the two deceased Kings From Christ 869. The Emperor Bazilius ordered a Council The Eighth General Council to be held at Cinstantinople which was called the Eighth General Council The Pope's Legates were there and prevail'd to have Photius deposed and to have Ignatius re-establish'd In this Emperor's time The Russians turned Christians the Russians were converted to Christianity Adrian the Second died three Years after this Council was held From Christ 872. Lewis the Second Emperor died Charles King of France his Uncle arrived at Rome before his Brother Lewis the Germanick and was there Crowned Emperor by John the Eighth Successor to Adrian the Second to the great Regret of Lewis the Germanick who died leaving three Sons Carloman Charles and Lewis who shared among them their Father's Dominions comprising all Germany and that part of Austrasia that borders upon it From Christ 876. The Emperor Charles the Second called The Death of the Emperor Charles the Bald. the Bald died poyson'd by his Physitian a Jew Lambert Count of Spoletto and Albert Marquess of Tuscany put Pope John in Prison from whence being escap'd he fled into France where in a Council held at Troye he crowned Lewis le Begue the Third Lewis le Begue Emperor Emperor who died about a Year and a half after He left two Sons Lewis and Carloman whom he had by a Wife of low Extraction whom his Father had forc'd him to repudiate From Christ 880. Tortulus a Lord of Brittany having married a Kinswoman of Charles the Bald from which Marriage came Ingelger who was Father to Foulques Rufus the first Count of Anjou Carloman King of Bavaria being dead The Death of Carloman without lawful Issue Lewis and Charles divided his Dominions Five Princes at that time shared the French Princes French Empire Lewis and Charles Sons of Lewis the Germanick in Germany in Neustria Lewis and Carloman the Sons of Lewis le Begue and in Burguâ—dy and in Provence Boson who had married the Sister of Charles the Bald. Of these five Princes Charles le Gras having Charles le Gras Emperor the Third of that Name made himself Master of Rouse was Crowned Emperor by the Pope King Lewis died in Germany the Emperor Charles inherited his Dominions Lewis one of the Kings of Neustria being The Death of the two Kings Lewis's also dead Carloman his Brother remained the sole King of that Province From Christ 882. He Reigned but two Years at the end of which dying the whole Monarchy was re-united in the Person of Charles the Charles le Gras sole Emperor of France Third Emperor called the Fat tho' there was another Posthumus Son of Lewis le Begue named Charles but so very young that he was not in the least capable to Reign Pope Adrian the Second died and had Popes to succeed him Stephen the Fifth From Christ 885. Paris besieged by the Normans for two The Siege of Paris by the Normans Years was raised not by Force of Arms but by a large Sum which Charles le Gras sent them From Christ 887. Basilius Emperor of the East died and Leo V. Emperor left for his Successor his Son Leo the Fifth Sur-nam'd the Philosopher whose Diligence in the Government of the Empire is very much applauded From Christ 888. The Emperor Charles le Gras died so Charles le Gras starved to Death forsaken and abandoned by all that he had not Bread to eat There remained but two Princes of all Arnold King of Germany the Line of Charlemain Arnold Bastard of Carloman who was acknowledg'd King of all the French possest beyond the Rhine that is to say of all Germany The Second was Charles called the Simple the Posthumus Son of Lewis de Begue Neustria belonged to him by Right but Eudes the Eudes King of Neustria Son of Robert the Strong Count of Anjou was by the Neustrians preferred before him Two other Princes who were of the Collateral Line of Charlemain shared between them what was on this side of the Rhine that is Raoul had the two Burgundies Raoul King of Burgundy and Boson before-mentioned possess'd all from Lyons to the Mediterranean which was called the Kingdom of Arles From Christ 889. In Italy Guy Duke of Spoleto and Berenger Guy Emperor of Germany Berenger King of Italy Duke of Friuli made an Agreement That Guy should have the Title of Emperor with the Kingdom of France and Berenger Italy But Guy finding his place in France possess'd by another returned into Italy and drove out Berenger These two Princes were also of the Collateral Line of Charlemain by the Wives From Christ 890. Arnoldus came to Rome and was there Arnold and Lambert Emperors crowned Emperor by Pope Formosus Successor to Stephen the Fifth tho' Lambert the Son of Guy had took the same Title with that of King of Italy From Christ 896. Pope Formosus being dead his Memory Popes was condemned by his Successor Stephen the Sixth with that Barbarity and Disgrace Formosus condemned that his Body was taken out of his Tomb and thrown into the River Tyber Theodorus Successor to Stephen being dead within a year his Successor John the Ninth re-establish'd the Memory of Formosus but he disannulled the Installment of Arnold Crowned by Formosus and confirmed the Title of Emperor to Lambert From Christ 897. Charles called the Simple had been Charles the Simple King of France brought into England by his Mother Avoiza Daughter to Edward King of England Eudes who had been made King being dead the Neustrians recall'd Charles and acknowledged him their King From Christ 898. Arnold King of Germany and of Lorraine dyed leaving two Sons Lewis his Legitimate Lewis King of Germany and Lorrain Son and Zwendipold his Natural Son the latter dying soon after Lewis became Master of all his Fathers Dominions under the Guardianship of Otho Duke of Saxony or Hatto Archbishop of Ments as others say and Leopold Duke of Bavaria in his time the Hungarians most miserably afflicted the Empire after they had beaten the Emperor in a Battel that lasted three days one after another From Christ 900. The Tenth Age. LEWIS King of Arles having made Lewis K. of Arles made bâ—ing by Berenger the second Emperor two Expeditions into Italy against Berenger the Second who had there taken the Title of Emperor was unfortunate in both of them From Christ 901. In the first he was shamefully Expelled in the second he lost his Eyes by the Command of Berenger who immediately caused himself to be Crowned by the Pope so there were two who assumed the Title of Emperor in Italy From Berenger and Lambert Popes Christ 902. John the Ninth being dead Benedict the Fourth held the See for two Years and after him Leo the Fifth who was Deposed about the end of forty Days by Christophilus and this latter turned out at the end of seven
Months by Sergius assisted by the Famous Marozia Wife to Guy Marâ—zia Marquis of Tuscany From Christ 906. Rollo Duke of the Normans made himself Rollo Duke of Normandy Master of the Country which from the Name of that Nation is still called Normandy Charles the Simple not being able to hinder him of it yielded it to him with the Title of Dukedom and gave him his Daughter Gizellâ— iâ— Marriage From Christ 909. The Famous Abby of Cluny was founded The Abbey of Cluny near Maconois by William the Merciful Lord of that Country Count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitain From Christ 910. Sergius infamous for his Debauch'd Life Popes with Marozia being dead Anastatius the Third succeeded him many Crowned Heads dyed that Year From Christ 911. The First King of Burgundy to whom succeeded Racul the Second his Son In Italy the Emperor Lambert left Berenger the Second to possess that Title Lewis in Germany the last Sovereign in that Kingdom of the Male-Line of Charlemain left only two Daughters the first Marryed to Conrade Duke of Franconia the second to Henry called L'Oiseteur Duke of Saxony At Constantinople Leo the Fifth termed Alexander Emperor of the East the Philosopher being dead Alexander his Brother succeeded him in the Empire and Reigned but one Year after whose Death Constantine the Seventh Son to Leo Constantine VII was set on the Throne From Christ 912. Under the Guardianship first of his Mother Zoe and then of Nicephorus Lacapenus Nicephorus Lacapenus who assumed the Title of Emperor and put Zoe into a Convent Anastatius the Third with Lando his Popes Successor being dead in less than a Year John the Tenth was made Pope From Christ 913. In Germany Conrade Duke of Franconia by the consent of other Princes took the Title of King and in a Year after Dying Conrad King of Germany Henry Loiseleur his Successor Henry called Loiseleur Duke of Saxe assumed the same Title by the Suffrage of the Princes From Christ 918. Robert Brother to the dead King Eudes took the Title of King of France in opposition to Charles the Simple From Christ 920. Then Robert having been kill'd in Battel Raoul Duke of Burgundy took his Kings of France place seized on the Person of Charles and kept him Prisoner From Christ 923. Berenger Duke of Friouli who wore the Title of Emperor in Italy being dead no Person was styled Emperor in the West till the year Nine hundred sixty two From Christ 925. The Italians invited Raoul King of Burgundy to be their King not long after they expell'd him and chose in his place Hughes who was Son to the Daughter of young Lothaire King of Lorrain Theodora Mother to Marozia had made John the Tenth Pope but Marozia put Popes him to Death in Prison and poison'd his two Successors Leo the Sixth and Stephen the Seventh to place in that See a Son of hers whom she had by Pope Sergius According to some Writers this young Man was call'd Octavian before he was Pope The change of the Names of Popes and having changed his Name to that of John from thence came the Custom of his Successors to alter their Names From Christ 930. Hughes King of Italy Marryed Marozia his half Sister who was both the Widow of Guy and of Alberies Marquis of Tuscany by that means Hughes firmly Kings of Italy of Burgunâ—y and of Arles establish'd himself in the Kingdom of Italy having also made a Treaty with Raoul King of Burgundy by which Raoul yielded up to him his Pretensions over Italy and Hughes Resigned to Raoul his Right to the Kingdoms of Arles From Christ 931 John the Eleventh infamous for his Debaucheries Dyed and had for his Successor Leo the Seventh From Christ 935. Popes After the Death of Raoul King of France the Nobility recall'd out of England Lewis the Fourth Son of Charles the 〈◊〉 D' Out 〈…〉 scing of France Simple whose Mother having fled thither with him at the time of his Father's Misfortunes for that cause Lewis had the Sur-name of Outremer From Christ 936. He had Marry'd a Daugâ—â—er of Otho King of Germany who had succeeded Henry Loyzeleur his Father the two Kings having adjusted the Difference they had at Otho King of Germany first about Lorrain Otho madâ— a reconciliation between Lewis his Son-in-Law and the chief Nobility of France who were disgusted with him Among those great Persons was Hughes the great Count of Paris Son to King Robert Hughes had Hughes the Great Marry'd a Sister of the Queen who was Daughter to King Otho From Christ 942. To Stephen the Eighth succeeded Martin the Third and Agapetus the Second Popes was his Successor From Christ 946. To Rollo Duke of Normandy succeeded Dukes of Normandy William who dying left his Son Richard very young upon which Lewis formed a Design to molest Normandy but was prevented by the chief of the Nobility of the Kingdom and particularly by Hughes Count of Paris From Christ 950. The Italians expell'd their King Hughes Kings of Italy and retained his Son Lothaire who soon after dying Berenger the Third Count of Juree was acknowledged King of Italy Adelais a Beautiful Princess Daughter to Lothaire refusing to Marry the Son of Berenger espoused Otho King of Germany The Affairs of Germany upon which Luidolph Son to Otho by a former Queen grew discontented which occasioned a War between the Father and the Son for three Years Agapetus the Second dyed and had for his Successor John the Twelfth a worthy Popes Grandson of the famous Marozia Lewis King of France dyed leaving Kings of France two Sons Lothaire and Charles very young From Christ 955. Romanus poysoned his Father Constantine Romanus Emperor of the East and possest the Empire of the East this most detestable Parricide dyed of his Debaucheries From Christ 960. The Army in Asia proclaimed Emperor Nicephorus and Phocas their General Nicephorus Phocas From Christ 963. Who during the Six years of his Reign regained with great Glory from the Saracens Cicilia Antioch with a part of Syria and the Isle of Cyprus He was kill'd by a Conspiracy of the Nobility who put in his place John Zimiscus chief of the John Zimiscus Conspirators From Christ 969. Otho King of Germany passed into Italy Emperor of the East against the Emperor Berenger overcame him in Battel took him Prisoner and sent him into Germany where he died Otho the second Emperor the Conqueror being Master of Italy caused himself to be Crowned at Rome by Pope John but so soon as Otho was gone Popes from Rome the Pope made that City revolt against him which obliged Otho to return there where in a Council he Assembled John was Deposed having been Convicted of all sorts of enormous Crimes and Leo the Eighth elected in his place Otho having again left Rome John the Pope
at Chartres in which was instituted a new Croysade which proved most unfortunate to the Latin Christians who most of them perish'd in the way by the treachery of Manuel Comnenes Son and Successor to Calo John Emperor of Constantinople From Christ 1147. The Emperor Conrade who commanded The Emperor Conrade's Army lost And Lewis King of France the Land-Army escaping with much difficulty From Christ 1149. Lewis King of France going by Sea avoided the Treachery of the Greeks but the Malice of the Eastern Latins whose Vices were most enormous caused his Army to perish at the Siege of Damas so the Emperor and the King having done nothing but suffered great Losses returned home the King by the way fell into the hands of the Greeks whom as they were carrying him Prisoner the brave Rogor King of Sicily rescued him from them From Christ 1150. Anastatius the Fourth Successor to Eugenius the Third did nothing remarkable Popes in the fifteen Months of his Papacy Adrian the Fourth his Successor Crowned Frederic Barbarossa who had been chose Emperor in the place of Conrad his Uncle who died two Years before From Christ 1155. The Pope and the new Emperor fell out immediately on the same occasions as their Predecessors which gave Birth to the Factions of the Guelphs and the Gibelins The Guelphs and the Gibelins by which Italy and Germany were ruined The Guâ—lphs of the Party of the Pope and the Gibelins of the Emperors which Quarrel grew more hot between Popes the Emperor and Alexander the Third Successor to Adrian The Emperor supporting Anti-popes three Antipopes viz. Victor Paschal and Calixtus against Alexander From Christ 1159. At length the Pope agreed with the An Agreement bâ—tween the Empâ—ror and the Pope Emperor at Venice where they met Historians have writ diversly of the Treatment Alexander used to Frederic but it is very certain the Agreement was most advantagious to the Pope From Christ 1164. The Institution of the Military Order of Thâ— Order of the Knights Hospita 〈…〉 the Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem was some Years after that of the Templars then after that of the Hospitalers was instituted the Teutonick Order Tâ— Teutonick Or 〈…〉 From Christ 1177. Henry the Second King of England Son Henry â—â— Sâ—cond King of England of Jeffery Count of Anjou had marryed Eleanor Dutchess of Aquitaine and Counless of Poitou repudiated by Lewis the Seventh King of France so Henry became very powerful he was Excommunicated by Pope Alexander upon the occasion of the Death of Thomas a Becket Archbishop Thomas a Becket Archbishop of Canterbury Kings of France of Canterbury The two Kings Lewis and Henry made War several times at last a Peace was concluded which held till the Death of Lewis who had for his Successor Philip the Second It was at his Coronation that the Peers of France were twelve in Tâ—rlve Peâ—rs of France Alexis the Second Empâ—râ—r of the East Andronicus his Sâ—ccessor number Manuel Emperor of the East died left his Son Alexus the Second then a very Child He was strangled at two years-end by Andronicus his Kinsman who by that means made himself Emperor He Reigned but two years for the People killed him and put in his place Isaac the Second called Isacius Angelus From Isaac the Second his Successor Saladin takes Jerusalem Christ 1184. Saladin Sultan of Egypt took Jerusalem from Guy King of Lusignan Eighty eight Years after the Croyzaders had taken it under the Conduct of Godfrey of Bovilton From Christ 1187. After the Death of Alexander the Third which fell out in the year Eleven hundred eighty one Lucius the Third Urban Popes the Third Gregory the Eighth and Clement the Third held successively the See of Rome From Christ 1190. The Emperor Frederic had been took The Death of the Emperor Frederic Prisoner and generously released by Saladin in a Voyage that Emperor made to the Levant after Jerusalem had been taken he went there again and was drowned as he was Bathing in the River Orontes near to Antioch Henry the Sixth his Son was chose Emperor Henry the Sixth his Successor in his place It is not found that Frederick was taken by Saladin but that he fought with good success and that he had ruin'd the Saracens and Turks had he liv'd longer From Christ 1192. The Voyage of Philip King of France The King of France and England fact one and of Richard King of England was not more Fortunate They took only Acre or Ptolemais but falling out among themselves each retired to his Kingdom these two Kings had already made War one against the other and had put a stop to it upon the Design of the Croizade but after their return they again revived it more furiously than before From Christ 1197. Henry the Sixth dying left by his Wife The Emperor Henry the Sixtâ—'s Death Constantia Daughter and sole Heiress of William King of Sicily Frederic a Child too young to Rule the Empire The Princes were divided in the Election one Party chose Philip the Brother of Henry Philip and Otho dispute the Empire Popes the other Otho Duke of Saxe this latter prevailed being supported by Innocent the Third Successor to Caelistin the Third Richard called Caeur de Lyon being dead the Succession of England with his other Kings of England Dominions belonging to Arthur Duke of Bretany Son to Jefery the second Son of Henry the Second but John who was but the third Son usurp'd it to the prejudice of his Nephew Arthur From Christ 1200. THE Thirteenth Age. ABout the end of the foregoing Age the Croyzade had been publish'd at The Croyzade the beginning of this Century the Croyzaders met at Constantinople Isaac the Angel had his Eyes put out by his Brother Alexis who by that means usurp'd the Empire The young Alexis Son of Isaac Emperors of Constantinople stop'd the Croyzaders and persuaded them to employ their Arms to depose the Usurper which they did and re-establish'd the Father and Son But these two Princes not having satisfied the Croyzaders they set up the Grecians Alexis Ducas surnamed Murzuffle took occasion in this confusion to kill the young Alexis but he The Croyzaders take Constantinople himself was taken and kill'd in Constantinople by the Croyzaders who made themselves Masters of the City after sixty days Siege From Christ 1204. By the Agreement of the Army twelve of their Chiefs having the power to elect Baudwin Emperor of Constantinople an Emperor the choice fell upon Baudwin Count of Flanders They also chose for Patriarch Thomas Morosini a Venetian Alexis a Prince of the Blood of Comnenes Alexis Emperor of Trebizonda retired to Trebizonda upon the Euxine Sea in Asia and there having gathered together the Remnant of the Grecians he was by them acknowledged Emperor The Schism of the Western Empire ceas'd Otho the
Fourth sole Emperor of the West by the death of Philip Otho the Fourth remaining sole Emperor From Christ 1208. From the precedent Age Peter Valdo of Lyons abandoning his Wealth had preached against the Corruption of the Clergy chiefly against that of Rome they called his Disciples Vaudois the poor Beggars of The Vaudois Lyms they held the Doctrine of Berengarius in what relates to the Eucharist as also Peter de Brus and Henry his Companion who were followed by an infinite number of Disciples at the beginning of this Age and were called Albegois because The Albegois their Doctrine had been first of all received in the Diocess of Albi from whence it was spread all over Languedoc From Christ 1209. The Pope excommunicated them and publish'd a Croyzade against them Five hundred thousand Croyzaders under the The Croyzaders oppose them Simon Grant of Montfort command of Simon Count of Monfort made a horrible Slaughter of those poor People Peter King of Arragon there lost his Life with the Army he had brought to their Assistance in favour of his Cousin Raymond Berenger Count of Tholouze who had embrac'd their Doctrine From Christ 1213. Pope Innocent had Crowned the Emperor Otho at Rome but the old Quarrel about the Investitures being revived between them the Pope raised up Enemies in all Parts against Otho and abetted the Party Frederic the Second against Otho of young Frederic Son of the Emperor Henry the Sixth against Otho Philip the Second called Augustus King A War between Otho and Philip King of France of France entered into that Party against Otho because that Emperor was Allyed to John King of England an Enemy to Philip which occasioned the War between Otho and Philip in which was fought the Battel of Bovines in Flanders where Otho The Battel of Bovines being overcome sav'd himself by Flight leaving to Philip among other Prisoners Ferrand Brother to Sanchez King of Pâ—rtugal Son-in-law to Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople The Pope quarrelled with King John of A Quarrel between the Pope and the King of England England upon the occasion of the Election of an Archbishop of Canterbury the King having named one contrary to the pretension of the Pope who said the Nomination belonged to him whereupon the Pope excommunicated King John and interdicted all his Kingdom and gave it to the King of France the King laid the Storm by humbling himself to the Pope and declared himself his Vassal with an obligation to pay him a Thousand Marks every year besides the Peter-pence The Barons of England incensed at this Treaty so dishonourable to the Nation abandoned King John and having call'd over Lewis the Son of Philip King of France Lewis the Son of Philip. King of France crowned King of England Henry III King of England they acknowledged him for their King and Crowned him at Westminster but their Anger was appeased by the Death of King John So they sent back Lewis and restored the Crown to Henry the Third Son to King John who had the Surname of Sans Terre because he died divested of his Kingdom Innocent held a Council at Latran where was concerted the greatest Number of Bishops The Council of Latran had been seen What related to the Eucharist they there determined Transubstantiation as a Point of Faith and Transubstantiation that they should keep the Host in their Box and to carry it with Solemnity to the Sick with ringing a little Bell. Then followed the Necessity of Auricular Confession There they establish'd the Sovereignty Auricular Confession The Sovereignty of the Pope of the Pope above all Degrees of Persons over Emperors Kings and other Powers to deprive them of their Dominions and to dispose of them as the Pope shall think best From Christ 1215. After this manner had he used King John of England and yet with better Effect against Raymond Count of â—â—olouze whose Dominions he had really transferred to Simon Count of Montfort because Raymond had favoured the Albigenses Honorius the Third Successor to Innocent approved of the four Orders of Mendicants The four Orders of Mendicants that is to fay the Preachers or Dominicans the Franciscans the Augustines and the Carmelites .. From Christ 1216. Otho being dead Frederic the Second remained Frederick the Second Emperor of the East sole Emperor in the West Raymond Count of Tholouze re-establish'd himself in his Dominions after the Raymond Count of Tholouze recovers his Dominions Emperors of Constantinople Death of Simon de Montford who was killed at the Siege of Tholouze From Christ 1218. To Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople succeeded Henry his Brother and to him succeeded his Son-in-Law Peter de Courtnay Count of Auxerre who going to take possession of that Empire was stopt in Thessaly by Alexis-Comnenes notwithstanding the safe Conduct he had given him Peter was killed at the end of three or four Years Imprisonment by the Command of this perfidious Grecian Prince From Christ 1222. During the time of Peter's Imprisonment Jolante his Wife governed at Constantinople like a brave and wise Heroin Philip Count of Nemours their eldest Son refused the Empire and resigned it to his younger Brother Robert Philip the Second King of France call'd Kings of France Augustus for his very great Qualities died He was also called the Conqueror having taken away from the English the greatest part of what they possess'd in France Lewis the Eighth his Son and Successor had took away from the English Rochel and Avignon from the Albigenses From Christ 1226. He Reigned but three Years Lewis the Ninth his eldest Son succeeded him Of the three younger Sons Robert had the County of Artois Alphonso Poictou and Charles that of Arjou The two last taken from the English From Christ 1227. To Honorias the Third succeeded Gregory Popes A Quarrel between Gregory and Frederick the Ninth who fell out with the Emperor Frederick the Second because he had taken away from one of the Pope's Nephews all that the Emperor Philip had bestowed on him in Italy In the mean time Frederick having married Jole the Daughter of John de Bregna King of Jerusalem past into the Levant and regained Jerusalem after he had made an honourable Truce with the Sultan for ten Years while the Pope took Naples in his Absence But the Emperor at his Return retook it without any great trouble From Christ 1230. In the eleven following Years Italy and Germany were in continual Troubles occasioned by the Quarrel between the Emperor and the Pope The Emperor being Excommunicated The Issue of the Quarrel his Son Henry revolted against him upon which his Father overcame him in a great Battle and past into Italy where he reduc'd to his Obedience those Cities the Pope had made to revolt He besieged Rome and had like to have taken it yet he took several Cardinals flying from thence Pope Gregory died of extream Grief for his ill
the Empire among A Schism in the Empire themselves one part for King Lewis Duke of Bavaria the other for Frederick Duke of Austria Son to the Emperor Albert. The Pope declared himself against Lewis who opposing the Pope favoured the Cordeliers whom the Pope persecuted He writ against them and they against him particularly William Okam an Englishman and very learned and of that Order protected by the Emperor Lewis From Christ 1322. In France a Posthumus Son of Lewis named Kings of France John having not lived above six Weeks Philip the Fifth called Le Long Brother to Lewis succeeded him against the Designs of some who would have maintained the pretended Right of Jean Daughter to the deceased King by the same Right of the Salick Law Charles the Fourth called Le Bel succeeded his Brother Philip and to Charles Philip the Sixth called of Valois Cousin German to the three last Kings maugre the Pretensions of Edward the Third King of England who said he had more Right because he was Son to Izabella Daughter to Philip le Bel. The Emperor had set up an Anti-pope Anti-pope a Cordelier under the Name of Nicholas the Fifth in opposition to Pope John But the Popes unfortunate Nicholas being fallen into the Hands of John was shut up in a Prison where he died miserably Not very long after Pope John being dead they put in his place Bennet the Twelfth a Gascoign From Christ 1334. At Constantinople Michael Paleologus had Emperors of Constantinople for his Successor his Son Andronicus and to this a Grandson of the same Name Who dying left his Sons very young under the Tuition of John Cantacusenes This John behaved himself so well in his Trust and with so great Authority that he acquired the Title of Emperor From Christ 1338. To Bennet the Twelfth succeeded Clement Popes the Sixth of Lymousin From Christ 1342. The War which lasted for some time between the English and the French proved fatal to the latter in this Year King Philip having lost the Battle near Cressy in Picardy The Battle of Cressy against King Edward who took Calais after a Year's Siege From Christ 1346. Lewis of Bavaria was called Emperor for some time part of the Princes of Germany did not acknowledge him He being dead they all at last unanimously Charles the Fourth Emperor agreed in the Election of Charles the Fourth of the House of Luxemburg King of Bohomia From Christ 1347. A dreadful Plague broke out in Cathaia A great Plague and spread it self in Persia Mesopotamia Syria and in Asia Minor Europe was infested with it even to the most Western parts and caused very strange Desolations through all places Clement the Sixth died He reduc'd the Popes Jubilee of a Hundred to Fifty Years Innocent the Sixth his Countryman succeeded him Christ From 1352. The People of Constantinople compelled Emperors of the East John Cantacusenes to resign the Empire to John Paleologus Son to Andronicus the Second From Christ 1354. John King of France who succeeded his The Battle of Poitiers Father Philip lost the Battle at Poitiers and there became Prisoner to Edward Prince of Wales Son to Edward King of England From Christ 1556. Charles Son to King John governed the Kingdom with great Prudence during his Father's Imprisonment Then followed Affairâ— betweâ—n France England the Treaty of Brittany in consequence of which King John returned to France upon his Parole but having not that Interest to oblige the Nobility of his Kingdom to consent to the Demands of the English he went over into England according to his Parole and most suitable to that just â—e â—rue Maxim foâ— Franceâ— Maxim he often repeated That if Truth and Faith were banish'd from the Dwellings of the rest of Mankind yet they ought to be found in the Hearts and Tongues of Princes He died in England He had instituted or re-establish'd the Order of the Star much about the Time The Order of the Stâ—â— and â—â—e Garter that King Edward instituted that of the Garter John left four Sons Charles the Fifth called the Wise was his Successor He was the first who had the Title of Dauphine The first Dauphine of France according to the Treaty made with Humbert Dauphine of Vienna by which he resigned up his Dominions to King John The other Sons of this King were Lewis The Second House of Anjou Duke of Anjou chief of the Second Royal House of that Name Philip called the Hardy Duke of Burgundy The Second House of Burgundy a Stock also of the Second Royal House of that Name and John Duke of Berry who left no Branch The Dutchy of Brittany had been disputed A Quarrel for the Dutchy of Brittany a long time between Charles of Blois who pretended to it by Jane his Wife Daughter of Guy Brother to Duke John the Third who died without Children and John Earl of Montford who boasted to have the most Right as he was the nearest Male. The Battle of Auray that Charles lost The Battle of Auray where he was killed upon the place decided the Difference in favour of John who entred into the full and quiet possession of the Dutchy and had the Surname of Conquerour and Victorious The French and the English had taken Parties in this long War the first for Charles near Kinsman to King Philip the Sixth and the second for John These two Nations were also concerned The Civil War in Castile in a Difference between Don Pedro called the Cruel and Don Henry his Bastard Brother about the Kingdom of Castile At last after various Successes on both sides the War was decided by a Battle where Don Pedro was defeated and killed by Don Henry So that this Henry being assisted by the French under the Command of the brave and famous Betrand of Guesclin Bertrand of Gueslin a Gentleman of Brittany remained King of Castile From Christ 1369. This great and fortunate Captain Bertrand had brought for this Expedition Troops of disbanded Soldiers who passing through the County forc'd Pope Urban Popes the Fifth to pay a Ransome Which made him resolve to return to Rome that he might not any more be exposed to the like Affronts but after he had made a Journey there he returned into France where he died From Christ 371. David Bruce King of the Scots dying Robert Stuart King of Scots without Children Robert Stuart is acknowledged King of the Scots in right of his Wife Sister to King David By the Council of St. Bridget of Swede and of St. Catherine of Sienna according to the Revelations they pretended from Heaven Gregory the Eleventh Successor to Urban the Fifth returned to Rome where The Pope returned to Rome after fourteen Months he died repenting to have believed those Revelations against the Light of his own Understanding From Christ 1377. The Cardinals compell'd by the Romans
Persians Hussan Cassan possess'd himself of that Kingdom he succeeded Sophys Kings of Persia the Hermit Sophy from whence came the Sophyes who have Reigned in Persia to this time From Christ 1463. Pius the Second died No private Person ever laboured more than Aeneas Silvius to restrain the Authority of the Popes within the limits of their antient Popes Cannons yet no Pope ever took more pains to extend the Papal Power beyond all bounds He obtained of Lewis the Eleventh to abolish the pragmatick Sanction which were Rules extracted from The pragmatick Sanction what had been resolved in the Council of Constance and Basle to curb the exorbitant Authority of the Popes These Rules had been received in France where they were in form and force as Laws The Emperor Albert the Second died leaving his Empress big with Child She Kings of Hungary and Bohemia was delivered of a Son called Ladislaus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia Frederic the Third Cousin to Albert and Frederic the Third Emperor of the same House of Austria was Successor to the Empire The young King Ladislaus dying before he was marryed the Hungarians chose for their King Mathias Corvin Son Mathias Corvin King of Hungary of John Huniades a great Captain who had made himself famous in the War against the Turks The Bohemians for their part chose for George Polebrac King of Bohemia their King George Polebrac one of the Grandees of their Country This King being of the Evangelick Faith protected those of that Religion in his Kingdom Paul the Second called Barbaro Avenetian succeeded Pius the Second Then to Popes Paul succeeded a Cordelier named Riara who was stiled Sixtus the Fourth Charles the last Duke of Burgundy had Charles the last Duke of Burgundy defeated by the Switzers continually waged War with Lewis King of France He had conquered Lorraine of Rayner who had Right to the Kingdom of Naples and was Duke of Anjou He endeavoured to subject the Switzars which Design proved fatal to him for they overcame him twice in their Country where he went to attack them at Granzona and at Morat and the third time near to Nancy which he Besieged making War against Rayner King of Naples and Duke of Lorraine Charles having been His Death killed in this last Battel From Christ 1477. Mary Daughter and Heiress married to Maximillian of Austria His Daughter and Heiress Maria marryed Maximilian Son to Frederic the Third Emperor By this Marriage she brought to the House of Austria the Sovereignty of the seventeen Provinces in the Low-Countries with the County of Burgundy the Dutchy having been reunited to the Crown of France by King Lewis the Eleventh There was another Heiress who had The Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus brought the Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus to the House of Savoy She was Charlotta the only Daughter to John the Second of Lusignan King of Cyprus By marrying Lewis Duke of Savoy who having In the House of Savoy no Children she bequeath'd her Kingdom by Testament But James her Bastard-Brother having took possession of Cyprus Catharina Cornaro his Widdow To the Venetians transferr'd to the Venetians the Right she pretended to that Kingdom of which the Venetians put themselves into a present Possession The House of the Medices having for sometime swayed the Government of Florence several Conspirators of other A Conspiracy against the Medices great Families of that City supported by the Pope set upon the two Brothers Julian and Laurence in a Church at the time of Mass where Julian was killed Laurence having saved Himself did stir up the People against the Conspirators some of them were hanged up in the heat Among others Salviati Archbishop of Pisa From Christ 1478. The Pope employ'd his Arms Spiritual and Temporal against the Florentines but they maintained the War with Forces the King of France sent them under the Command of Philip de Comines whose Name is Philip Comines famous for his curious and judicious Memoirs After the Death of Edward the Fourth King of England his Son Edward the Fifth tho' a Child was presently after Affairs of England kill'd with Richard his Brother by Richard their Uncle who usurpd ' the Crown From Christ 1483. Lewis the Eleventh King of France died a Prince who had Reigned with Of France more absolute Power than any of his Predecessors for which reason some write that he invested the Kings with more Regal Authority others that he had exalted them beyond all sense and reason His great Qualities were attended with as many ill ones as Cruelty Injustice and Hypocrisy and about the end of his Reign he fell into very great imbecility by his fear of Death His only Son Charles the Eighth very young succeeded him John Cibo a Genouese under the Name Popes of Innocent the Eighth succeeded Sixtus the Fourth Henry the Seventh made himself King of England having overcome and killed in Battel Richard the Third Henry was of Affairs of England the House of Lancaster by his Mothers side He united the two Houses York and Lancaster who were Enemies by marrying Mary of York Daughter to Edward the Fourth and Sister to Edward the Fifth From Christ 1485. Ferdinand King of Arragon and his Granada taken from the Saracens Wife Izabella Queen of Castille took Granada from Boadilla the last King of the Saracens in Spain From Christ 1492. A little while after Christopher Colombus Christopher Columbus a Genouese found out the new World with great Success and infinite Advantage to Ferdinand and Izabella From Christ 1494. King Charles went into Italy where all Charles the Eighth in Italy the Cities received him as Conqueror so he entered Rome where Alexander the Sixth Successor to Innocent the Eighth either could not or durst not oppose him from thence he march'd to the Kingdom of Naples and made himself Master of it with incredible facility His Design was to carry on the War even to Constantinople to which end he had delivered from the hands of the Pope Zizim Brother to Bajazet the Second to make use of him against Bajazet but the Design miscarried by the Death of Zizim but chiefly by the League the Pope the Venetians and Lodowike Sforza Duke of Millan made against the King to fight him as he came back The Battel was fought The Battel of Fornova near Fornova a Village near to Piacenza where the King wholly routed them tho' they were six times more in number than those of his Army but the French lost the Kingdom of Naples in as short a time as they had Conquered it that there remained to them nothing more than a filthy The Neopolitan Disease Disease which cannot modestly be named Two Years after Charles being dead Lewis Duke of Orleans first Prince of the Blood succeeded him The new King broke off his Marriage with
with Saxon Weymar are forced to return without acting any thing considerable A Battel between the Turks and the Persians The Persians beaten by the Turks wherein Ninety thousand of the Turks and Twenty thousand of the Persians fell yet the Turks being more numerous became Victors The Princess Elizabeth born second The princess Elizabeth born Daughter to King Charles the First From Christ 1635. A Peace renewed between the Emperor The Elector of Saxony dâ—sâ—rted the Swedes and the Elector of Saxony at Prague so the Elector deserted the Swedes and the rest of the Confederate Princes About this time the Tartars who harassed The Tartats Conqâ—â—reâ— Chyna the Chyneses with continual Wars entering into Chyna with numerous Forces within the space of twenty years quite subdued those people and became their Masters The Imperialists received a great overthrow The Imperialists routed by thâ— Swedes near Wistock in Germany being routed from their Camp with the loss of all their Baggage and Canon by General Bannier General of the Swedes In Transilvania Stephen the Brother and Peter the Son of Bethlem Gabor endeavoured to make themselves Masters of that Principality with the Assistance of the Turks but were defeated by Ragotsky assisted by the Emperor Ferdinand King of Hungary elected Ferdinand K. of the Romans Breda took by the prince of Orange from the Spaniards King of the Romans From Christ 1636. The Prince of Orange after a Siege of about three months recovers Breda from the Spaniards The Liturgy first read at Edinburgh occasioned a great Tumult Bernard Duke of Saxon Weymar having a long time besieged Brisac a strong City upon the Rhyne compelled it at length to surrender for want of Provision yet the Duke of Lorrain and Lamboy both attempted to relieve it From Christ 1637. The Count Pallatin assisted by the English raised Forces and possess'd himself of Meppen in Westphalia but was defeated by Count Hatfieild and his Brother Prince Rupert taken Prisoner Maria de Medicis Queen Mother arrived Queen Mother of France arrived in England in England The French besieged St. Omers but all in vain But the Duke of Longeville defeated the Duke of Lorrain in Burgundy and at the same time the Prince of Conde was repulsed from the Siege of Fontatabie A Sea-Fight in the Downes between the Dutch and the Spaniards where Trump the A Sea Fight between the Dutch the Spaniard Dutch Admiral tho' inferior in number to the Enemy did beat the Spanish Fleet of which he burnt one part and took others so that very few returned back into Spain Ferdinand the Second Emperor died of a The Death of Ferdinand II. Dropsy in whose room not long after was elected his Son Ferdinand the Third General Bannier defeated the Imperialists The Swedish General dâ—feated the Imperialists Another Sea Fight between the Dutch and the Spaniard near Kemnitz in Saxony and persued Furstemberg into Bohemia Another Sea-Fight between the Dutch and the Spaniards side wherein of 50 Sail on the Spaniards side not twenty escap'd The King of England Armed against the Scots by Sea and Land and sent over for the Lord Deputy of Ireland The Turks take Babylon after they had cut off 40 thousand of the Persian Horse From Christ 1639. AmuÌ„rath the Emperor of the Turks The death of Amurath Ibrahim succeeded Civil Dissentions in Scotland The Impâ—rialists defeated died in the 23d year of his Age to whom Ibrahim the First his Brother succeeded Civil Dissentions first began in Scotland occasioned by the Scots refusing to admit the Liturgy of England General Bannier obtained a great Victory over the Imperialists near Homburg in Hassia A terrible Earthquake felt over all the An Earthquake in Flanders Low Countries and parts adjoining A Parliament began in England and dissolved and several of the Members imprisoned Charles the First his fourth Son born Henry Duke of Glocester born baptized Henry and created Duke of Glocester King Charles sets up his Standard at York 〈…〉 in England The long Parliament began in November The Earl of Stafford impeach'd of High-Treason The Earl of Stafford's and Arch-Bishop Laud ' s â—mpâ—achâ—n of High-Treason Ferdinand Cardinal Infanta died and the Arch-Bishop Laud impeach'd of High-Treason after which the Bishops Votes in Parliament taken away From Christ 1640. Ferdinand the Cardinal Infanta of Spain and Governour of the Low Countries died at Brussels The Duke of Soissons assisted by the Imperialists and relying on the Friendship of the Duke of Bouillon who was then possess'd of Sâ—dan threatned to break into France The King bends all his Forces The Duke of Soissons killâ—d against them so that after a dubious Fight wherein Soissons was slain the Attempâ— was given over Princess Mary 〈…〉 the P. of Orange The Princess Mary Daughter to Charles the First was married to William of Nassaw Prince of Orange at Whitehall The Earl of Strafford beheaded and the The Earl of Stafford beheaded Irish Rebellion broke out where were twenty thousand Persons barbarously murdered The Irish Rebellion broke out K. Charles lâ—ft London and went to York King Charles the First left the City of London and went to York From Christ 1641. Maria de Medicis Queen Dowager of Henry the Fourth King of France and Mother of Lewis the Thirteenth died at The death of Maria de Medicis Queen Dowager of France Collogn in great poverty Not long after Cardinal Richlieu died at Paris in the sixty sixth year of his Age. Saxon Waymer and Eberstein gave Lamboy Lamboy defeated by Saxon Weymar and Eberstein Tortenson did beat the Imperialists and took Lipseich the Imperial General a total Defeat Tortenson the Swedish General gave the Imperialists another Defeat near Leipsich and after that took Leipsich by surrender The French prosper in Catalonia defeated the Spaniards and took Cosibre but are beaten by the Spaniards near Cotelet in Picardy and lost La Basse on the confines of Artois Sir John Hotham denied King Charles the First his Entrance into Hull The Earl Civil Wars in England of Essex made General of the Parliaments Forces while the King did set up his Standard at Nottingham Edge-Hill Fight where the Earl of Lindsey the King's General was slain The Queen of England left Holland and Landed at Burlington in Yorkshire From Christ 1642. Lewis the Thirteenth King of France The Death of Lewis XIII K. of France departed this Life leaving Lewis the Fourteenth to succeed him an Infant of five years of Age. During whose Minority Ann of Austria is appointed Queen Regent while Cardinal Julio Mazarini an Italian obtained the same power at Court which Richlieu had before The Prince of Conde won the famous The Battel of Rocroy A War between the Duke of Parma and the Pope Battel of Rocroy A War between the Duke of Parma and the Pope who was beaten by the Florentines Cheapside-Cross demolish'd and the solemn
to chuse an Italian Pope elected the Arch-Bishop of Paris under the Name of Urban the Sixth but the Cardinals being at liberty retired to Fundi in the Kingdom of Naples where they made a Second Election of a Cardinal of Geneva under the Name of Clement the Seventh so that Urban residing at Rome and Clement at A Schism Avignion Christendom was divided between the two Popes France Castile Scotland and Naples acknowledged Clement The rest of Italy with England declared for Urban The States of the Kingdom of Arragon remained Neuters From Christ 1379. The Emperor Charles the Fourth died The Death of Charles the Fourth Emperor He had been Crowned at Rome by the Legates of that Pope who then resided at Avignion But this Ceremony was performed with that Disgrace that they obliged him to leave Rome the same Day he was Crowned which he did However he was to be praised for making the Golden The Golden Bull. Wencelaus Emperor Bull in which was regulated all that relates to the Election of an Emperor He had for his Successor his Son Wencelaus King of Bohemia Charles the Fifth King of France died Kings of France and his eldest Son Charles the Sixth succeeded him From Christ 1380. While the Tartars and the Turks disputed A Sophy King of Persia for the Kingdom of Persia a certain Sophy declaring he was descended from Haly Son-in-Law to Mahomet made himself Master of it whose Posterity Reigns there to this time The Flemins revolting against their Count of Flanders the young King Charles took his part and defeated the Rebels at The Battle of Roesbeck Roesbeck in Flanders where Philip of Arteville their chief Commander was killed From Christ 1382. John Paleologus had been deposed from Emperors of Constantinople the Empire of Constantinople by his Son Andronicus but was a while after re-invested After whose Death Manuel his Second Son succeeded him The Turks were grown very considerable since the beginning of this Age being so powerfully establish'd in Bithynia and in other neighbouring Countries of the lesser Asia under Ottoman their first Sultan The Sultans of the Turks and afterwards under his Successors Orcan and Solyman Amurath the Son of Solyman who reigned at this time past into Europe and made his Conquests in the Country of Bulgaria along the Danube From Christ 1384. Jane Queen of Naples had succeeded Kings of Naples her Father Robert and had no Children by her four Husbands She had a Sister married to her Cousin Charles of Durus who had no Children but Jane being displeas'd with her Brother-in-Law adopted Lewis Duke of Anjou and to him resigned the Right of her Kingdom From Christ 1385. Charles called the Wicked King of The horrid Death of Charles King of Navar. Navar died in a most deplorable manner For the Surgeon who wrapt him and sewed him up in Linnen dipt in strong Spirits which having took fire by carelesness burnt him From Christ 1387. Urban the Sixth being dead the Roman Popes Cardinals put in his place Boniface the Ninth Clement still keeping his See at Avignion After his Death the Cardinals chose for his Successor a Spaniard of the House of The Continuation of Schism Luna who took the Name of Benoit the Thirteenth The Schism thus continuing the Christian Princes to no purpose endeavoured to put an end to it From Christ 1394. In the last Year of this Age the Electors Wencelaus deposed Henry of Brunswic Emperor then Rupert Count Palatine deposed Wencelaus judging him unworthy of the Empire because of his ill Qualities They put Henry of Brunswick in his place who having been killed in the same Year they then made choice of Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine From Christ 1400. The Fifteenth Age. ABout the end of the former Century John Count of Nevers attended with a great Number of the French Nobility march'd to the Relief of Hungary against Bajazet Emperor of the Turks The Christian The Battle of Nicopolis Army had been beaten at the Battle of Nicopolis John was taken Prisoner with the famous Boucicaut with many French Gentlemen John and Boucicaut were releas'd The Turks attack'd Constantinople in the Bajazet attack'd Constantinople beginning of this Age. The Emperor Manuel having applied himself to King Charles for Succors he sent him some under the Command of the same Boucicaut who relieved Constantinople which obliged Manuel to come into France to thank the King and to beg of him fresh Supplies From Christ 1401. During the time that Manuel was in Tamberlain Cham of the Tartars Bajazet overcome and kept Prisoner France Tamberlain the Cham of the Tartars over-run the Eastern parts with a most formidable Army He overcame and took Bajazet Prisoner and treated him with that scorn that the most miserable Prince dash'd out his Brains against the Bars of the Iron Cage in which he was shut up like a wild Beast From Christ 1402. At Rome Boniface the Ninth being dead Popes Innocent the Seventh succeeded him and after him Gregory the Twelfth a Venetian of the House of Cornaro upon Condition that he should resign if Bennet the Thirteeenth who always lived at Avignion A Continuation of Schism would doe the like They both of them met to concert the Bus'ness at Sazona but as they took their Journey to meet there every one on a sudden did quit their Faction Gregory retired to Sienna Bennet into Catalonia his Native Country The greatest part of the Cardinals having abandoned them assembled in Council at Pisa where Gregory and Bennet were The Council of Pisa deposed and a Cordelier called Peter Phylargus chosen in their places under the Name of Alexander the Fifth who died Three Popes about ten Months after The Cardinals who had followed him to Bologna elected Balthazar Cossa who took the Name of John the Twenty third From Christ 1410. There was also a Schism in the Empire between Sigismund Brother to Wenceslaus Sigismund Emperor deposed and Josse Marquess of Moravia his Kinsman but by the sudden Death of Josse Sigismund was acknowledged Emperor by all the Princes From Christ 1411. This Prince ordered a Council to be A Council at Constance held in the City of Constance where they resolved on Five remarkable Things 1. They burn'd as Hereticks John Hus John Hus and Jerome of Prague burnt though he came there under a safe Conduct of the Emperor they treated in the same manner Jerome os Prague a Disciple of John Hus. 2. They abolish'd the Use of the Cup The Cup taken away from the Sacrament in the Sacrament of the Eucharist 3. They declared a Council superior to the Pope 4. In Consequence to that they deposed Three Popes deposed the three Popes of whom John was there present 5. They elected Martin the Fifth of the House of Colonna after he had promis'd on his Oath to keep the Decrees of the Council From