reasons offering to pay the charges of the armie and to giue him many other gifts which the Emperour refused persisting still in his resolution Wherefore these seuen ships parted from the Groine being commaunded by Garci Geoffrey of Loaysa borne at Cité Real a knight of S. Iohn who had Iohn Sebastian del Cano for his lieutenant who were all lost or went astray except the Admirall which came to Tidore without her generall Garci Geoffrey who died at sea D. Garcia Henriques of Ebora was then generall for the king of Portugal at the Molucques In the yeare 1528 Fernando Cortez gouernour and conqueror of new Spaine sent from the countries conquered by him two ships by the kings commandement wherof Aluaro of Sahauedra Ceron was captaine to seeke out the Molucques but he was as vnfortunat as the rest which made the Emperour to yeeld more easily to an agreement with king Iohn his brother in law being prest by other weightie affaires which called him into Italie for the Crowne of the Empire which hee should receiue from the hands of Pope Clement for which voyage the king of Portugal lent him three hundred and fiftie thousand ducats in consideration whereof the Emperour engaged or suspended the controuersie for the Molucques wherein the Licentiat Anthonie of Azeuedo deputed by the king of Portugal hauing negligently negotiated and left the businesse almost in the same tearmes as it was at the conference of Badajos and Yelbes was punished whereby in time the quarell was reuiued betwixt the Portugals and Castillans In the yeare 1529 Lewis of Beaumont 1529 earle of Lerin and constable of Nauarre died there whom his son succeeded in all his lands and dignities bearing the same name The Emperour Charles did alwayes honour him much acknowledging him for his kinsman for that he was descended by the mothers side from D. Iohn king of Nauarre and Arragon 32 The treatie of Cambray was concluded the yeare following 1530 1530 in the which Louyse of Sauoy Treatie of Cambray mother to the French king and Marguerite of Austria the Emperours aunt had long laboured to reconcile these two princes By the which the Infants of France were deliuered in regard of two millions and fiue hundred and fiftie thousand crownes payable at seuerall paiments as well readie as otherwise in discharge of the Emperour to the king of England and it was said that the king should renounce the soueraigntie of Flanders and Artois and his pretensions to the duchie of Milan and realme of Naples That he should marie the queene D. Leonora and if there came a sonne of this mariage he should be duke of Bourgondie with many other conditions which are to be seene in the said treatie and here omitted for that they did not hold The articles of this treatie being performed as farre as might be at that time the Emperour came to Barcelone from whence he past to Genoua in Andrew Dorias gallies who hauing a little before left the French kings seruice was come vnto the Emperours From Genoua he went to Bolonia la Grasse Coronation of the Emperour at Bolonia whereas Pope Clement attended him and there he receiued the Imperiall Crownes one of yron which the Emperours haue beene accustomed to receiue at Milan and one of gold which he should take at Rome but the Romans had not yet forgotten the sacke and spoyle which the Spaniards had made This coronation which was performed on Saint Mathias day verie happily for the Emperour had beene purchased of the Pope with the price of the Florentines libertie and the change of their common-weale into a principalitie After this solemnitie the Emperour hauing heard certaine princes and the embassadours of many Estates in Italie he tooke his way to Trent and past into Germanie Whilest that they were making preparation for the Emperours coronation in Bolonia he receiued aduertisement That D. Isabella his wife was deliuered of another sonne Ferdinand Infant of Spaine borne whom he would haue called Ferdinand by his grandfathers name There was great joy and triumph for this birth both in Spaine and Italie and especially in Bolonia but this joy was of small continuance for he died within few monethes after his birth At the Emperours passage into Italie Roderigo Portundo defeated and slaine by pirâ—ts to his coronation hee had beene attended on by the gallies of Spaine of the which Roderigo Portundo was generall who in his returne backe hearing that there were certain pyrats of Barbarie in those
with him for his losse and sought to comfort him But the emperours bountie repaired his great losse Bountie of the emperour to Prince Doria for he did not onely giue him three thousand ducats oâ—yerely rent for euer out of the fines at Naples but he also made him Protonotarie of that kingdome which is the fift of the seuen principall offices the which the prince Iohn Andrew his newphew doth now enioy 41 At the emperours returne from Alger hee found himselfe ingaged in a difficult warre Warre betwixt the French king the emperor against the French king the which would not suffer him to make any long aboad in Spaine The king pretended that the truce had beene broken and the faith violated by the Marquesse of Guast his lieufenant in Lombardie by reason of the 〈◊〉 of Fregose and Rinson which fact being sufficiently 〈◊〉 it was dissembled by him where upon the French king began the warre in many places In 〈…〉 by the lord of Longuenall and Martin van Roâ—sse In the 〈…〉 by the the duke of Orleance The Dauphin Henry was come into the 〈…〉 did beseege the Towne of Perpignan with forty thousand foot two thousand men at armes two thousand light horse and great store of artillerie one of the goodliest armies the French had of long time drawne together the which proued to bee of no effect for that proceeding so slowly the duke of Alua had meanes to put some troupes into the town which was ill furnished by land and D. Bernardin of Mendosa newly made generall of the galleys of Spaine to supplie it with victuals and all other kind of munition by sea so as the Prince seeing it was not easie to force 1542 and hearing of great succours which did aduance both from Spaine and Italie hee retyred In Italie the Lord of Langey made warre for the king and in Picardie the duke of Vendosme what the successe was the French Historie will fully satisfie you The emperour feeling yet the bad successe of this affaires of Barbarie and stung by the French in so many places fainted not but that which did most trouble him was the duetie he ought vnto Germanie as emperour for besides that Sultan Solyman had newly repulst the forces of the empire from before Buda hee was aduertised that hee prepared to returne this yeare in person into Hungarie with a mighty armie and that which toucht him nerer he vnderstood that by the persuasion of the French king and of Captaine Paâ—lin his embassador in the East Barberousse was at Sea with a great number of gallies and foists with an intent to inuade his Countries of Naples and Sicile and to spoile Spaine if hee might finde any opportunitie To preuent all these mischiefes hee went to Barcelone to passe into Italie where whilest they made the gallies readie for his passage and that the Souldiers came which should goe with him hee went into Nauarre and caused some roades to bee made into the neere frontier of Fraunce S. Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards and the Towne of Saint Iohn de Luz to bee burnt And seeing himselfe thus prest hee held the support of Henry the eight king of England to bee needfull with whome hee entred into leagne Hauing concluded together how they should make warre the emperour came to Genoua with forty gallies and some troupes when as Barberoâ—sse sackt and burnt the coast of Calabria and had taken the town of Regium in the streit against Sicile Then the Turkish armie came to Ostia which did much amaze the Romanes but they did only water and so past not doing any harme to the territories of the church which were recommended by the French king then leauing the riuer of Genoua hee came to Marcelles The French king had sent Frances of Bourbon duke of Anguien to bee his lieutenant in Prouence and to receiue the Turkes armie who attending Barberousse and thinking to surprise the Castle of Nice had like to haue beene surprised himselfe by Iannetin Doria who watcht for him within the Port with twentie gallies for hee beleeuing one who had laied this double plot aduentured to goe with some of the kings galleys whereof foure which hee had caused to aduance were taken and hee himselfe escaped by flight Barberousse besâ—egeth the Castle of Nice Barberousse being come Doria quit the Port and Towne of Nice to the Turkes who sackt and burnt it but the Castle held good being valiantly defended by Paul Simeon a knight of Malta the place being of it selfe vneasie to batter and worse to assaile but after a while they tooke an occasion to leaue the siege Barberousse retyred with his gallies to Antibo being much discontented against the French for the bad prouision hee had found in Prouence for the warre for hee saw many necessarie prouisions to faile them suddenly and that the kings men were often forced to borrow powder match and other necessaries from the Turkes so as hee grew often into such a rage as hee did threaten Captaine Paulin to put him in chaines and to carrie him to Constantinople there to bee punished as an abuser and lyer hauing made infinite promises to the great Turke whereof hee saw no effects the which hee had done if the prince of Anguien had not somewhat pacified him with good words Being at Antibo he vnderstood that the Marquesse of Guast and the duke of Sauoy were come into the port of Villafranca with prince Dorias gallies and that being ready to enâ—er into Port they had been surprised with so great a storme as foure gallies thinking to get to sea had been cast against the rockes and broken and that wherin the Marquessâ— was in danger to be sunke The Turke ready for al occasions went thither with his gallies but he came to late he gathered vp part of the ship-wracke and drew the ordnance out of the sea After which he went wintred at Tolon from whence he sent fiue and twenty gallies to Alger with the spoiles which hee had taken the which they increased with many poore prisoners of either sex passing along the coast of Catelogne and Valencia Fernando Cortez depriued of his gouernment of Mexico and with a ship and a galley which they found neere vnto Palamos which they carried away I must speak some thing of Fernando Cortez who conquered Mexico from whence hee was called being viceroy by the meanes of some which enuied his greatnes being accused in Spaine vnto the emperour and forced to come and yeeld himselfe a prisoner in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and forty he could not so sooneiustifie his innocencie although hee were in a maner set at libertie following the emperour to the warre of Alger yet hee had no command and as one in disgrace with his Maiestie hee was neuer called to councell In those dangerous accidents although hee were a great Captaine and had beene tryed in greater difficulties whereof hee had giuen good proofes in
Iohn Andrew Doria was gone to that end the nobilitie hauing prouided money to make warre when D. Iohn hearing that they to whom it was compromitted in the name of those great princes could not pacifie them he sent order to the Gouernour of Milan to dismisse his Germans and Italians that the faction of the Nobles might imploy them to reduce them to their duties that had no will of an accord With which troupes the faction of the Old went to field and tooke diuers places In the end after many letters written from the Pope Emperour and King of Spaine it was wholly compromitted to their agents who caused a suspension of armes and there were hostages giuen by both factions to stand to their arbitrement but the accord was not fully concluded vntill the yeare following This yeare there grewe seeds of warre in Afrike which past into Europe to the great preiudice of Christendome for that Muley Mahomet king of Marocco beeing loath to leaue the gouernment of that realme to Muley Moluc his vncle according to the will of his grandfather dying Moluc fled de vnto the Turkes for aid and obtained it with the which Muley Mahomet expelled out of his realm and with the Moores which fauoured him he made warre against his nephew and defeated him thrice in battell so as he remained absolute Lord of the realmes of Fez and Marocco his nephew beeing fled vnto the mountaines where with some that followed him he ranne vp and downe not as a king but like a thiefe beeing by nature both couetous and cruell vntill that in the end he persuaded the ill aduised king of Portugal not onely to giue him succours to recouer his realme but to passe thither in person with the ruine of that royall house as you shall hereafter heare 2 After the death of Lewis de Requesens 1576 great Commaunder of Castille D. Iohn d' Austria was appointed to succeed him in the gouernment of the Netherlands D. Iohn of Austria gouernour of the Netherlands to which end he came into Luxembourg but he would not aduance vntill that the Estates had accepted him for gouernour and Lieutenant generall to the king his brother This prince was once in an humour as wee haue said to obtaine the crowne of Tunis by the bountie of the king D. Philip whom hee had caused to bee often importuned by the Pope wherein the king tooke no delight but the taking of that citie by the Turkes and the razing of those forts which the Spaniards had built to keepe it in awe made him to forget that humour but it did not quench his desire to raigne in some other countrie in the which a Secretarie of his called Iohn de Soto entertained him Which the king vnderstanding hee tooke him from him and commaunded him to vse the seruice of Iohn d' Escouedo Iohn de Escouedo Secretarie to Don Iohn by which change he got little he animating him more to greatnesse wherefore he thought it expedient to diuert him somewhat from these ambitious desires to drawe him out of Italie and from those honourable imployments which presented themselues and to send him into Flanders to contend against his rebellious subiects the which D. Iohn hearing hee bare it with great impatiencie to see himselfe so much deiected as to become as a man would say an Algouzil or Prouost Marshall to punish common people whereas he had been Generall of armies to the greatest Potentates in Christendom against the incomparable forces of the great Turke Hauing failed of Tunis he conuerted his thoughts vpon England and caused the king to be solicited to make warre vpon that realme D. Iohn a-spires to the crowne of England for that said he Queene Elizabeth had alwaies fauoured the Estates and townes of the Lowe countries in their contumacie and rebellion and to make him Generall hoping to make himselfe king thinking that the affaires of the Lowe countries were too little to keepe him occupied The king D. Philip for that hee would not flatly refuse him seemed to yeeld to it but hee said they must first subdue the Flemings commaunding him to goe directly out of Italie thither and not to passe by Spaine but he obaied him not for he went out of Italie into Spaine and all by the counsell of Escouedo which made the king to bee ill conceited of him but in the end hee was forced to goe and arriued as you haue heard Beeing accepted for their gouernour hee ratified the treatie of Gand made by the Deputies of the Prouinces for the expelling of all strange souldiers and other things the which was confirmed by the king of Spaine 1577 in April 1577 and his Letters of approbation sent to D. Iohn Then the poore Netherlanders beganne to hope for better vsage thinking that they were at an end of all their miseries but the effects which followed did soone shew that this hope had beene conceiued vpon apparances For in all D. Iohns gouernement there was nothing but dissimulations D. Iohns carriage in his gouernment secret enterprises accusations false imputations surprises and apparent designes to heap vpon this people all the miseries of the precedent gouernements although the effects did not follow according to the Spaniards desires The which they imputed to D. Iohn who was not come into the Low Countries to liue there in a quiet estate or to walke in his night gowne but with an intent that the enterprise of England should proceed and that the King would make him Generall but seeing that notwithstanding all troubles in his gouernement were in a maner pacified they made no preparation tending to inuade that Iland and that there came no aduice out of Spaine conformable to his desire yet would hee commaund an armie and breed occasions to imploy it where he was What his particular actions were you may read in that countrie historie Sir Francis Drake beeing incouraged by the good successe of his first voyage to the Indies Voyage of Sir Francis Drake into the South sea and about the world resolued to make a new attempt and to passe into the South thinking thereby to doe his Prince and Countrey great seruice to winne himselfe immortall fame and to annoy the King of Spaine and his subiects wherefore in Nouember in the yere one thousand fiue hundred seuentie and seuen he went forth of Plimmouth with fiue English shippes and barques bending his course towards the Indies my meaning is nto to report the particularities of this voyage but onelie to touch the action summarily for that it concernes Spaine in August after his departure he past the Strait of Magellan and came into the South sea whereas the Spaniards liued secure from all feare hauing neuer seene any Englishman there before Beeing in this sea hee tooke many ships and barkes with great store of treasure but there was one shippe which exceeded all the rest in wealth he tooke it at a place called Cape S. Francisco
this enterprise I denie not but that England is a mighty Kingdome and the greatest Island that the ancients haue made mention of conteyning in circuit with Scotland two thousand miles yet late writers haue made it two hundred lesse That it is well fortified with a wall which the sea makes about it whereby it is so defended as if Scotland were vnder that iurisdiction it were not to bee inuaded by land Notwithstanding the glory which that nation hath gotten by armes is rather to be attributed to the ancient and not to them that are now for as it often happens that the minde being great with the imagination of great matters doth still retaine the same imaginations although that matters change euen so it happens here that we doe measure the forces of England not by the present Estate but as they haue beene when as they had in their possession Normandy Brittan Gascony and other florishing Prouinces of France yea they commanded in a manner absolutly ouer all France and Henry the sixth was crowned King in Paris But hee that will looke into the present Estate of England may easily iudge that it is great rather by the reputation of her ancient fame then by the quality of her present forces and that it is no more that England which was fearefull to the greatest Princes of Europe And without doubt it hath beene obserued that not long since there haue so many disgraces fallne vpon that Island Ignorance and mallice of the writer as at one instant it not onely purchased the hatred of men but of God euer since it fell into Schisme So as since the change of their religion England hath suffred great shipwrackes whereof wee may see the effects hauing lost that support whereon depended their reputation and safety that is the Authority and command which they had at sea for that in former times this Island did maintaine many ships and did continually entertaine a good fleet at sea yea sometimes their preparations were admirable as amongst others when as Henry the sixth went almost with eight hundred great ships against Charles the sixth the French King making a bridge ouer the Ocean but the state and condition of that Island is changed for since Henry the seuenth and Henry the eight they could not maintaine those hundred Ordinary ships which they were wont to keepe in a redinesse for the safety of that state but the Island is growne to that extremity as they haue beene constrained not onely to diminish but also to sel the greatest part of those ships which did secure them from forraine inuasions so much doth want presse those Princes more their owne safeties But the better to explaine that which I haue spoken of the easinesse of the enterprise VVeakenesse of England compared with the power of Spaine I wil said hee propound two things the one of him that is inuaded the other of him that doth inuade whereby it shall appeere that the one is as vnable to defend as the other is powerful to offend If wee consider England which is to bee inuaded without doubt it is not able to resist the King of Spaines forces if hee will inuade it with such prouisions as he may and the importance of the action doth require the which will appeere by diuers reasons The first for that as I haue said the Island of England is at this day in great want and if in this weakenesse shee should seeke to make head against the power of a mighty Potentate it were as much as if she should seeke to support Heauen beeing nei Alcides nor Atlas Secondly VVant of ships in England in respect of this necessity he said that the crowne of England could not entertaine that number of shipping which was wont to be appointed for the gard of the realme and if they should seeke to make any prouision it were to draw force from weakenesse or to prescribe a Law to time and nature seeking in great want and in a short time to make those prouisions which require a great treasure and many yeeres Moreouer to beginne to make preparation of those things which King Philip hath in a readinesse were to put themselues in defence when as the enemy held his sword ouer their heads It were vaine for any one to say that the English in daunger may vse priuat mens shippes for the publike seruice this remedie would come to late when the daunger is at hand neither could those ships bee easily called together from remoate places neither doe priuate men willingly imploy their commodities to publike vse Wherefore it it necessary that the deseignes of Princes in great enterprises flow from the fountaine of their owne power Thirdly for that the English doe altogether want or are very defectiue of horsmen which is a chiefe ground of warre for speaking of men at armes they haue scarce any knowledge of them and as for light-horses they doe not much import vnlesse the number supply the defect of the quallity Besides all the horses of that Island being continually put to pasture are full of diseases and weake which proceeds partly from the temper of that aire Fourthly that the Kings of England haue either through negligence or disability omitted to make prouisions for the war like vnto al other Princes that they may be readie against any sodaine tumult that may rise either within or without their states for that in former times their whole care was for prouision by sea so as the land-seruice was neglected as if in an Island there were not any need to goe to field against strangers or that warre could not bee mannaged at land with sea prouisions Fiftly Behold the lying vanity of the Spaniards it is most certaine that the English are by nature desirous of innouations and change for who so shall read ouer their History hee shall finde that seditions conspiracies treasons and such like haue made their dwelling in their Iland Sixthly for that the English in respect of their ancient greatnesse are more desirous to anoy others then to be anoyed themselues when they shal see themselues charged by braue enemies they wil be daunted To see Fortune turne her face is a fearefull spectacle for them that are not accustomed therevnto Seuenthly for that England beginning to decline by the iust iudgement of God euery man knowes how easie it is to cast it downe a declyning being nothing else but a way to ruine So that mighty Empire of the Romaines when it began once to decline it fell sodainely and drew with it a great ruine Eightly for that the English nation haue not in a manner any Commanders to mannage their warre which defect beeing ioyned with the insufficiency of the souldiars of that realme it will prooue that the army of Lyons commanded by a Hart wil be little esteemed one of the Harts led by a Cony wil be ridiculous the which will happily fall out in England Lastly admit that England were furnished with
of Austria his base brother one Iohn de Soto to serue him as a Secretarie a man by nature tending to great matters to raise his Lord and Maister to a superlatiue greatnesse and by the meanes of Pope Pius the fift to aduance him to the realme of Tunes Motiues of the bad vsage of the Arragonoâ—â— for their liberties The which beeing suspect and displeasing vnto the King fearing the diminution of his presented Monarchie after that hee had well obserued his dessiegnes and actions it was thought fit to call home Soto from D. Iohns seruice and to substitute Escouedo in his place In the beginning this Secretary Escouedo did serue his Lord Don Iohn well to the Kings good liking but in time they discouered plainly that hee troad in the same pathe that Soto had done entertaining secret correspondencies in the Court of Rome for his Maisters aduancement by the Popes poursute who possest him with an Imagination of the Crowne of England the which did much displease the King although it were no preiudice to him Don Iohn beeing returned soone after out of Italy into Spaine to receiue his commission and Instructions for the gouernment of the Netherlands he parted well satisfied and full of hope of this Conquest of England Beeing come into the Netherlands and hauing ratified the pacification of Gant made by the Generall Estates the Prince and the particular Estates of Holland Zeland and their associates with the Estates of Brabant Flanders Arthois Henault c. by which pacification all strange Souldiers should depart the countrie so as Don Iohn thought and such was his first and most assured desseigne to make vse of the sayd Soldiers in their retreate to execute this exploite of England But whether the Generall Estates of the Lowe Countries who had then made an alliance with England discouered his intent or not when as hee could not finde meanes to retire his souldiers by sea for want of shippes which they refused him that desseigne of England turned into smoake Notwithstanding that the Pope would haue assisted him as well with money as with Bulls granting him the inuestituure of that Realme to hold it of the Popes Sea The which the King of Spaine without whose priuitie this businesse was in the beginning managed hauing himselfe a greedy desire to that realme as did afterwards appeare could secretly crosse Don Iohn beeing much grieued in heart at this escape yet seeming still very obsequious and dutifull to the King hauing in some sort caused the Spaniards and Italians to retire but not far off and keeping the Germaine Collonels at his deuotion and not causing them to retire hee afterwards seazed vpon the Castle of Namur whereby all his practises were discouered and many letters were intercepted written by him and Escouedo his Secretarie Wherevpon hee was declared an enemy to the Lowe Countries Then hee beegan to treate secretly and to make priuate alliances in France with the Duke of Guise all without the King of Spaines priuitie and knowledge the which did mooue him much obseruing these courses of Don Iohn and his Secretary Escouedo whereof Antonio de Vargas Ambassador for the King of Spaine in France aduertised Antonio Perez Secretary of State to the sayd King who presently acquainted his maister therewith Among other things that Don Iohn said that hee had rather seeke his fortune in France with 6000. foote and 2000. horse then to stay any longer in the gouernment of the Netherlands On the other side Don Iohn by his letters which hee did write into Spaine made strange complaints full of bitternesse and despaire yea with threates if they suffered him to languish any longer in that estate and his letters were seconded by Escouedo who wrote to Antonio Perez whom he held to be a friend to Don Iohn and himselfe but hee discouered all their secrets vnto the King as it appeared by letters written from Perez vnto the King and noted in the margent with the Kings owne hand During all this businesse Escouedo beeing sent for into Spaine the King resolues to haue him made away either by murther or poyson as well for the great liberty and boldnesse hee vsed in his writing as for the strange speeches he sometimes vttered which were very displeasing vnto the King taking for a coulour a certaine proposition made by him to fortifie and man the rock of Magro and of some 6000. Ducats imployed by him contrary to the Kings intent In the end after that he had conferred with the Marquis of Velez and duly considered of all Escouedos practises holding it a dangerous matter to send him back to Don Iohn the King found it expedient to haue him slaine So Escouedo returning home to his lodging in the night he was murthered in the streete by Garcia of Arres and his confederates at the induction of Antonio Perez who had receiued commandement from the King Hauing beene formerly concluded betwixt the King and Perez that if the murtherers should chance to bee apprehended that Perez taking the fact wholy vpon himselfe should flie into Arragon whereas the King might more easily defend him then in Castile Escouedo beeing murthered in this manner the fact began to be discouered The widow and her sonnes made their complaints against Perez The King receiued them into his Councell of State but hee sent them not before their Ordinary Indge himselfe giuing the whole knowledge of the fact to the President of Castile and commanding him to talke with Escouedos sonnes and to the Secretary Mathew Vasques who presented their complaint to the end they might bee silent But all the Presidents admonitions were of no force yea hee made them more violent in their complaints Perez aduised the King to suffer this fact to come to a triall of lawe with a moderate slow poursute yet not to decree any thing or else that he would giue him leaue to retire from Court the which the King tooke in ill part promising him by the faith of a Knight neuer to abandon him and that hee would keepe him in his seruice But Perez in the meane time saw the storme approching whereof hee was the more assured after the death of the Marquis of Velez who had beene a liuely witnesse vnto him The King seeing him perplexed and in distresse for this death did confirme this promise againe vnto him more strictly In the meane time they doubled their complaints the which in like maner tending to the dishonor and to charge the Princesse of Eboly the complainants framed at large by writing and presented it to the King yet for all this hee gaue no sentence but being prest by Vasques to whom he had begun to discouer himselfe as appeared by the answer which hee made him in writing coppyed by Perez with a postscript of the Kings In the end the King commanded his Confessor to reconcile the Princesse and Perez with Vasques wherevnto the Princesse would not giue eare finding her selfe wronged for that she
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king
Commissioners for Spaine Duke of Frias Earle of Haro c. D. Iohn Baptista Taxis Earle of Villa Mediana c. and Alexander Rouidius a Lawyer and Senator of Milan The Archdukes sent for their Commissioners Charles Earle of Aremberg Counsellor of State and Admirall to the said Archdukes Iohn Richardot Knight President of the priuy Councel and Counsellor of State and Lodowike Verreiken Knight their principal Secretarie All these Commissioners after many consultations and conferences in the end concluded a peace on the 18 of August betwixt the two kings their Estates and subiects vpon certaine articles whereof I haue set downe the contents 1 First it was concluded That from thenceforth there should be a sincere and firme league and peace inuiolably obserued for euer Articles of the peace betwixt England and Spaine and in all places betwixt the most renowmed king of England Scotland France and Ireland c. and the most renowmed king of Spaine c. and the most renowmed Archdukes of Austria Dukes of Bourgondie their heires and successors their countries dominions and subiects of what condition or degree soeuer they be or may be 2 That all acts of hostilitie should cease and all wrongs and injuries done during the troubles be forgotten so as there should be no action pretended for any depredations or spoiles committed but all should be freely abolished except such depredations as had beene committed since the 24 of Aprill 1603 and that from thenceforth they and their subiects should forbeare from all depredations and spoiles and cause restitution to be made of any that should be after that time committed 3 That neither of the aboue named princes their heirs or successors by himselfe or any other should do treat or attempt any thing against the other or against their kingdomes or dominions vpon any pretence nor assist or consent vnto any warre attempt or treatie to the prejudice one of another 4 That they should neither themselues giue nor consent to be giuen by any of their vassals subiects or inhabitants any aid fauour or supplie vnto the enemies or rebels of either part whether they shall inuade their countries or withdraw themselues from their obedience and subiection of souldiers victuals money ordnance and munition or any other aid to maintaine warre 5 That the said princes should and did renounce all leagues confederations and intelligence made to the prejudice one of another which did or might impugne this peace the contents thereof all which they shal disannull and declare to be of no force 6 That the said kings and Archdukes should restraine their subiects from doing any wrong and should reuoke all Commissions and letters of Reprisall and Mart of what nature soeuer being to the prejudice of the said princes or of their subiects to whomsoeuer they haue beene granted the which they shall declare to be void and of no force And that whosoeuer should do to the contrary should be punished criminally and compelled to make restitution to the parties damnified 7 That as concerning the townes of Flessingue Brill Ramekins and other forts thereunto belonging in the which the souldiers of the king of England did remaine in garrison forasmuch as the said king affirmed that by contracts formerly made betweene queene Elizabeth of famous memorie vnto whom his Maiestie did succeed and the Estates of the vnited Prouinces hee stood bound not to redeliuer the said townes and forts to any but to such as had deliuered the same for caution so as by the said contracts his Maiesties faith honor which he resolued to keep religiously towards all men being ingaged he might not then restore those places vnto the Archdukes yet hee promised to enter into treatie with the said Estates wherein his Maiestie would assigne them â— conuenient time to accept of conditions conformable to justice and equitie for a pacification with the renowmed princes his deere brethren which if the Estates should refuse to accept then his Maiestie as beeing freed from the former conuentions would determine of those townes as hee should thinke most just and honourable wherein hee would doe all good offices for the said Princes his louing brethren 8 That the renowmed king of England c. would commaund the garrison souldiers not to serue the Hollanders nor to succour them with victuals armes or any munition for warre or other the king of Spaines or the Archdukes enemies vpon any colour or pretext soeuer nor doe any act of hostilitie against the king of Spaine the Archdukes or their subiects And in like manner the king of Spaine and the Archdukes did promise that no act of hostilitie should be done against the said garrison souldiers nor against the king of England c. oâ— his subiects 9 That betweene the said kings their kingdomes vassals inhabitants and subiects there should bee free commerce in all places where it hath beene formerly vsed before the warres according to the auncient leagues and treaties so as the subiects of either partie might goe and enter freely into the others countries and dominions both by sea and land without any Safeconduct or other licence and depart from thence with their goods and marchandises paying the ordinarie customes and imposts 10 That it should be lawfull to haue acesse vnto the ports of the said princes there to make stay and with the like libertie to depart not onely with ships for marchandise but also for warre whether they come thither being forced by foule weather or for the repairing of their ships or for prouision of victuals so as they exceed not the number of six or eight ships when they come in voluntarily nor stay longer in the hauens than they shall haue cause for the repairing of their ships or to make prouision of necessaries least it should cause an interruption of free traffique with other nations in amitie And if any greater number of ships of warre than is aboue mentioned shall happen to haue accesse into those ports then it shall not bee lawfull for them to enter without the priuitie and consent of the prince Prouided that they should not commit any act of hostilitie within the said ports to the prejudice of the princes and that there should be an especiall care had that vnder the pretext of traffique there should be no victuals armes or munition for warre carried by the subiects of those kingdomes to the enemies of the one or other king And whosoeuer should attempt the contrarie should bee punished as seditious persons and breakers of the peace It was also prouided That the subiects of the one should not bee worse intreated in anothers dominions in his sales and contracts of marchandise than his owne naturall subiects 11 That the king of England c. after the conclusion of these articles should forbid by proclamation That none of his subiects or any inhabiting within his realme should carrie ouer in his owne name directly or indirectly or colour any ships marchandise or any other thing going out
ceremonie and it was thought the gouernor being inuited would haue dined with his Lordship but hee fearing to heare something that might touch the king his master in honour excused himselfe and so retired hauing seene his Lordship set downe But hearing after dinner by his owne brother that there was not any thing that might giue cause of offence or exception hee was sorie and did accompanie his Lordship at supper whither many ladies and gentlewomen came to see the order of that State On the foure and twentieth of Aprill D. Blasco d' Arragon nephew to the duke of Terranoua who had beene in England the yeare before with the Constable of Castille came from Court being sent from the king his master to salute his Lordship and to acquaint him with such preparations as were made for him and his traine for that journey There was also D. Gaspar de Bullion the kings chiefe Harbinger who came with commission from the king to prouide all things necessarie for his Lordships journey After some conference notwithstanding they had promised there should be no want of any thing they found that the whole countrey would not furnish mules ynow there being six hundred and fiftie persons besides the carriages which were verie many Wherupon his Lordship resolued to leaue some of his owne companie aboord his ships vntill his returne There were foure coaches and foure litters attended them at Villafranca besides their riding mules whereof there was a coach and a litter for his Lordships owne vse another coach and a litter for sir Charles Cornwallis who was then sent to be embassador leager in Spaine and the rest for the knights and gentlemen which should be sicke During his Lordships stay at the Groine hee was entertained with sundrie sports the which were performed in a square made of purpose on the market place as assaulting of a castle by armed knights and freeing a ladie from foure monsters which defended it fighting at barriers and in the end verie rare fire-works the which were generally commended for their strangenesse Earle of Nottingham goes from the Grâ—ine After which his Lordship hauing all his traine furnished with mules began his journey towards the Court the 3 of May the gouernor and magistrats bringing him out of the town with musick shot He was accompanied by D. Blasco d' Arragon D. Gaspar de Bullion chief harbinger to the K. who had the charge of the conduct His Lordship past from the Groyne to Bytance to Villa Alua Lugo Terra Castella Cebrera Villa Franca Bubibre Astorga where his Lordship saw a fayre castle belonging to the marquesse of Astorga Banesa Benauent Villa Garcia and from thence hee had order to goe to Simancas which was as farre as Vailledolit To which towne his Lordship came in twelue dayes hauing beene honourably receiued in all places where he past His Lordship comming to Simancas on Tuesday the 14 of May he had order from the king not to come to Court till Thursday On the Wednesday after dinner there came D. Pedro de Suniga or Estuniga newly appointed embassadour for England and D. Iohn de Taxis sonne to the earle of Villa Mediana then embassador in England who hauing saluted his Lordship departed againe On Thursday He goes to Court his Lordship being appointed to goe to Court there came to attend him the marquesse of Camerasa D. Pedro de Suniga D. Iohn de Taxis D. Blasco d' Arragon with diuers other knights and gentlemen of the kings house and chamber bringing diuers coaches with them Simancas was not aboue six English miles from Court. Vpon the way the earle of Nottingham was persuaded to goe into a banqueting house which stood vpon the highway and to see the delicacie of their orchards and gardens and to tast of the fruits but it was rather to stay for the noblemen which were appointed by the king to meet him During his stay in this garden there was a horse presented vnto him from the king which he did vsually ride on After an houres stay there came diuers Grandoes Noblemen 〈◊〉 the Earle of Nottingham and other noblemen the chiefe whereof were the duke of Frias Constable of Castille lately embassadour in England the duke of Infantasgo the duke of Albuquerque the duke of Cea the duke of Sessa the duke of Pastrana the marquesse of S. German the earle of Chinchon the earle of Punno en Rostro the marquesse of Baneza the earle of Aguilar the earle of Berosa the earle of Nieua the earle of Corunna the earle of Paredes the marquesse of Carpio the marquesse of Tauera the marquesse of Villanoua the earle of Salinas the marquesse of Seralua the marquesse de Fuentes the marquesse of Alcanices the earle of Galues the Admirall of Arragon with many other lords and knights The earle with all these nobles and his whole traine being vpon the way the weather being exceeding hot there fell a verie great showre which continued vntill they came into the towne where his lodging was appointed in the house of the earle of Salinas not farre from Court There was a multitude of people and eight hundred coaches as it was thought full of ladies and gentlewomen gotten out of the towne to see the earle and his companie I omit the manner of their marshalling with the Spanish knights and lords They entred by a gate called Puerta del Campo and passed through the chiefe parts of the towne by the Court gate the king queene and ladies standing as they said at certaine windowes to take view of the companie That night there came diuers noblemen and the queene sent her Major Domo to visit his Lordship which caused some admiration in the Spaniards who saied they neuer knew the like fauour done to any embassador The day after his Lordship comming to Vailledolit D. Francisco Gomes de Sandoual duke of Lerma the kings great fauourite being accompanied by many dukes and earles came to visit him and so consequently all embassadours and most of the Grandoes and noblemen of the Court came to visit him and congratulate his comming He had his first audience on Saturday the eighteenth of May. In the morning the king sent the earle of Galues and diuers of his priuie chamber to visit his Lordship In the afternoone the Constable came accompanied with aboue twentie noblemen The Earle goes to Court wherof three or foure were of the Grandoes bringing many coaches with them to conduct his Lordship and his companie to Court The kings gard made a way for them them to the presence chamber doore they being three hundred in number Suisses Spaniards and Wallons attired in red and yellow veluet but of seuerall fashions At the palace gate stood the duke of Infantasgo and the marquesse of Vellada with diuers noblemen knights and gentlemen to receiue his Lordship to conduct the companie into the presence where the king sat vnder a rich cloth of Estate His Audience and by him eight
King of Sicile they began to raigne in the yere 1474 and had Lawfull children D. Isabell Queene of Portugall mother to D. Michel who had beene heire to all the realmes of Spaine if he had liued D. Iohn who died yong D. Ioane Queene heiâ—e D. Maria Queene of Portugall D. Katherine XXI King of Castille 42 of Leon. D. IOANE daughter to the Queene D. Isabell and D. Ferdinand her husband she was married to the Archduke D. PHILIP of Austria they succeeded to the Realmes of Castille and Leon in the yeare 1504 and raigned together two yeares they had Lawfull children D. Leonora Queene of Portugall and of France D. Charles King and Emperour D. Isabell Queene of Denmarke D. Ferdinand Emperor D. Marie D. Katherine XXII King of Castille 43 of Leon. D. CHARLES by the decease of his father D. Philip succeeded to the right of the Crowne of Castille vnder the gouernment of the King D. Ferdinand his grandfather after whose death hee tooke vpon him the gouernment of the realme by reason of the incapacitie of the Queene D. Ioane his mother in the yere 1516 hee raigned 42 yeres in Castille Arragon and Nauarre D. ISABELL daughter to King Emanuell of Portugall his wife Lawfull children D. Philip king D. Marie Empresse D. Ioane married to the Prince of Portugall D. Ferdinand who died yong By Concubines he had Bastards D. Marguerite duchesse of Florence and Parma D. Iohn d'Austria XXIII King of Castille 44 of Leon. D. PHILIP 2 sonne to the Emperour Charles 5 in the yeare 1558 he raigned fortie yeares D. MARIE of Portugall his first wife mother to D. Charles D. MARIE Queene of England died without children D. ISABELL of France his 3 wife mother to D. Isabella Clara Eâ—genia D. Catherina D. ANNA of Austria his 4 wife by whom he had Lawfull children D. Charles D. Laurens some say Fernand. D. Diego or Iames. D. Philip. D. N. a daughter XXIIII King of Castille 45 of Leon. D. PHILIP 3 now raigning sonne to Philip 2 in the yeare 1598. D. MARGVERITE of Austria daughter to the Archduke Ferdinand of Gratz his wife Line of Nauarre First King in Sobrabre and Nauarre D. GARCIA Ximenes in the yeare 716 he raigned 42 yeares INIGA his wife mother to Garcia Inigo II. D. GARCIA INIGO second of that name in the yeare 758 he raigned 44 yeres the name of his wife is vnkowne D. Fortun Garces his sonne III. D. FORTVN GARCES sonne to D. Garcia Inigo in the yeare 802 he raigned 13 yeares D. THEVDA of Arragon daughter to D. Galinde D. Sancho Garces IIII. D. SANCHO GARCES first of that name sonne to D. Fortun in the yeare 815 hee raigned 17 years The name of his wife is not found D. Ximen Inigo it may be their sonne V. D. XIMEN INIGO in the yeare 832 he raigned 8 yeres D. NVGNA his wife D. Inigo Arista VI. D. INIGO ARISTA in the yeare 840 he raigned 27 yeres some hold that hee was not sonne to D. Ximen but issued from the Lords of Bigorre and elected D. THEVDA daughter to Zeno Earle of Biscaie D. Garcia Inigo VII D. GARCIA INIGO third of that name sonne to D. Inigo Arista in the yeare 867 he raigned 18 yeares D. VRRACA heire of Arragon his wife Children D. Fortun. D. Sancho Abarca D. Sancha Queene of Leon. VIII D. FORTVN in the yere 885 hee raigned 6 yeres in Nauarre and Arragon which was a small thing then and vnder the soueraigntie of Nauarre This king made himselfe a Monke and left the realme to his brother IX D. SANCHO ABARCA 2 of that name in the yeare 901 raigned 19 yeres D. TODA or THEVDA his wife Children D. Garcia Sanches D. Vrraca Xemenes Queene of Leon. D. Marie Countesse of Barcelona D. Theresia Queene of Leon. D. Sancha Countesse of Castille D. Blanche married to the Lord of Biscaie Some hold this King had 3 sonnes more D. Ramir. D. Gonsal D. Ferdinand X. D. GARCIA SANCHES 4. of that name sonne to D. SanchO Abarca in the yeare 920 he raigned 49 yeres THERESIA his wife Children D. Sancho Garces D. Ramir. D. Vrraca D. Ermesilde D. Ximena XI D. SANCHO GARCES third of that name sonne to D. Garcia Sanches in the yeare 969 he raigned 24 yeares D. VRRACA his wife Children D. Garcia D. Ramir father to D. Sancho D. Garcia D. Gonsal XII D. GARCIA the shaking sonne to D. Sancho Garces 5. of that name in the yere 993 he raigned 7 yeres or thereabouts D. XIMENA his wife D. Sancho their sonne XIII D. SANCHO 4 of that name sonne to D. Garcia the trembling in the yeare 1000 hee raigned 34 yeres D. NVGNA daughter to D. Sancho Earle of Castille which by some is called D. Maior heire of Castille Children D. Garcia King of Nauarre D. Ferdinand king of Castille D. Gonsal king of Sobrarbre and Ribagorsa Of D. Caya the Ladie of Ayuar a Concubine D. Ramir King of Arragon XIIII D. GARCIA 6 of that name sonne to D. Sancho 4 in the yere 1034 he raigned 20 yeres D. ETTIENETTâ— a French woman of the house of Cartassone and of Beziers his wife Children D. Sancho Garcia King D. Ramir. D. Ferdinand D. Raymond D. Ermesilde D. Zimena D. Maior D. Vrraca or Ognedâ— XV. D. SANCHO GARCIA 5 of that name sonne to D. Garciâ— in the yere 1054 hee raigned 22 yeres D. PLAISANCE his wife D. Ramir Sanches of D. Eluira daughter to Cid Râ—y Dias had D. Garcia Ramires who raigned D. Sancho Ramires D. Eluira D. Garcia the elder D. Garcia the second These children did not succeed XVI D. SANCHO RAMIRES who was 2 king of Arragon seazed vpon the realme of Nauarre and is nombred for the â— of that name in the yere 1076 he raigned 18 yeres D. FELIâ—E daughter to the Earle of Vrgel his wife mother among other children named in the Line of Arragon to Children D. Pedro. who were kings of Nauarre and Arragon D. Alfonso D. Ramir a Monke XVII D. PEDRO 1 of that name sonne to D. Sancho Ramires in the yere 1094 he raigned 10 yeres 3 moneths D. BERTHâ— or INES of Tuscaine his wife D. Pedro died an infant D. Isabell died also before the father XVIII D. Aâ—Fonso brother to D. Pedro 1 of that name vnited all the Christian realms of Spaine together by his marriage with D Yrraca heire of Castille and Leon he came to the Crowne of Nauarre in the yere 1104 and raigned 30 yeres D. VRRACA daughter to Alfonso 6 of Leon and Castille his wife by whom he had not any children XIX D. GARCIA RAMIRES 7 of that name sonne to D. Ramir Sanches grand-child to D. Sancho Garcia 5 of that name he was chosen by the Estates in the yere 1134 and raigned 16 yeres D. MERGELINA or MARGVERITE as some say daughter to Rotron Earle of Perche his wife Children D. Blanche D. Sancho king D. Alfonso Ramires D. Marguerite Queene of Naples D. VERACA base daughter to D. Alfonso 8 king of Leon and
neighbours They haue timber to serue them as well for the building of houses as for shipping whereof they haue great store And who can denie that in Nauarre Asturia and Gallicia there are goodly and fruitfull vallies Fertilitie of the country betwixt Duero and Mimo Can wee desire a countrey more abounding in all good things than that which is betwixt the riuers of Duero and Minio at this time belonging vnto the Realme of Portugall the which being scarce a day and a halfs journey in length and much lesse in breadth hath an Archbishopricke which is that of Braga Porto Gallego a bishopricke and containes in it aboue one thousand and foure hundred parishes fiue hundred Colledges of Canons and one hundred and thirtie Conuents it hath six ports of the sea aboue two hundred bridges of stone and two thousand and fiue hundred fountaines But who doth not admire the Genets of Spaine The horses of Spaine which I had almost forgotten their beautie swiftnesse and easinesse to breake especially of those of Andalusia which drinke of the water of Guadalquibir whereby according to the Spaniards opinion they are made more nimble and swift Of this race was the horse which Iulius Caesar esteemed so much as when hee was dead hee caused his image to be set vp in Venus Temple at Rome Of them and of the Lusitanians their neighbours Mares conceâ—uing by the wind the auntients would make vs beleeue that they were conceiued by the winds which the mares did receiue when they were desirous of the horse blowing from the West namely from the places where the horses feed the which some thinke not impossible Of all these things no man that hath any knowledge of the world can doubt And if any one would object That Spaine cannot bee so fertile as wee make it for that they are supplied with corne from Fraunce England Sicile and Germanie and that they carrie great store of linnen cloth and other merchandise out of Brittaine Normandie Flanders Holland and elsewhere without the which the Spaniards must of necessitie perish Let him consider the great regions discouered by the Spaniards within these hundred and twentie yeares what great fleets Spaine hath continually entertained rigged and victualed as well for the East as Westerne voiages and what need they haue to furnish those countries whith such things as they borrow whereof without doubt they should haue sufficient for themselues but not to furnish a new world the which doth also wast their men daily to people these discouered countries The nature of the Spaniards And withall let him adde the haughtie and couetous disposition of the Spanish nation who doe willingly leaue their labour to goe vnto the mynes or to goe to the warres and neuer follow any worke but when they are forced by necessities 15 Hauing hitherto discoursed of the situation and fertilitie of Spaine The manners of the Spaniards let vs speake something of the manners and kind of life which the Spaniards haue from time to time obserued that being entred into our discourse wee may not bee interrupted therewith When as the Carthaginians came into Spaine and long after the Romanes had got some footing there were few walled townes in the countrey but many great burroughes and villages The most ciuile were they of the Betique prouince and the worst souldiours of them all giuing themselues to trade of merchandise by sea and somewhat to letters and in a maner like vnto those that liue vpon the coast of the Mediterranean sea But as for the rest they were all rustick and barbarous The qualities of the mountaine Spaniards namely the Mountainers and aboue all the Gallicians Asturians and Cantabrians whose ordinarie trade was to rob and steale contemning labour vntill that the Romanes taught them to liue more ciuilly and peaceably ruining their forts and retreats They were traitors spies and readie vpon all occasions to steale They carried targuets two foot long a dagger at their sides clothed in a doublet of linnen cloth stifned and quilted Armes of the antient Spaniards and these were their armes For there were no cuirasses nor head-peeces among them but on their heads they carried high hats made of sinewes and on their legges boots of haire and in their hands many darts some of them carried jauelins whereof the heads were of copper They wore long haire like women Their exercises were fencing and running both on foot and horsebacke and their combates by troupes They loued libertie aboue all things Libertie deere to the Spaniards which made the Romanes to see many examples of crueltie euen in the weakest sex for there were many mothers among the Cantabrians which slue their own children many daughters who for the like cause murthered their parents so deere libertie was vnto this nation to maintaine the which and fearing they might be forced in any thing they did vsually carrie poyson about them and if they were surprised and made slaues they sought by some notable villanie to giue their masters occasion to kill them It was often seene that when they were tyed to the crosse to be executed they did sing for joy of their approaching death but some haue shewed this resolution vpon good and commendable occasions as to conceal the secrets of their masters and friends or after they had reuenged their death or the wrong which had beene done them Their religion was infamous The Spaniards religion infamous for they sacrificed humane creatures vnto their gods euen their prisoners cutting off their right hands to offer them vp Their Priests and Diuines tooke their conjectures from the intrals both of men and beasts but aboue all they tooke their diuination from their countenances when as they receiued the deadly blow and fell to the ground As for their manner of liuing The Spaniards liuing simple and rude it was simple and rude they dranke water lay vpon the ground and did eat the flesh of goats which they did sacrifice vnto Mars they made cakes of dried acornes the which they did eat warme They did willingly banquet with their parents and had tables and seats of stone against the wall where they did appoint the most honourable places according to their ages and dignities They had no vse of siluer coined but did exchange ware for ware They had a beastly and filthie manner of washing and perfuming themselues with vrine which had stood long stinking with the which both men and women did rub their bodies and faces yea euen their teeth imagining that it was a preseruatiue against many infirmities the which is not disallowed by the Physitians This filthie obseruation was common then in Spaine among them all They did seuerely punish malefactors Their manner of iustice and especially parricides whom they did stone without their confines If any one were sicke they carried him into the highwayes and corners of the streets after the manner of the Aegyptians to take counsell and helpe
to aide you to keepe maintaine and defend the lawes and customes with all our power After this manner did the deputies for the cities and townes sweare euery one according to the rights lawes customes preuiledges freedomes and liberties which they did enioy This oth beeing taken of either side except by the Clergy who sweare not the King retired himselfe into Saint Stephens chappell of the same church where he put off his roabes and tooke one of white taffity Vnction fo the King of Nauarre which was vsuall in such ceremonies and then was brought backe by the Bishops of Tarrasone and of Dax to the great chappel where as all things necessary were prepared for this vnction The King being there enuironed by the Bishops he was annointed with oyle by the Bishop of Pampelone with the praiers and suffrages vsuall in such actions and the King hauing instantly put off that white roabe he was richly attired in other royall habits and so approched neere vnto the high altar where there was a sword the royal crowne glistring with pretious stones and the royall Scepter hee put on the sword and then drew it forth holding it vp on high in signe of Iustice and then sheathed it againe then hee tooke the crowne and set it on his head and last of all hee tooke the scepter in his hand and in the meane time the prelats continued their prayers These things beeing done the King mounted vpon a target on the which were painted the armes of Nauarre King of Nauar carried vpon a traget the which was borne by the Deputies of the Nobility and them of the city of Pampelone and the three quarters thereof Bourg Peuplement and Bauarre as well in the name of the said city as of other cities and townes of the realme as it had beene appointed by the King wherevpon publike protestation was made by the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite and other townes which could not set to their hands to support this target on the which the King was that it was without preiudice at that time or hereafter to their commonalties Thus the King was raised vp by the deputies who cried out thrice Real Real Real The King beeing thus carried after the manner of the ancient French hee cast money vnto the people which done hee was taken from thence by the Cardinall Don Pedro of Luna the Popes Legat who assisted at this ceremonie and by the Bishops of Pampelone and Tarrasone and led to a royall throne in great state the prelats and other Clergy men continuing still in their praiers and ending with a Te Deum These things thus performed the Kings Attorney General called Garcia of Leach in the Kings name the Bishop of Pampelone for himselfe and all the Clergy of the realme with the Deputies of the Nobility townes and commonalties demaunded an act of Peter of Godeille Apostolike Notary of Peter of Iauariz Clarke and Apostolike Notary for the Diocese of Pampelone and of Iohn of Ceilludo Notary and Secretary to the King the which was formally done For the last act of this follemnity masse was sung by the Bishop of Pampelone whereas the King according to the custome of his predecessors offred scarlet gold and siluer This coronation was the fourth yeere of this Princes reigne in February in the yeere 1390. and to make more particular relation of men of quality which were at this assembly deputed for the Estates or otherwise First of all there was D. Pedro of Luna Cardinal Men of account at the King of Nauarres coronation of the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin Legat a Latere in Spaine to Pope Clement residing in Auignon Don Martin Salua Bishop of Pampelone D. Iohn of Calaorra and Calçado D. Pedro of Tarrassone Don Fernand of Vic of Ossona D. Pedro of Ampurias D. Iohn of Dax D. Garcia of Eugni of Bayone Confessor to the King all Bishops Moreouer the Abbot of Irache the Deane of the Collegiall church of Tudelo the Abbots of the Monasteries of Saint Saluator of Leyra Oliuia Yrançu Hitero and Saint Saluator of Vrax the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem the dignities Chanoins and Clergy of the church of Pampelone for the Estate of the Clergy For the Nobilitie and millitary Order were Don Lionell of Nauarre the Kings base brother D. Arnaud Raymond Lord of Grammont D. Arnâ—nd Sanches Lord of Luse D. Pedro Lord of Laxaga D. Martin Henriques of Lacarra Marshal of the realme D. Ramir of Areillan D. Martin Lord of Mearçan and of Saint Iulian D. Iohn of Vcara D. Fernand of Ayanc D. Martin of Ayuar D. Bertrand of Lacarra D. Aluar Diaz of Medrano D. Ximen Garcia Vicont of Baigner D. Pedro Sanches of Corella D. Pedro Ynigues of Vxue D. Martin of Artieda D. Pedro Arnaud of Garro D. Iohn Gaston of Vrroz D. Garcia Ramires of Asiayn D. Iohn of Bern the young Don Pedro Sanches of Licaraçu D. Iohn Rodrigues of Ayuar D. Raymond of Esperça and Don Pedro of Ayanc these were accompanied with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen as it was fit for the Maiesty of such an act The were also the Deputies of the commonalties and good townes of the realme of Pampelone Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere which were thre quarters or countries of the city euery one hauing a seuerall Iudge the which kept them long in diuision and bred lamentable mutinies and seditions but this King by wise councel reduced them all into one body and supprest the cause to the good and quiet of the Inhabitants Moreouer there were present the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite Puent la Reyna Arcos which at this day belongs to Castile Viana Garde which is also of Castile of Saint Vincent of Saint Iohn of Pie de Port of Montreal Ronceuaux Lumber Willafranca of Aguilar of Bernedo at this day vnited to the crowne of Castile and of Lans Besides these deputies there were many Barons Knights and others of quality of Castile France and England which did honour this coronation with the Ambassadors of forraine Christian princes Namely Iohn Vicont of Fussensaguet Raymond of Beruat Lord of Castlenau D. Alphonso of Luna Archdeacon of Girone Doctor Iohn Fernandes of Arana D. Diego Lopes of Estunina high Treasorer Diego Lopes of Lagran Steward to the King of Castile Francis of Pau of Arragon Sicart of Montagu Bernard of Rostaing a Basque These with many others were witnesses of all that past at this ceremony as appeeres by the acts and writings which are in the chamber of accounts of that realme In Iuly following the quire of the church fell where these things were celebrated for the re-edefying whereof the King and others did contribute very much The death of D. Iohn King of Castile fell out then vnfortunatly for the King of Nauarre for besides that hee loued him and was beloued of him like a brother hee was a fit instrument to tame the wilfulnesse of the Queene Donna Leonara
the Capitanato the which each of them pretended for his owne and maintained it for his part because that otherwise they should be depriued of a taxe raysed vppon cattell in that countrey the which in lesse then a moneths space affoorded more then fourescore thousand Duckets and the French men did particularly challenge it because this Capitanato did abound in corne wherewith the countrey of Abruzzo and Terra di Lauor was furnished thinking it to bee a very great losse if they should leaue it to the Spaniards Howsoeuer it was their claime was ambiguous each others limits beeing not plainely specified in the diuision so as they fell to armes more fiercely then before wherein for that time the French-men preuayled and made themselues masters not onely of the ground that was in strife but likewise of many places of Calabria and Puglia for which there had beene no contention at all In the meane space the Arch-duke Philip and Donna Ioane his wife arriued at Guipuscoa where Don Bernard de Rojas and Sandouall Arriuall of the Arch-duke D. Ioane his wife in Castile who was afterward Marquis of Denia with great numbers of Lords and Knights of name waited for them at Fontarabie by whome they were conducted and these Princes passing by Saint Adrians mount did christen Philip de Lascan sonne and heire to the house of Lascan From thence by Alaua Bureua Burgos Vailliodolit Medina del campo Segobia and Madrid in all which places they had sumptuous and magnificent entertainement they came at last to the cittie of Toledo where the three Estates of the Realmes of Castile and Leon were assembled King Fernand and Queene Izabella departing from Seuile Ceremonies at the swearing to the Princes Philip Ioane came likewise to Toledo where after they had beene feasted and entertayned with disports for the space of fifteen dayes Philip of Austria and Donna Ioane were sworne and acknowledged Princes of the Asturia's and eldest heires to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the right of Donna Ioane This was done in the presence of King Fernand and Queene Izabella the Primate Friar Francis Ximenes Arch-bishoppe of the same cittie Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Seuile Cardinall of Saint Sabine and Patriarke of Alexandria the Bishops of Calaorra Palence Osma Cordoua Salamanca Iaen Cité Rodrigo Malaga Mondognedo and other Prelates of Bernardin de Velasco Constable of Castile the Dukes of Infantasgo Alua Bejar Albuquerque and the Marquis of Villena the Earles of Oropesa Miranda and Benalcaçar Crugna Siruella Ribadeo Fuençalida Ajamonte and others with the Procurators and Commissioners of all the citties and prouinces of Spaine which haue place in such assemblies This oath beeing made for Castile King Fernand was desirous to haue the like done for the Kingdome of Arragon and dependancies thereof and so he iourneyed towards Sarragossa leauing the Queene with the Princes at Toledo who went to passe away the hotte time of Iuly and August at Ocagna recreating themselues in the pleasant forrest of Aranjues neere to the riuer Tayo and from thence they departed to Sarragossa where by the Estates they were likewise declared and sworne Princes of Girone heires to Arragon Valence Cattalognia Sicill and other Countries belonging to that Crowne The Queene in the meane time staying at Toledo remooued to Madrid where she beganne to be euill disposed of her person which caused king Fernand to hasten his returne to her the Princes desiring to follow him did separat themselues because the Princesse was with child wherefore shee remayned at Sarragossa and the Prince went to Madrid These matters fell out the yere 1502. wherein dyed the Cardinall Diego Hurtado of Mendoza in the same cittie of Madrid Don Iohn of Estuniga who had beene Master of Alcantara and afterward was Cardinall succeeded him in the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuill The Marquis of Denja dyed likewise The precedent yeare about the time that the Princesse Catherine departed into England Don Iohn d' Arias del Villar dyed who was President of Vailliodolit and Bishop of Segobia in whose place succeeded Doctor Iohn de Medina Bishop of Carthagena There dyed also D. Lewis de la Cerde first Duke of Medina Celi sonne to Earle Gaston The Prince of Wales husband to the Infanta Catherine died likewise this yeare and the Cittie of Gibraltar was re-united to the Crowne and another persecution was raised against the Moores Before the Kings of Castile departed from Siuill to come to Toledo they had sent an Ambassadour to the Souldan of Egipt The king of Castile sends an Ambassade to the grand Cairo who was as Emperour of Arabia acknowledged then for Soueraigne ouer all the Kings of Affricke who had beene informed by the Kings of Tremessen Fez Bugie Tunis and others of diuers rigors and inhumanities exercised vppon the Moores and Iewes dwelling in Spaine which that Prince did greatly recent Peter Martyr of Angleria Ambassador The Ambassadour sent thither was called Peter Martyr Angleria of Milan Deane of Granado a learned and well-experienced person vnto whome were letters of credite and instructions giuen how to appease the Souldan and to perswade him otherwise then he had beene before informed Wherefore he went by Venice where the Seigneurie prouided him of a shippe to carrie him to Alexandria there he found diuers Christian Merchants with a Consul who was a Cattelan by nation by whom hee was well entertayned The Warden of the Monasterie of mount Sion beeing aduertized some few dayes before of his comming sent him word that he would meete him at Cairo therefore Peter Martyr sent certaine Friars before to Cairo whom he had brought with him for to receiue that Friar Warden and to obtaine a safe-conduct for his owne person and trayne from the Souldan to the end to declare his Ambasie vnto him The father Warden and his Friars beeing arriued at Cayro found a Truch-man or Interpreter there who was a Spaniard borne at Momblanc in the Realme of Valencia vnto whom hauing giuen notice of the Ambassadors arriuall at Alexandria and demaunded the safe-conduct the Souldan granted it and sent word to the Gouernor of Alexandria whom the cal Admirall to cause him to be conducted in safetie But the Monkes hauing vnderstood by their conferences with the Truchman how sinisterly the Souldan was possessed against the Kings of Castil by the reports of the Moores of Granado and the Iewes which were expulsed out of Spaine they did aduertize him to be well aduised what he did and to foresee the danger he had put himselfe in by comming to the presence of that angry Prince whose answer perhaps might be death but the Ambassador was no whit amazed thereat but sayd that it would be a great happinesse for him to die in so honourable a cause so he tooke his iourney going against the stream of the riuer Nilus accompanied by diuers Mameluke souldiers Mamelues in Egypt which were Christians renied or children of bought Christians in
in their holy warres and came by the gift of Richard king of England who had conquered it from the Emperours of Constantinople or rather by purchase or exchange to the famous house of Lusignan in France who enioyed it some generations Among the kings of this familie there was one Peter the first of that name who was valiant and went into diuers parts of the world but for some tyrannies and by the conspiracie of his vnchast wife who was of the house of Arragon he was slaine by his subiects to whom Peter the second succeeded in whose time there grew great contention with notable murthers betwixt the Consuls of the Venetian and Genouois nations traffiking in Cypres and the Consul of the Genouois was by his commaundement cast out of the windowes of his palace in fauour of the Venetian wherefore the Genouois being then strong at sea sent a great armie to Cypres sackt the island and seised vpon Famagosta falling to an accord the Genouois carried Iames the kings vncle with his wife away in hostage Peter being dead Iames was deliuered and raigned in Cypres and vpon some rights caused himselfe to bee crowned and called king of Ierusalem and Armenia 1570 although that he possessed not any thing His son named Iaâ—us for that he was born a Genoua which they cal in Latin Ianua succeeded him who was taken by Melech Sala Sultan of Aegypt to whom he paid for his ransom 125000 ducats of gold and a yerely pention by way of tribute After him Iohn his sonne raigned a man of no value who among other wiues had maried one of the bloud royall of the Paleologui named Helene by whom he had a daughter called Charlotte who was maried to a prince of Portugal he tooke the gouernment from his mother in law Helene and therefore she caused him to be poisoned Lewis of Sauoy king of Cypres Charlotte tooke to her second husband Lewis of Sauoy earle of Genoua and seeking to raigne a bastard brother of hers called Iâ—â—es opposed himselfe saying the women did not raigne in Cypres This quarell being debated before the Sultan of Aegypt who as superour of that realme which payed him tribute made himselfe Iudge gaue sentence in fauour of Iames and put him in possession chasing Charlotte and her husband out of the island This 〈◊〉 maried with Katherine Cornari a Venetian who was adopted by the Seigniorie of Venice for the daughter of S. Marc and had an hundred thousand ducats for her dower This Iames being the second of that name dyed in the yeare 1473 leauing the queene his wife with child hauing ordained by his Will that his after birth if it were a sonne should bee heire to the realme It was a sonne and hee was named Iames the third being acknowledged and crowned by the nobles and people of Cypres for their king as soone as hee was borne but hee died at the end of the yeare and then there grew a diuision in the realme for the Regencie and gouernment thereof the which was ended by a resolution taken by the Estates That the widow Queene should raigne and gouerne with the counsell of eight men that should bee chosen the which continued fifteene or sixteene yeares Considering afterwards with what difficultie they should maintaine themselues against the enterprises of the Sultans raigning in Aegypt and in all Syria the Queene and the Councell hauing againe assembled the Estates and the feudataries of the countrey they concluded make donation of the island to the Seigniorie of Venice which was rich and strong and had meanes to defend them Right of the Seigniorie of Venice to Cypres sending the Queene to Venice to signifie the decree and to carrie this goodly present in the yeare 1489 where shee remained and then they sent onely a Lieutenant and certaine officers for the Seigniorie Thus this donation is found written in the Annales of the Cypriots But others say that when as king Iames the second was dead the Venetians being aduertised that he had appointed the infant which should be borne and the mother together to be heires vnto the realme and the one if the other failed the Venetians sent some of their Senators thither as tutors to the king and at the intreatie of the Venetian queene who had a desire to quit her right vnto the Seigniorie and that this young king being dead within the yeare she retired her selfe to Venice Howsoeuer it were they enioyed it aboue fourescore yeares Although that this commonweale be famous for their wisedome in the gouernement of their Estates Tyrannies of the nobilitie ouer the people in Cypres yet they had in time suffered the nobilitie of the countrey to vsurpe a certaine authoritie ouer the common people which exceeded so as their condition did not differ much from slaues for they were beaten sold and slaine at the pleasure of great and couetous men without mercie the which had bred a desire in the people to change their master Whereunto they adde another quarell which was often made vnto the Senat by the great Master of Malta That some priuat men among them had appropriated vnto themselues the Commaunderies of the Order of S. Iohn Vsurpations vpon the religion of Malta in that island and had made them hereditarie to their houses whereof they gaue them no satisfaction Which had made the great Master la Valettâ— to countenance an enterprise which was made to take that island from them and to make a Maltois borne king there who had his beginning from Greece named Basilic much fauoured by the great Turke and who for his valour and merits had bâ—ene made by him Vaiuode or Prince of Transiluania But the matter being discouered it was disappointed and quenched by the punishment of some and a better gard set and yet they did not suppresse the tyranuies of the nobilitie ouer the poore people Who for that cause did still animate the Turke to send an armie into Cypres with assurance of good successe for he should find the inhabitants of the countrey 〈…〉 This was then the cause which had moued Sâ—ltan 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 this yeare the which hee coloured with his old rights of 〈◊〉 and Aegypâ— and other 〈◊〉 vanities 〈◊〉 forth his armie after the returne of his Chaous 〈◊〉 from Venice to inuade â—his island where they landed a great number of Turkes Armie of Turks in Cypres horse and foot in Aprill 〈…〉 called Sâ—lmes finding no resistance so as within few dayes they were aboue foure 〈◊〉 thousand fighting menâ— for the trayâ—ed bands the Tymariots of Syria Aegypt and of Natolia which were neere vnto the sea and in like 〈◊〉 the higher pâ—â—uinâ—es euen vnto the riâ—er Euphrates had beene commaunded to come vnto certaine ports whereas thirtie gallies which Aly Bassa had left after his first landing and some boats to carrie horses went to receiue them and to transport them into the island The which continued many dayes and the Venetians could not
Iohn and very wel allied 2. D. Francisco de Toledo brother to the Earle of Orgas 3. D. Alonso de Luçon 4 D. Nicholas d' Isla or Patritio Anselmo the 5. and last D. Augustin Mexia who afterwards was Castellan of Antwerp there being 32. companies in euery regiment besides certaine Portugal and Italian bands D. Lewis Peres de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia Marquis of Saint Lucars and Knight of the Order of the Golden fleece was General of this great army Officers of the army as you haue heard D. Iohn Martines de Ricaldo was Admiral of the fleet and D. Francisco de Bouadilla Marshall There were of the Councel of war Diego Pimentel Flores de Baldes Pedro de Baldes Michel Oquendo Alonso de Lieua Diego Maldonado D. George Manriques with many others There were many Noblemen and about 120. gentlemen of note voluntaries that went to win honor amongst which were the Prince of Ascoly the Marquis of Pegnafiel the Marquis of Berlango with many others of great account The Duke of Parma during this preparation Preparation of the Duke of Parma to ioyne with the army had commandement from the King of Spaine to make ready ships and boats to land men and to haue his forces in a readinesse to ioyne with his army that came from Spaine who spent much time with great care and industry to prouide all things ready for such an enterprise He had 32. ships of warre within Dunkerke and an infinite number of boats for transportation hee lodged all his forces neere vnto the sea being about 30000. foot and nine hundred horse There came many Princes and Noblemen from forraine countries running to this imaginary conquest Out of Spaine the Duke of Pastrana Prince of Vuly sonne to Ruy Gomes de Sylua but hee was held to bee the Kings base sonne the Marquis of Bourgawe one of the Archduke Fernands sonnes Noblemen come into Flanders D. Vespasian Gonzaga of the house of Mantoua a great souldier D. Iohn de Medicis base sonne to the Duke of Florence D. Amadeus a bastard of Sauoy with many others The Queene of England hearing of all this preparation in Spaine and the Low countries omitted nothing that might serue for her iust defence Preparation in England Shee sent forth her best ships of warre with some Merchants to lie at Plymouth in the West parts there to attend the enemy commanded by the Lord Charles Howard high Admirall of England and now Earle of Nottingham beeing accompanied by the Lord Thomas Howard second sonne to the Duke of Norfolke and now Earle of Suffolke the Lord Sheffeld and many other Noblemen and gentlemen of quality And in the narrow seas betwixt Douer and Calis the Lord Henry Seymor sonne to the Duke of Somerset lay with forty or fifty saile of smaler ships The vnited Prouinces had prouided twenty small ships to keepe all the coast of Flanders where there be great flats and when as the Spanish fleet was ready to come they sent in the end Iustine Nassau their Admirall with fiue and thirty tall ships well appointed to ioyne with the Lord Henry Seymer which ships vnited should keepe the Duke of Parma from comming forth whereon their preseruation did depend But let vs returne to this great fleet of Spaine Spanish fleete disperst at sea which beganne to way anchor at Lisbone on the nine and twentith day of May this yeere 1588. and sailed to the Groine in Gallicia where they tooke in more men and some munition From thence they put to sea but they were disperst by a storme so as the Duke was forced to returne againe vnto the Groine with his fleet eight of his ships hauing spent their masts of the foure gallies one recouered that port the other three were driuen into Bayonne in France whereas all the slaues escaped The army being refreshed and the ships repaired the King did daily importune them to put to sea which they did on the twentith of Iuly sayling till they came to the entry of the English Channel from thence they sent to aduertise the Duke of Parma of their comming to the end hee might bee ready to ioyne with them The fleet was discouered by one captaine Fleming who aduertised the Lord Admirall of England when hee little expected them which made him with all possible speed to drawe his ships out of the hauen of Plymouth imbarking his men with great confusion and difficulty himselfe putting to sea that night but with sixe ships and the rest following as they could The two fleetes hauing discouered one an other on the thirtith day of Iuly the Spaniards leauing the English kept on their course towards Flanders according to the stricknesse of their Commission which was to ioyne with the Duke of Parma and then ioyntly to inuade England In this manner the Spanish fleet went on with a small saile close together fearing to loose some of their company for that the English had got the winde and bare vp within musket shot Passing on in this close manner the Gallion wherein Pedro de Baldes was brake her mast against an other ship so as it was not able to follow the fleete neither would they stay to helpe her but falling off from the rest it yeelded the next day to Sir Francis Drake besides D. Pedro there were diuers gentlemen and 450. men in her and as it was said some of the King of Spaines treasor at the same time Michel d' Oquendos the viceadmiralls ship was by casualty set on fire and burnt to the water of the which there were some saued On the second day of August there was a hot fight betwixt the two fleets right against Portland but the Spaniards left it and went on their intended course On the fourth day was the like before the Isle of Wight where the English Admirall accompanied by the Lord Thomas Howard in the Lyon the Lord Sheffeld in the Beare Sir Robert Southwell in the Elizabeth Ionas with some few others did charge the Spanish Admiral being in the midest of his best ships but in the end the Spaniards went away before the winde and on the sixth of August they came to anchor before Calis meaning there to attend the Duke of Parma whether the next day the English fleet came and anchored close by them who that night sending downe ships before the winde being full of wood poulder wild-fire and other combustible things and beginning to burne they made the Spaniards in that amazement cut their cables and to put confusedly to sea In this confusion the great Galleasse of D. Hugo de Moncado lost her helme and was driuen vpon Callis sands where D. Hugo was slaine and the Galleasse spoiled by the English and lost where there were three hundred slaues set at liberty The morning after their disorder the Spaniards had put themselues againe into battaile and the English charged them before Graueling but they desired to passe along with the winde and to stand
in Spaine of a great army preparing in England to send into Portugall Prouision for defence of Portugal for the restoring of Don Antonio wherevpon the King made prouision for the defence thereof sending the Earle of Fuentes for Generall into Portugall with good troupes hee augmented the number of their horse giuing the charge to D. Alphonso Vargas he made D. Francis de Padiglia Camp-master General Andreas d' Alua Pouruoier and Iohn Maldonado Auditor The prouisions for this enterprise beeing made Voiage of Portugal they went from Plimouth in Aprill Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake being Generalls they had with them sixe of the Queenes twenty ships of warre and as some write a hundred and forty for transportation hauing when they tooke shipping a eleuen thousand souldiers and two thousand fiue hundred marriners within sixe daies after their departure from England being the twentith day of Aprill the army landed in a bay within a mile off the Groine without impeach from whence they marched presently towards the towne approching within halfe a mile they were incountred by the enemy who beeing charged retired to their gates and then the Generall lodged the army in the villages and houses thereabouts Generall Norris hauing viewed the towne before daie resolued for to attempt it by scaladoe and to land some Artillerie to beate the shippes and gallies which did play vpon their troupes Groine the base towne surprized the which was effectually performed so as the Gallies were forced presently to abandon the roade and goe to Farrol and then they prepared with all speed to surprize the base towne the which was done the next day after they entring it in three seuerall places where after good resistance in one place they were forced to abandon it they all retyring into the high towne the which they might easily doe for that the English knew not their passages The rest that were not put to the sword in the fury fled to the rockes in the Island where they did hide themselues in caues whereas many were daily found out D. Iohn de Luna a man of great command hauing hidden himselfe in a house came forth the next morning and yeelded himselfe Iohn de Vera a Commissary of the victuals was also taken that night who confessed that at the entry of the English into the towne there were fiue hundred Spainards in seuen companies as it seemed returned weake from the voyage of England all vnder D. Iohn de Luna the captaines names were D. Diego Baçan base sonne to the Marquis of Santa Cruz. D. Antonio de Herera D. Pedro Manriques brother to the Earle of Paredes D. Ieronimo Mouray of the Order of Saint Iohn hee was in the fort D. Gomes de Caruajal captaine Mouçon and Caucasa de Socas And that the day that the English landed there came from Retenzas the companies of D. Iohn de Mosale and of D. Pedro Ponce de Leon. He confessed moreouer that there was order giuen for the baking of 300000. of biscuit that there was two thousand pipes of wine in the towne and a hundred and fifty in the ships That there was lately come 300000. ducats from the Marquis of Seralba That there was a thousand Iarres of oyle with great store of beanes pease wheat and fish That there were three thousand kintals of beefe and not twenty daies before there entred three barkes laden with mach and harguebuses There were some others taken and there were slaine by the common souldiers about fiue hundred At their first entry into the towne the souldiers finding three sellars full of wine distempred themselues so as many beeing drunke were hurt from the high towne and this disorder was the cause of a great mortality which fell in the English army There was aboundance of victuals and prouision for shipping and warre which the Commissary confest to be for a new voyage into England After the taking of the base towne there came some two thousand men out of the country downe to the very gates as resolutly as if they would haue entred but the English that were in gard making head against them they fled away disordredly hauing lost some eighteene of their men The Generall attempted the high towne both by mine and battery and going to the assault the loose rubish vnder their feete failed them so as they could not stand They had diuers men hurt in their retreat and they lost some twenty or thirty vnder the ruines of a tower which fell The day after that the English had offred an assault Succors come to releeue the Groyne the General vnderstood by a prisoner that the Earle of Andrada had gathered an army together of eight thousand men at Puente de Burgos six miles from the towne which was but the beginning of an army there being a greater leauy ready to come vnder the conduct of the Earle of Altemira either to releeue the Groyne or to incampe neere vnto the place where the English should imbarke and to hinder there shipping for to that end the Marquis of Seralba had written vnto them both the first night of their landing as the Commissary had confest or else to stop their passage into the country whether they went daily by troupes and burnt spoiled and tooke great booties The Generall resolued the next day to goe and visit these forces leading nine Regiments with him In the foreward were the regiments of Sir Edward Norrys Master of the Ordinance Sir Roger Williams and Collonel Sydneys In the battaile that of the Generall of Collonel Lane and Collonel Medkerke And in the reereward Sir Henry Norrys Collonel Huntleys and Collonel Brets Regiments leauing the other fiue Regiments with Generall Drake for the garde of the Ordinance Vpon the sixth day of May in the morning they discouered the enemy within halfe a mile off their campe against whom the shot of the foreward skirmished and forced them to retire vnto their bridge which was of stone built vpon Arches ouer a creeke that came from the sea At the foote whereof on the other side the enemy lay verie strongly intrenched who beeing with his shot at the further end of the bridge Sir Edward Norris who ledde the foreward and marched in the head of the pikes past the bridge without any stay at all beeing accompanied by Colonell Sydney Captaine Hinder Captain Fulford and others The way was euen but they must passe thorough a storme of small shot for the bridge was flanked on both sides with their shot at the farther end there was a barricado but they that had it in gard seeing the proud approch of the English Sir Edward Norris nurt forsooke it where Sir Edward Norris entred and charging the first he encountred with his pike ouer-thrusting himselfe hee fell and was sore hurt on the head at the sword but was honorably rescued by the Generall his brother Colonell Sidney and some other Gentlemen Captaine Hinder hauing his cask shot off had fiue wounds in the
not onely for Peres but also for their liberties that made them to stirre they went and intreated Giles de Meza to bee their head who hauing taken vpon him this charge with those men he had and such as came scattering vnto him hee charged the horsemen and the rest of the Gouernours souldiers whom he presently put to flight who were also set vpon by two hundred children armed according to their ages and strength and a poore naturall foole who played his part with stoanes Finally their fury was so great as they flew the Coche Moyles and burnt the Coches which should haue carried Peres and his companion into Castile they also set fire of the house whereas the Viceroy and other Noblemen had saued themselues There were slaine in this tumult the said Iohn Lewis Murano and Pedro Ieronimo of Baradix one of the chiefe Councellors of the towne This Combate happened for their liberties was done with such zeale and heate as a very old man would haue exposed sixe or seauen of his sonnes to sacrifice themselues for this cause commanding them to arme and rather to dye and a Gentlewoman of a good family sent her Nephew and onely heyre The furie being past by the death of fifty or sixtie persons and aboue a hundred and fifty hurt the people returned to the prison with an intent to haue Peres The Officers of the Inquisition seeing in what danger they were tooke off his fetters and by their Maisters commandement intreated him to goe out of prison fearing to be slaine there Peres demanded an Acte but for that by reason of the confusion hee could not haue it hee went forth to the great ioy and content of all the people who conducted him to the house of Don Diego of Eredia This done they went to retire Iohn Francisco Maiorini setting all the other prisoners at liberty The same night Peres went out of Saragoça with Giles de Meza remaining three dayes vpon a Mountaine during the which hee vnderstood that the Gouernour caused him to be pursued wherevpon hee returned back into the towne where he lay hid forty dayes to vnderstand what would become of this businesse which was that they prepared an Armie in Castile to come towards Saragoça and yet the Viceroy gaue out a brute of an Accord which was but to vnderstand where Peres remained as appeared by the letters of an Inquisitor who had feed men to that end hoping by such a seruice to get an Archbishopricke By reason whereof Peres retired the day before that Don Alonso de Vergas entred with his Armie into Saragoça hiding himselfe among the rocks vntill in the end hee came to Sala where hee rested himselfe some dayes vntill that hearing of the new and intollerable Accord hee sent Gilles de Maza vnto the Lady Catherine Princesse of Nauarre Peres escape◠out of Arragon and comes to Paris the French Kings onely sister intreating her to receiue them vnder her protection and safegard And hauing certaine intelligence that they pursued him and sought him in all places hee went by night from Sala and came to Pao Action of Arragon where hee found Giles de Meza with an answer from the Princesse which was that hee might come boldly where hee should find all freedom going comming or staying with liberty of his religion yea shee sent some horses to fetch him vnto her Where beeing arriued and hauing saluted the Princesse she gaue him as good a reception as he could expect of such a Lady Perez beeing thus vnder the protection of this Princesse the greedinesse of the Spaniard to shed his bloud did hunt after his death offering new Accords to entertaine him neere vnto them vntill they might finde some meanes to effect their desseignes to which end they bargained with diuerse persons for his life Beeing at Pao there was a very good agreement offred him by Don Martin de la Nuca in the behalfe of the Viceroy of Don Alonso de Vergas and of the Inquisitors but he durst not trust them Many letters haue discouered the treasons and practises to murther Perez and the names of the vnder-takers among others of one Bastamantes his owne kinsman of another Arragonois furnished with poyson and letters from the Viceroy found about him who being discouered hee was condemned to dye but at the request of Perez the Princesse pardoned him then there was another of Nauarre hired to that end who discouered himselfe to Iohn Francisco Maiorini to whom in the King of Spaines name hee promised pardon and great rewards But going about to perswade him by his reasons that in executing the Kings will to murther or poyson Perez was no treason Iohn Francisco hauing discouered the ground of his speech hee reuealed him and the Nauarrois was banished They would also haue suborned a naturall Foole to murther him but he was wiser then they that sought to corrupt him All these practises and attempts were the cause that Perez retired into England considering that in France hee should neuer bee safe from such practisers against his life Notwithstanding that hee was comprehended in the letters of Pardon granted to them that had offended the King of Spaine which were afterwards dispersed throughout the world Wherevnto hee would not trust taking example by Don Bernardo de Cabrera the Kings Secretarie who seeing how hee was enuied retired from Court and became a Priest yet the King called him back againe beeing loth to loose such a seruant beeing returned their enuie increased and he was so violently pursued as Don Pedro of Arragon caused him to loose his head like a traytor and yet afterwards this Don Pedro dying hee declared him an Innocent and to haue beene faithfull saying that hee had been abused by his houshold seruants who hated Cabrera commanding that all his lands and goods should bee restored to his Nephew which had beene confiscated In the meane time the Innocent man was dead and had suffered wrongfully The like was seene at Brussells in the Councell of the troubles who put to death during their greatest executions a poore innocent man that was a prisoner who had neuer beene called heard nor examined so as some three or foure moneths after his death when they came to call him to bee examined they found that hee had beene executed without any arraignment or sentence giuen Wherewith some of the Councellors that were borne in the countrey beeing troubled in conscience the Councellor Vergas a Spaniard sayd vnto them Trouble not your selues it imports not if he bee dead an Innocent his soule is the more happy and his body is freed from all miseries But returning to that which followed in the towne of Saragoça after the departure of Perez The King of Spaine to bee reuenged for this tumult gathered an armie together vpon the frontiers of Castile giuing it out that it was to bee sent into France to succour the League of the which Don Alonso de Vergas was Generall who hearing that Perez was
within these walles at this instant aboue two thousand fighting men which are strong and able besides which some hauing been sicke and hurt recouer daily the greatest part of these consisting of old Soldiers which fal not but by the sword and those that were new being now both trained to their arms and acquainted with the clymate are more able to endure than at the first our means as good as they haue beene any time these two moneths such as Spaniards can wel indure and able to suffice vs three moneths more wee lodge in good warme houses haue store of munition and which is best of all stand well assured that our succour will be here shortly To bee plaine wee preserue our men and reserue our strength the best we may hoping to front you in a breach which if our hearts faile vs not wee haue hands and brests enow to stop against treble your forces but I wil giue the Viceroy this right that his men are passing good yet spent and tyred with the miseries of a Winter seege which hee hath obstinately maintained beyond my expectation but with such caution and vpon so good gard as hauing nicely watched all aduantages I could neuer fasten a salley yet vpon him but with losse to my selfe wherein I must confesse my hopes were deceiued that grounding vpon some error in his approaches I promised vnto my selfe the defear of at least a thousand men at one blow But when wee meet vpon a breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the ground and rest hopefull that the losse of those will make a great hole in an army which hath already suffered so much extremity But to conclude our businesse the king my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnel presuming on their promise that I should within few daies after the arriuall of our forces haue ioyned with them I expected them long in vaine sustained the Viceroys armie saw them drawne to the greatest head they could possibly make lodged within two miles of Kinsale fortified with certaine companies of Spaniards euerie houre promising to releeue vs and beeing ioyned together to force your campe At last wee saw them broken with a handful of men and dispersed into diuers parts of the world Odonnel into Spain Oneale into the farthest parts of the North so as now I finde no such Condees in rerum natura as I came to ioine with and therefore haue mooued this accord the rather to disingage the king my master from assisting a people so vnable in thēselues as the whole burthen of the warre must lie vpon him and so prefidious as perhaps they might be drawne in the end to betray him Vpon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy Councel of these offers made by D. Iohn it was thoght good for many important reason to proceed roundly to an accord there being nothing propounded by him that admitted any exception but that he demanded to carrie away his ordnance 1601 munition treasure which did not so much import as it should breake off the treatie which concerned the common good and safety of the kingdom whereupon a composition was made vpon these articles following 1 That said D. Iohn d' Aguilar shall quit the places which he holds in this kingdome as well the towne of Kinsale Articles of the accord at Kinsale as those which are held by the Spaniards or other souldiers vnder his command in Castell-hauen Baltemore and in the Castell of Beerhauen or other places to the Lord deputie or to whome he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation sufficient shipping and victuals for his said Souldiers with the which the said D. Iohn may passe with them into Spaine if he may at one time if not at two shippings 2 That the Souldiers which are at this present vnder the command of the said D. Iohn in this kingdome shall not beare armes against the Queenes Maiesty of England whensoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine vntill the said Souldiers be vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being sent away as soone as may be by the Lord Deputy as hee promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said D. Iohn and his army as well Spaniards as other nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that he may depart with his armes munition money ensignes displaied artillerie and any other prouisions for warre or other things both that which is in Castel-hauen Kinsale and other places 4 That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money after such rates as they vse here to pay That all the Souldiers and the said things may be shipt if it bee possible at one time if not at two and that to bee within the time aboue mentioned 5 That if by contrarie winds or any other accidents there shall come into any of the ports of Ireland or England any of those ships wherein the said Soldiers shall passe they shall bee intreated as friends and may ride safely in the harbour be victualled for their mony shal moreouer haue such things as shal be needful to furnish thē for their voiage 6 That during the time they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to D. Iohns people at reasonable rates 7 That there shall be cessation of armes of either side security giuen that no wrong be offered to any one 8 That the ships wherein the said Souldiers shall be transported for Spaine may passe safely by any of the queenes Maiesties ships of England and so shal the said Queenes and her subiects by those that shal go from hence and the said ships being ariued in Spaine shall return as soone as they haue vnshipt their men without any impediment giuen thē by his Maiestie or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and help them if they need any thing and for securitie thereof they shall deliuer into the Lord deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chose 9 For assurance of the performance of these articles D. Iohn promiseth that hee will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement whereunto some of the captaines vnder his charge shall in like maner sweare 10 That the said D. Iohn shall remain within the realme of Ireland where the Lord deputy shal appoint vntill the last shipping vpon his Lordships word if it happen that his soldiers be shipt all at once the said D. Iohn may go in the same fleet without any let but rather the Lord deputy shall giue him a good ship wherein he may passe and if his men go in two shippings then he shall go in the last 11 And in like maner the said Lord deputy shal confirm sweare the same giue his word in the Q. Maiesties behalf his own to keep accomplish this accord that the chiefe
Violant Queene of Castille D. Constance wife to D. Manuell D. Sancha D. Maria. Of D. Ferdinand 3. sonne to D. Iames of Maiorca and of Isabell heire of Morec issued D. Iames king of Maiorca D. Frederic And of his 2. wife of Cypres D. Ferdinand D. Iames sonne to D. Ferdinand had by Constance of Arragon Isabell Marquesse of Montferrat Iames heire of Maiorca King Iames had also by D. Theresa Gil de Bridaure whom hee had married secretly D. Pedro Lord of Ayerbes D. Iames Lord of Xerica D. Berenguela a concubine D. Pedro Fernandes Lord of Ixar Of the daughter of D. Sancho d' Antillaâ— a concubine D. Ferdinand Sanches IX D. PEDRO third of that name son to D. Iames 1 in the yere 1276 he raigned 9 yeres D. CONSTANCE daughter to Manfroy bastard to the Emperour Frederic 2 his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iames King of Sicile and then of Arragon D. Frederic King of Sicile D. Pedro. D. Isabel Queene of Portugall D. Constance or Violant queen of Naples D. Maria Nicolosa a concubine brought him D. Iames Perez D. Anne Zapate a concubine mother to D. Ferdinand By another concubine not named D. Sancho X. D. ALPHONSO third of that name sonne to D. Pedro in the yeare 1285 he raigned six yeares and died without children XI D. IAMES second of that name brother to D. Alphonso in the yeare 1291 he raigned 36 yeares BLANCHE daughter to Charles King of Naples called the Lame his wife mother to Children D. Iames who became a Monke D. Alphonso D. Pedro Earle of Ampurias D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prages D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo D. Constance wife to D. Iohn Manuel D. Maria wife to D. Pedro of Castille D. Blanche a Nunne D. Violant Princesse of Tarentum D. Isabel wife to the Emperour Frederic the third This King had first of all maried D. ISABEL daughter to D. Sancho King of Castille but the Pope dissolued this mariage D. MARIA of Cypres was his third wife D. ECLISENDE sister to Othon of Moncado his fourth wife By a concubine not named D. Iames of Arragon Earle of Luna XII D. ALPHONSO fourth sonne to D. Iames 2 in the yere 1328 and raigned 8 yeres D. THERESA ENTENZA Countesse heire of Vrgel his wife Children D. Pedro King D. Iames Earle of Vrgel D. Constance Queene of Majorca Some write hee had fiue other children which died D. LEONORA of Castille his second wife mother to D. Ferdinand Marquesse of Tortosa D. Iohn XIII D. PEDRO 4 of that name son to D. Alphonso 4 in the yere 1336 he raigned 51 yeres D. MARIA second daughter to Philip 3 King of Nauarre his wife Children D. Constance Queene of Sicile D. Ioane Countesse of Ampurias D. Maria. A sonne which dyed young D. LEONORA or ELVIRA of Portugall his second wife D. CONSTANCE or LEONORA of Sicile sister to King Lewis his 3 wife mother to Children D. Iohn King D. Alphonso D. Martin who was King D. Leonora Queene of Castille D. SIBILLE FORTIA widow to Artolde Fosses his 4 wife by whom he had D. Isabel Countesse of Vrgel XIIII D. IOHN 1 of that name son to D. Pedro 4 in the yere 1387 and raigned 8 yeares D. MATTHEA daughter to the Earle of Armaignac D. Iames who dyed D. Ioane wife to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix. D. VIOLANT second wife to D. Iohn mother to Children D. Violant wife to Lewis of Anjou mother to Lewis Rene. Iohn Duke of Calabria Nicholas Marquesse of Pont. Marguerite Queene of England Violant Duchesse of Lorraine Charles Earle of Mayne One sonne who dyed young XV. D. MARTIN brother to D. Iohn deceased for want of heires male by him succeeded by election of the Estates and by will to the realme of Arragon to the prejudice of D. Ioane Countesse of Foix and against her matrimoniall conuentions and the promises made by her father and grandfather to Mathew of Castelbon her husband D. MARIA de Luna was his first wife before he came to the Crowne by whom he had D. Martin who was King of Sicile and dyed before his father without any children D. MARGVERITE de Prades his 2 wife by whom he left no issue XVI D. FERDINAND first of that name brother to Henrie 3 king of Castille hee obtained the realme of Arragon by election of the Estates all other pretendants being rejected in the yeare 1412 and raigned about foure yeares D. LEONORA d' Albuquerque a Princesse of the bloud of Castille his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iohn King of Nauarre and Arragon D. Henrie Master of S. Iames in Castille D. Sancho Master of Alcantara D. Pedro. D. Marie Queene of Castille D. Leonora Queene of Portugall XVII D. ALPHONSO 5 of that name sonne to D. Ferdinand in the yere 1416 he raigned 42 yeares D. MARIE of Castille his wife but without children By concubines not named he had D. Ferdinand king of Naples D. Maria Marquesse of Ferrara D. Leonora Princesse of Rossano XVIII D. IOHN second of that name brother to king Alphonso fift for want of lawfull heires succeeded to the Realme of Arragon in the yeare 1458 and raigned one and twentie yeares and sixe moneths D. BLANCHE of Nauarre his first wife in whose right he was king of Nauarre and had by her three children D. Charles who died before his father and had these base children D. Philip Master of Montesa D. Iohn Bishop of Huesca D. Anne duchesse of Medina Celi D. Blanche Queene of Castille D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre D. Ioane daughter to D. Frederic Henriques Admirall of Castille his second wife mother to D. Ferdinand king of Arragon Castille Nauarre c. D. Ioane Queene of Naples By concubines whose names are vnknowne Bastards D. Alphonso Earle of Vilhermosa D. Iohn Archbishop of Saragosse D. Leonora Countesse of Lerin D. Ferdinand D. Maria. XIX D. FERDINAND second of that name sonne to king Iohn in the yeare 1479 he raigned 37 yeares in Arragon D. ISABEL Queene of Castille his wife by whom the realmes of Arragon and Castille were vnited D. Ioane mother to the Emperour Charles the fift The other children of D. Ferdinand and D. Isabel are mentioned in the Line of Castille D. GERMAINE second wife to king Ferdinand D. Iohn who died an infant The Vicountesse of Eboli a concubine mother to D. Alfonso of Arragon Arch-bishop of Saragosse Of another concubine D. Ioane of Arragon wife to D. Bernardin de Velasco Constable Of D. Tota of Bilbao a concubine D. Marie of Arragon a Nun. By a Portugall of the family of Pereira D. Marie of Arragon a Nun. Line of Cattelogne BERNARD Earle Duke and Marques of Spaine vnder Charles the great confirmed by Lewis the gentle gouerned Cattelogne about the yere 795. D. GEOFFREY d' Arria Earle of Barcelona vnder the French in the yeere 839. D. ALMIRA his wife a French woman mother to D. Geoffrey the hairie D. SALOMON Earle of
they had a joyfull entrie made them The head of Aben Aboo was put in a cage of yron and set ouer the citie gate which lookes towards the Alpuxarres The bodie being quartered was hung vpon the high-wayes Troubles of the Moors specified After which there was not any Moore found to make head all layed aside armes and submitted themselues to the kings mercie according to the generall pardon which was graunted to Francis Barrero But they were all drawne out of the mountaines and the townes of Granado and thereabouts and sent into plaine countries and more accessible to inhabit as the Emperour Traian did with the auncient Spaniards who were accustomed to rebell often vpon the assurance of their townes and castles built vpon the edge of the mountaines the which he caused to be rased and commanded by an Edict that they should not build any more but in the plaines Thus ended the warre of the Moores of Granado in Nouember 1570 hauing continued neere two yeares verie daungerous and difficult being rashly caused by the ill vsage of them that they call old Christians in Spaine by the importune pursuits of the Clergie and Inquisition and by the bad administration of justice and insolencie of the ministers there of and no lesse inconsiderately entertained by the impatiencie of the Moores and augmented by their obstinacie and ignorance which suggested wicked and monstrous conceptions The charge and losse was great for there was aboue fiue millions of crownes of the kings treasure spent in this warre The interest of priuat men and the spoyle and vnpeopling of the countrey was inestimable in the which aboue thirtie thousand Christians lost their liues As for the Moores that were slaine of all ages and sexes the number cannot be saied for a great realme might haue beene peopled therewith If they had been intreated with more mildnesse and humanitie without doubt they might easily haue kept them in obedience and by little and little might haue made them leaue that which was vnpleasing or scandalous in their manner of liuing and as for religion they should bee instructed with more care and charitie causing that injurious contempt which is ordinarie in Spaine and other places of them that are newly come to the knowledge of Iesus Christ to cease being vnpleasing vnto God King Philip being somewhat freed from cares by the end of this warre with the Moores of Granado hee would haue his mariage consummated with Anne of Austira Mariage of king Philip with his neece his neece daughter to his sister and to the Emperour Maximilian for the which he obtained a dispensation from the Pope according to the vse of that holy Church She past through the Low Countries and was receiued by the duke of Alba at Nymeghen with great honour who conducted her to Brussels and so to Flessingue where shee imbarked in October and within eight dayes arriued happily in Biscaie being accompanied by the Archdukes Albert and Wenceslaus her brethren being verie young Shee was receiued there by the cardinall of Seuille whom the king had sent thither to doe that office The king entertained her at Segouia with that state that was befitting the greatnesse then passing on to Madrid whereas the widow Queene of Portugall met them they were maried with great solemnitie The king of Spaine as wee haue said was solicited to enter-into league with the Pope and the Venetians against whom Selym the great Turke picking a quarell had declared warre And for that the danger of this warre required aid the Pope sent a Nuntio into Spaine which was Lewis Torres clerke of the chamber with speciall order from him to draw the king into this league but aboue all to craue the assistance of his gallies for that present yeare that being ioyned with them of Venice they might goe and make head against that mightie fleet which the Turke had sent to sea The king knowing how much it did import himselfe and the whole state of Christendome King of 〈◊〉 sends his 〈◊〉 to assist the â—â—netions being moued with many speciall considerations hee graunted his gallies which were then readie in Italie Wherefore he sent a speciall commission to Iohn Andrew Doria That according to the Popes pleasure he should go as head of those gallies to Messina but he gaue him no direction that hee should goe from thence to Corfu to ioyne with the Venetian armie and with the Popes gallies which were commaunded by Mars Anthonie Colonna and that hee should leaue the commaund of all vnto Colonna being lent by the king vnto his Holinesse the which being not well specified was a great prejudice to the armie that yeare But the businesse of the league being treated of in the kings Councell with great deliberation was not so easily concluded notwithstanding that Torres and Leonardo Donata a Senator of great worth sent from the State of Venice into Spaine did solicite it verie earnestly but the importance of the businesse the ordinarie disagreement which is found in all Councels consisting of men of diuers complexions and the naturall slownesse of that nation made those embassadours to spend many monethes in vaine and did somewhat coole the ardent desire the king had to satisfie the Pope and that Commonweale as he did afterwards shew â—y the effects But to come to the cause of this warre The Turke had sent a Chaous to the Venetians that they should without delay deliuer vnto him the island of Cypres which did belong vnto him as hauing succeeded to the rights of the Emperours of Constantinople the kings of Ierusalem and of the auncient kings of Syria and Aegypt the which said hee they had gotten away Warre 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 against the â—â—netians The which hauing refused he denounced war against them wherein they had great difficulties being surprised for that it was before the succours â—ame which they had begged from the king of Spaine the Pope and other princes who performed not their promises but verie late after the losse of Nicosia and all they had in that island euerie one selling the succours which hee had promised in balancing the interest they had to oppose against the Turke and seeking to contribute with some aduantage for his owne particular But the next yeare there was a league made as you shall heare by the which D. Iohn of Austria the kings brother was chosen to be Generall of the confederates armie against the Turke The enterprise which the Turke made vpon Cypres and the battell at sea which happened vpon this occasion is memorable and merits a particular relation in this historie of Spaine for that the power and meanes of king Philip did much auaile and D. Iohn of Austira his brother had the honour to be Generall of the armie at sea and woon a famous victorie The island of Cypres was in truth a remainder of the Empire of Constantinople Cypres an island and a realme and of the realme of Ierusalem erected by the French