all these Obligations And for all these new causes and upon those good and auncient grounds his most Serene Majesty declares in your own Imperial words than which none could be either more significant in themselves or more consonant to his sense That his most Serene Majesty taking into consideration the flourishing estate of his Kingdomes that intire brotherly love and amity and frequent correspondency which was inviolable held and continued from the beginning of the Reign of his Royal Father Charles the First of blessed memory with Your Imperial Father of blessed memory the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michael Pheoderovith of all Russia self-upholder and the happiness and tranquillity thereby accruing to both Dominions doth most earnestly and heartily desire not only the continuance thereof but a nearer and dearer and firmer affectionate brotherly love and frequent correspondency with Your Imperial Majestie His deare and loving Brother than formerly For Conclusion wishing and praying to the Omnipotent God His and Your only King and Sovereign that he will grant you length of daies tranquillity of Reign perpetuity of friendships and all other Imperial blessings beyond the atchievements of all Your immortal Ancestors and that there may never want of Your most Illustrious line to sit upon your Imperial Throne so long as the Sun and Moon endure His most Serene Majestie likewise returnes his most affectionate salutations and friendly congratulations to the great prince Alexey Alexevich the Heir of your Imperial Dominions and the great Pheodor Alexevich Those two Shafts of the Imperial Quiver which at what so ever glorious marke Your Majestie shall draw them you can miss with neither Those two Pledges of peace to Your Subjects and a double terrour to your Enemies His most Serene Majestie had long since heard of their hopefulness and virtues worthy of so Illustrious a parantage and therefore was highly delighted to understand by Your Ambassadors that in their affection to Him also they did so well follow their Fathers pattern which he therefore thankfully accepts as an Obligation on Himself and a Treasure for his Successors Certainly augurating that those two Sonnes of the Russian Eagle as they are now sharpning their sight daily at the most clear eyes of Your Imperial Majestie so will also in due time extend their wings after Your example and soar to the highest pitch that true virtue and indefatigable labour can carry the magnanimous offspring of Princes And now for what concerns my self as I can receive no command from His most Serene Majestie my most Gracious Lord Master but what places a new honour upon me so must I acknowledg that in chusing me for this Embassage He has done me as great an honour as He could command me For whereas from the supreme munificency of Himself and His immortal Ancestors I have and inherit several possessions and dignities but of which other men might also be equally capable may it be spoken without vanity the Sun only that posts on a daily Embassage betwixt both Your Dominions can justly dispute the precedence with me in this Employment So that having been thus farr made a partaker and witness of the Glorie and Serenity of Your Imperial Majestie which may it long continue I can have nothing further in my wishes than that You will still vouchsafe me the same favour toward the happy expedition of His most Serene Majesties affaires for the mutual Advantage of both Your Crowns and the good of posterity Unto which ends as I am bound by all the Obligations of dutie to my most Gracious Prince Lord and Master so shall I bring all the affection Zeale and diligence which may befit so laudable an undertaking In order to which I doubt not but Your Imperial Majestie likewise will appoint me such Commissioners as shall bring the same â—andor and inclination together with â—hat dispatch and expedition which is necessary for the furthering of so great â—nd good a design My Lord Ambassador having made an end of his speech which was well approved of His Tzarskoy Majestie told him that he would do him the honor to let him kisse His hand therefore he went up again to the Throne and kissed His hand according to the custom of Christian Ambassadors For it is a ceremonie that they must be subject to in this Court though indeed it is a thing much inferior to the dignity of an Ambassador who under that Character should rather keep themselves equal with the Princes Majestie than to condescend to such a low submission Nor do I doubt but that my Lord Ambassador had rather accepted of such a condition as they put to Infidels Ambassadors who are not admitted to the performance of this Ceremonie because the Tzar counts it a great favour and therefore He does reserve it only for Christians He did also the same honour to my Lord his Gentlemen who all kissed his hand decently and in good order while his Excellency sate upon a forme that his Tzarskoy Majestie Himself called for to that purpose The mean while there was a Boyar to uphold the Tzars right hand that was kissed lest He should come to be tired and with the left hand He held His heavy Scepter In this conjuncture my Lord recommanded from the King to his Tzarskoy Majestie Sir John Hebdon who was come along with my Lord from England where he had been of late his Tzarskoy Majesties Agent And therefore because being in that employment he had bestowed a great care and prudence in promoting the common good of both Crowns His Majestie thought fit to acquaint upon this occasion his Tzarskoy Majestie with the singular esteem He had for his person These are the words my Lord spoke in the said Knights behalf as he was stepping next to my Lord of Morpeth to kisse the Tzars hand This Gentleman saies he is I suppose well known to Your Imperial Majestie He hath done Your Imperial Majestie very good service in the Court of England and therefore his Majestie hath a particular esteeme for him and has commanded me to recommend him more particularly when I shall next have the honour to be admitted to Your Imperial presence The Gentlemen having all kissed the Tzars hand the Presents that were sent by the hundred and thirty men came in and passed in very good order on one side of the great pillar and so went about into a room next to the hall Thereupon my Lord Ambassador stood up and said to his Majestie His most Sèrene Majestie hath sent a Present as a token of His affection to Your Imperial Majestie which whatsoever it is the value thereof will be multiplied by the kind acceptance of Your Imperial Majestie The First thing that came in was a Gun of King Charles the First and therefore his Excellencie presented it with this Compliment This Gun was delivered to me by his Majesties own hand being excellent in its kind the same which his Royal Father of blessed and glorious memorie used to
great Dutchess and the young Princes the eldest of which was not above ten years old but this was refused upon this ground that it was not their custome Indeed the Tzars wives live there very retyred and his Sons appear not in publique till they are twelve years old at which age they show them solemnely to the People and the Tzar himself is but rarely to be seen The Eleaventh day being come there were a hundred and thirty persons of the Tzars Guards and threescore sledges sent to carry the Presents from the King the greatest part of which was designed for the Tzar the rest for the two young Princes Knetz Alexcy Alexevitz and Pheodor Alexevitz his Sons But besides the Kings Presents to the great Duke there were Presents also from the Queen to the great Dutchess and some which his Excellence gave the great Duke apart as from himself The whole consisted in Vessels of gold and silver in cloth velvets satins and damaske of divers colours there was also great quantities of stufs and table linnen two gold-watches three clocks two pair of Pistols one gun and two carabins besides six pieces of cast Canon a great quantity of Cornish tynne and a hundred piggs of lead All which was sent before to the pallace the plate being carried by four and twenty men the cloth by threescore ten men carried the Velvets Sattins and Damask six and twenty the stufs and table linning and ten more the Gun the Pistols the Watches and the Clocks and on the sledges they carried the Canon the Tynne and the Lead This being done there were two sledges brought for the Ambassador and my Lord Morpeth and at the same time several white horses for the Gentlemen of his attendance At length we began to sett out about ten a Clock in the morning the Gentlemen on horsback two and two all richly habited their hats covered with fair plumes of feathers which did principally attract the eys of the Moscovits with whom the streets the shops the gates and the windows did swarme at this time There were several English Merchants also who had joyned themselves with the Gentlemen and were fallen into the same Order After them followed my Lord Morpeth in his sledg betwixt the Ambassadors Pristafs who had brought their rich robes along with them to our house and put them on there After my Lord Morpeth the two Trumpets followed after them the six Pages in three ranks and after them the twelve footmen marching in the same Order as at our Entry His Excellence was this day in black having on his haâ— a rich band of Diamonds on either hand he had two of the principal Boyars in their sledges as himself was who had put on their robes also at our house In the Ambassadors sledg there was the Secretary and the chief Interpreter standing and uncovered the Secretarie carrying in his hands upon a yard of red Damaske his Letters of Credence written in parchment whose Superscription contained all the titles of the Tzar in letters of Gold Behind the Ambassador there came none but the Master of the horse on horseback In this manner we past thorow the Tzars Guards who were drawn up in rancks on both sides of us reaching to the very bottom of the staires of the Hall thorow which we were to pass to audience Near the Castlegate we found another regiment of Guards drawn up also in very good order A while after we past thorow another Regiment in one of the Courts of the Castle and in this place we saw a great number of very fair Canon planted on one side and the other with the Canoniers by them and ready in appearance to fire upon us from all parts From thence we passed to another Court filled also with Guards but when we came to the gate of a passage thorow which we were to go all that were in sladdes or on horseback alighted Those who were to go up into the Hall of audience were constraind to leave their swords behind them it being not permitted for any body to pass any further with them by their sides for the prevention of which ceremony his Excellence and my Lord Morpeth carried none with them When we had gone some paces this way which is a way peculiar to Christian Ambassadors those of Infidel Princes being carried another there was a Boyar came to meet the Ambassador complemented him from the great Duke From thence we came to a great stone Galerie where another Boyar received his Excellence with another complement And from thence we came into a Hall thorow which we were to pass in to that of the audience and here it was we saw the Guards of the Tzars body in a most splended Equipage their Vests of velvet being lined with sables their caps richly adorned with pearles and precious stones and their very Partesans covered with gold and silver Neare the door of the Hall of audience the Ambassador received a third Complement from the Tzars own Cousin After which we opened to the right and left and the Ambassador entred first into the Hall after him my Lord Morpeth and then the Gentlemen and the Pages Alexey Michailouitz great Duke of Moscovie Aged xxxiv Yeares 1664 My Lord Ambassador made a low Reverence to his Majestie assoon as he was entred into the Hall the Throne being opposite to the Door then he advanced some paces and stopping at the Pillar in the midst of the Hall he made him a second then being ready to speak made him a third and saluted him in the behalf of his Master the King of England in these words The most Serene and most Puissant Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. To You the most High most Potent and most Illustrious Prince Great Lord Emperour and Grand Duke Alexey Michailovitz of all the great and little and white Russia Self-upholder of Moscovie Keavie Volodimerie Nofgorod Emperour of Cazan Emperour of Astracan Emperour of Siberia Lord of Pscove great Duke of Lituania Smolensco Twersco Volinsco Podolsko Vghorsco Permsco Veatsco Bolgarsco c. Lord and Great Duke of Nofgorod in the Lower Countries of Chernigo Resansco Polotsco Rostofsco Yeroslafsco Beloozarsco Oudorsco Obdorsco Condinsco Wetepsco Mâ—stisclaaco and all the Northern parts Lord of the Country of Iversco of the Tzars of Cantalinsco and of Gruzinsco and of the Country of Cabardinsco of the Dukes of Chercasco and Igorsco Lord and Monarch of several other Dominions and Provinces East West and North of which he is Heir from Father to Son by me Charles Earle of Carlisle Vicomte Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland His Majesties Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland one of his Majesties most honourable Privy Councel and his Extraordinary Ambassador sendeth greeting and hath commanded me to deliver these Letters being his Letters Patents which he held in his hand to Your Imperial Majestie Which words being
of names of the persons criminal both principals and accessory and what example of justice his Imperial Majestie who cannot but be most tender of the honor of a Prince and such a Prince as the King my Master hath shewed upon them may be delivered to me under the hands and seales of the Lords Commissioners for my justification Which I do expect with the most vehement impatiency that I may forthwith proceed into the particulars of that friendly Negotiation In order to which I have leapt over all complaints of lesser moment as not being come to pick quarrels but to cement the most perfect union that ever hath been betwixt the two Crowns unto which God grant an happy success and perfection Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE These were the words of the Second paper WHereas the first foundation of that happy Correspondency and great Amity betwixt the Kings of England and Emperours of Russia was laid in the Privileges granted to the English Merchants by the said Emperours of Russia in regard of the trade first introduced by them by the way of Archangel Whereby not only the Subjects of both Countries and of this Country especially have reaped great advantages but also both Princes and particularly the Emperours of Russia in several great affaires of state and otherwise have had further occasion to receive great assistance and effectual testimonies of friendship from one another His Majestie of England desiring not only to equalize but to excel all His Predecessors in the firmness strictness of brotherly amity intire correspondence with his Imperial Majestie and considering that those first foundations layed by the singular Providence of God and wisdom of the former Princes and which by the duration of so many years have been approved to be most solid and permament are therefore the most proper grounds whereon to raise a building of perpetual Friendship hath therefore commanded me as I do in His name first of all to desire the Restitution of the former Privileges as they were enjoyed in the time of the Father of his Imperial Majestie and in the Reign of his present Imperial Majestie before the taking of them away upon occasion of the late Rebellion in England And these being first granted his Majestie will further manifest by me the great affection which He bears to his Imperial Majestie Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE The 17. my Lord Ambassador had another Conference in the Pallace where his Commissioners read to him their answer to his two papers but refused to give him yet a Copy of it In that answer all things were quite contrary to his expectations so that he thought fit thereupon to speak somewhat hard to them Then it happened that one great casement of the room wherein they were assembled together fell down with such a horrid noise that the Lords Commissioners were quite astonished and wished my Lord had spoken more gently An Interpreter of theirs who was an outlandish man speaking afterwards to that purpose said If saith â—he two or three words of anger of My Lord Ambassador's do so shake off the house how would they tremble if they heard King Charles thundring at their ears with just indignation The 26. Pronchissof brought my Lord Ambassador a Copy of their answer read to him the seventeenth But lest I should tire the Reader with an ill compacted discourse whose stile and meaning are equally rude and unpleasant I shall only tell the substance of it in as few words as I can And first as to the Reparation demanded by my Lord Ambassador in his first paper of 13. of February they say when they have much extolled the greatness of the pomp that was shewn at his Reception which they take to be the most glorious that ever was made in their Court to any Ambassador that the disorder aforesaid happened upon the mistake of the Posts That it was not fit he should make his Entry by night and that his Tzarskoy Majestie had therefore given order that he should lodge that night nearer Mosco so that the next day he might be received betimes with a splendor answerable to his quality And so that so many strangers who lived in Mosco might see by this Reception how great is the Amity which their Great Lord beares to his Majestie and that they might discourse of it in their several Countries But to that they added a thing that surprised very much his Excellency saying that he himself staied also a great while the next day after many Messengers were sent unto him And presently after they make bold to tell him that he ought not to have demanded satisfaction in that place where then he was And at last without any other proofs they only say that those Messengers who accidentally missed their way the first day had been chastised Their answer to the second Paper concerning the Priviledges of the English Company was no less unreasonable they refused them under the following pretences which they alledge for good and solid reasons First of all they say the Priviledges were abolished upon occasion of the late Rebellion of England and that the English Company of Archangel was guilty of it Then they speak of one Luke Nightingale whom they affirm to have been sent secretly to his Tzarskoy Majestie by the late Kings Majestie during the Rebellion to give Him notice of it and to desire Him to abrogate the Priviledges of the English Company as having also put off their Obedience Adding moreover that this same Nightingale had Letters from the King that he was very private with his Royal Majestie â—nd very trustie to Him Besides they tell what this pretended Agent gave the Boyars â—hat treated with him notice of that the Faâ—tors of the English Company had at that time â—roguish design with one Iohn Cartwrite a â—ember of the Company to rob his Tzarskoy Majestie 's Subjects in the East-Countries and â—hat shortly after the said Cartwrite did accomplish his design Whereupon they say that John Hebdon so they call the Knight that I mentioned before was Factor to this same Cartwrite Afterwards they lay an hainous charge against the said Company as that they had not furnished the Tzars treasury with their commodities at the same price they were sold for in England that they had sold prohibited commodities as Tobacco and that besides they offered to take strangers goods to carry them through the Country custome free Lastly they speak of a general complaint made by the Russes Merchants and Tradesmen as if the English Merchants had all the trade themselves and grew thereby very rich in a short time whereas his Tzarskoy Majesties Subjects grew poorer every day They alleadge also that the Merchants who were first nominated for the Priviledges were dead so that it seemes they will have the Priviledges to dy with them After this answer the Commissioners were pleased as if they had a mind thereby to be
after the Divorce I call it Fornication and not Adultery because the Moscovites believe there is no Adultery but marrying another mans wife They do not believe there is a Purgatorie but they hold there are two distinct places where the Souls that are separated from their bodies do remain in expectation of the day of Judgment One of them is the Mansion of the Blessed where they enjoy as they believe the conversation of Angels with all sort of Pleasure and Delight the Other of the Wicked in a dismal Valley where they have no other associates but Divels Notwithstanding they believe the Souls of the Wicked are not altogether uncapable of Comfort but that by the prayers and the perfumes of their Priests they may be forced back out of the very jaws of Hell And for this cause their Priests will pray over their Sepulchers morning and night for forty days which is the term of their Mourning in memory of their departed Friends and on the Eve before the Pentecost they perform certain annuall Ceremonies in their behalf which though very formal are altogether most ridiculous In their Hierarchie they have for their chief a Patriarch elected by the Tzar and it is this Patriarch that judges in all Causes Ecclesiasticall and disposes absolutely in all matters of Religion He hath his pallace in Mosco in the great Dukes Castle After him there are several Metropolitans and Bishops disperst into sundry parts of the Country The rest of the Clergy is composed of Proto-popes and Popes or simple Priests which are obliged contrary to all other Ecclesiasticall Persons to marry before they receive Orders but if their wife dies they are to remaine widdowers as long as they live because say they the Apostle would have a Bishop to be the husband but of one wife in the 1 Tim. ch 3 whereas Saint Pauls meaning is that a Bishop should have but one wife at a time Poligamy being in his time a very Ordinary vice And hence it is that one of these Priests being a widdower is not permitted to administer the Sacrament nor to marry he has only liberty to assist at Morning and Everning service not at Noon at which time they usually Communicate as I have said before Nevertheless if one of these Priest be unsatisfied with his Condition he may freely relinquish his charge and lay by his vest and his Cap which they put upon him at his Consecration and after that become a Mechanick if he thinks it for his advantage Of the Ambassadors stay at Archangel HAving given a sufficient description of Moscovie it is time we return now to speak againe of our Voiage But before we leave Archangel it will be convenient to say something of the Town and that little Residence we made there The Town of Archangel so called from St. Michael the Arch-angel is situated on the bank of the River Duina on the left hand as you pass from the White Sea When we were there it was not very great but yet so populous by reason of the great trading thither that it was scarce capable of all the Inhabitants And indeed it is in respect of the Commerce especially that this Town is so considerable for hither it is that the English the Hollander amongst other Commodities transport Cloth Velvets Damask Spices Tinn Lead Wine and strong Waters But because the Moscovites swallow down small Wines like River water therefore they send them no French nor Rhenish Wines as being not strong enough for them On the Moscovites side there is great store of Corn exported of Cavyar Furs Hemp Russia-leather and Wax It is above an hundred years since this trade was brought hither by the English from Narve in the time of Edward the sixth King of England and Ivan Basilovitz Emperour of Moscovie For Edward the sixth having set out a Fleet for the establishing a Trade in some unknown Country the Fleet having followed the Northern passage was at length brought into this Port. And hence it was that Ivan Basilovitz to recompence the generous designs of the English whose pains and industry had opened a Trade into these parts gave them a Priviledge of Commerce to that Town without any Custome or Impost And this was the occasion upon which the great Amity betwixt the two Crowns was established to the no small Advantage both of the one and the other After we that made our Voyage in the Merchant-man were arrived at Archangel his Excellence inquired particularly into the causes of our delay and of Mr. Watsons desertion who was parted from us Upon which the Master of the Ship made a great Apology for himself laying the fault upon the winds and taking occasion of Mr. Watson's absence he accused him also besides many particular points of being partly the cause that our Expedition had been no greater But it was answered sufficiently against the Masters Calumnies both by the Sea-men and us And indeed had the Master come to an harbour either in Norway or Scotland as he was often desired by Mr. Watson rather than stay till the Ship was bruised to pieces to get her repaired in England sixty or seventy Leagues out of our way it is very likely we might have been two or three Weeks sooner at our Port. And so it was doubtless rather the Master of the Ships than Master Watsons fault that we had stayed so long behind my Lord Ambassador and that his Excellency had not only the apprehension we should have been cast away but the continuation of his Voiage differred very long to some great disadvantage However while the Ambassador stayed at Archangel he had all manner of good Entertainment which tasted very pleasant to us who newly had made an end of a long and very hard Voiage amongst the troubles of the Sea Therefore we took our good share of it and in the mean time we took also a view of the Town while we had opportunity during one Weeks time his Excellency stayed in it since our arrival As for the Entertainment given us in this Town it was indeed so great and plentiful with all kind of Provision that we wanted nothing but a great number of Cooks to get it dressed and more People to consume it And that we took to be a good Omen for the rest of our Travails thorough that Country but we were mistaken in it for we experienced the contrary in several places upon a very bad account Howsoever the Ambassadors meat was alwaies dressed after the English and French way by his own Cooks and all the bread that was eaten at his Table was made also by his own Baker What was eaten besides was after the Moscovite fashion which seemed at first something strange to us for they bake it in such manner that it hath scarce any crust at all As for Drink we were plentifully provided with Beer Mead Aqua-vitae divers sorts of Wines and Spanish amongst the rest The Ambassadors from the Tzar who about two moneths before had
with a loud voice explained by his Interpreter which stood by his Excellencies side the Ambassador advanced towards the Throne to present the Letter which he immediately delivered into the hands of his Chancellor His Excellence returning to his place the Tzar rose up and the Boyars doing the like all of them at the same time their Vests of Tissue made such a ruffling one against another that we were something amuzed at the suddenness of the noise Then after a short silence his Majestie began to speak and to enquire of the Ambassador concerning the Kings health but there being a too great distance between the Tzar and his Excellence the Chancellor had the care of coming to the Ambassador and repeating what the Tzar had said To which the Ambassador returned answer in these termes The most Serene and most Mighty Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. was through the mercy of the Omnipotent God in perfect health upon the twentieth day of July in the Year of our Lord 1663. when I had last the honour to kiss his Royal hands at my departure This answer being interpreted to the Tzar He arose again and enquired concerning the Queen Mother in these words How doth the desolate Widow of that glorious Martyr Charles the First To which the Ambassador having in like manner replied began the following Speech of which he had a Copy in English and his Interpreter another in the Moscovian Language As he spoke it every period was interpreted apart so that when his Excellence had concluded one Sentence the intepretation succeeded before he began the next which was conceived the properest way to entertain their attentions Therefore the Ambassador and his Interpreter were obliged to read from time to time and to observe punctually their several Periods This Harangue was also translated into Latine of which Translation because we shall have occasion to speak I shall make no difficulty to insert a copy in this place the Style being besides sufficiently elegant Illustrissime atque Excellentissime Princeps Imperator PErvenit nuper ad Serenissimam suam Majestatem Dominum meum Clementissimum perhonorifica Legatio cujus quidem splendor uti magnificentiâ tanti Principis unde est profecta dignissimus extitit ità argumentum Ei ad quem missa est longè erat gratissimum Vtpote quo praeter optatissimum de prosperâ valetudine Vestrâ rebus secundis nuncium gratulatio quoque de laetissimo Ejus in Regna sua Reditu summâ Serenissimae suae Majestatis felicitate Commemoratio antiquae inter Augustissimos Vtriusque Majores amicitiae perseverantia Vestra in eâdem colendâ atque in futurum augendâ continerentur Itaque inaestimabilis ille intimi animi Vestri affectus tam luculentae Legationis honore expressus illustratus instar gemmae clarissimae videbatur cui postquam Natura ultimam manum imposuit perfectissima quoque artis politura accessit Vel ut de nuncio tam opportuno dicam quod Salomon Regum prudentissimus de verbo commodè dicto erat velut aurea mala cum figuris argenteis Vnum tamen est de quo Serenissima sua Majestas cum Majestate Vestrâ Imperatoriâ meretissimò quidem conqueritur praeoccupatum sese beneficio Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam praeripuisse sibi ne quod semper animo destinaverat Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam eâ celebritate pompâ quae summam Vtriusque amicitiam deceret dignitatem primus salutaret Ego verò si tantulum à Domini mei Serenissimi sententiâ dissentiri liceret dum Vtriusque pares annos communes rationes adeoque consimilia studia atque affectus considero Neutri Vestrûm priores in hoc officio partes tribuendas sed in excellentissimis Amborum mentibus easdem causas uno momento eandem utrobique Voluntatem excitasse crediderim Sed astrorum quorum fulgores Majestatum Vestrarum lucem optimè adumbrant efficacitas pro variâ corporum intermediorum naturâ suspenditur retardatur Nec amici quorum nobilissimum exemplar in Majestatibus Vestris resplendet tam commodam opportunam rationem hactenus inire potuerunt ut absentes mutua mentis sensa condicerent pariter repraesentarent Quum igitur alteri necessariò de tempore concedendum esset Serenissima sua Majestas minùs laborat quod eò se praeverterit Imperatoria Vestra Majestas dum ne quod nunquam fieri patietur constantiâ etiam sinceritate affectûs Ipsum antecedat Neque verò gravatur Serenissima sua Majestas utì solet inter amicos rationem consilii sui reddere justissimis suis excusationibus adversus Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam uti solam nempe negotiorum domesticorum molem obstare potuisse quo minus honorem hunc quo dum Majestatem Vestram Imperatoriam afficit Se ipsum impertit maturiùs Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae deferret Et quum compluribus Principibus sibi propioribus eodem beneficio prior esset obligatus Se tamen interposuisse omnibus Majestatis Vestrae Imperatorae remunerationem utpote quo Neminem benevolentiâ amore magis propinquum haberet Se denique ab omni tam debiti officii dilatione tantùm abfuisse ut occasionem modò idoneam persolvendi illud Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae captaverit Quamvis enim Serenissima sua Majestas non soleat ex syderum motu consilia sua suspendere aut ex Coelorum ordine de rerum suarum sucessu superstitiosè hariolari solet tamen ex Omnipotentis Dei nutu totus pendere ad ejus coelorum ejusdem Regiae felicitatis authoris significationes actiones suas ut ità dicam modulari Postquam igitur divinâ Benignitate in plenissimâ eorum omnium possessione Se constitutum vidisset quaecunque summam ornare possent fortunam cumulare hoc tandem uti auspicatissimum tempus elegit quo potissimùm Imperatorem tam Illustrem Fratrem Amantissimum Charissimum Amicum salutaret Majestati Vestrae Imperatoriae eandem vel fi fieri possit majorem etiam felicitatem auguraret Quum enim in his tribus Hostium Terrore Subditorum Obsequio Amicorum multitudine atque constantiâ praecipuum Regalis Solii firmamentum robur consistat liceat omnino affirmare Serenissimum Regem meum qui in rebus adversis admirandum undequaque virtutis fortitudinis suae specimen dederit nunc etiam è contrario ad miraculum usque melioris fortunae esse evectum Quod enim Inimicos attinet nemo inventus est qui recentem Ejus felicitatem interpellare voluerit praeter infames istos Praedones Africanos Christiani Nominis Humani generis hostes quos igitur quamvis bis mille passuum millibus distantes in illa sua spelunca Algeriensi obsedit Naves eorum partim cepit partim depressit captivos liberavit piratas nefarios suis conditionibus in posterum
shoot in and which as a Relique of that renowned Prince he thought could not be better dedicated than to the hands of Your Imperial Majestie Next to the Gun came a paire of Pistolets whereupon my Lord spoke again That pair of Pistolets saith he his Majestie delivered me also with his own hand commanding me to excuse their oldness which he thought would not make them less acceptable when You knew they where those with which after so long adversity He rid in His triumphant Entry into His Metropolitan City of London The Plate came next to those Pistolets and in the first place a great silver-guilt Basin supported upon two mens armes so all the rest passed by without stopping next to the Tzars the presents allowed for the two Princes then the Queenes present to the Dutchess and at last my Lord Ambassadors Thus ended the Audience and my Lord being brought home was treated as it is usual in that Court at Audience-daies with the Tzars own meat and it was therefore sent presently from the Palace There was about an hundred dishes brought publickly in order with good store of wine brandy and meade His Majestie sent also one private Boyar to take a care of all the Ceremonies that were to be observed but the greatest Ceremonie being to drink many healths he made sure to have every health written in a bill in the same order as the Tzar had appointed him His Excellency sate at the middle of the table upon his chair of State at his right hand was my Lord of Morpeth and at his left Sir John Hebdon both at each end of the table so that they were prettie distant from my Lord Ambassador the Moscovites sate together at the other side of the table which was square and crosswise set My Lord having furnished his own plates took occasion to make use himself alone of a dozain of silver-guilt plates he had but the Boyars not liking that Ceremonie seemed to look upon it with a jealous eye yet his Excellency kept them as cheerful as he could both by his graceful presence of spirit and the sweetness of his Musick The Boyar who directed the feast did also play his part with his healths holding the paper in his hand and presently begun his great Lords good health Though indeed I think he liked farr better the King of Englands for my Lord Ambassador presented him with the cup wherein he drunk it being of silver-guilt wherewith he was so much taken that he scarce minded any thing else and so went away with it The 13. of February my Lord had again Audience of the Tzar and also his first Conference with the Commissioners appointed by his Tzarskoy Majestie We went in the same order and manner as we did the first time but my Lord Ambassador was led into another hall much handsomer than the first the inner-roof being fairely guilt with very good pictures there were also fair windows and very rich tapestrie The Tzar was upon a little Throne not above two steps over the ground yet having still the Crown upon his head and the Scepter in his hand and at his right hand there was the Imperial Globe This Audience being a little private and therefore not so copious of Boyars the Tzar inquired of the Ambassadors health and told him besides that having caused the Kings Letter to be translated he knew thereby his Majesties desire and that consequently he had appointed six Commissioners amongst his near Boyars and Counsellors to treat with him about his affaires So my Lord did not stay with the Tzar above a quarter of an hour then he stood very near to him but still with his hat off While he was going to the room appointed for the Conference he was met twice by some of their Boyars wearing great gold chaines about them which I thought to be something like those Aethiopian slaves whose chaines were also of gold My Lord being come to the room he and his Commissioners sate together and he delivered them one paper about the Reparation promised in his Tzarskoy Majesties name before he made his Entrance and another concerning the Restitution of the Privileges enjoyed formerly by the English Company Thus was the first paper written FOr as much as the second day after my arrivall at the Yaws but five versts from this Citie notice having been given me by Offonassie Evanovich Nestrof my Pristaff that his Imperial Majestie expected me the next day being the fifth of February in Mosco and that about nine a Clock I should be ready to set forward I was thereupon before the said houre ready accordingly with all my train and equipage to make my solemn Entry into His said Imperial Citie of Mosco but was nevertheless detained in a noisome wisby the whole day without meat or drink for my self or attendants And when at the last order came to my Pristaff I was after having been for an houres time or more led up and down the Fields out of the way to the Citie instead of entring into the Imperial Citie according to appointment lodged in a mean village three miles distant Which indeed was the same evening in the name of his Imperial Majestie excused to me upon the mistake of the Posts and Messengers sent out for direction Whereupon I thought necessarie to write thence to his Imperial Majestie to inform His said Imperial Majestie of what had passed and of my resolution not to stirr out of that place until satisfaction were given me for so great an indignity as it to me appeared And forasmuch as before the answer to the said Letter there was upon the sixth of February sent from his Imperial Majestie to me the Diack of the imperial Cabinet to desire me by any means to make my Entrance the same day and the said Diack promising that all satisfaction should be given me concerning the said indignitie I did therefore accordingly make my Entry into this Citie the said sixth day of February but have not yet received any sufficient account concerning the occasion the manner and the punishment of the said miscarriage as in so weighty a business appertaines And forasmuch as by reason of the said miscarriage I was which I account a damage irreparable detained one whole day longer from the honor and felicity of seeing His Imperial Majestie and am so much the longer withheld from proposing what I have from the King my Master for the good of both Estates And forasmuch as in the eye and discourse of the whole World the honour of the King my Master has thereby exceedingly suffered and will daily more without a satisfaction as publick and notorious as the miscarriage And forasmuch as otherwise I can give no good account to the King my Master to whom I am responsible with my head should I digest any such indignities I therefore desire that his Imperial Majestie will be pleased to command that a perfect narrative in the most authentick manner of the reason of that disorder
Majestatem legavi Consanguineum Nostrum quicquid alii dixerint à Sanctioribus nostris Consiliis hoc ab ipso reditu nostro Carolum Comitem Carleolensem Vice-comitem Howard de Morpeth Baronem Dacre de Gillesland Statae militiae Praefectum Locum tenentem Regium in Provinciis nostris Cumberlandiae Westmorlandiae qui etiam si monitore egerem Memoriae nostrae perpetuò subjiceret quicquid in rem vestram esse videretur Nonne arcana pectoris mei illi commisi in omnibus quibus Czareae vestrae Majestati potero commodare Et num Czarea vestra Majestas per illum mihi exiguam fortassis unicam rem negabit quam à Czareâ vestrâ Majestate unquam petere possim Privilegia Hoc quidem me poeniteret utpote magis notum pervulgatum quà m aut cum nostrâ aut vestrâ existimatione possit consistere Et totus terrarum orbis multâ cum admiratione ejusmodi frustrationem intuebitur quum praesertim reputaverint quot quanta emolumenta ab augustissimis nostris Majoribus sub suis auspiciis ad Czaream vestram Coronam redierint Illi portum vestrum investigari fecerunt totius Europae mercaturam ad Archangeli fanum deduxerunt Illi in Orientali mari quum Principes adjacentes faedere inter se facto de obstruendâ narvâ convenissent Classem hostilem delerunt Captivos Praefectis vestris tradidêre Illi pecunias ad bella vestra mutuò dederunt milites Duces vobis suppeditarunt Illi pacem inter Vos Principes vicinos conciliarunt Illi in summâ annonae caritate fruges huc transportari sinebant quas Angli mercatores sine ullo compendio aut lucro incolis vestris vendiderunt multa alia tam pace quà m bello necessaria omnibus aliis prohibita Possem etiam majus adhuc hisce omnibus beneficium commemorare uni è Czareis Vestris Majoribus delatum si adeo dictu tempestivum videretur Et ego qui Legato nostro mandavi ut vobis declararet propositum mihi esse omnes Majores nostros studio erga Czaream vestram Majestatem exedere Privilegiis prohibeor subditorum nostrorum industriâ redemptis cum maximis suis impensis jacturis maximis in indagando instruendo hactenus continuando hoc commercium Ego ipse à reditu meo D no. Johanni Hebdon sine ullis Czareae autoritatis literis in rem vestram tria millia equitum peditumque concessi è flore militiae Anglicanae quae qualis sit alii meliùs dixerunt Et si Legati Vestri Extraordinarii quicquam praeter intempestivam illam impossibilem pecuniae molem petiissent aut rerum Vestrarum conditionem meliùs exposuissent Ego nullo modo Czareae Vestrae Majestati defuissem Tamen antequam Legatum meum mitterem quam potui rerum Vestrarum notitiam aliunde comparavi Comperi Polonum adhuc vos infestare Inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Suecum pace factâ quaedam tamen discordiae semina adhuc pullulare Alia quaedam didici de quibus mecum meditando credidi propter causas Majestati Vestrae non ignotas nostram inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Illum interpositionem minus gratam Ei futuram Praeterquam quod Ipse mecum reputavi solum cum nullam ad me de laetissimo reditu gratulatoriam Legationem adornasse ut neque ego cum dignitate nostrâ Illum ultro potuerim compellare Inter Czaream Vestram Majestatem Regem Sueciae interventum nostrum magis opportunum esse posse utrobique acceptum speravi si operae pretium videretur latentes contentionum scintillas antequam flammam darent comprimere restinguere Consideravi praeterea quanta nobis copia esset semper sit futura Ducum militum navium armatarum apparatus instrumenti bellici quantam semper autoritatem influxum habiturus essem 〈◊〉 plerosque Europae aut etiam extra Europam â—rincipes qui Czareae Vestrae Majestati nocere aut incommodare possent de hisce omnibus mandata necessaria dedi Legato nostro Extraordinario Et proculdubio quum Ipse à Czareâ Vestrâ Majestate beneficio affectus fuerim quum talia in literis nostris promiserim quibus Ego sanè me obligari sentiebam quum talem Virum ad Czaream Vestram Majestatem legaverim Czarea Vestra Majestas neque in rebus hujusce nec alius naturae quae mihi non potuerunt succurrere me ingratum aut immemorem invenisset Quum haec tanquam ex ipso Regiae Suae Majestatis ore pro nostrâ tenuitate Czareae Vestrae Majestati repraesentaverim haud deceat ex nostro aliquid addere aut subnectere sed Czaream Vestram Majestatem solummodo rogare ut de hisce seriò maturatè pro Summâ illâ Prudentiâ quâ Deus Czaream Vestram Majestatem impertivit Ipse deliberare decernere velit brevem expeditionem mihi indulgere ut primâ cum anni tempestate quod Regia sua Majestas mihi injunxit iter incipere possim Actum Moscuae 22. Aprilis Anno D ni 1664. CARLISLE May it please Your most Potent and most Serene Tzarskoy Majesty HAving continued here ten weeks since your Tzarskoy majesty appointed me your near Boyars and Counsellors Commissioners and finding my self still further of every day from any good success of my Negotiation I have been forced as those who cannot get over the violence or winding of the river to make up to the fountain Your Tzarskoy majesty is through your so great Dominions the only Fountain of Power and Reason and as all your subjects ought to humble themselves to your power so dare I subject my self to your Reason Forasmuch as it seemes to me that God has given as to Solomon not only riches and honor to your Tzarskoy majesty but also an understanding heart So that as there was none among your Tzarskoy Progenitors before so neither can any arise after like unto you Therefore have I desired and obtained this private Audience from your Tzarskoy majesty And even so did that first and great founder of the Amity betwixt the English and Russian Crowns of the Privileges to the English Nation Tzar Ivan Basilovich So did He use to discourse and converse in private with the Ambassadors of the Kings and Queens of England and by that means notwithstanding the ill offices of some of his Counsel and the then Lord Chancelour he took such true measures of his own affaires that ever since the mutual friendship and commerce hath continued and flourished betwixt the two Crowns and Nations till your Tzarskoy majesty now reigning Neither do I doubt but that I being come for the said purpose with as sincere intentions betwixt Princes mutually professing much greater affection shall by Gods blessing go away hence from the cleare eyes of your Tzarskoy majesty with as full satisfaction For whereas all other great Princes without any notice from his Royal majesty took care to follow
my Father had at that time for reason of State desired the taking of them away whereas to the contrary He blessed Prince even to His last breath prayed and laboured for the good of His subjects and even as to this matter had prepared a Letter which I yet preserve among His other Reliques wherein He desires of your Tzarskoy majesty the Restitution of the privileges and disavowes Nightingale as an Impostor but had He I say then desired they might be revoked I also do now desire they may be restored The Merchants are complained of for several miscarriages contrary to the condition of the Privileges None of those miscarriages are verifyed but however I ordered my Ambassador to provide against the possibility of any such thing for the future and I my self should also have been a severe Inspector of any such default as intrenching highly upon mine own honour But the Goses and all the Tradesmen of Russia petitioned that the English were become rich by these Privileges and Your Majesties subjects were impoverished How is it then that your Tzarskoy majesty said in your Letter above mentioned that much happiness peace and tranquillity had accrued to both Dominions why do they not also against the Privilege which is enjoyed by the Dutch why not against the Cupshins of Persia for some of these in the mean time have privilege while the English are totally debarred it did the privileges impoverish the Country I should be glad to hear that since they were taken away which hath been time long enough to make an experiment the Country hath thereby grown richer But for my Subjects though if by honest industry they could grow rich they are rather to be commended Yet to the contrary neare thirty of them within this thirty years are undone by the Trade having brought considerable estates into your Dominions The English Merchants to whom the Privileges were granted are dead One of them is still living however which is so enough to continue the claim of the inviolable Tzarskoy privilege and though all were dead I understand it to have been granted to their Successors and I have given my Ambassador order to name new In other Countries every where strangers pay double custome How comes it then that the English Merchants Adventurers pay no custome in Holland and have besides free houses given them and freedom from excise and all other immunities denyed their own subjects That likewise they have the same privileges and pay no custome at Hamburgh in which places the English drive a much greater trade than here Do not the English Merchants not only pay no custom themselves but divide the customes of all other Nations with the Shagh of Persia at His Port of Ormus Do the English also impoverish all those Countries But then your Tzarskoy Majesty hath warre with the Crim and the Pole Your Tzarskoy majesty must pardon me if at this reason and considering most of those before which are in a manner word for word what was returned by the Messenger of that Usurper Cromwel I find my self something moved Were there therefore no warrs when the English privileges were first granted by Tzar Jvan Basilovich were there never in all the times they have been since enjoyed If your Tzarskoy majesty hath such Enemies that seem so considerable to you will it hurt you to continue me your Friend And is six thousand rubles yearly that is three thousand pounds which is the uttermost the English customes have amounted to since the cassing of the privileges is it I say so necessary a summe to so great a Prince for the carrying on of his wars that the effects of my friendship and the commerce of the English Nation cannot countervail it But I denyed your Tzarskoy Majesty the loan of mony I hope so impossible a summe to the greatest Prince of Christendome to advance on the sudden being I may name it to your Tzarskoy majesty ten thousand Poods of silver to the value of above thirty hundred thousand Rubles was not demanded on purpose to have a pretext to deny the privileges and by proposing an impossibility to refuse what is rational The less the Courtesie is asked the greater disobligation not granted and posterity which sits in judgement upon the memory of the greatest Princes will not so much blame Me for excusing so much as You for denying so little Your Tzarskoy majesty surely received from your own Ambassadors my Answer to that particular And the Merchants of the Muscovia Company refused a much less summe to Your Ambassadors Truly the former Merchants named in the privileges were dead all except one these now living have been impoverished and disinabled by the want of the privileges this seventeen years and Evan Zelobuskey offered them but ill security for the money an Obligation that it should never be that they should trade without custome These it seemes are the reasons with which they strive to shake to use your Tzarskoy majesties own expressions that brazen wall which hath stood so many years built by the wisdome of our Ancestors and now leaning upon the stability of Your own Princely promise and shall such Pellets be able to ruine it Have I for this sent mine own ship into the sound to fetch your Ambassadors Have I lodged them in the Palace of one of my greatest Princes layd them in mine own beds mine own hangings and treated them continually in mine own Vessel Have I done them the honor to enter in my Coach within the gate of my Court given them private Audience my self as oft as they desired it and as frequent Conferences with my Counsel as they pleased I repent it not I reproach it not I bear more honour to your Tzarskoy majesty my loving Brother than to do so But I doubt that some of them have not truly informed You of all the honour they received much more than I tell You. Have I not after this sent Ambassador to You my Cosin and whatsoever may have been told You to the contrary my privy Counsellor and that ever since my return into England one of the principal Noblemen of Our Kingdomes descended of Thomas Duke of Norfolk Charles Earle of Carlisle Viscount Howard de Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Comberland and Westmorland having destinated him not only for this Ambassy but to have been my perpetual Remembrancer could I have been forgetful of any thing that tended to your Service Have I committed to him the secret of my heart in all things wherein I might pleasure you and shall your Tzarskoy majesty by him refuse me so small and perhaps the only thing which ever I can have occasion to ask of you the Privileges This indeed would repent me for the World will take more notice of it then can stand with Mine and Your honor and it will be the subject of much discourse and wonder when men shall consider what advantages this your Tzarskoy Crown hath recived from time to
Britain he esteemed it a particular one that he had chosen his Excellence the Earle of Carlisle amongst all the Nobility of England for his Ambassador Extraordinary towards him And having made reflexion upon the Prudence and Dexterity which he had used to unite the Interests of the two Kingdoms of Swedeland and England he heartily wished he might have had a longer enjoyment of his presence there But seeing he was recalled by his Majesty of great Britain the King of Swedeland thought himself obliged before his departure to give him assurances of his good affection towards the King of England And lastly he wished my Lord Ambassador a happy return into his own Country and withall assured him That he might be alwaies very confident of his Favour This Audience being ended his Excellence was conducted towards the Queen Mother of whom he took leave in these terms Madam BEing now upon my departure I ought by commandment of his Majesty and likewise of the Queen to represent again in the most lively and effectual expressions Their great Affection to your Majesty and what part They take in your Majesties Interests the same with the Interests of the King and Kingdom But as there are no words sufficient to depaint so real an affection and being moreover obliged in his Majesties name to give You thanks for all the Honours which in respect to Him your Majesty hath conferred upon me I find now a decency even in my defects and that my want of language hath been but a foresight of the King my Master and a fit Complement upon His part seeing upon so extraordinary occasions as these the boldest Eloquence would lose its Speech and had I an hundred tongues I should be struck silent Therefore I shall only pray for your Majesties happiness and prosperity and as the greatest part thereof for the health of the King Your Son upon Whom all the joyes and cares of your Majesty do so worthily center And wheresoever I go but especially to Their Majesties I shall make report of â—our Majesties unparalelled Virtues and shall my self preserve an immortal memory of all Your Royal Favours This Complement was also interpreted in French Whilst the Ambassador was making this Complement there happened an accident â—hat surprised all the Company For about â—he middle of his Speech where he saith That the boldest Eloquence would lose its â—peech his Excellence made a long pause as â—f by that he had designed to have verified â—hat he had said For my part at first I believed it was the sincerity of my Lord Ambassadors discourse that produced this effect and that it being too great a task for him to represent to the Queen the great honour his Master the King of England had for her and the great sence himself had of the Favours which he had received from her Majesty his Speech had failed him according to that saying of Seneca Curae leves loquuntur ingentes stupent Small cares may be expressed great ones are unutterable But when I saw the Secretary fall himself upon the same rock and stop in the same place when he interpreted the Complement in French then I concluded the thing had been so contrived At length both of them having recollected they finished the Harangue which in her Majesties name was thus answered That her Majesty was very much obliged both to the King and Queen of England by the new assurances of friendship which his Excellence had given her in their behalf That her Majesty desired his Excellence to testify to the King his Master with how much joy and satisfaction She received those declarations and that for her part She would not fail to employ the utmost of her Care for the Religious conservation of the happy correspondence which was now established betwixt the King of Swedeland her Son and his Majesty of great Britain That She desired also that he would signify to her Sister the Queen of England with what zeal She honoured her Person and Virtues and what delight She took in her prosperity And lastly That her Majesty was very well pleased with the generous Comportment of the Ambassador and that she had a very great esteem of his Person and merits His Excellence having taken his leave in this manner of their Majesties he was conducted into a large dining Room where in their Majesties name he was treated with all kind of Magnificence and Pomp in the Company of the principal Officers of the Court. Of my Lord Ambassadors Voiage from Stockholm to Copenhagen THe long and tedious time his Excellence had spent amongst those Sons of Winter in the Court of Moscovy constrained him to make but a short stay here to the end he might return the sooner into England And for this reason on the 13. of October two days after he had taken his leave his Excellence departed from Stockholm towards Denmark And the wind serving very well for the beginning of our Voiage he made all possible haste to embark in good time And notwithstanding the Extremity of the cold we travailed the whole night almost upon the water that his Excellency might betimes reach the Man of War which for a fortnight or three weeks had attended for him about some ten Leagues from Stockholm The next morning we embarked and about evening the Master of the Ceremonies and the Queens Mareshal or Steward of her house who had bare his Excellence company so far took their leave after the best entertainment that could be made them there amongst the thundring of the Cannon of which the Captain of the Ship was not at all sparing The Ship was called the Centurion and had at least fifty Guns mounted and an hundred and seventy Seamen so that it was no easy matter for the most part of the Ambassadors Servants to find place convenient to lodg themselves In the mean while the Coach and Horses being judged troublesome to be transported by Sea they were dispatched away by Land and arrived not at Copenhagen till after the Ambassador In this posture we continued on boord four days without power to depart by reason his Excellencies goods which were appointed to have followed immediately made us lose the opportunity of the wind by their arriving a day or two too late The 18. of October the wind serving again we set sayle but the weather proved so misty and duskish that we were constrained to cast anchor however in the afternoon the clouds â—eing a little dispersed we advanced three â—r four leagues till at night we were forced â—o come to an anchor again This Road is so â—angerous by reason of the narrowness of â—he passage and the multitude of Rocks in those parts of which some are eminent above â—ater others lie under or are at most but â—evel with the water that besides the beâ—efit of good weather a good Conduct and â—are extraordinary is required to avoid Shipwreck For this reason the Captain took Pilots along with him from that very place â—uch as
done his Excellence was conducted towards the Queen whose Character is very well exprest in the Complement the Ambassador made her with his head uncovered which was interpreted in French Madam THe King my Master hath commanded me to wait upon Your Majesty and in His Majesties Name to make to You all the most entire professions of Friendship Affection and Esteem which are due to so Great a Queen so near a Kinswoman and so admirably accomplished a Princess But seeing it is impossible to execute those commands worthily and to the full unless His Majesty could not only imprint His Character upon me but inspire me too with his great Soul and Royal Understanding I must beg Your Majesties pardon if I fall short where His Majesties sense is so far above expression and Your own Perfections are so ineffable Therefore I shall only in my ordinary and safer way assure Your Majesty that no Prince in Christendom doth interess Himself more in your Majesties health and prosperity than the King my Master And no less the Queen who as She makes His affections the rule and model of Hers hath yet moreover a singular affection and admiration of Her own for your Majesty hath commanded me to express how much She regards and loves you considering your Heroical Person as the Example of Queens and Glory of Women After which whatsoever of thoughts or words can remain to my self wherein to testifie mine own great Veneration and Service to your Majesty I shall consecrate to your Fame upon all occasions but present them to your Self involved rather in a most devout and respectful silence To which in the name of the Queen received an answer with expressions of her acknowledgment and affection From thence the Ambassador was conducted towards his Royal Highness the Prince Christian who was at that time about eighteen years of age To whom his Excellence made this Harangue with his hat on Sir THe King my Master hath commanded me particularly to wait upon your Royal Highness And as He professes a signal obligation to His Majesty your Father that according to the old familiarity and kindness betwixt the two Kings of England and Denmark He was pleased so lately to intrust so great a Pledge as your Royal Highness with Him so He desires you to believe That in that your too short stay with Him He nevertheless took such true Impressions of your Royal Highnesses most Hopeful Vertuous and Princely Disposition that were there not all those other Obligations of Friendship Kindred and Confederacy betwixt Him and the King your Father He should for your own sake have a most Sincere and Personal Friendship Kindness and Esteem for your Royal Highness and accordingly wishes you all the happiness and health as to Himself and offers Himself upon all occasions to manifest His Royal inclinations and hearty affection towards your Royal Highness For mine own part I shall from this present as I was from the first minute I had the honour to see you desire to be entred into the list of your Highnesses servants To which his Highness returned his Answer himself in two or three words After which his Excellence Complemented Prince George in his own appartement he is a handsom young Prince of great hopes and who is now much about fifteen or sixteen years of age This was the Complement his Excellence made him by Command from the King his Master Sir THe King my Master hath given me particular order to wait upon your Highness from Him as well out of Affection as Curiosity For whereas your Highness being the second Son of Denmark hath thereby a very just title to His Majesties Affection so he having heard so much of you as of a most accomplished Prince in so tender an age was very curious to know the truth of it I am most happy in this occasion to be able to certifie His Majesty with how much reason Fame hath said what she hath of you and I assure your Highness that his Majesty will take great interest and pleasure in it and desire nothing more than to be a witness thereof Himself by seeing you one day in his Court as you are already in His heart For mine own particular I am perfectly your Highnesses most humble servant The answer that was returned in the name of the Prince contained Expressions of his Acknowledgments and Respect for the King of England and towards the latter end the Prince gave his Excellence particular thanks and an assurance of his favour And now as to those things that concern my Lord's transactions in that Court during the small time we continued there after the first Audience I shall speak first as I did in my description of the second Embassy of the Ambassadors Negotiation next of his Entertainment and last of all of the most considerable passages that hapned besides during the seven weeks time his Excellence remained in that Court About this time it was that preparations were making on all sides for that unhappy War which so long afflicted both England and Holland and filled all Europe with the noise of it In order whereunto the Estates of Holland and the rest of the United Provinces inclining to the interest of France did at the same time endeavour to have joyned the Forces of the Crown of Denmark with their own The King of England on the other side laboured as much to get the Crowns of S d en and Denmark over to himself The management of which affair was the province of Mr. Coventry in Sweeden and of â—r Gilbert Talbot in Denmark who before â—he Ambassadors arrival had made some proâ—ress in the business Whence likewise it â—as his Excellencies principal Emploiment â—uring his residence there to bring the propoâ—ed League to a happy conclusion to conâ—ribute every thing that might conduce thereâ—nto True it is that according to the geâ—eral opinion it would have been a great â—ngratitude in the Dane who had received â—o great assistances from the Hollander in his â—te troubles with Sweeden to have not only â—bandoned his Alliance with the Estates but â—pposed them in this occasion by a conjunâ—tion with England But considering all the â—anner in which the Estates comported â—hemselves at that time even the Danes â—hemselves thought they had reasons enow â—o have justified such a desertion But to pass â—y this gloss I shall here only insert some â—ew Informations which the King of Denâ—arks Commissioners delivered to the Amâ—assador upon certain points which he desiâ—ed might be explained before his departure â—or the greater facilitation of the treaty which â—r Gilbert Talbot had begun For though â—he business succeeded not and all things â—ent contrary by reason the Dane not being â—ble to come to any agreement with the â—weed sided at last with the Dutch yet it will not be superfluous to give some small prospect of the proceedings of Denmark in this Conjuncture And first of all the King of Denmarkâ— Commissioners declared that his Majesty
And it extended no further than a bare treaty of Amity for the security of both the Allies and as my Lord Ambassador was assured aimed not at the prejudice of any Prince much less of the King of Great Britain who was expresly comprised therein and might have been received into the Alliance if he pleased himself Mr. de Treslon staid in this Court not above three weeks and on the fifteenth of November he departed from Copenhagen for Stockholme where he had another Embassy to make from the King his Master But besides the feasting that was occasioned by the intimacy of these two Ambassadors there was one more than ordinarily remarkable on the seventeenth of November which was at the Christening the child of my Lady Ambassadress who was brought to bed about a fortnight before of a Son It was Christened by the King the Queen and his Royal Highness and was named Frederick Christian on a Sunday at night in the House where his Excellence resided As soon as our Chaplain had administred the Baptism according to the Liturgy of the Church of England the King went to salute my Lady Ambassadress in her Chamber which was near the Room where the Infant was Baptized The Queen accompanied the King in this Visit his Royal Highness with the two Princesses his Sisters several Ladies of the Court following them There were several of the chief Ministers of State came in also to congratulate her Ladiship upon her happy delivery From this Visit their Majesties past into a large Room where his Excellence had prepared a Noble and Magnificent Collation for them The King would not sit down but choose rather to stand on one side of the table as her Majesty did also on the other with the Prince Christian and the two Princesses His Majesty continued bare all the while drinking several Healths with the Ambassador and other great Persons of his Court amongst which the Lord Treasurer who had been lately his Ambassador to the King of England was one My Lord Morpeth his excellence's Son entertained the Queen all the time his Excellence taking only now and then opportunity to address himself to her Majesty The Gentlemen and Pages that were attending on his Majesty were in the same Room where they also had their share of this Entertainment as well as the rest of the more inferiour servants who remained in the Court below At length after about half an hours time his Majesty retired with the Ambassador waiting upon him Three daies after his Excellence treated his Royal Highness again very sumptuously and after dinner His Highness was pleased to divert himself in dancing some howers with his Excellence and his principal Gentlemen Besides these Collations and some others which I pretermit his Excellence had two or three daies recreation in hunting the Hare with his Royal Highness At other times he took a survey of whatsoever was most remarkable in the City and amongst other things the Arsenal and some other magazins for their Anmunition Instruments of War At our entrance into the Arsenal which we found very fine and in good order we were surprised at first to see a Coach passing before us as it were by a peculiar motion of its own but the motion was performed by wheel-work with a kind of rudder to steer it For which purpose there were two men placed secretly within it one to turn the wheels which was the reason it moved and the other to manage the Stern They shewed his Excellence the Rarities also in the Kings Pallace which were several very curious pieces of Mechanicks besides many Curiosities brought from the remotest Countries The Rareties were disposed in five or six several appartements on one floor and indeed were the only observable things almost we saw in that Pallace Amongst other things in one of these appartements we had a sight of an excellent piece of Art which was a little Ship ready rigged whose Mast Ladders Sailes and Cannon were all of Ivory But his Majesty having a particular desire to caress his Excellence he thought good to shew him his Pallace at Frederixburgh which without contradiction is is a most magnificent and exact Pile In the mean time the King had the Curiosity to go and see the Man of War which brought his Excellence from Stockholm and was then at Anchor in the Harbour attending his departure This Visit being made of a suddain and in the absence of the Captain and the greatest part of the other Officers of the Ship the Seamen were at no small loss to receive his Majesty as he ought to have been Nevertheless that hindered not but his Majesty left some tokens of his being there by a considerable Present which he sent to the Captain and all the Seamen The Captain at his return being desirous to publish his Majesties generosity thought he could not do it any waies more remarkably than by firing his great Guns which though in the Night he discharged so freely at his return to his ship that the noise gave the Town an alarm immediately the drums beating through the streets and all people running to their Arms till at last they understood the occasion and turned their apprehensions into laughter About this time my Lord Ambassador had advertisement from Mosco amongst other things that Calthof who was detained by the Tzar after our departure was constrained to re-engage himself for two Years in the Great Dukes service He had notice likewise that his Tzarskoy Majesty had dispatched an Ambassador to the King of Great Britain to complain of him as a person that had been deficient in his respects to the Tzar and his principal Boyars in the whole process of his Negotiation But the Ambassador having from time to time sent Copies into England of all that had passed betwixt him and the Commissioners and being otherwise well advised that the King his Master did well approve of what he had done he troubled not himself with what the Tzar should attempt being very well assured as indeed it afterwards happened that all his efforts would not be able to shake the reason and justice upon which his conduct was founded About the latter end of our Residence there there was a publick combat performed in the presence of the King with portable Pumps or Engins such as are used frequently in the quenching of great fires It was managed before the Pallace betwixt six or seven men one against another having several others appointed for the management of their Pumps and for supplying them with water from the Canal Every one discharged upon his adversary by lifting up the Pipe and levelling it against his Enemy exposing themselves to the force of the Engins within fifteen or sixteen paces and plying their business so well that they left one of the Champions but one eye to guide him back again to his House My Lord Morpeth departed for England on the first day of Dicember with four or five Gentlemen and some Footmen in
to do it it would frustrate my departure and the frost or my thanks would be the same thing But I assure Your Majesty that I carry with me an heart most sensibly touched with Gratitude and most humble Devotion to Your majesty and that I shall not fail to inform the King my Master of all those Obligations The Answer that was returned in the name of the Queen consisted only like the former of affectionate Expressions toward their Majesties of Great Britain with assurances of the favour She had for the person of the Ambassador After which his Excellence was conducted to his Royal Highness in his Appartement of whom he took his leave in this manner Sir Your Royal Highness knows the King my Master so well that I need no new Credentials when I renew to your Royal Highness the assurances of his esteem and affection But if I stood need of witnesses I would cite only Your own merits it being absolutely impossible that a Prince so clear sighted as the King my Master should have an indifference for a Prince of the Qualities and Birth of your Royal Highness Or if the examples of others could prevail herein more with his Majesty than His own Inclination and Judgment He could not fail of loving and esteeming your Royal Highness seeing all those who have had the honour to know you do no less But his Majesty pretends not to imitate others but rather to set them an Example and excel them all in all the most Essential Proofs of Affection toward your Royal Highness In the mean time He entreats your Highness to furnish him as He Himself will constantly search occasions of expressing it never finding himself more happy than when He may in any way oblige You. For mine own part who can never sufficiently acknowledge the favours your Royal Highness hath done me I desire nothing with more ardour and passion than to continue in Your good Grace And I beseech You to honour me with Your Commands for I now devest my self of my Publick Character to enter henceforward into the Quality of the most humble servant of your Royal Highness To which the Prince made answer himself in two or three words as he had done before And from his Highness the Ambassador departed towards Prince George with this Complement Sir I am very happy that the last employment of this Embassage is to salute your Highness once more in his Majesties name I assure your Highnes that I hold it for a Recompense too glorious and too pleasant of all my labours that I am to conclude them in this manner For in this grand Tour of the North that I here make an end of I have indeed seen several things very remarkable but chiefly the King your Father a Prince of an admirable Generosity constancy and goodness the Queen the most adorable Princess of the World and whose unparalel'd vertues give no less courage to Fame than despair to Imitation His Royal Highness who hath travelled thorough all hearts and without any forces but those of his own merits hath won himself an universal Empire over the Esteem of all Europe the Princesses wonders of Nature and miracles of Education But after all this I must avow that I never yet saw a Prince so little and so great as your Highness or whose young mine did in his greenest years promise and threaten so much and so handsomly I leave it to your Highnesses Judgment with how much pleasure and contentment the King my Master will hear these news for I assure your Highness that he takes and will take more and more interest every day in all that concerns You. And for mine own particular I beseech your Highness to retain me in Your favour and to dispose alwaies of my person as consecrated to your Highnesses service Whereunto answer was given in the name of the Prince with great acknowledgment affection and respect towards the King of England and his Excellence had also therein several expressions of the particular affection his Highness had for his person That same day there was a great Ball made in the Pallace in which my Lord Ambassador past most part of the night But in the mean while by the favour of a Southerly wind the weather became so gentle that within three or four daies time the ice was dissolved so that our Man of War was in a condition to set sail Whereupon my Lord Ambassador chang'd his design of going by land and prepared himself to embarque with all speed for which reason he quit himself of of his coach and horses and presented them to the Master of the Ceremonies Of his Excellences Voiage from Copenhagen to London ON the fifteenth of December four days after the Audience of Congé his Excellence embarqued and the next day we came to an Anchor before Elsinore six Dutch miles from Copenhagen where we lay in expectation of an Easterly wind About this time the Publick Peace began to be broke betwixt the English and the Dutch acts of Hostility being committed on both sides though the War was not as yet formally declared yet the Goods and Persons of either Nation were subject to the outrages and depredations of War Which consideration without doubt would have been enough to have made us apprehensive of some disastrous event in our voiage had not our earnest desire of seeing England again and the advantage we had of being in a Man of War so well provided taken away all impressions of fear True it is we had daily advice of five or six Dutch men of War which lay to watch for us in the way and doubtless for his Excellences sake would have done their utmost to have taken us Yet the greatest part of us thought little of being taken and expected rather to catch some prey or other For want of a fair wind we lay six dayes at Anchor before Elsinore so that we had time enough to take a view of the Town and the Castle which secures the same very well In the mean time we had news of his Tzarkskoy Majesties Ambassadors arrival at London and with what coldness he was received by the King who immediately gave him to understand his resentment of the small satisfaction his Tzarskoy Majesty had given him in that honourable splendid Embassy which his Tzarskoy Majesty had received from him And it being about this time we made the first discovery of the great Comet that then appeared in Europe one of us took occasion to say That the Great Dukes Ambassador had already found the effects of it At length on the 23 of that moneth very early in the morning we departed from Elsinore We were scarce advanced twenty leagues in our way but the wind turned about came cross as before so that we were forced back to Elsinore My Lord Ambassador observing the uncertainty he was in and that he was become the pastime of wind and Sea believed it his most expedient course to travail by
before being surpriz'd with the alarm of the skirmish came back thereupon and at length the business was composed but so that whereas we had usually five waggons before we went from hence but with four and the Page made the rest of his voiage without his Periwig The manner of our Treatment at this place perswaded us very strongly that the Ambassador was not known in this Town in which we found the People so unkind that we might perhaps with as much reason call it Poneropolis as that to which Philip King of Macedon gave that name being inhabited only by a sort of rude and raskally People The next day being arrived at Bremen we understood by the Gazette that my Lord Morpeth was prisoner at Wesel and that the Hollanders had taken him and his Train some two or three miles from Munster in his way to Cologne True it is the Gazette made not mention of his name but all the circumstances of the news were clear indications to us that it was his Lordship whom it meant which his Excellence applied to himself as a dangerous Omen And having designed to follow him upon the same Road he took all possible care to avoid the like misfortune for which cause he had a particular care to make a short stay in every Town and to assume only the bare title of a Gentleman In which act one might have said his Excellence seemed as well to represent the person of the King his Master in his Exile as he had lately done in the Pomp and Splendour of his Restoration In short we were no sooner arrived at Munster three days after our departure from Bremen but we understood the truth of the News and all the circmstances of my Lord Morpeth's being betrayed in that Town For by accident we lay in the very same Inn he had lain in before us And because it was very easy for us to have been discovered by the Liveries though the same were something disguised to prevent all intelligence that might be given to the Governour of Wesel his Excellence thought good to remove with all speed from Munster lest we should be surprised in the same manner So that we staid at Munster not above four or five hours which Expedition was so fortunate to us that we escaped the like danger thereby After we were gone a day or two's journey from the Frontiers we were not much sollicitous any more unless it were in our passage betwixt Calais and Dover but his Excellence managed this Voiage with that prudence and caution that at last we arrived very happily in England At Rochester we understood that the Ambassadors Lady was arrived at London fifteen days before and as for himself that the Court did not expect his coming so soon after they knew the condition of my Lord Morpeth Insomuch that the Court was altogether surprised with his arrival as they were soon after with that of his Son who arrived three days after my Lord his Father the States having released him and his Train after some days confinement at Wesel The Ambassador being returned to London in this manner went immediately to pay his Duty to his Majesty carrying with him the Letter which the Tzar had delivered him at Mosco The King having first signified the satisfaction he received to see him returned from so long a Voiage at length amongst other things spake to him about the Embassy which he had lately received from the Tzar and commanded him in order to his justification to give in writing a Narrative of all that had passed relating to himself in his first Embassy Which he performed to the confusion of the Ambassador that brought the accusation against him And for fear I should leave this work imperfect I thought it necessary to adjoyn to it my Lords Apology for without doubt it would have been a great indecorum having brought the Reader thus far to leave him in suspence in a business of so great Importance True it is the most things that are contained in it have been mentioned by me before yet there are several passages also which I reserved for this place to give the Reader more satisfaction and entertainment The Style being plain is therefore the more proper for this Relation whose business it is only to give an ingenuous Narrative entirely conformable to the truth and which answers directly to the Articles which the Tzars Ambassador presented against his Excellence I thought it not necessary to introduce the Articles by themselves because they are all of them particularly refelled in his Answer made in the following form â—n his Excellencies behalf as a justification â—f his proceedings The Lord Ambassadors Apology HAving received a writing from His Tzarskoy Majesties Embassadors whereâ— they testifie the extraordinary affection of His Tzarskoy Majesty toward his Royal â—ajesty and the great honours therefore â—ewn to the Earle of Carlisle His Royal â—ajesties late Embassador justifying moreâ—er all the proceedings of his Tzarskoy Majesties Commissioners treating with the â—d Earle of Carlisle and laying on the â—ontrary an hainous charge of several Arâ—les against the said Earle of Carlisle conâ—rning his Demeanor and Conduct in the â—d Embassy We therefore return for anâ—er a Narrative of the whole matter of â—ct as the said late Embassador extraordiâ—ry upon his Royal Majesties Command â—th stated it for his own just and necessary â—dication And first at the said Earle of Carlisleâ— first descent upon the bridge of Archangel there met him one Bogdan declaring he was appointed his Pristaf whom therefore the said Earle of Carlisle saluted and respected accordingly And when they should have gone toward the place appointed for his lodging the said Pristaf took the right hand of the Ambassador and said that he had such orders from Knez Sherbatof the Governour of Archangel Which the Earle of Carlisle refusing to submit to was forced to stand upon the open bridge in the sight oâ— so many strangers of several Nations about half an hour till the Pristaf might send up to the Castle for the Governours further pleasure who at last sent and altered the Pristafs orders Moreover the Earle of Carlisle being upon his journey from Archangel towards Vologda the Pristaf sent before to Knez Ivan Machailovitz Governour of the Vaga that meâ— might be ready at Arsinoa for drawing up the boats But the said Governour threatned the Strelitz that was sent reviled thâ— Pristaf and spoke slightingly of the Embassador nor took any care for providing meâ— necessary Insomuch that the Embassador was left there in a strange Countrey noâ— knowing how either to go forward or backward till by his own great care he got meâ— together being inforced to hire them at his own expence from Arsinoa to Yagrish Which money indeed at the Ambassadors departure from Mosco was repaid him Further the Stolnick Offonassy Evanovich Nestrof and the Diack Evan Stepanovich Davidof coming to Vologda as new Pristaves to conduct the Ambassador to Mosco the said Stolnick at his
not neither do you your selves that do them For indeed who knows what will be the event of all these actions unless he had the spirit of Prophecy And if the Embassador had meant to blame the Commissioners understanding he gives them no worse than he first assumed to himself in this expression But whereas his Tzarskoy Majesties Embassadors pretend that Calthof was taken away because his time was not out and the Ambassador desired not leave for him at his departure it is notoriously otherwise For the Embassador did day by day urge his departure and the Diack of the Taynich Deale answered that he might freely depart For the the time for which he had conditioned was fully expired and accordingly by the Law of Nations he was free to have departed with the Embassador of his own Prince without leave asking ar any other formality Indeed after the Embassadors departure the said Calthof was forced by imprisonment and other hardship to take conditions for two Years more And this was the accompt his Excellency gave of his first Embassy The Answer given from his Majesty to the Tzars Embassadors was that he saw no reason he had to condemn the proceedings of his Ambassador That if the Earle of Carlisle was not perhaps very well informed of the Customes of the Court of Moscovy he had nevertheless been so strangely used on several occasions that he had more reason to complain than his Tzarskoy Majesty And whereas his Embassadors had very earnestly pressed the Friendship the the Tzar had for the King of England the King declared that he could hardly be perswaded of his affection till he saw the Foundation re-established viz. the Priviledges of the Merchants his Subjects His Excellency having in this manner been justified against the attempts of the Russ Embassador who had used all the art possible to destroy him in civility he made him a visit After which the Russ Embassador departed for his own Country not over well satisfied with his Voiage a while after his Majesty dispatched Sir John Hebdon thither in quality of his Envoyè Extraordinary but without any success So that things continue still in the same posture betwixt the two Crowns of England and Moscovy FINIS Books Printed for John Starkey at the Mitre betwixt the Middle Temple-Gate and Temple-Bar in Fleetstreet Folio's THe Voyages and Travels of the Duke of Holstein's Ambassadors into Moscovy Tartary and Persia begun in the Year 1633. and finished in 1639. 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