truth_n we_o need_v only_o to_o lay_v open_a the_o nature_n and_o ancient_a power_n of_o the_o state_n general_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o behaviour_n towards_o those_o king_n who_o abuse_v the_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o french_a monarchy_n be_v limit_v in_o its_o constitution_n under_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n general_n but_o only_o of_o the_o frank_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o nobles_z and_o prelate_n who_o be_v use_v to_o meet_v together_o on_o the_o first_o of_o may_n in_o the_o open_a field_n where_o they_o deliberate_v with_o the_o king_n concern_v matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o take_v resolution_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v all_o the_o year_n after_o after_o the_o break_n up_o of_o this_o assembly_n the_o court_n of_o the_o royal_a palace_n otherwise_o call_v the_o court_n of_o france_n compose_v of_o the_o prelate_n and_o great_a baron_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o immediate_a vassal_n of_o the_o crown_n meet_v together_o five_o or_o six_o time_n a_o year_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o what_o have_v be_v resolve_v upon_o in_o the_o general_n assembly_n to_o deliberate_v about_o public_a affair_n that_o offer_v themselves_o and_o to_o determine_v as_o judge_n the_o most_o important_a matter_n of_o private_a person_n under_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o 2d_o race_n the_o governor_n of_o city_n and_o province_n have_v make_v themselves_o hereditary_a lord_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o respective_a government_n under_o the_o title_n of_o county_n and_o dutchy_n cut_v themselves_o large_a portion_n out_o of_o the_o sovereign_n land_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o court_n of_o france_n be_v no_o more_o frequent_v by_o the_o lord_n except_o only_o when_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v homage_n and_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n or_o when_o a_o enemy_n invade_v france_n for_o than_o they_o present_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n to_o advise_v about_o the_o present_a necessity_n this_o disorder_n continue_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n augustus_n who_o have_v conquer_v normandy_n and_o the_o county_n of_o tourain_n anjou_n maine_n from_o john_n without_o land_n king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o country_n of_o vermandois_n from_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n restore_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o royal_a authority_n and_o force_v the_o baron_n to_o frequent_v his_o court_n and_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o assembly_n he_o call_v for_o the_o affair_n and_o necessity_n of_o state._n nevertheless_o those_o assembly_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n and_o this_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n some_o author_n say_v of_o st._n lewis_n who_o be_v take_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o poitiers_n and_o carry_v to_o england_n they_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o his_o ransom_n and_o to_o this_o end_n they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o merchant_n and_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n who_o be_v then_o the_o rich_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o agree_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n ransom_n upon_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o charge_n and_o office_n as_o well_o of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o be_v allow_v to_o have_v a_o place_n and_o deliberative_a voice_n in_o the_o states-general_n which_o be_v according_o grant_v to_o they_o the_o power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o states-general_n be_v such_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v not_o make_v any_o new_a levy_n of_o money_n without_o they_o which_o continue_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n vii_o as_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr commines_fw-la lib._n 6_o c._n 7._o neither_o can_v they_o make_v any_o new_a ordinance_n nor_o repeal_n or_o suppress_v the_o old_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o say_a state_n as_o be_v own_v by_o davila_n lib._n 2_o the_o li_n guerri_fw-la civili_fw-la under_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o ordinance_n be_v likewise_o make_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n which_o constitute_v the_o sovereign_a court_n of_o france_n it_o be_v there_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o foreign_a prince_n and_o nation_n the_o portion_n of_o the_o child_n of_o france_n be_v there_o regulate_v there_o they_o treat_v of_o their_o marriage_n and_o general_o of_o all_o that_o concern_v the_o affair_n of_o state_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o the_o child_n of_o france_n the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o say_a assembly_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v conceive_v in_o these_o term_n nos_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la procerum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o our_o lord_n do_v ordain_v and_o from_o hence_o be_v derive_v the_o custom_n observe_v at_o this_o day_n of_o verify_v the_o royal_a edict_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n represent_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n who_o compose_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o sovereign_a court_n of_o france_n in_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o french_a king_n at_o chartres_n be_v find_v several_a treaty_n between_o king_n philip_n augustus_n and_o richard_n and_o john_n without_o land_n king_n of_o england_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n by_o who_o consent_n and_o approbation_n the_o say_a treaty_n have_v be_v make_v and_o pope_n innocent_a vi_o have_v send_v to_o entreat_v st._n lewis_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o permit_v he_o to_o retire_v into_o france_n to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o attempt_n of_o frederick_n ii_o the_o say_a king_n answer_v the_o pope_n nuncio_n that_o he_o will_v communicate_v the_o matter_n to_o his_o parliament_n without_o who_o consent_n the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v do_v nothing_o of_o importance_n this_o be_v relate_v by_o matthew_n paris_n in_o the_o life_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o england_n ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 1244._o we_o find_v also_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o state_n determine_v all_o affair_n respect_v the_o crown_n and_o succession_n as_o for_o example_n the_o process_n which_o be_v between_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o king_n edward_n in_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n say_v the_o chancellor_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr hospital_n be_v try_v and_o debate_v the_o most_o noble_a cause_n that_o ever_o be_v viz._n to_o who_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n do_v belong_v after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o fair_a to_o philip_n of_o valois_n his_o cousin_n or_o to_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n king_n philip_z not_o preside_v in_o that_o assembly_n because_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o king_n and_o beside_o be_v a_o party_n it_o appear_v clear_o from_o the_o power_n of_o the_o state_n general_n that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v bound_v by_o law_n indeed_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n whereof_o we_o can_v make_v the_o least_o doubt_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o find_v it_o acknowledge_v by_o lewis_n xi_o the_o most_o unbridled_a monarch_n that_o ever_o be_v see_v what_o he_o write_v in_o the_o rosary_n of_o war_n compose_v by_o he_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n for_o the_o use_n of_o charles_n viii_o he_o son._n when_o king_n or_o prince_n say_v he_o have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n they_o take_v from_o the_o people_n what_o they_o ought_v to_o leave_v they_o possess_v of_o and_o do_v not_o give_v they_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o make_v their_o people_n slave_n and_o thereby_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king._n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v call_v a_o king_n but_o he_o that_o rule_v and_o have_v dominion_n over_o freeman_n this_o thing_n be_v so_o notorious_a even_o to_o stranger_n themselves_o that_o machiavelli_n maintain_v that_o the_o stability_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o france_n be_v owe_v to_o this_o because_o the_o king_n there_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o great_a number_n of_o law_n which_o prove_v the_o security_n and_o safeguard_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n lib._n 1_o di_fw-mi discorsi_n c._n 16._o messire_n claudius_n de_fw-fr seissel_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o french_a monarchy_n part_v 2._o chap._n 12._o dedicate_v to_o francis_n i._o maintain_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o monarchy_n of_o france_n do_v partake_v of_o aristocrasy_n which_o make_v it_o both_o more_o perfect_a and_o durable_a yea_o he_o assert_n that_o it_o be_v also_o in_o part_n democratical_a and_o express_o maintain_v that_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n be_v no_o other_o than_o true_a tyranny_n when_o it_o be_v make_v use_n of_o
shall_v be_v present_a or_o before_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n if_o he_o can_v be_v there_o and_o those_o that_o he_o shall_v call_v to_o he_o and_o if_o he_o can_v be_v present_a matter_n shall_v proceed_v notwithstanding_o without_o he_o so_o always_o that_o if_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n be_v concern_v in_o any_o such_o complaint_n they_o shall_v not_o give_v judgement_n thereupon_o but_o other_o choose_v and_o swear_v shall_v be_v put_v in_o their_o room_n to_o act_v in_o their_o stead_n by_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n if_o we_o have_v disseize_v or_o esloin_v any_o welshman_n of_o land_n franchise_n or_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n in_o england_n or_o in_o wales_n they_o shall_v forthwith_o be_v restore_v unto_o they_o and_o if_o suit_n arise_v thereupon_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v they_o in_o the_o march_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n of_o english_a tenement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o tenement_n in_o wales_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n and_o tenement_n in_o the_o march_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o march_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v the_o welsh_a do_v to_o we_o and_o our_o subject_n as_o for_o all_o such_o thing_n whereof_o any_o welshman_n have_v be_v disseize_v or_o esloyn_v without_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n by_o king_n henry_n our_o father_n or_o by_o king_n richard_n our_o brother_n which_o we_o have_v in_o our_o hand_n or_o which_o any_o other_o have_v to_o who_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o warrant_v the_o same_o we_o will_v have_v respite_n till_o the_o common_a term_n be_v expire_v of_o all_o that_o cross_v themselves_o for_o the_o holy_a land_n those_o thing_n except_v whereupon_o suit_n be_v commence_v or_o inquest_n take_v by_o our_o order_n before_o we_o take_v upon_o we_o the_o cross_n and_o when_o we_o shall_v return_v from_o our_o pilgrimage_n or_o if_o peradventure_o we_o forbear_v go_v we_o will_v present_o cause_v full_a right_o to_o be_v do_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n and_o before_o the_o say_a party_n we_o will_v forthwith_o restore_v the_o son_n of_o lewellyn_n and_o all_o the_o hostage_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o deed_n that_o have_v be_v deliver_v to_o we_o for_o security_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o will_v deal_v with_o alexander_n king_n of_o scotland_n as_o to_o the_o restore_v he_o his_o suitor_n and_o his_o hostage_n his_o franchise_n and_o right_n as_o we_o do_v with_o our_o other_o baron_n of_o england_n unless_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v otherwise_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o charter_n which_o we_o have_v of_o his_o father_n william_n late_a king_n of_o scotland_n and_o this_o to_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n in_o our_o court._n all_o these_o custom_n and_o franchise_n aforesaid_a which_o we_o have_v grant_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o our_o kingdom_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o be_v concern_v towards_o our_o man_n all_o person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n clerk_n and_o lay_v must_v observe_v for_o their_o part_n towards_o their_o men._n and_o whereas_o we_o have_v grant_v all_o these_o thing_n for_o god_n sake_n and_o for_o the_o amendment_n of_o our_o government_n and_o for_o the_o better_a compremise_v the_o discord_n arisen_a betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o baron_n we_o will_v that_o the_o same_o be_v firm_o hold_v and_o establish_v for_o ever_o do_v make_v and_o grant_v to_o our_o baron_n the_o scurity_n underwritten_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o baron_n shall_v choose_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o they_o listen_v who_o shall_v to_o their_o utmost_a power_n keep_v and_o hold_v and_o cause_n to_o be_v keep_v the_o peace_n and_o the_o liberty_n which_o we_o have_v grant_v and_o confirm_v by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n insomuch_o that_o if_o we_o or_o our_o justice_n or_o our_o bailiff_n or_o any_o of_o our_o minister_n act_n contrary_a to_o the_o same_o in_o any_o thing_n against_o any_o person_n or_o offend_v against_o any_o article_n of_o this_o peace_n and_o security_n and_o such_o our_o miscarriage_n be_v show_v to_o four_o baron_n of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o those_o four_o baron_n shall_v come_v to_o we_o or_o to_o our_o justice_n if_o we_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o show_v we_o our_o miscarriage_n and_o require_v we_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o without_o delay_n and_o if_o we_o do_v not_o amend_v it_o or_o if_o we_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n our_o justice_n do_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o forty_o day_n after_o the_o same_o be_v show_v to_o we_o or_o to_o our_o justice_n if_o we_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n than_o the_o say_v four_o baron_n shall_v report_v the_o same_o to_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n and_o then_o those_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n with_o the_o commonalty_n of_o all_o england_n may_v distress_v we_o by_o all_o the_o way_n they_o can_v to_o wit_n by_o seize_v on_o our_o castle_n land_n and_o possession_n and_o by_o what_o other_o mean_v they_o can_v till_o it_o be_v amend_v as_o they_o shall_v adjudge_v save_v our_o own_o person_n the_o person_n of_o our_o queen_n and_o the_o person_n of_o our_o child_n and_o when_o it_o be_v amend_v they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o we_o as_o before_o and_o whoever_o of_o the_o realm_n will_v may_v swear_v that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o thing_n he_o will_v obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n and_o that_o together_o with_o they_o he_o will_v distress_v we_o to_o his_o power_n and_o we_o give_v public_a and_o free_a leave_n to_o swear_v to_o all_o that_o will_v swear_v and_o will_v never_o hinder_v any_o one_o and_o for_o all_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n will_v swear_v to_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n to_o distress_v we_o we_o will_v issue_v our_o precept_n command_v they_o to_o swear_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n die_v or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n or_o be_v any_o way_n hinder_v from_o act_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o residue_n of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n shall_v choose_v another_o in_o his_o room_n according_a to_o their_o discretion_n who_o shall_v swear_v as_o the_o other_o do_v and_o as_o to_o all_o thing_n which_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n be_v to_o do_v if_o peradventure_o they_o be_v not_o all_o present_a or_o can_v agree_v or_o in_o case_n any_o of_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v can_v or_o will_v not_o come_v whatever_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o that_o be_v present_a shall_v be_v good_a and_o valid_a as_o if_o all_o have_v be_v present_a and_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n shall_v swear_v that_o they_o will_v faithful_o observe_v all_o the_o matter_n aforesaid_a and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v to_o their_o power_n and_o we_o will_v not_o obtain_v of_o any_o one_o for_o ourselves_o or_o for_o any_o other_o any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o of_o these_o concession_n or_o of_o these_o liberty_n may_v be_v revoke_v or_o annihilate_v and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v obtain_v it_o shall_v be_v null_a and_o void_a nor_o shall_v ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o ourselves_o or_o any_o other_o and_o all_o ill_a will_n disdain_n and_o rancour_n which_o have_v be_v betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o subject_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n since_o the_o say_a discord_n begin_v we_o do_v full_o release_v and_o pardon_n to_o they_o all_o and_o moreover_o all_o trespass_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v by_o occasion_n of_o the_o say_a discord_n since_o easter_n in_o the_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n to_o the_o restore_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o have_v full_o release_v to_o all_o clerk_n and_o layman_n and_o so_o far_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o have_v full_o pardon_v they_o and_o further_o we_o have_v cause_v letter_n patent_n to_o be_v make_v to_o they_o in_o testimony_n hereof_o witness_v by_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n henry_n archbishop_z of_o dublin_n and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a bishop_n and_o by_o mr._n pandulphus_fw-la upon_o this_o security_n and_o these_o concession_n whereby_o we_o will_v and_o strict_o command_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v free_a and_o enjoy_v all_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o right_n and_o grant_v well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_o and_o quiet_o full_o and_o entire_o to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o all_o thing_n in_o all_o place_n and_o for_o ever_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o we_o and_o our_o baron_n have_v swear_v that_o all_o thing_n above_o write_v shall_v be_v keep_v on_o our_o part_n in_o good_a faith_n without_o ill_a design_n the_o witness_n be_v the_o person_n abovenamed_a and_o many_o other_o this_o charter_n be_v give_v at_o the_o meadow_n call_v running-mead_n betwixt_o windsor_n and_o stanes_n the_o 15_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n john_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hampshire_n and_o to_o the_o twelve_o that_o be_v choose_v in_o that_o county_n to_o inquire_v of_o and_o put_v away_o the_o evil_a custom_n of_o sheriff_n and_o of_o their_o minister_n of_o forest_n and_o forester_n of_o warren_n and_o warrenner_n of_o river_n and_o of_o guard_v they_o greeting_n we_o command_v you_o that_o without_o delay_n you_o seize_v into_o our_o hand_n the_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o the_o good_n of_o all_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o southampton_n that_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n according_a to_o the_o form_n express_v in_o our_o charter_n of_o liberty_n or_o to_o such_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v thereunto_o appoint_v and_o if_o they_o will_v not_o swear_v present_o at_o the_o end_n of_o fifteen_o day_n after_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o chattel_n be_v seize_v into_o our_o hand_n that_o you_o sell_v all_o their_o good_n and_o keep_v safe_o the_o money_n that_o you_o shall_v receive_v for_o the_o same_o to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o that_o yeâ—_n keep_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o our_o hand_n till_o they_o have_v swear_v or_o that_o stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o our_o kingdom_n have_v give_v judgement_n thereupon_o in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o direct_v unto_o you_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n witness_v ourselves_o at_o odibaam_n the_o seven_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n finis_fw-la book_n late_o print_v for_o richard_n chiswell_n the_o case_n of_o allegiance_n in_o our_o present_a circumstance_n consider_v in_o a_o letter_n from_o a_o minister_n in_o the_o city_n to_o a_o minister_n in_o the_o country_n 4o._o a_o breviate_v of_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n in_o its_o government_n supreme_a court_n officer_n of_o state_n inferior_a officer_n office_n and_o inferior_a court_n district_n jurisdiction_n burrough_n royal_a and_o free_a corporation_n fol._n some_o consideration_n touch_v succession_n and_o allegiance_n 4o._o reflection_n upon_o the_o late_a great_a revolution_n write_v by_o a_o lay-hand_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o neighbour_n the_o history_n of_o the_o desertion_n or_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o public_a affair_n in_o england_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n 1688._o to_o the_o twelve_o of_o february_n follow_v with_o a_o answer_n to_o a_o piece_n call_v the_o desertion_n discuss_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o a_o country_n gentleman_n by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n k._n william_n and_o k._n lewis_n wherein_o be_v set_v forth_o the_o inevitable_a necessity_n these_o nation_n lie_v under_o of_o submit_v whole_o to_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o king_n and_o that_o the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n be_v not_o now_o between_o k._n william_n and_o k._n james_n but_o between_o k._n william_n and_o k._n lewis_n of_o france_n for_o the_o government_n of_o these_o nation_n a_o examination_n of_o the_o scruple_n of_o those_o who_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n by_o a_o divine_a of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n a_o dialogue_n betwixt_o two_o friend_n a_o jacobite_n and_o a_o williamite_n occasion_v by_o the_o late_a revolution_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n the_o case_n of_o oath_n state_v 4o._o a_o letter_n from_o a_o french_a lawyer_n to_o a_o english_a gentleman_n upon_o the_o present_a revolution_n 4o._o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o present_a settlement_n and_o the_o great_a danger_n of_o a_o relapse_n the_o interest_n of_o england_n in_o the_o preservation_n of_o ireland_n
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d king_n or_o emperor_n believe_v that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n leave_v they_o in_o some_o dependence_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n this_o oblige_v the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n to_o intimate_v their_o independency_n upon_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o east_n which_o title_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n have_v afterward_o make_v use_n of_o as_o a_o pretence_n to_o raise_v themselves_o above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n the_o western_a king_n do_v the_o same_o which_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n have_v do_v before_o to_o assert_v their_o independency_n for_o not_o only_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o some_o other_o western_a king_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n alphonsus_n vi_o king_n of_o spain_n take_v upon_o he_o this_o title_n by_o a_o concession_n from_o pope_n vrban_n two_o because_o he_o have_v suppress_v the_o mosorabick-office_n alphonsus_n vii_o and_o viii_o assume_v the_o same_o title_n and_o alphonsus_n viii_o be_v crown_v in_o that_o quality_n by_o raymond_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o church_n of_o lion_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o pope_n innocent_a two_o as_o be_v report_v by_o garibay_n lib._n 8._o hist_o cap._n 4._o we_o find_v that_o peter_n de_fw-fr clugny_n write_v to_o this_o alphonsus_n as_o emperor_n of_o spain_n epist_n 8._o and_o long_a time_n before_o these_o prince_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n since_o richaredus_n have_v take_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o flavian_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o council_n of_o toledo_n yet_o philip_n two_o have_v demand_v this_o title_n in_o 1564_o of_o pope_n pius_n iv_o it_o be_v refuse_v he_o the_o king_n of_o lombardy_n have_v assume_v the_o title_n of_o flavian_o even_o since_o autlaric_n according_a to_o the_o account_v give_v we_o by_o paul_n diacon_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 8_o which_o they_o do_v to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v emperor_n in_o their_o own_o land_n and_o territory_n and_o that_o they_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_a or_o superior_a and_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n some_o western_a king_n affect_v that_o title_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o be_v the_o rather_o persuade_v so_o to_o do_v because_o some_o canonist_n and_o lawyer_n have_v impudent_o maintain_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n france_n and_o england_n be_v subject_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n glossa_fw-la in_o cap._n venerabil_n de_fw-fr elect._n in_o verbo_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o in_o caput_fw-la venerabil_n qui_fw-la silij_fw-la sint_fw-la legitimi_fw-la bartolus_n in_o caput_fw-la host_n ff_n de_fw-fr captivis_fw-la alciat_fw-la lib._n 2_o disjunct_n c._n 22._o baldus_n in_o cap._n 1_o de_fw-fr pace_n juramento_fw-la fervando_fw-la in_o usibus_fw-la feudorum_fw-la though_o he_o contradict_v himself_o by_o assert_v elsewhere_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o first_o illusion_n some_o make_v use_v of_o to_o persuade_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n possess_v the_o same_o right_n as_o the_o emperor_n a_o second_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o more_o ground_n be_v this_o they_o say_v that_o as_o the_o emperor_n that_o be_v after_o vespasian_n have_v the_o right_a to_o divide_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o settle_v it_o by_o their_o will_n on_o their_o heir_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v the_o like_a it_o appear_v thereby_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o right_n the_o emperor_n have_v to_o this_o purpose_n they_o allege_v the_o last_o will_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n but_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o vain_a than_o this_o objection_n 1._o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o election_n of_o king_n take_v place_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o saxon_n not_o that_o they_o do_v it_o with_o that_o freeness_n as_o to_o prefer_v the_o uncle_n before_o his_o nephew_n that_o be_v under_o age_n age_n tho_o the_o king_n son_n and_o the_o young_a brother_n before_o the_o elder_a 2_o it_o be_v true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v act_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n in_o dispose_v of_o his_o kingdom_n in_o favour_n of_o william_n rufus_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o one_o dispose_v of_o a_o conquest_n and_o this_o in_o prejudice_n to_o robert_n his_o elder_a son_n as_o be_v also_o do_v by_o william_n rufus_n but_o these_o two_o prince_n die_v without_o heir_n henry_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n alexander_n of_o scotland_n who_o have_v the_o right_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o who_o in_o consideration_n of_o that_o marriage_n renounce_v the_o right_n he_o may_v pretend_v to_o england_n as_o heir_n presumptive_a of_o the_o saxon_a king_n have_v obtain_v the_o government_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n the_o law_n recover_v their_o strength_n and_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o ancient_a channel_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v folly_n for_o any_o one_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v alienate_v their_o estate_n as_o a_o private_a person_n can_v alienate_v his_o inheritance_n this_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n john_n who_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o whole_a state_n for_o pretend_v to_o subject_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n to_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o and_o according_a to_o the_o unanimous_a opinion_n of_o all_o lawyer_n these_o last_o will_n can_v real_o be_v of_o no_o force_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n to_o authorise_v they_o as_o we_o find_v that_o the_o same_o do_v intervene_v in_o both_o the_o forementioned_a case_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v invincible_a forasmuch_o as_o all_o state_n do_v not_o consider_v their_o king_n as_o proprietor_n of_o their_o kingdom_n but_o only_o as_o public_a minister_n who_o be_v entrust_v with_o a_o jurisdiction_n and_o administration_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o this_o be_v the_o title_n by_o which_o even_a conqueror_n themselves_o be_v at_o last_o oblige_v to_o hold_v their_o authority_n they_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o 3d_o place_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n entitle_v themselves_o king_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n it_o appear_v that_o their_o power_n be_v come_v from_o god_n can_v be_v limit_v by_o their_o subject_n over_o who_o god_n have_v set_v they_o a_o wonderful_a way_n of_o argue_v and_o never_o know_v till_o these_o our_o time_n at_o least_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o who_o have_v defend_v nicholas_n de_fw-fr lyra_n against_o burgensis_n have_v make_v a_o very_a different_a use_n of_o these_o word_n dei_fw-la gratia_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n wherewith_o the_o king_n of_o the_o north_n preface_n their_o title_n from_o what_o some_o now_o a_o day_n make_v of_o it_o for_o he_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v the_o character_n of_o a_o limit_a and_o temper_a government_n see_v how_o he_o express_v himself_o upon_o the_o 8._o ch_z of_o the_o 1_o book_n of_o king_n titulus_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la modo_fw-la regendi_fw-la vitiato_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v illimitato_n as_o he_o express_v himself_o fore_o contradicit_fw-la nam_fw-la titulus_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la n._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la romanorum_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o semper_fw-la augustus_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la non_fw-la privatae_fw-la accommodus_fw-la ita_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la regum_fw-la protestationes_fw-la sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la quae_fw-la vitiatum_fw-la principatum_fw-la non_fw-la admittit_fw-la the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o emperor_n say_v he_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o unlimited_a kind_n of_o government_n for_o his_o title_n be_v n._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o augustus_n that_o be_v enlarge_a of_o the_o empire_n which_o imply_v that_o his_o government_n be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o not_o his_o private_a interest_n so_o likewise_o we_o find_v that_o the_o protestation_n of_o other_o king_n be_v under_o dei_fw-la gratia_n the_o grace_n of_o god_n which_o do_v not_o admit_v of_o arbitrary_a government_n there_o remain_v but_o two_o difficulty_n more_o the_o first_o be_v this_o several_a member_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n have_v persuade_v the_o people_n that_o a_o necessity_n be_v lay_v upon_o they_o to_o suffer_v all_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o king_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v according_o usurp_v those_o right_n and_o be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o they_o when_o the_o same_o begin_v to_o oppose_v themselves_o to_o king_n james_n this_o be_v that_o they_o call_v a_o right_n of_o prescription_n they_o consider_v the_o
promulgamus_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la ex_fw-la eye_n contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la legum_fw-la superba_fw-la dominatione_fw-la &_o fastu_fw-la regio_fw-la in_o flagitiis_fw-la &_o facinore_fw-la sive_fw-la cupiditate_fw-la crudelissimam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o populis_fw-la exercuerit_fw-la anathematis_fw-la sententia_fw-la à _fw-la christo_fw-la domino_fw-la condemnetur_fw-la &_o habeat_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la separationem_fw-la atque_fw-la judicium_fw-la propter_fw-la quod_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la prava_fw-la agere_fw-la &_o in_o perniciem_fw-la regnum_fw-la deducere_fw-la regnum_fw-la regnum_fw-la deducere_fw-la convertere_fw-la de_fw-fr se_fw-fr suintilane_n vero_fw-la qui_fw-la scelera_fw-la propria_fw-la metuens_fw-la seipsum_fw-la regno_fw-la privavit_fw-la &_o potestatis_fw-la fascibus_fw-la exuit_fw-la id_fw-la cum_fw-la gentis_fw-la consultu_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la ut_fw-la neque_fw-la eundem_fw-la vel_fw-la vxorem_fw-la ejus_fw-la propter_fw-la mala_fw-la quae_fw-la commiserunt_fw-la neque_fw-la filios_fw-la eorum_fw-la unitati_fw-la nostrae_fw-la unquam_fw-la consociemus_fw-la nec_fw-la eos_fw-la ad_fw-la honores_fw-la à _fw-la quibus_fw-la ob_fw-la iniquitatem_fw-la dejecti_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliquando_fw-la provehamus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la aliquando_fw-la provehamus_fw-la promoveamus_fw-la quique_fw-la etiam_fw-la sicut_fw-la à _fw-la fastigio_fw-la regni_fw-la habentur_fw-la extranei_fw-la ita_fw-la &_o à _fw-la possessione_n rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la de_fw-la miserorum_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la auxerant_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la auxerant_fw-la hauser_n ant_n maneant_fw-la alieni_fw-la praeter_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la pielate_fw-la piissimi_fw-la principis_fw-la nostri_fw-la fuerint_fw-la consecuti_fw-la non_fw-la aliter_fw-la &_o geilanem_fw-la &_o &_o geilanem_fw-la gelanem_fw-la memorati_fw-la suintilanae_n memorati_fw-la memorati_fw-la suintilanae_n suintilani_n &_o sanguine_a &_o scelere_fw-la fratrem_fw-la qui_fw-la neque_fw-la in_o germanitatis_fw-la fide_fw-la germanitatis_fw-la germanitatis_fw-la fide_fw-la foedere_fw-la stabilis_fw-la extitit_fw-la nec_fw-la fidem_fw-la gloriosissimo_fw-la nostro_fw-la domino_fw-la pollicito_fw-la conservavit_fw-la hunc_fw-la igitur_fw-la cum_fw-la conjuge_fw-la sva_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o est_fw-la &_o &_o antefactum_fw-la est_fw-la antefatos_fw-la à _fw-la societate_fw-la gentis_fw-la atque_fw-la consortio_fw-la nostro_fw-la placuit_fw-la separari_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o amissis_fw-la facultatibus_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la per_fw-la iniquitatem_fw-la creverant_fw-la reduce_v fieri_fw-la id_fw-la fieri_fw-la fieri_fw-la praeter_fw-la in_o id_fw-la praeter_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la consecuti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la pielate_fw-la clementissimi_fw-la principis_fw-la nostri_fw-la cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o bonos_fw-es donorum_fw-la praemiis_fw-la ditat_v &_o malos_fw-la à _fw-la beneficentia_fw-la sva_fw-la separate_z sva_fw-la sva_fw-la congruè_fw-fr non_fw-fr separate_z non_fw-la separat_fw-la gloria_fw-la autem_fw-la &_o honour_n omnipotenti_fw-la deo_fw-la nostro_fw-la in_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumus_fw-la post_fw-la haec_fw-la salus_fw-la &_o pax_fw-la &_o diuturnitas_fw-la piissimo_fw-la &_o amatori_fw-la christi_fw-la domino_fw-la sisenando_n regi_fw-la cujus_fw-la devotio_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la decretum_fw-la salutiferum_fw-la convocavit_fw-la corroboret_fw-la christi_fw-la gloria_fw-la regnum_fw-la illius_fw-la gentesque_fw-la illius_fw-la illius_fw-la gentesque_fw-la gentisque_fw-la gothorum_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la catholica_fw-la annis_fw-la &_o meritis_fw-la protegat_fw-la illum_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ultimam_fw-la senectutem_fw-la summa_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o post_fw-la praesentis_fw-la regni_fw-la gloriam_fw-la ad_fw-la aeternum_fw-la regnum_fw-la transeat_fw-la &_o transeat_fw-la transeat_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la sine_fw-la sine_fw-la regnet_fw-la qui_fw-la saeculo_fw-la qui_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o saeculo_fw-la intra_fw-la saeculum_fw-la feliciter_fw-la imperat_fw-la ipso_fw-la praestante_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la dominantium_fw-la cum_fw-la patre_fw-la &_o spiritu_fw-la sancto_fw-la in_o saecula_fw-la saeculorum_fw-la amen_o definitis_fw-la itaque_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la superius_fw-la comprehensa_fw-la sunt_fw-la annuente_fw-la religiosissimo_fw-la principe_fw-la placuit_fw-la deinde_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la impediente_fw-la à _fw-la quolibet_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la constituta_fw-la sunt_fw-la temerari_fw-la sed_fw-la cuncta_fw-la salubri_fw-la consilio_fw-la conservari_fw-la consilio_fw-la consilio_fw-la conservari_fw-la conservare_fw-la quae_fw-la quia_fw-la profectibus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o animae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la conveniunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la propriâ_fw-la subscriptione_n ut_fw-la permaneant_fw-la roboramus_fw-la omnes_fw-la roboramus_fw-la roboramus_fw-la &_o subscripserunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la a_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o article_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la now_o print_v in_o this_o appendix_n these_o article_n or_o capitula_fw-la be_v find_v in_o the_o study_n of_o bishop_n warner_n late_a bishop_n of_o rochester_n they_o be_v communicate_v by_o a_o gentleman_n of_o that_o family_n to_o mr._n geddis_n and_o by_o he_o to_o the_o present_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n there_o can_v be_v no_o reasonable_a scruple_n raise_v against_o the_o authenticness_n or_o truth_n of_o the_o write_n for_o first_o 1._o it_o be_v in_o a_o hand_n very_o ancient_a they_o that_o be_v competent_a judge_n of_o such_o antiquity_n say_v it_o well_o pretend_v to_o the_o time_n of_o which_o it_o treat_v 2._o it_o have_v yet_o appendant_a the_o seal_n of_o king_n john_n without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o be_v late_o affix_v 3._o in_o the_o famous_a library_n of_o sir_n john_n cotton_n there_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v many_o private_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o write_n and_o also_o of_o the_o seal_n 4._o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n among_o many_o thing_n there_o enter_v of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n these_o article_n be_v record_v and_o be_v thence_o transcribe_v many_o year_n before_o the_o original_a of_o they_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n 5._o this_o instrument_n be_v the_o same_o which_o matth._n paris_n mention_v page_n 254._o by_o the_o name_n of_o schedula_n archiepiscopus_fw-la schedulam_fw-la illam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o archbishop_n with_o other_o bring_v that_o schedule_n to_o the_o king_n recite_v before_o the_o king_n all_o the_o capitula_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o though_o the_o king_n then_o reject_v yet_o short_o after_o upon_o better_a advice_n he_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o next_o page_n of_o matth._n paris_n these_o argument_n may_v satisfy_v those_o who_o since_o the_o late_a mention_v of_o these_o article_n in_o the_o pastoral_n letter_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n have_v have_v the_o civility_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o these_o article_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o contain_v some_o part_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o baron_n due_a to_o they_o by_o the_o unwritten_a or_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o right_n for_o more_o certainty_n be_v in_o several_a reign_v draw_v into_o write_v and_o for_o more_o obligatoriness_n into_o charter_n after_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o confessor_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o that_o king._n william_n the_o conqueror_n confirm_v to_o the_o old_a and_o new_a baron_n of_o his_o investiture_n according_a to_o custom_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n in_o ingulf_n and_o other_o testimony_n 2._o these_o article_n or_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n be_v recognize_v and_o by_o oath_n re-confirmed_a by_o william_n rufus_n no_o doubt_n at_o his_o coronation_n or_o not_o long_o after_o the_o old_a english_a chronicle_n write_v thus_o william_n rufus_n by_o his_o letter_n summon_v the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o st._n paul_n and_o there_o he_o swear_v and_o make_v to_o they_o surety_n by_o write_v to_o sustain_v and_o maintain_v the_o right_n 3._o king_n henry_n i._o ratify_v these_o right_n in_o his_o charter_n we_o find_v in_o general_a lagam_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la it_o emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la eam_fw-la emendavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o restore_v to_o you_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n as_o it_o be_v mend_v or_o enlarge_v by_o my_o father_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o baron_n 4._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o king_n john_n to_o omit_v other_o both_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o at_o other_o time_n confirm_v these_o article_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o old_a law._n matth._n paris_n pag._n 239._o the_o king_n john_n strict_o command_v that_o the_o law_n of_o his_o grandfather_n king_n henry_n shall_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o what_o this_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n or_o emendation_n contain_v the_o same_o matth._n paris_n set_v down_o in_o short_a pag._n 252._o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_n contain_v certain_a liberty_n and_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o great_a man_n as_o also_o some_o liberty_n superad_v by_o king_n hen._n i._n and_o pag._n 254._o capitula_fw-la quoque_fw-la legum_fw-la &_o libertatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o head_n or_o article_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n which_o the_o great_a man_n desire_v to_o be_v confirm_v be_v already_o enter_v partly_o above_o in_o the_o charter_n
of_o henry_n i._o and_o partly_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o historian_n speak_v of_o these_o very_a article_n here_o print_v 5._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o these_o article_n there_o be_v no_o care_n take_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v this_o the_o churchman_n most_o than_o hold_v with_o the_o king._n and_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n be_v most_o heavy_a upon_o the_o laity_n who_o frame_v these_o article_n without_o the_o clergy_n 6._o these_o article_n provide_v nothing_o concern_v the_o summons_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o reason_n whereof_o probable_o be_v this_o the_o baron_n of_o that_o time_n have_v introduce_v a_o practice_n of_o themselves_o to_o appoint_v the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o the_o grant_n of_o these_o very_a article_n king_n john_n send_v to_o the_o baron_n ut_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la providerent_fw-la congruum_fw-la ad_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la prosequenda_fw-la that_o they_o the_o baron_n will_v appoint_v time_n and_o place_n for_o the_o conclude_a that_o matter_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o in_o who_o charter_n the_o article_n de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_fw-la habendo_fw-la be_v omit_v and_o in_o who_o time_n the_o baron_n begin_v again_o to_o war_n we_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n come_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o say_v he_o must_v ordain_v and_o see_v for_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o then_o set_v the_o king_n a_o day_n to_o meet_v at_o oxenford_n and_o there_o to_o hold_v a_o parliament_n so_o the_o english_a chronicle_n however_o this_o grand_a affair_n as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o church_n be_v provide_v for_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john._n whereby_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o these_o article_n be_v but_o the_o rudiment_n of_o that_o charter_n after_o further_a enlarge_v upon_o further_a deliberation_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o say_v a_o few_o thing_n concern_v the_o perfect_a and_o complete_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n here_o print_v in_o french._n 1._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o old_a time_n to_o make_v three_o several_a copy_n of_o public_a act_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la we_o have_v one_o in_o latin_a in_o matthew_n paris_n this_o in_o french_a or_o old_a norman_a language_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n and_o thence_o publish_v some_o year_n pass_v by_o luke_n dachery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la that_o in_o english_a be_v send_v into_o all_o county_n but_o as_o yet_o no_o copy_n in_o this_o language_n appear_v thus_o also_o the_o law_n of_o canute_n and_o the_o provision_n of_o oxford_n to_o mention_v no_o more_o make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o be_v publish_v in_o three_o language_n 2._o the_o very_a same_o charter_n publish_v in_o latin_a by_o matthew_n paris_n be_v also_o extant_a in_o the_o history_n of_o rad._n niger_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n and_o also_o in_o two_o several_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n where_o also_o about_o twenty_o year_n past_o the_o very_a original_a be_v to_o be_v see_v 3._o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n be_v not_o extant_a in_o any_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n or_o elsewhere_o as_o several_a affirm_v nor_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o h._n iii_o but_o only_a by_o inspeximus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n i._n a_o thing_n much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o rudburne_n write_v of_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._o sublatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la variis_fw-la fallaciis_fw-la exceptis_fw-la tribus_fw-la all_o but_o three_o be_v embezele_v 4._o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o that_o of_o hen._n iii_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o where_o as_o they_o do_v exceed_o differ_v as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o epinomis_n have_v partly_o observe_v and_o may_v further_o appear_v to_o any_o that_o will_v compare_v they_o matthew_z paris_z pag._n 323._o the_o tenor_n of_o these_o charter_n be_v full_o set_v down_o above_z where_o our_o history_n treat_v of_o king_n john_n so_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o hen._n iii_o be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n these_o word_n be_v not_o the_o word_n of_o matthew_n paris_n but_o of_o roger_n wendover_n who_o matthew_n paris_n often_o transcribe_v very_o hasty_o in_o who_o history_n the_o charter_n enter_v as_o king_n john_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o with_o that_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o as_o to_o that_o remarkable_a article_n et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o to_o the_o hold_v the_o commune_fw-la council_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v brief_o say_v 1._o that_o it_o have_v be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o the_o charter_n after_o king_n john_n time_n but_o be_v find_v in_o several_a copy_n very_o authentic_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o french_a copy_n now_o here_o print_v 2._o that_o this_o article_n do_v not_o as_o some_o have_v write_v give_v the_o original_a to_o our_o parliament_n for_o such_o parliament_n or_o communia_fw-la concilia_fw-la be_v hold_v before_o this_o time_n king_n richard_z the_o first_o after_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a war_n summon_v a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o london_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n where_o he_o demand_v council_n about_o his_o make_a war_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n earl_n roger_n answer_v for_o the_o whole_a parliament_n the_o earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n will_v aid_v you_o o_o king_n with_o their_o sword_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n citizens_z burgess_n and_o ecclesiastic_a person_n will_v aid_v you_o with_o money_n abbates_n prior_n and_o such_o other_o will_v aid_v you_o with_o their_o prayer_n so_o the_o english_a chron._n and_o to_o omit_v other_o a_o instance_n of_o such_o a_o parliament_n be_v find_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o burton_n pag._n 263._o compare_v with_o page_n 265._o king_n john_n call_v to_o northampton_n all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n it_o follow_v pandulfus_n speak_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n o_o that_o you_o etc._n etc._n the_o clergy_n indeed_o be_v not_o here_o mention_v but_o be_v certain_o present_a because_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o council_n be_v to_o restore_v peace_n to_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n as_o matthew_n paris_n or_o as_o the_o annalist_n of_o waverly_n word_v it_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o archbishop_n 3._o i_o conceive_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o add_v this_o article_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o take_n of_o aid_n common_o call_v talliage_n or_o escuage_z by_o surprise_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n only_o of_o a_o few_o which_o king_n john_n have_v late_o do_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la here_o be_v plain_o limit_v to_o the_o sess_n of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z but_o the_o mirror_n give_v another_o account_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n worthy_a of_o consideration_n page_n 225._o where_o the_o author_n refer_v we_o to_o high_a time_n there_o be_v yet_o one_o article_n more_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o deserve_v our_o regard_n the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v late_o allege_v in_o the_o pastoral_n letter_n have_v much_o scandalize_v some_o with_o its_o suprise_a novelty_n the_o word_n be_v barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la the_o baron_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v aggrieve_v or_o distress_v we_o etc._n etc._n but_o why_o shall_v this_o sound_v uncouth_a to_o any_o who_o have_v with_o reflection_n peruse_v the_o history_n of_o this_o or_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n wherein_o the_o same_o practice_n be_v frequent_o find_v andrew_n king_n of_o hungary_n allow_v the_o same_o liberty_n to_o his_o people_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n in_o the_o end_n of_o bonfinius_n like_a example_n occur_v in_o the_o french_a annal_n and_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o pag._n 217._o if_o any_o will_v yet_o suspect_v that_o matthew_n paris_n in_o this_o point_n have_v not_o write_v fair_o or_o that_o the_o article_n produce_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n be_v not_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o and_o some_o such_o dissatisfied_a people_n there_o be_v then_o let_v they_o if_o they_o can_v be_v believe_v desirous_a of_o satisfaction_n repair_v to_o the_o red_a book_n of_o exchequer_n where_o fol._n 234._o they_o may_v find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o liberty_n grant_v as_o before_o which_o record_n can_v well_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v corrupt_v because_o it_o
to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n with_o they_o and_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v public_a and_o free_a liberty_n for_o any_o man_n to_o swear_v that_o will_n and_o shall_v never_o pohibit_v any_o to_o swear_v and_o all_o those_o of_o the_o nation_n who_o will_v voluntary_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n swear_v to_o the_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n to_o distress_v the_o king_n with_o they_o the_o king_n himself_o shall_v issue_v his_o precept_n command_v they_o to_o swear_v as_o aforesaid_a item_n if_o any_o of_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n die_v or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n or_o be_v any_o other_o way_n hinder_v from_o perform_v these_o thing_n the_o residue_n of_o the_o five_o and_o twenty_o shall_v choose_v another_o who_o they_o think_v best_a in_o his_o place_n who_o shall_v be_v swear_v as_o the_o rest_n be_v and_o in_o all_o matter_n refer_v to_o those_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v all_o present_a and_o differ_v among_o themselves_o or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v thereto_o appoint_v will_v not_o or_o can_v come_v what_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o shall_v agree_v upon_o and_o enjoin_v shall_v be_v valid_a as_o if_o all_o the_o five_o and_o twenty_o have_v agree_v in_o it_o and_o the_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o shall_v swear_v that_o they_o will_v faithful_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o article_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o all_o theit_n may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v moreover_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v they_o the_o security_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o master_n pandulphus_fw-la that_o he_o will_v not_o obtain_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o pope_n whereby_o any_o of_o these_o article_n of_o agreement_n may_v be_v revoke_v or_o diminish_v and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v obtain_v that_o it_o be_v repute_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n nor_o shall_v ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n a_o true_a copy_n from_o the_o original_a french._n john_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n justice_n forester_n sheriff_n prevost_n minister_n and_o all_o his_o bailiff_n and_o his_o liege_n greeting_n know_v you_o that_o we_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o for_o the_o save_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o all_o our_o ancestor_n and_o of_o our_o heir_n and_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o for_o the_o amendment_n of_o our_o government_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o honour_a father_n stephen_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_z cardinal_z of_o rome_n henry_n archbishop_z of_o dublin_n william_n bishop_n of_o london_n peter_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n jocelin_n bishop_n of_o bath_n hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n walter_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z william_n bishop_n of_o chester_n benedict_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n and_o master_n pandulph_n sub-deacon_a of_o our_o lord_n the_o apostle_n and_o of_o our_o friend_n and_o brother_n in_a master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o knight_n templar_n in_o england_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o baron_n william_n earl_n marshal_z earl_n of_o pembroke_n william_n earl_n of_o salisbury_z william_n earl_n of_o warren_n william_n earl_n of_o arundel_n alan_n of_o galloway_n constable_n of_o scotland_n warin_n fitz-gerard_n peter_n fitz-herbert_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n steward_n of_o poictou_n hugh_n nevil_n matthew_n fitz-herbert_n thomas_n basset_n alan_n basset_n philip_n d'_fw-fr aubenie_n robert_n de_fw-fr ropelee_n john_n martial_n and_o john_n fitz-hugh_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o other_o our_o liege_n have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n grant_v to_o god_n and_o confirm_v by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n for_o we_o and_o for_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o shall_v enjoy_v their_o right_n and_o franchise_n entire_o and_o full_o and_o this_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o have_v grant_v of_o our_o mere_a and_o free_a will_n that_o election_n shall_v be_v free_a which_o be_v repute_v to_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o very_o necessary_a priviledgeâ—_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n before_o the_o difference_n arise_v betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o baron_n and_o by_o our_o have_v confirm_v the_o same_o by_o our_o charter_n and_o by_o our_o have_v procure_v it_o moreover_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o apostle_n innocent_a the_o three_o which_o privilege_n we_o will_v maintain_v and_o our_o will_n be_v that_o the_o same_o be_v faithful_o maintain_v by_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o our_o kingdom_n for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o all_o the_o liberty_n hereafter_o mention_v to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n of_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n if_o any_o of_o our_o earl_n our_o baron_n or_o other_o that_o hold_v of_o we_o in_o chief_a by_o knight-service_n die_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n his_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n and_o relief_n be_v due_a he_o shall_v have_v his_o inheritance_n by_o the_o ancient_a relief_n to_o wit_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o earl_n for_o a_o entire_a earldom_n c_o pound_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o entire_a barony_n c_o mark_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o knight_n for_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n c_o shilling_n at_o most_o and_o where_o less_o be_v due_a less_o shall_v be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o several_a tenor_n if_o the_o heir_n of_o any_o such_o be_v within_o age_n and_o in_o ward_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o inheritance_n when_o they_o come_v of_o age_n without_o relief_n and_o without_o fine_a the_o guardian_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n shall_v take_v nothing_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o only_o the_o reasonable_a profit_n reasonable_a custom_n and_o reasonable_a service_n and_o that_o without_o make_v destruction_n or_o waist_n of_o man_n or_o good_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v have_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o any_o such_o heir_n to_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o who_o be_v to_o account_v to_o we_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o that_o such_o committee_n make_v destruction_n or_o waist_n we_o will_v take_v of_o he_o amends_o and_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o two_o lawful_a and_o good_a man_n of_o that_o fee_n who_o shall_v account_v for_o the_o profit_n to_o we_o or_o to_o such_o as_o we_o shall_v appoint_v and_o if_o we_o shall_v give_v or_o sell_v to_o any_o person_n the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o any_o such_o heir_n and_o such_o donee_n or_o vendee_fw-mi make_v destruction_n or_o waist_n he_o shall_v lose_v the_o custody_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v commit_v to_o two_o lawful_a sage_a and_o good_a man_n who_o shall_v account_v to_o we_o for_o the_o same_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o guardian_n whilst_o he_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o heir_n land_n shall_v maintain_v the_o house_n pond_n park_n pool_n mill_n and_o other_o appurtenance_n to_o the_o land_n out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n itself_o and_o shall_v restore_v to_o the_o heir_n when_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o full_a age_n his_o land_n well_o stock_v with_o plough_n barn_n and_o the_o like_a as_o it_o be_v when_o he_o receive_v it_o and_o as_o the_o profit_n will_v reasonable_o afford_v heir_n shall_v be_v marry_v without_o disparagement_n insomuch_o that_o before_o the_o marriage_n be_v contract_v the_o person_n that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o heir_n shall_v be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o it_o a_o widow_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n shall_v present_o and_o without_o oppression_n have_v her_o marriage_n and_o her_o inheritance_n nor_o shall_v give_v any_o thing_n for_o her_o marriage_n nor_o for_o her_o dower_n nor_o for_o her_o inheritance_n which_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o day_n of_o her_o husband_n death_n and_o she_o shall_v remain_v in_o her_o husband_n house_n forty_o day_n after_o his_o death_n within_o which_o time_n her_o dower_n shall_v be_v assign_v she_o no_o widow_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o marry_v if_o she_o be_v desirous_a to_o live_v single_a provide_v she_o give_v security_n not_o to_o marry_v without_o our_o leave_n if_o she_o hold_v of_o we_o or_o without_o the_o lord_n leave_n of_o who_o she_o hold_v if_o she_o hold_v of_o any_o other_o we_o nor_o our_o bailiff_n will_v not_o seize_v the_o land_n or_o rent_n of_o a_o debtor_n for_o any_o debt_n so_o long_o as_o his_o good_n be_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v the_o