Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	john_n	king_n	lewis_n	3,557	5	11.1220	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Land●riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this

in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cab●● a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Flor●ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Z●●e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns o● those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s

be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or petit-Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chick●mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bug●sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and

Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aque●sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In B●urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces

but gentle Showers and a fine Skie From thence to this present Month which endeth Summer commonly speaking we have had extraordinary Heats yet mitigated sometimes by cool Breezes And whatever Mists Fogs or Vapors foul the Heavens by Easterly or Southerly Winds in two hours time are blown away by the North-West the one is always followed by the other A Remedy that seems to have peculiar Providence in it to the Inhabitants V. The natural produce of the Country of Vegetables is Trees Fruits Plants Flowers The Trees of most note are the Black-Walnut Cedar Cyprus Chesnut Poplar Gumwood Hickery Sassafrax Ash Beech and Oak of divers sorts as Red White and Black Spanish Chesnut and Swamp the most durable of all which there is plenty for the use of Man. The Fruits that I find in the Woods are the White and Black Mulbery Chesnut Walnut Plums Strawberries Cranberries Hurtleberries and Grapes of divers sorts The great red Grape is in it self an extraordinary Grape and by Art doubtless may be cultivated to an excellent Wine if not so sweet yet little inferior to the Frontiniack as it is not much unlike in taste There is a white kind of Muskedel and a little black Grape like the Cluster Grape of England not yet so ripe as the other but they tell me when ripe sweeter and that they only want skilful Vinerous to make good use of them Here are also Peaches and very good and in great quantities not an Indian Plantation without them but whether naturally here at first I know not however one may have them by Bushels for little they make a pleasant Drink and I think not inferior to any Peach you have in England except the true Newington VI. The Artificial produce of the Country is Wheat Barley Oats Rye Pease Beans Squashes Pumkins Water-Melons Musk-Melons and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in England usually bring forth VII of living Creatures Fish Fowl and the Beasts of the Woods here are divers sorts some for Food and Profit and some for Profit only VIII We have no want of Horses and some are very good and shapely enough two Ships have been freighted to Barbadoes with Horses and Pipe-staves since my coming in Here is also plenty of Cow-Cattel and some Sheep the People plow mostly with Oxen. IX There are divers Plants that only not the Indians tells us but we have had occasion to prove by Swellings Burnings Cuts c. that they are of great Virtue suddenly curing the Patient And for smell I have observed several especially one the wild Mirtle the other I know not what to call but are most fragrant X. The Woods are adorned with lovely Flowers for Colour Greatness Figure and Variety I have seen the Gardens of London best stored with that sort of Beauty but think they may be improved by our Woods XI The first Planters in these parts were the Dutch and soon after them the Sweeds and Finns The Dutch applied themselves to Traffick the Sweeds and Finns to Husbandry XII The Dutch inhabit mostly those parts of the Province that lie upon or near to the Bay and the Sweeds the Freshes of the River Delaware As they are People proper and strong of Body so they have fine Children and almost every House full rare to find one of them without three or four Boys and as many Girls some six seven and eight Sons And I must do that right I see few young Men more sober and laborious XIII The Dutch have a Meeting-place for Religious Worship at New Castle and the Sweeds three one at Christiana one at Tenecum and one at Wicoco within half a Mile of this Town XIV The Country lieth bounded on the East by the River and Bay of Delaware and Eastern Sea it hath the advantage of many Creeks or Rivers rather that run into the main River or Bay some Navigable for great Ships some for small Craft Those of most Eminency are Christiana Brandywine Skillpot and Skulkill any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England there being from four to eight Fathom Water XV. The lesser Creeks or Rivers yet convenient for Sloops and Ketches of good burthen are Lewis Mespilion Cedar Dover Cranbrook Feversham and Georges below and Chichester Chester Toacawny Pemmapecka Portquessin Neshimenek and Pennberry in the Freshes many lesser that admit Boats and Shallops Our People are most setled upon the upper Rivers which are pleasant and sweet and generally bounded with good Land. The planted part of the Province and Territories is cast into six Counties Philadelphia Buckingham Chester New Castle Kent and Sussex containing about four thousand Souls Two General Assemblies have been held and with such Concord and Dispatch that they sate but three Weeks and at least seventy Laws were past without one Dissent in any material thing And for the well Government of the said Counties Courts of Justice are estabisht in every County with proper Officers as Justices Sheriffs Clarks Constables c. which Courts are held every two Months But to prevent Law Suits there are three Peace-makers chosen by each County-Court in the nature of Common Arbitrators to hear differences betwixt Man and Man and Spring and Fall there is an Orphans Court in each County to inspect and regulate the Affairs of Orphans and Widows XVI Philadelphia the expectation of those that are concerned in this Province is at last laid out to the great content of those here that are any ways interested therein The Situation is a Neck of Land and lieth between two Navigable Rivers Delaware and Skulkill whereby it hath two Fronts upon the Water each a Mile and two from River to River Delaware is a glorious River but the Skulkill being an hundred Miles Boatable above the Falls and its course North-East toward the Fountain of Susquahannab that tends to the heart of the Province and both sides our own it is like to be a great part of the settlement of this Age. But this I will say for the good Providence of God that of all the many places I have seen in the World I remember not one better seared so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a Town whether we regard the Rivers or the conveniency of the Coves Docks Springs the loftiness and soundness of the Land and the Air held by the People of these parts to be very good Of West New Jarsey THIS Province of West Jarsey with that call'd East Jarsey among other Tracts of Lands and Territories was granted by the late King to the present King James the Second when Duke of York and to his Heirs and Assigns for ever who granted the whole Premises entire unto John Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret to be holden in common And the Lord Berkley being minded to dispose of his Moiety or half part Edward Byllynge bought the same of him Whereupon that each Party might hold their Country in severalty it was mutually agreed by Sir George Carteret

in the great Bay. It is the best prepared place to build Navies at easie rates at his Majesties pleasure since they are of late something more choice in their Timber then formerly they were and specially since Ship-Timber is so generally wanting in England and Ireland and the Eastland Oak as some say is so very spungy It carries the most aw and countenance and can best with a little incouragement defend it self against a Foreign assault and is most fit and ready to help and relieve His Majesties other Colonies if such a distress should happen And it is the grand Nursery that breeds and indeed that is found most proper to breed Men in great numbers of resolute bold and lasting courage and all other Creatures in like manner nearest unto those of old England in the World and their Men most fit for Navigation Merchandize or War by Sea or Land. A Description of New York NEw York contains all that Tract of Land which is seated between New England Virginia Mary-Land and the length of which Northward into the Country as it hath not been fully discovered so 't is not certainly known but in general it extends to the Banks of the great River Canada East and West its breadth is accounted two hundred Miles comprehending also that Tract of Land which is betwen Hudson's River and Delaware River called New Jarsey It s principal Rivers are Hudson's River toward the East Raritan River about the middle and Delaware River on the West its chiefest Islands are Long-Island Manahattens-Island and Staten-Island It was so called from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by Grant from his Majesty Anno 1664. Who the same year grants and conveys out of it all that aforesaid Tract of Land and Premises which is between Hudson's River and Delaware River unto John Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret jointly by the name of New Caesarea or New Jarsey So that New York now contains only that part of New England which the Dutch formerly seized and called it the New Netherland and Nova Belgia lying between Hudson ●s and Conecticut Rivers on the Continent with the Islands of Manahatten and Long-Island opposite thereunto Manahattens Island so called by the Indians it lyeth betwixt the Degrees of forty one and forty two North Latitude and is about fourteen Miles long and two broad whose chief place is New York seated upon the South end of the aforesaid Island having a small Arm of the Sea which divides it from Long Island on the Eastside of it which runs Eastward to New England and is Navigable though dangerous Hudson's River runs by New York Northward into the Country toward the Head of which is seated New Albany a place of great Trade with the Indians betwixt which and New York being above one hundred Miles is as good Corn-Land as the World affords enough to entertain hundreds of Families in the time of the Dutch-Government of those Parts At Sopers was kept a Garison but since the reducement of those parts under his Majesties Obedience by the care of the Honourable Colonel Nichol's Deputy to his Highness such a League of Peace was made and Friendship concluded betwixt that Colony and the Indians that they have not resisted or disturbed any Christians there in the setling or peaceable Possession of any Lands with that Government but every Man hath sate under his own Vine and hath peaceably reapt and enjoyed the Fruits of their own labors which God continue New York is built most of Brick and Stone and covered with red and black Tile and the Land being high it gives at a distance a pleasing Aspect to the Spectators The Inhabitants consist most of English and Dutch and have a considerable Trade with the Indians for Bevers Otter Raccoon skins with other Furs as also for Bear Deer and Elk Skins and are supplied with Venison and Fowl in the Winter and Fish in the Summer by the Indians which they buy at an easie rate and having the Country round about them they are continually furnished with all such Provisions as 〈◊〉 needful for the life of Man not only by the English and Dutch within their own but likewise by the Adjacent Colonies The Commodities vented from thence are Furs and Skins before-mentioned as likewise Tobacco made within the Colony as good as is usually made in Mary-land Also Horses Beef Pork Oyl Pease Wheat and the like Long Island the West end of which lies Southward of New York runs Eastward above one hundred Miles and is in some places eight in some twelve in some fourteen Miles broad it is inhabited from one end to the other On the West end are four or five Dutch Towns the rest being all English to the number of twelve besides Villages and Farm-houses The Island is most of it of a very good Soil and very natural for all sorts of English Grain which they sow and have very good increase of besides all other Fruits and Herbs common in England as also Tobacco Hemp Flax Pumpkins Melons c. There are several Navigable Rivers and Bays which put into the Northside of Long Island but upon the Southside which joyns to the Sea it is so fortified with Bars of Sands and sholes that it is a sufficient defence against any Enemy yet the Southside is not without Brooks and Rivulets which empty themselves into the Sea yea you shall scarce travel a Mile but you shall meet with one of them whose Christal Streams run so swift that they purge themselves of such stinking Mud and Filth which the standing or low-paced Streams of most Brooks and Rivers Westward of this Colony leave lying and are by the Suns exhalation dissipated the Air corrupted and many Fevers and other Distempers occasioned not incident to this Colony Neither do the Brooks and Rivulets premised give way to the Frost in Winter or Drought in Summer but keep their course throughout the year Towards the middle of Long Island lyeth a Plain sixteen Miles long and four broad upon which Plain grows very fine Grass that makes exceeding good Hay and is very good Pasture for the Sheep or other Cattel where you shall find neither stick nor stone to hinder the Horse Heels or endanger them in their Races and once a year the best Horses in the Island are brought hither to try their swiftness and the swiftest rewarded with a Silver Cup two being annually procured for that purpose There are two or three other small Plains of about a Mile square which are no small benefit to those Towns which enjoy them Upon the Southside of Long Island in the Winter lie store of Whales and Grampusses which the Inhabitants begin with small Boats to make a Trade catching to their no small benefit Also an innumerable multitude of Seals which make an excellent Oyl they lie all the Winter upon small broken Marshes and Beaches or Bars of Sand beforementioned and might be easily got were here some skilful Men would