law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o â—_z of_o merchant_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n which_o law_n merchant_n he_o say_v as_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v of_o that_o law_n 3._o non_fw-la erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la haec_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n he_o say_v further_a that_o until_o he_o understand_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n he_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n that_o england_n entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o port_n and_o so_o much_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concern_v merchant_n or_o ship_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v those_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n mariner_n to_o which_o happy_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o french_a agent_n mention_v ancient_a addition_n of_o the_o realm_n relate_v be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o ancient_a black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o certain_a royal_a ordinance_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o realm_n 2_o the_o judgement_n or_o resolution_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o 3_o certain_a verdict_n give_v upon_o a_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n touch_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n mr._n selden_n style_v it_o 28._o vetusti_fw-la tribunalis_fw-la maritimi_fw-la commentarii_fw-la and_o codex_fw-la manuscriptus_fw-la de_fw-la admiralatu_fw-la and_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n 32._o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o worthy_a of_o observation_n constitution_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o touch_v the_o judgement_n or_o law_n of_o oleron_n 254._o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n mr._n selden_n where_o he_o from_o they_o argue_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o regard_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o do_v publish_v the_o sea_n law_n in_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n say_v that_o they_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n likewise_o argue_v 234._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v there_o make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1376._o in_o the_o 49._o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o by_o eighteen_o expert_a seaman_n before_o william_n nevil_n admiral_n of_o the_o north_n philip_n courtny_n admiral_n of_o the_o west_n and_o the_o lord_n latimer_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o relate_v as_o by_o the_o title_n appear_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o former_a time_n the_o verdict_n there_o give_v be_v desire_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n in_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o thames_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o owner_n master_n and_o mariner_n of_o ship_n under_o penalty_n 17._o etc._n etc._n and_o malines_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v they_o enroll_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 2_o that_o general_o where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n several_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 37._o gregorius_n tholosanus_n say_v judicum_fw-la diversorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la eo_fw-la dirigitur_fw-la ut_fw-la light_n facilius_fw-la expediantur_fw-la ne_fw-la immortales_fw-la sint_fw-la sub_fw-la judicibus_fw-la mole_n negotiorum_fw-la occupatis_fw-la &_o proinde_fw-la cum_fw-la commercia_fw-la hominum_fw-la sint_fw-la maximae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la placuit_fw-la negotiatoribus_fw-la proponi_fw-la proprios_fw-la judices_fw-la and_o according_o first_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o special_a and_o proper_a judge_n appoint_v for_o those_o business_n so_o suidas_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o natodicae_fw-la be_v magistrate_n who_o do_v justice_n to_o seaman_n and_o other_o who_o trade_n by_o sea_n and_o the_o athenian_n have_v a_o express_a law_n to_o that_o purpose_n atticis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o action_n concern_v seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v commence_v before_o the_o judge_n call_v the_o smothetae_fw-la according_a to_o their_o instrument_n of_o contract_n and_o deal_n second_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o officer_n call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la by_o tully_n and_o livy_n 14._o and_o javolenus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o seius_n saturninus_n archigubernius_fw-la classis_fw-la britannicae_n and_o tacitus_n of_o praetor_n classis_fw-la which_o name_n import_v a_o power_n of_o judicature_n in_o latter_a time_n they_o have_v also_o a_o magistrate_n who_o be_v call_v comes_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la commercijs_fw-la who_o office_n be_v to_o oversee_v matter_n of_o commerce_n or_o negotiation_n three_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v break_v into_o several_a state_n the_o lesser_a as_o republic_n have_v their_o consul_n and_o the_o great_a kingdom_n have_v their_o admiral_n to_o order_n and_o determine_v those_o business_n the_o office_n of_o the_o consul_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o consolato_fw-la del_fw-it mare_fw-la consoli_n determinano_n â—utti_v le_fw-fr controversy_n 20._o etc._n etc._n the_o consul_n determine_v all_o controversy_n which_o be_v for_o fraight_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o good_n on_o shipbord_n for_o part_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v set_v to_o sale_n at_o a_o outcry_n for_o commission_n give_v to_o master_n and_o mariner_n for_o debt_n contract_v by_o master_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o thing_n promise_v or_o undertake_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n for_o good_n take_v up_o at_o sea_n and_o general_o for_o all_o other_o contract_n and_o business_n which_o be_v declare_v among_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n 27._o four_o the_o venetian_a state_n be_v a_o seignory_n when_o any_o great_a war_n be_v expect_v or_o undertake_v have_v their_o general_n or_o supreme_a commander_n of_o the_o navy_n who_o be_v of_o as_o high_a a_o esteem_n as_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o all_o officer_n and_o other_o of_o the_o navy_n at_o other_o time_n the_o legatus_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o vice-general_n have_v the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o over_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o galley_n and_o other_o person_n of_o the_o navy_n 17._o they_o have_v beside_o four_o consul_n who_o judge_n and_o determine_v all_o matter_n concern_v negotiation_n and_o trade_n 26._o five_o admiral_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o beginning_n as_o most_o affirm_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n and_o that_o in_o magna_fw-la graecia_n which_o be_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n where_o the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n be_v the_o three_o place_n to_o wit_n after_o the_o vice_n roy_fw-fr admire_v and_o constable_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o building_n repair_v and_o keep_v of_o the_o ship_n royal_a and_o set_v out_o of_o the_o fleet_n for_o war_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o have_v also_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a among_o commander_n officer_n and_o other_o employ_v about_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o who_o get_v their_o livelihood_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o art_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v such_o which_o transport_v in_o ship_n and_o adventure_v their_o estate_n by_o sea_n as_o also_o such_o that_o make_v it_o their_o trade_n to_o take_v fish_n or_o do_v build_v ship_n this_o court_n be_v call_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n only_o to_o the_o supreme_a
and_o weight_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o make_v spoil_n of_o wreck_n so_o that_o the_o owner_n come_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n can_v have_v their_o good_n 6_o of_o such_o as_o claim_v wreck_n have_v neither_o charter_n nor_o prescription_n 7_o of_o wear_v riddle_n blind-stake_n water-millsâ—_a etc._n etc._n whereby_o ship_n or_o man_n have_v be_v lose_v or_o endanger_v 8_o of_o remove_v anchor_n and_o cut_v of_o buoyrope_n 9_o of_o such_o as_o take_v salmon_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 10_o of_o such_o as_o spoil_v the_o breed_n of_o oyster_n or_o dreg_n for_o oyster_n and_o mussel_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 11_o of_o such_o as_o fish_v with_o unlawful_a net_n 12_o of_o take_v royal_a fish_n viz._n whale_n sturgeon_n purpoise_n etc._n etc._n and_o detain_v the_o one_o half_a from_o the_o king_n three_o offence_n against_o the_o admiral_n the_o navy_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o judge_n entertain_v plea_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o admiralty_n cause_n sue_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o of_o such_o as_o hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o admiral_n process_n 2_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n contemptuous_a to_o the_o admiral_n 3_o of_o the_o admiral_n share_n of_o weif_n or_o derelict_n and_o of_o deodand_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 4_o of_o fletson_n jetson_n and_o lagon_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o freight_n stranger_n bottom_n where_o ship_n of_o the_o land_n may_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a rate_n 6_o of_o shipwrights_a take_v excessive_a wage_n 7_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n take_v excessive_a wage_n 8_o of_o pilot_n by_o who_o ignorance_n ship_n have_v miscarry_v 9_o of_o mariner_n forsake_v their_o ship_n 10_o of_o mariner_n rebellious_a and_o this_fw-mi obedient_a to_o their_o master_n in_o the_o same_o ancient_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n there_o be_v a_o copy_n of_o a_o more_o ancient_a enquiry_n touch_v admiral_n cause_n wherein_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o constitution_n make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o at_o grimesby_n viz._n that_o ship_n arrest_v for_o the_o king_n service_n break_v arrest_n shall_v be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n and_o by_o king_n john_n at_o hastings_n that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o salt_n water_n by_o meers_n riddle_n and_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pull_v down_o and_o the_o fish_n cry_v common_a to_o all_o people_n be_v likewise_o order_v by_o king_n john_n this_o may_v suffice_v to_o confirm_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a special_a cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a which_o do_v ancient_o belong_v and_o proper_o to_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o to_o show_v that_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o whole_o confine_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n 4_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n first_o it_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n by_o prescribe_v law_n and_o statute_n for_o the_o preserve_a peace_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o exercise_v all_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v concern_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o same_o which_o be_v grant_v his_o power_n to_o depute_v a_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n to_o those_o purpose_n with_o so_o much_o of_o his_o authority_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a can_v be_v deny_v second_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o admiral_n be_v agreeable_a to_o commission_n ancient_o grant_v and_o which_o have_v be_v pass_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o the_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v who_o have_v thereunto_o set_v the_o great_a seal_n 127._o and_o that_o the_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n be_v design_v by_o st_n edward_n cook_n by_o refer_v to_o grant_n of_o those_o office_n ancient_o make_v by_o many_o several_a king_n with_o exception_n only_o to_o one_o irregular_a precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o three_o that_o mr._n selden_n show_v that_o all_o the_o patent_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n 17._o from_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n time_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n have_v be_v conceive_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n and_o tenor_n as_o of_o edward_n lord_n clintâ—on_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n under_z king_n philip_z and_o queen_n marry_o of_o charles_n howard_n lord_n effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n under_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n after_o king_n charles_n under_o king_n james_n and_o of_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n under_o king_n james_n and_o king_n charles_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o patent_n of_o algernon_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o of_o james_n the_o most_o illustrious_a duke_n of_o york_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o four_o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o deputy_n proceed_v according_a to_o his_o commission_n be_v express_o allow_v by_o king_n philip_n and_o queen_n mary_n where_o they_o by_o a_o statute_n restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o corn_n without_o licence_n mar._n make_v a_o special_a provision_n that_o that_o act_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o the_o lord_n great_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n majesty_n jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o that_o the_o say_a lord_n admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n shall_v exercise_v use_n and_o execute_v all_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o his_o or_o their_o commission_n which_o provision_n although_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o statute_n yet_o it_o show_v what_o respect_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n intend_v to_o their_o lord_n high_a admiral_n their_o own_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n in_o all_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o the_o commission_n by_o they_o grant_v against_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n as_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o as_o it_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o court_n it_o be_v pretend_v in_o general_a that_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a first_o to_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n second_o to_o divers_a judgement_n book-case_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o admiral_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la all_o which_o more_o special_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n first_o where_o the_o admiral_n meddle_v with_o contract_n and_o write_n concern_v sea_n business_n make_v within_o the_o realm_n second_o where_o he_o meddle_v with_o other_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o three_o with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v or_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v first_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o which_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n second_o that_o of_o the_o 15._o of_o the_o same_o king_n chap._n 3._o which_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n within_o body_n of_o county_n three_o that_o of_o 2_o hen._n the_o 4._o which_o inflict_v penalty_n on_o those_o who_o sue_v or_o proceed_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o four_o that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o exclude_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o port_n and_o river_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v more_o general_a may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v consider_v the_o rest_n be_v more_o particular_a may_v in_o discuss_v of_o some_o other_o particular_a point_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appliable_a be_v examine_v that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o ordain_v that_o the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v of_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o
the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n assert_v against_o sr._n edward_n coke_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o xxii_o chapter_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n by_o richard_n zouch_v doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o late_a judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n london_n print_v for_o francis_n titan_n and_o thomas_n dring_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o their_o shop_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1663._o thomas_n foley_n of_o great_a witley_n court_n in_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n esqr._o to_o the_o reader_n i_o do_v certify_v and_o attest_v that_o the_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n assert_v etc._n etc._n by_o dr._n zouch_n be_v deliver_v into_o my_o hand_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o to_o be_v print_v and_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o have_v dedicate_v to_o his_o royal_a highness_n james_n duke_n of_o york_z lord_n high_z admiral_z of_o england_n drs_n commons_o febr._n 25._o 1663._o tim._n baldwyn_n assertion_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n 1._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v in_o use_n and_o esteem_v and_o particular_o in_o england_n special_a law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o regulate_v the_o same_o 2._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o to_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 3._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o sea_n affair_n as_o also_o in_o england_n certain_a cause_n viz._n all_o such_o as_o have_v relation_n to_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v hold_v proper_a for_o their_o conusance_n 4._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n 5._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v business_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 6._o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n as_o touch_v damage_n do_v to_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n annoyance_n of_o free_a passage_n and_o unlawful_a fish_n 7._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n relate_v to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 8._o that_o the_o court_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n do_v intermeddle_v with_o and_o interrupt_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o cause_n proper_o belong_v to_o that_o court_n 9_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o subject_n thereof_o than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n sir_n edward_z coke_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n cap._n xxii_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n admiralitatis_fw-la against_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n concern_v prohibition_n grant_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 11_o febr._n penultimo_fw-la die_fw-la termini_fw-la hillarii_n admiral_n anno_fw-la 8._o jac._n regis_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o complaint_n be_v after_o by_o his_o majesty_n commandment_n set_v down_o in_o article_n by_o dr._n dun_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v with_o answer_n to_o the_o same_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o they_o afterward_o confirm_v by_o three_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o law_n 1._o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 2._o by_o judgement_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o last_o by_o book_n case_n complaint_n certain_a grievance_n whereof_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v especial_o complain_v and_o desire_v redress_v 1._o that_o whereas_o the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n the_o same_o be_v make_v tryable_a at_o the_o common-law_n by_o suppose_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o cheapside_n or_o such_o place_n answer_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o conusance_n power_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n but_o every_o such_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n rise_v within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n and_o also_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n aught_o to_o be_v try_v determine_v discuss_v and_o remedy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o before_o or_o by_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n in_o any_o manner_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o water_n infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la aquae_fw-la but_o whether_o it_o be_v upon_o any_o water_n within_o any_o county_n wherefore_o we_o acknowledge_v that_o of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quereles_a make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o within_o any_o county_n from_o whence_o no_o trial_n can_v be_v have_v by_o twelve_o man_n the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o no_o precedent_n can_v be_v show_v that_o any_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v for_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n concern_v any_o marine_a cause_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n take_v that_o only_o to_o be_v the_o sea_n wherein_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v before_o by_o law_n describe_v to_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n see_v more_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o six_o article_n when_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o admiralty_n upon_o bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 2._o wherein_o the_o commom-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n yet_o in_o these_o cause_n prohibition_n be_v award_v against_o the_o admiral_n court_n bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n answer_n wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n precedent_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o article_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o consign_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n but_o if_o any_o indenture_n bond_n or_o other_o specialty_n or_o any_o contract_n be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n or_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n and_o give_v ordinary_a remedy_n in_o these_o case_n neither_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n nor_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v any_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o when_o this_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v deal_v therewith_o in_o derogation_n of_o the_o common-law_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v 3._o whereas_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o admiral_n court_n have_v use_v to_o take_v stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o court_n it_o be_v now_o affirm_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n that_o the_o admiral_n court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o not_o able_a to_o take_v such_o stipulation_n and_o hereupon_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n answer_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o can_v take_v any_o such_o recognisance_n as_o a_o court_n of_o record_n may_v do_v and_o for_o take_v of_o recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v and_o if_o a_o erroneous_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o that_o court_n no_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o a_o appeal_n to_o certain_a delegate_n do_v lie_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8_o eliz._n reginae_fw-la cap._n 5._o which_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n 5._o that_o charter-party_n make_v only_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o the_o sea_n 4._o be_v daily_o withdraw_v from_o that_o court_n by_o prohibition_n if_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o any_o city_n answer_n port_n town_n or_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n although_o it_o be_v
whereas_o some_o of_o they_o speak_v of_o altum_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o have_v no_o such_o attribute_n but_o mention_n simple_o the_o sea_n 2_o that_o the_o same_o authority_n grant_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n on_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o declare_v much_o less_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n elsewhere_o and_o as_o to_o the_o particular_n 1_o the_o authority_n of_o 2_o rich._n 2._o which_o affirm_v that_o the_o irish_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n for_o a_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n mention_n not_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n and_o happy_o it_o may_v be_v for_o some_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n or_o against_o the_o peace_n in_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n or_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o ally_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o he_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o irish_a as_o over_z the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n only_o extend_v to_o the_o high_a sea_n but_o it_o can_v from_o thence_o be_v argue_v but_o that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o business_n concern_v navigation_n or_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n he_o may_v also_o have_v have_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o irish_a as_o well_o as_o over_o other_o person_n not_o only_a supper_n alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr but_o also_o in_o other_o place_n elsewhere_o 2_o the_o plea_n to_o the_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o 7_o rich._n the_o 2._o may_v be_v good_a and_o allow_v in_o two_o respect_n first_o in_o regard_n the_o thing_n be_v do_v where_o the_o country_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n and_o therefore_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n can_v be_v have_v second_o in_o regard_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v from_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o who_o no_o trespass_n can_v be_v commit_v because_o that_o to_o offend_v they_o any_o way_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o that_o respect_n the_o plea_n may_v have_v be_v allow_v although_o the_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n have_v be_v take_v in_o a_o port_n or_o navigable_a river_n 3._o whereas_o fortescue_n say_v that_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n prosecute_v before_o the_o admiral_n aught_o to_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o proof_n make_v by_o witness_n and_o no_o more_o sir_n edward_z cook_n affirm_v that_o it_o prove_v by_o express_a word_n that_o the_o admiralty_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o high_a sea_n fortescue_n have_v give_v reason_n for_o trial_n by_o jury_n when_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o country_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o business_n grant_v that_o for_o thing_n do_v in_o other_o place_n the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v allow_v of_o proof_n by_o witness_n as_o in_o cause_n commence_v before_o the_o admiral_n for_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o likewise_o before_o the_o constable_n for_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o do_v no_o more_o express_o confine_v the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n to_o the_o high_a sea_n than_o he_o do_v the_o constable_n to_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v notorious_a that_o his_o jurisdiction_n extend_v to_o deed_n of_o war_n and_o arm_n within_o the_o land_n as_o it_o will_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n likewise_o to_o matter_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n 4_o touch_v the_o authority_n of_o dyer_n that_o by_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v surmise_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n sometime_o as_o the_o business_n fall_v out_o declare_v super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr &_o infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la curiae_fw-la but_o ordinary_o cause_n be_v lay_v only_o intra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o general_o the_o cause_n be_v no_o otherwise_o describe_v but_o a_o contra_fw-la b._n in_fw-la causa_fw-la civili_fw-la &_o maritima_n 5_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v business_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n by_o a_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o which_o mr._n selden_n take_v notice_n it_o appear_v 557._o that_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o lord_n at_z hastings_z que_fw-fr comment_n diuâ—rs_a signior_n avoient_fw-fr franchese_n etc._n etc._n that_o although_o diâ—ers_v lord_n have_v â—ivers_a franchise_n to_o try_v plea_n in_o port_n yet_o that_o neither_o their_o steward_n nor_o bailiff_n shall_v hold_v any_o plea_n if_o it_o concern_v merchant_n or_o mariner_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o of_o ship_n obligation_n and_o other_o dâ—edâ—_n which_o although_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o inferior_a lord_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o such_o matter_n second_o by_o commission_n from_o time_n to_o time_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o the_o admiral_n power_n be_v give_v ad_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hold_v the_o conusance_n of_o charter-party_n policy_n of_o assurance_n bill_n of_o bottomry_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o of_o sale_n of_o ship_n three_o the_o cause_n and_o suit_n arise_v by_o occasion_n of_o business_n contain_v in_o such_o write_n have_v in_o all_o observable_a time_n and_o place_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v maritime_a and_o the_o conusance_n of_o they_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o martim_fw-la court_n as_o it_o have_v be_v before_o full_o show_v and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o consider_v that_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n have_v their_o original_a from_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n &_o be_v both_o in_o name_n and_o nature_n thing_n foreign_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o much_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o order_n which_o wesâ—_n observe_v in_o his_o book_n of_o precedent_n where_o after_o the_o form_n of_o deed_n and_o contract_n proper_a to_o the_o common_a law_n he_o handle_v those_o which_o concern_v merchandize_v and_o trade_n by_o sea_n as_o thing_n of_o a_o distinct_a and_o several_a nature_n touch_v the_o particular_n first_o charter-party_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o rhodian_a law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v si_fw-mi quis_fw-la naâ—em_fw-la conduxerit_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la consignata_fw-la sunto_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v hire_v a_o ship_n let_v there_o be_v write_n draw_v and_o seal_v thereupon_o there_o be_v likewise_o mention_v of_o charter-party_n in_o the_o role_n of_o oleron_n and_o in_o the_o french_a late_a ordinance_n make_v for_o the_o reglement_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o no_o mention_n of_o they_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n until_o the_o 32_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8._o cap._n 14._o where_o the_o conusance_n of_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o admiralty_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o show_v moreover_o malines_n confirm_v that_o ancient_o in_o charter-party_n it_o be_v express_v 21._o that_o the_o content_n thereof_o shall_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v clause_n usual_o insert_v into_o they_o enjoin_v that_o the_o merchant_n beside_o the_o payment_n of_o freight_n shall_v make_v allowance_n for_o primage_n average_n and_o pettelodmenage_n thing_n no_o where_o occur_v in_o the_o book_n of_o common_a law_n and_o ancient_o determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n second_o policy_n of_o assurance_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o allow_v a_o action_n for_o the_o undertake_n a_o hazard_n which_o be_v doubtful_a for_o reward_n or_o consideration_n first_o give_v which_o be_v common_o call_v a_o praemio_fw-la they_o be_v of_o late_a civillian_n call_v sponsiones_fw-la mercatoriae_n and_o assecurationes_fw-la 24_o which_o malines_n affirm_v be_v take_v up_o in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n practise_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o france_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o now_o they_o be_v likewise_o in_o use_n in_o venice_n naples_n genua_n ancona_n spain_n and_o portugal_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regulate_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o consolato_fw-la and_o law_n of_o oleron_n three_o bill_n of_o bottomry_n when_o a_o owner_n or_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n to_o furnish_v his_o voyage_n take_v up_o money_n upon_o extraordinary_a interest_n to_o be_v pay_v when_o the_o ship_n arrive_v at_o the_o port_n appoint_v and_o thereby_o engage_v his_o ship_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o ancient_a grecian_a and_o roman_a law_n julius_n pollux_n a_o learned_a expositor_n of_o term_n or_o word_n use_v among_o
recite_v in_o the_o solemn_a form_n of_o the_o admiral_n commission_n by_o mr._n selden_n as_o sufficient_a to_o his_o purpose_n and_o then_o say_v he_o follow_v many_o thing_n declare_v that_o most_o ample_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n among_o which_o be_v express_v in_o civil_a cause_n that_o to_o he_o it_o be_v grant_v ad_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la de_fw-la placitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hold_v conusance_n of_o plea_n debt_n bill_n of_o exchange_n policy_n of_o assurance_n account_n charter-party_n contraction_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o all_o other_o contract_n which_o may_v any_o way_n concern_v money_n due_a for_o freight_n of_o ship_n hire_v and_o let_v to_o hire_v money_n lend_v to_o be_v pay_v beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o lender_n and_o also_o of_o any_o cause_n business_n or_o injury_n whatsoever_o have_v or_o do_v in_o or_o upon_o or_o through_o the_o sea_n or_o public_a river_n or_o fresh_a water_n stream_n havens_n and_o place_n subject_a to_o overflow_a whatsoever_o within_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o shore_n or_o bank_n whatsoever_o adjoin_v to_o they_o or_o either_o of_o they_o from_o any_o the_o say_v first_o bridge_n whatsoever_o towards_o the_o sea_n throughout_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n or_o our_o dominion_n aforesaid_a or_o else_o where_o beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o port_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whatsoever_o with_o divers_a other_o clause_n contain_v power_n of_o coercion_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n grant_v likewise_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o henry_n the_o 8._o chap._n 15._o and_o other_o statute_n for_o the_o punish_n of_o offence_n and_o matter_n criminal_a commit_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n power_n be_v grant_v in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v de_fw-fr omnibus_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la proditionibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o all_o and_o singular_a treason_n robbery_n murder_n felony_n and_o confederacy_n etc._n etc._n as_o well_o in_o and_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o river_n port_n or_o freshwater_n creek_n or_o place_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o the_o full_a beneath_o the_o first_o bridge_n towards_o the_o sea_n as_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o king_n maritime_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o same_o as_o well_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o against_o the_o king_n law_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o also_o touch_v all_o and_o singular_a other_o matter_n which_o concern_v merchant_n owner_n and_o proprietary_n of_o ship_n master_n shipman_n mariner_n shipwright_n fisherman_n workman_n labourer_n saylour_n servitor_n or_o any_o other_o 3_o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o sea_n business_n as_o also_o in_o england_n certain_a cause_n viz._n such_o as_o have_v relation_n to_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v hold_v proper_a for_o their_o conusance_n maritime_a law_n say_v godeâ—ry_a concern_v person_n or_o deal_n between_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n varlet_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o several_a law_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o what_o appear_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o maritime_a judge_n among_o the_o grecian_n cause_n happen_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cause_n concerconcern_v trade_n 〈◊〉_d as_o julius_n pollux_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o suidas_n testify_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o as_o they_o be_v now_o extant_a be_v not_o rank_v under_o distinct_a head_n or_o title_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o particular_n as_o first_o concern_v hire_v &_o freight_v of_o ship_n second_o concern_v transport_v passenger_n and_o good_n three_o touch_v the_o delivery_n ad_fw-la discharge_v the_o thing_n receive_v in_o good_a condition_n four_o touch_v contribution_n for_o loss_n in_o common_a danger_n and_o for_o savage_a of_o good_n five_o for_o borrow_v and_o trust_v of_o money_n for_o sea-voyage_n six_o concern_v mariner_n duty_n their_o wage_n and_o the_o like_a the_o same_o be_v the_o matter_n take_v into_o cosideration_n deprecatio_fw-la when_o the_o roman_a senate_n enter_v into_o a_o consultation_n to_o settle_v the_o business_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o when_o tiberius_n claudius_n have_v signify_v to_o they_o that_o the_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n trade_v by_o sea_n have_v beseech_v he_o that_o such_o business_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o some_o order_n nero_n than_o a_o senator_n advise_v that_o some_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n who_o shall_v diligent_o inquire_v and_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v there_o observe_v concern_v mariner_n seaman_n merchant_n and_o passenger_n good_n put_v on_o board_n ship_n partnership_n building_n buy_v or_o sell_v of_o ship_n entrust_v gold_n and_o silver_n and_o divers_a other_o thing_n all_o which_o be_v do_v according_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n into_o which_o the_o rhodian_a law_n be_v insert_v and_o by_o the_o law_n touch_v sea_n affair_n which_o afterward_o the_o greek_a empire_n receive_v from_o the_o roman_n 33._o as_o in_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr nauticis_fw-la obligationibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n touch_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n of_o mariner_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o action_n which_o may_v be_v bring_v concern_v ship_n or_o those_o who_o sail_n in_o ship_n owner_n master_n or_o passenger_n moreover_o touch_v wreck_n of_o ship_n cast_v forth_o of_o good_n and_o contribution_n and_o also_o fisherman_n and_o fish_n the_o same_o business_n also_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o consolato_fw-la del_fw-it mare_fw-la in_o which_o be_v contain_v the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o ancient_a authority_n provide_v for_o all_o cause_n of_o merchandise_v and_o navigation_n as_o it_o be_v more_o full_o signify_v in_o a_o chapter_n of_o that_o book_n 24._o nello_n progresso_fw-la di_fw-it questo_fw-la libro_fw-la in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o book_n it_o be_v declare_v how_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n ought_v to_o demean_v themselves_o towards_o merchant_n mariner_n stranger_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o people_n which_o pass_v in_o their_o ship_n and_o also_o how_o merchant_n ought_v to_o perform_v with_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o how_o stranger_n and_o other_o ought_v to_o pay_v freight_v for_o the_o transport_v of_o their_o person_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v make_v good_a in_o the_o particular_a ordinance_n and_o constitution_n therein_o contain_v the_o sea-lawe_n in_o the_o spanish_a partidaes_n have_v the_o same_o scope_n 9_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o title_n we_o intend_v here_o to_o speak_v of_o ship_v hire_v to_o undergo_v the_o adventure_n of_o tbe_n sea_n and_o we_o will_v show_v what_o thing_n the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n ought_v to_o observe_v towards_o the_o merchant_n and_o how_o the_o damage_n that_o shall_v happen_v to_o good_n cast_v over_o board_n by_o occasion_n of_o storm_n ought_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o of_o the_o price_n due_a for_o the_o hire_n of_o ship_n and_o of_o other_o matter_n with_o may_v concern_v the_o same_o affair_n so_o much_o be_v likewise_o signify_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n which_o in_o the_o edition_n annex_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n be_v call_v ordonance_n royaul_v touchant_a le_fw-fr fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n as_o also_o judgement_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a des_fw-fr nef_n des_fw-fr mariner_n &_o aussi_fw-fr des_fw-fr merchant_n &_o de_fw-fr tout_fw-fr leur_fw-fr estre_fw-fr and_o in_o the_o edition_n set_v out_o by_o peter_n garrias_fw-la la_fw-fr maniere_n comme_fw-fr les_fw-fr maestres_fw-mi de_fw-fr navire_n the_o manner_n how_o master_n of_o ship_n merchant_n and_o mariner_n aught_o to_o regulate_v and_o govern_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n notwithstanding_o these_o example_n of_o the_o usage_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n some_o among_o we_o as_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o determine_v that_o to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n no_o special_a or_o certain_a cause_n do_v belong_v so_o the_o lord_n hobard_fw-mi in_o aud_o and_o jenning_n case_n affirm_v that_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o certain_a cause_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o tithe_n and_o testament_n be_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o place_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o sir_n edward_n cook_n and_o other_o who_o talk_v so_o much_o of_o altum_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v
the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o statute_n in_o french_a in_o the_o library_n of_o merton_n college_n in_o oxford_n in_o which_o be_v these_o word_n niene_fw-fr meyn_n de_fw-fr mort_fw-fr de_fw-fr omme_fw-fr &_o the_o mayheme_n engross_v neif_n estant_n &_o oâ—erantâ—s_n a_o my_o le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr fio_fw-mi des_fw-fr gross_v reviers_fw-mi tant_fw-fr seculament_n par-avali_a des_fw-fr pount_n des_fw-fr mesme_n les_fw-fr riviers_fw-mi &_o l'n_a admiral_n coâ—usance_fw-fr the_o second_o statute_n that_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o 5_o elizabeth_n chap._n 5._o which_o relate_v to_o divers_a thing_n make_v offence_n by_o that_o statute_n ordain_v that_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n do_v on_o the_o main_a sea_n or_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o precinct_n liberty_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o out_o of_o any_o haven_n or_o pier_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o lord_n admiral_n touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v according_a to_o the_o title_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o as_o for_o a_o mean_a to_o that_o end_n for_o the_o employ_v of_o english_a ship_v especial_o for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o fish_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o provide_v that_o wednesday_n shall_v be_v hold_v fish-day_n that_o none_o shall_v demand_v toll_n of_o fish_n bring_v in_o subject_n ship_n that_o no_o herring_n unsalted_a shall_v be_v buy_v out_o of_o stranger_n bottom_n beside_o that_o no_o ware_n shall_v be_v carry_v from_o port_n to_o to_o port_n and_o that_o no_o wine_n nor_o woad_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o in_o english_a ship_n of_o which_o business_n it_o may_v be_v more_o fit_a for_o the_o officer_n of_o corporate_a sea-town_n to_o inquire_v than_o for_o the_o admiral_n which_o the_o parliament_n understanding_n may_v without_o prejudice_n to_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n except_v from_o he_o touch_v offence_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o enquiry_n within_o havens_n and_o piers._fw-la beside_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n recite_v the_o word_n that_o all_o such_o offence_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n or_o deputy_n and_o other_o justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28_o hen._n 8._o for_o cause_n of_o piracy_n so_o that_o it_o concern_v not_o the_o admiral_n in_o his_o ordinary_a capacity_n but_o as_o he_o be_v chief_a in_o that_o commission_n and_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n from_o this_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n how_o strong_o soever_o he_o conceive_v it_o under_o favour_n it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o infer_v from_o these_o new_a create_a offence_n of_o which_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a way_n that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n which_o do_v former_o belong_v unto_o he_o especial_o touch_v navigable_a river_n of_o which_o in_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n nor_o exception_n moreover_o whereas_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o confident_o urge_v for_o the_o limit_v of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v deâ—â—red_v that_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n two_o other_o statute_n the_o one_o long_a subsequent_a to_o that_o of_o rich._n 2._o the_o other_o not_o long_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o concern_v the_o trial_n of_o piracy_n and_o other_o crime_n commit_v within_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o treason_n felony_n murder_n robbery_n confederacy_n commit_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o other_o haven_n creek_n or_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v inquire_v try_v hear_v or_o adjudge_v by_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o such_o shire_n and_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o shall_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o commission_n as_o if_o any_o such_o offence_n have_v be_v commit_v upon_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n the_o end_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v that_o whereas_o piracy_n and_o other_o offence_n commit_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v former_o try_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o offender_n can_v be_v convict_v only_o by_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n and_o proof_n by_o witness_n to_o reduce_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o which_o statute_n although_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o offence_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v allow_v to_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o havens_n creek_n and_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n ground_v on_o that_o statute_n the_o place_n of_o offence_n commit_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o be_v thus_o describe_v tam_fw-la in_o aut_fw-la super_fw-la mari_fw-fr aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la portu_fw-la rivo_fw-la aqua_fw-la dulci_fw-la creca_n seu_fw-la loco_fw-la quccunque_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la a_o quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la quam_fw-la super_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o alibi_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la nostram_fw-la maritimam_fw-la aut_fw-la limit_n admiralitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o dominiorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la by_o which_o word_n not_o only_a power_n be_v give_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v offence_n in_o those_o place_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o those_o place_n do_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n maritime_a jurisdiction_n and_o of_o his_o admiralty_n the_o second_o statute_n be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 17._o make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o spawn_n and_o fry_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o remedy_n thereof_o be_v provide_v it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o all_o and_o every_o other_o which_o lawful_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v any_o conservation_n or_o preservation_n of_o any_o river_n stream_n or_o water_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o inquire_v according_a to_o that_o act_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n then_o conceive_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v power_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o some_o purpose_n in_o river_n and_o stream_n salt_n and_o fresh_a otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o be_v name_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o those_o who_o have_v right_a of_o conservation_n of_o the_o same_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o to_o public_a offence_n and_o cause_n criminal_a since_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o rich._n 2._o have_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o that_o there_o can_v be_v little_a occasion_n of_o difference_n touch_v those_o matter_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n yet_o sir_n edw._n cook_n have_v unnecessary_o collect_v many_o other_o legal_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o maintain_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n first_o such_o as_o show_v that_o havens_n and_o navigable_a river_n be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v hold_v plea_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o they_o second_o that_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v punish_v such_o as_o have_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n touch_v the_o first_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v intend_v first_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o first_o a_o replevin_n be_v bring_v for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o scarborough_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v she_o into_o the_o county_n of_o n._n the_o
for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_n be_v of_o all_o sea-lawe_n the_o most_o ancient_a those_o sea-lawe_n of_o the_o rhodian_n or_o some_o part_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a publish_v in_o greek_a and_o latin_a by_o simon_n schardius_n and_o marquardus_n freherus_n and_o out_o of_o they_o relate_v by_o marisotus_fw-la in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o orbis_n maritimus_fw-la the_o roman_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o republic_n receive_v their_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n from_o the_o athenian_n under_o the_o empire_n when_o their_o state_n be_v at_o the_o high_o and_o abundant_o furnish_v with_o law_n for_o other_o matter_n in_o the_o time_n of_o tiberius_n claudius_n admit_v the_o rhodian_a law_n for_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o when_o one_o eudaemon_n a_o merchant_n of_o nicomedia_n complain_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n rhod_n that_o he_o with_o other_o have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o good_n by_o certain_a officer_n of_o the_o island_n call_v cyclades_n the_o emperor_n answer_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o indeed_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o land_n or_o continent_n but_o that_o the_o business_n and_o right_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o special_a rule_n set_v down_o in_o the_o rhodian_a law_n to_o which_o he_o do_v refer_v they_o these_o rhodian_a law_n 10._o as_o mr_n selden_n observe_v be_v afterward_o insert_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n and_o other_o and_o be_v in_o high_a esteem_n both_o in_o the_o roman_a &_o greek_a empire_n the_o title_n to_o which_o they_o be_v reduce_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v collect_v by_o petrus_n peckius_n who_o have_v commented_a upon_o they_o and_o be_v likewise_o set_v forth_o by_o morisotus_n 30._o and_o as_o they_o be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o greek_a empire_n they_o be_v set_v out_o by_o leunclavius_n among_o the_o basilica_n or_o law_n from_o rome_n receive_v at_o constantinople_n the_o wisdom_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v be_v receive_v and_o allow_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n for_o the_o regulate_a and_o determine_v of_o business_n at_o sea_n as_o it_o plain_o appear_v in_o all_o author_n of_o several_a nation_n mercatura_fw-la who_o have_v write_v of_o or_o handle_v matter_n of_o that_o nature_n to_o which_o have_v be_v add_v diverse_a ordinance_n and_o constitution_n of_o their_o own_o for_o confirmation_n of_o those_o law_n and_o supply_v where_o it_o seem_v necessary_a so_o the_o province_n and_o place_n border_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n according_a to_o former_a usage_n and_o custom_n and_o upon_o new_a emergent_a occasion_n establish_v several_a order_n and_o constitution_n for_o maritime_a business_n which_o some_o eminent_a person_n reside_v at_o amalphia_n a_o town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n reduce_v into_o a_o monument_n call_v tabula_fw-la amalphitana_n of_o which_o marinus_n frecria_n write_v in_o succeed_a time_n maritime_a business_n be_v not_o determine_v only_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n admâ—â—alli_n but_o suit_n and_o controversy_n touch_v matter_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o table_n of_o amalphia_n unto_o this_o â—ay_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o people_n of_o venice_n 44._o morea_n or_o peloponnesus_n rome_n genua_n marseilles_n arragon_n barcelona_n etc._n etc._n of_o all_o which_o place_n the_o constitution_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o book_n call_v il_fw-fr consultate_fw-la del_o mare_fw-la of_o which_o it_o be_v relate_v in_o a_o distinct_a chapter_n questi_fw-la sono_fw-la buoni_fw-la stablimenti_fw-la these_o be_v the_o good_a constitution_n and_o custom_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o wise_a man_n pass_v through_o the_o world_n have_v deliver_v to_o our_o ancestor_n touch_v the_o nation_n confine_v on_o the_o western_a and_o northern_a ocean_n it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o in_o spain_n there_o be_v special_a law_n and_o ordinance_n provide_v for_o the_o business_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o occasion_n both_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n as_o in_o the_o partidas_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o nine_o under_o the_o title_n of_o de_fw-fr los_fw-es navios_fw-es 9_o and_o under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr and_o under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr los_fw-es navios_fw-mi in_o the_o recopilation_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o comment_n of_o alphonsus_n azevedo_n and_o other_o so_o the_o french_a for_o maritime_a affair_n have_v divers_a edict_n or_o ordinance_n which_o be_v style_v reglement_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr admiralty_n 3._o which_o be_v establish_v by_o charles_n the_o six_o lewis_z the_o twelve_o francis_n the_o first_o and_o last_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o most_o full_o upon_o review_n of_o all_o former_a act_n which_o be_v afterward_o ratify_v by_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o paris_n but_o for_o ordinary_a matter_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n at_o sea_n the_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v a_o island_n situate_a at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charenton_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o aquitain_n be_v of_o special_a observation_n in_o that_o kingdone_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n extant_a among_o the_o royal_a edict_n 19_o entitle_v droit_n et_fw-fr preminence_n deal_v admiral_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o admiral_n ought_v to_o do_v justice_n to_o all_o merchant_n according_a to_o right_n judgement_n etc._n etc._n and_o usage_n of_o oleron_n and_o grotius_n affirm_v â—â—deprecatio_fw-la that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a law_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v repute_v as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o in_o france_n be_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o say_v further_a in_o that_o place_n that_o in_o what_o esteem_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v be_v in_o france_n the_o same_o have_v leges_fw-la wisbuience_n among_o the_o nation_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n c._n which_o if_o welwood_n mistake_v not_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n translate_v into_o dutch_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n in_o those_o part_n c._n malines_n in_o his_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o hanse_v town_n and_o loccenius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la maritimo_fw-la mention_n jus_o nauticum_fw-la suesicum_fw-la and_o leges_fw-la wisbuience_n which_o he_o say_v be_v observe_v both_o in_o the_o hanse_v town_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n and_o also_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o hanse_v town_n themselves_o and_o of_o the_o belgic_a commonwealth_n it_o be_v likewise_o apparent_a that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o special_a law_n for_o the_o regulate_v of_o sea_n business_n which_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o namely_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o other_o of_o which_o the_o book_n of_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ley_n merchant_n and_o ley_n meriner_n touch_v the_o civil_a law_n how_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n sir_n edward_n cook_n show_v in_o his_o comment_n upon_o littleton_n 3_o where_o he_o mention_n divers_a law_n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o dissertation_n ad_fw-la fletam_fw-la 8._o say_v juris_fw-la civilis_fw-la vel_fw-la caesarij_fw-la usus_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la seculis_fw-la etiam_fw-la num_fw-la retinetur_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la maritimo_fw-la 6._o seu_fw-la curia_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la and_o according_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o when_o monsieur_n villandry_n be_v employ_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o occasion_n of_o some_o difference_n happen_v betwixt_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o of_o france_n concern_v sea_n business_n signify_v that_o the_o king_n his_o master_n be_v desirous_a that_o the_o ordinance_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o one_o form_n without_o any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o french_a answer_n be_v make_v that_o the_o english_a ordinance_n for_o marine_a affair_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o certain_a ancient_a addition_n of_o the_o realm_n wherein_o they_o can_v not_o conceive_v any_o reason_n or_o convenience_n of_o change_n the_o law_n merchant_n be_v likewise_o mention_v and_o allow_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o littleton_n 3_o as_o a_o law_n distinct_a from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n selden_n mention_v it_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n 39_o and_o sir_n john_n davis_n more_o full_o own_v it_o in_o a_o manuscript_n tract_n touch_v imposition_n where_o he_o affirm_v that_o both_o the_o common_a