do_v very_o much_o drain_v the_o ready_a money_n from_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o point_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o will_v advance_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v so_o in_o fact_n depend_v on_o memory_n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o and_o most_o other_o i_o converse_v with_o do_v perfect_o remember_v that_o rent_n do_v general_o rise_v after_o the_o late_a abatement_n of_o interest_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o be_v from_o the_o encouragement_n which_o that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n to_o improve_v by_o draining_n marling_n lime_a etc._n etc._n excellent_o make_v out_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a two_o worthy_a author_n so_o that_o i_o do_v i_o think_v with_o good_a reason_n conclude_v that_o the_o present_a fall_n of_o rent_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o accidental_a and_o to_o be_v ascribe_v principal_o to_o the_o foregoing_a reason_n give_v for_o the_o present_a abatement_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n the_o three_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o by_o evidence_n of_o fact_n it_o have_v be_v so_o in_o england_n the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n have_v always_o follow_v the_o abatement_n of_o our_o interest_n by_o law_n i_o say_v not_o precede_v but_o follow_v it_o and_o the_o cause_n do_v always_o go_v before_o the_o effect_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v evident_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n if_o any_o doubt_n of_o this_o and_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v the_o custom-house_n book_n they_o may_v soon_o be_v resolve_v 2._o by_o authority_n not_o only_o of_o that_o ancient_a gentleman_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n in_o his_o second_o treatise_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n in_o a_o edict_n there_o recite_v but_o likewise_o of_o a_o parliament_n of_o england_n king_n lord_n &_o commons_o in_o the_o act_n for_o reduce_v it_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o the_o preamble_n whereof_o be_v these_o word_n viz._n forasmuch_o as_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v find_v by_o notable_a experience_n beneficial_a to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o good_a husbandry_n with_o many_o other_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o nation_n especial_o the_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o a_o near_a proportion_n with_o foreign_a state_n with_o who_o we_o traffic_n and_o whereas_o in_o fresh_a memory_n the_o like_a fall_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o a_o late_a constant_a practice_n have_v find_v the_o like_a success_n to_o the_o general_a contentment_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o several_a improvement_n etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o necessary_a consequence_n when_o interest_n be_v abate_v they_o who_o call_v in_o their_o money_n must_v either_o buy_v land_n or_o trade_n with_o it_o if_o they_o buy_v land_n the_o many_o buyer_n will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n if_o they_o trade_v they_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o trader_n and_o consequent_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n and_o let_v their_o money_n lie_v dead_a by_o they_o i_o think_v i_o have_v full_o prove_v they_o can_v in_o a_o addition_n publish_v to_o my_o first_o observation_n 4._o by_o reason_n for_o first_o whilst_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o man_n will_v run_v a_o adventure_n to_o sea_n for_o the_o gain_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z which_o the_o dutch_a have_v money_n at_o 4_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z at_o interest_n be_v content_v with_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v follow_v a_o vast_a trade_n in_o salt_n from_o st_n vuall_a rochel_n and_o other_o part_n to_o the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o also_o their_o fish_n trade_n for_o herring_n and_o whale-fishing_a which_o we_o neglect_v as_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o trouble_n and_o hazard_n while_o we_o can_v make_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o our_o money_n sleep_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o money_n employ_v in_o trade_n in_o any_o nation_n bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o thâ—_n interest_n pay_v for_o money_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o england_n no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v follow_v any_o trade_n whereby_o he_o do_v not_o promise_v himself_o 14_o or_o 12_o per_fw-la cent_z gain_n at_o least_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 8_o the_o hope_n of_o 12_o or_o 10_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a as_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v now_o interest_n go_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o infallible_a consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o trade_n before_o recite_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o muscovy_n and_o greenland_n and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o of_o all_o other_o that_o will_v not_o afford_v we_o a_o clear_a profit_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z we_o careless_o give_v away_o to_o the_o dutch_a and_o must_v do_v so_o forever_o unless_o we_o bring_v our_o interest_n near_o to_o a_o par_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o hence_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n it_o follow_v very_o clear_o that_o if_o our_o interest_n be_v abate_v one_o three_o part_n it_o will_v occasion_v the_o employment_n of_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o man_n shp_v and_o stock_n in_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a trade_n this_o discover_v the_o vanity_n of_o all_o our_o attempt_n for_o gain_v of_o the_o white-herring_n fishing-trade_n of_o which_o the_o dutch_a as_o every_o body_n observe_v make_v wonderful_a great_a advantage_n though_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n i_o wish_v as_o many_o do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o now_o though_o i_o have_v touch_v it_o in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o plain_a case_n be_v this_o a_o dutchman_n will_v be_v content_a to_o employ_v a_o stock_n of_o 5_o or_o 10000_o l._n in_o burse_v material_n for_o fish_v victual_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o trade_n and_o if_o at_o the_o wind_a up_o of_o his_o account_n he_o find_v he_o have_v get_v clear_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la for_o his_o stock_n and_o adventure_n 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o thank_v god_n and_o tell_v his_o neighbour_n he_o have_v have_v a_o thrive_a trade_n now_o while_o every_o slothful_a ignorant_a man_n with_o we_o that_o have_v but_o wit_n enough_o to_o tell_v out_o his_o money_n to_o a_o gold_n smith_n can_v get_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z without_o pain_n or_o care_n be_v it_o not_o monstrous_a absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v do_v any_o good_a upon_o this_o trade_n till_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o right_a end_n which_o must_v be_v to_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n second_o the_o deprave_a nature_n of_o man_n affect_v ease_n and_o pleasure_n while_o use_n of_o money_n run_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z have_v always_o at_o hand_n a_o easy_a expedient_a to_o indulge_v that_o humour_n and_o reconcile_v it_o to_o another_o as_o considerable_a viz._n his_o covetousness_n by_o put_v his_o money_n to_o use_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n through_o his_o youthful_a care_n and_o industry_n arrive_v to_o a_o estate_n of_o 20000_o l._n in_o twenty_o year_n trade_v whilst_o money_n be_v so_o high_a and_o land_n so_o low_a he_o can_v easy_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n which_o be_v interest_n of_o money_n at_o 4_o pâ—r_n cent_z he_o can_v not_o do_v and_o consequent_o must_v not_o only_o follow_v his_o trade_n himself_o but_o make_v his_o child_n trader_n also_o for_o to_o leave_v they_o money_n without_o skill_n to_o use_v it_o will_v advantage_v little_a and_o purchase_v of_o land_n less_o when_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n shall_v raise_v they_o to_o twenty_o or_o thiâ—ty_o year_n purchase_v which_o i_o hope_v yet_o to_o live_v to_o see_v three_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n keep_v to_o their_o trade_n and_o child_n succeed_a their_o father_n therein_o will_v ensue_v to_o merchant_n great_a skill_n in_o trade_n more_o exact_a and_o certain_a correspondency_n sure_a &_o more_o trusty_a factor_n abroad_o &_o those_o better_o acquaint_v &_o concatinate_v together_o by_o the_o experimental_a link_n of_o each_o other_o humour_n style_n estate_n and_o business_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o prudent_a man_n can_v do_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n after_o his_o settle_n in_o london_n to_o be_v exact_o well_o fit_v with_o factor_n in_o all_o part_n and_o those_o by_o correspondency_n bring_v into_o a_o mutual_a acquaintance_n of_o each_o other_o and_o honest_a workman_n
that_o city_n have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o a_o index_n of_o the_o whole_a i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o although_o london_n have_v so_o increase_v other_o part_n have_v as_o much_o diminish_v whereof_o some_o be_v name_v before_o but_o if_o to_o answer_v the_o diminution_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o some_o particular_a place_n it_o be_v consider_v how_o other_o be_v increase_v viz_o yarmouth_n hull_n scarbrough_n and_o other_o port_n in_o the_o north_n as_o also_o liverpoole_n westchester_n and_o bristol_n portsmouth_n lime_n and_o plymouth_n and_o withal_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o great_a improvement_n have_v be_v make_v these_o last_o sixty_o year_n upon_o break_v up_o and_o enclose_v of_o waste_v forest_n and_o park_n and_o drain_n of_o the_o fen_n and_o all_o those_o place_n inhabit_v and_o furnish_v with_o husbandry_n etc._n etc._n then_o i_o think_v it_o will_v appear_v probable_a that_o we_o have_v in_o england_n now_o at_o least_o have_v before_o the_o late_a plague_n more_o people_n than_o we_o have_v before_o we_o first_o enter_v upon_o foreign_a plantation_n notwithstanding_o likewise_o the_o great_a number_n of_o man_n which_o have_v issue_v from_o we_o into_o ireland_n which_o country_n as_o our_o law_n now_o be_v i_o reckon_v not_o among_o the_o number_n of_o plantation_n profitable_a to_o england_n nor_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o discourse_n although_o peradventure_o something_o may_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o these_o paper_n which_o may_v deserve_v consideration_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v if_o we_o have_v more_o people_n now_o then_o in_o former_a age_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o five_o and_o other_o time_n former_o we_o can_v raise_v such_o great_a army_n and_o employ_v they_o in_o foreign_a war_n and_o yet_o retain_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o cultivate_v our_o land_n at_o home_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o bigness_n of_o army_n be_v not_o always_o a_o certain_a indication_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o sometime_o rather_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n and_o distrubation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o for_o instance_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n be_v owner_n of_o the_o whole_a territory_n although_o the_o people_n be_v thin_a the_o army_n upon_o occasion_n may_v be_v very_o great_a as_o in_o east-india_n turkey_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n where_o taffelet_n be_v late_o say_v to_o have_v a_o army_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n although_o every_o body_n know_v that_o country_n have_v as_o great_a a_o scarcety_n of_o people_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o since_o freeholders_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o england_n &_o the_o servile_a tenor_n alter_v doubtless_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a as_o well_o as_o more_o chargeable_a to_o draw_v great_a number_n of_o man_n into_o foreign_a war_n 2._o since_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o new_a artillery_n of_o powder_n shoot_v and_o fire-arm_n in_o the_o world_n all_o war_n be_v become_v as_o much_o rather_o a_o expense_n of_o money_n as_o man_n and_o success_n attend_v those_o that_o can_v most_o &_o long_a spend_v money_n rather_o than_o man_n and_o consequent_o prince_n army_n in_o europe_n be_v become_v more_o proportionable_a to_o their_o purse_n then_o to_o the_o number_n of_o their_o people_n vi_o that_o all_o colony_n and_o foreign_a plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v not_o confine_v to_o their_o say_a mother_n kingdom_n by_o good_a law_n and_o severe_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 1._o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o government_n of_o europe_n witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o dane_n keep_v the_o trade_n of_o izland_n to_o themselves_o the_o dutch_a surrenham_n and_o all_o their_o settlement_n in_o east-india_n the_o french_a st_n christopher_n and_o their_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n the_o portugeeze_n brazil_n and_o all_o the_o coast_n thereof_o the_o spaniard_n all_o their_o vast_a terriories_fw-la upon_o the_o main_a in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o many_o island_n there_o and_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v to_o design_n the_o like_a as_o to_o all_o our_o plantation_n in_o new-england_n virginia_n barbadoes_n etc._n etc._n although_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o a_o complete_a and_o effectual_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 2._o plantation_n be_v at_o first_o furnish_v and_o afterward_o successive_o supply_v with_o people_n from_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v riches_n that_o loss_n of_o people_n to_o the_o mother_n kingdom_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v certain_o a_o damage_n except_o the_o employment_n of_o those_o people_n abroad_o do_v cause_n the_o employment_n of_o so_o many_o more_o at_o home_n in_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o that_o can_v never_o be_v except_o the_o trade_n be_v restrain_v to_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n which_o will_v not_o be_v doubt_v by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o next_o proposition_n viz._n vii_o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o their_o proper_a mother_n kingdom_n this_o proposition_n will_v ready_o be_v assent_v unto_o by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o low_a interest_n and_o low_a custom_n where_o the_o market_n be_v free_a they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v the_o trade_n that_o can_v sell_v the_o best_a pennyworth_n that_o buy_v dear_a and_o sell_v cheap_a which_o national_o speak_v none_o can_v do_v but_o those_o that_o money_n at_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o pay_v the_o least_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o dutch_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o before_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n there_o go_v ten_o dutch_a ship_n to_o barbadoes_n for_o one_o english_a viii_o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 1._o in_o fact_n the_o dutch_a never_o do_v much_o thrive_v in_o plant_v for_o i_o do_v remember_v they_o have_v about_o twenty_o year_n past_a tabago_n a_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o west-indies_n apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o sugar_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v propagate_v in_o barbadoes_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v planter_n affirm_v better_o accommodate_v with_o river_n for_o water_n mill_n which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o grind_v of_o the_o cane_n this_o island_n be_v still_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o corasoa_n and_o some_o other_o and_o about_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o year_n past_a they_o be_v so_o eager_a upon_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o that_o beside_o what_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n they_o set_v up_o bill_n upon_o the_o exchange_n in_o london_n proffer_v great_a privilege_n to_o any_o that_o will_v transport_v themselves_o thither_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o to_o this_o day_n that_o island_n be_v not_o the_o ten_o part_n so_o well_o improve_v as_o jamaica_n have_v be_v by_o the_o english_a within_o these_o five_o year_n neither_o have_v the_o dutch_a at_o any_o other_o time_n or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v any_o improvement_n by_o plant_v what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v only_o by_o war_n trade_n and_o building_n of_o fortify_v town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n to_o secure_v the_o sole_a commerce_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o the_o people_n which_o they_o conquer_v not_o by_o clear_v break_v up_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o plant_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o fact_n to_o my_o present_a purpose_n 2._o the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n be_v from_o reason_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o several_a accident_n and_o method_n by_o which_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n come_v to_o be_v people_v and_o emprove_v now_o the_o dutch_a be_v void_a of_o those_o accident_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o occasion_n to_o emprove_v foreign_a plantation_n by_o dige_v and_o delve_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v for_o 1_o st_o in_o holland_n their_o interest_n and_o custom_n be_v low_a together_o with_o their_o other_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n give_v employment_n to_o all_o their_o people_n bear_v and_o breed_v among_o they_o and_o also_o to_o multitude_n of_o foreigner_n 2._o their_o give_a liberty_n or_o at_o least_o connivance_n to_o all_o religion_n as_o well_o jew_n and_o roman-catholic_n or_o sectary_n give_v security_n to_o
not_o hurt_v we_o but_o we_o they_o be_v most_o apparent_a for_o in_o my_o time_n we_o have_v beat_v their_o muscovado_n and_o paneal_a sugar_n quite_o out_o of_o use_n in_o england_n and_o their_o whites_n we_o have_v bring_v down_o in_o all_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n in_o price_n from_o seven_o and_o eight_o pound_n per_fw-la l._n to_o fifty_o shilling_n and_o three_o pound_n per._n l._n and_o in_o quantity_n whereas_o former_o their_o brazeil-fleet_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o chest_n of_o sugar_n they_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o chest_n since_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o barbadoes_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o decay_n of_o the_o portugeeze_n production_n in_o brazeil_n be_v certain_o the_o better_a policy_n that_o our_o english_a plantatition_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o which_o principal_o dwarf_n the_o portugeeze_v plantation_n be_v the_o same_o beforementioned_a which_o hinder_v the_o spaniard_n viz._n extraordinary_a high_a custom_n at_o home_n high_a freight_n high_a interest_n of_o money_n ecclesiastical_a person_n etc._n etc._n from_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v plantation_n in_o general_a i_o draw_v these_o two_o principal_a conclusion_n 1_o st_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n may_v thrive_v beyond_o any_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o world_n though_o the_o trade_n of_o all_o of_o they_o be_v more_o severe_o limit_v by_o law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o their_o mother-kingdom_n of_o england_n exclusive_a to_o ireland_n and_o new-england_n 2_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o majesty_n power_n and_o the_o parliament_n if_o they_o please_v by_o take_v off_o all_o charge_n from_o sugar_n to_o make_v it_o more_o entire_o a_o english_a commodity_n than_o white-herring_n be_v a_o dutch_a commodity_n and_o to_o draw_v more_o profit_n to_o this_o kingdom_n thereby_o than_o the_o dutch_a do_v by_o that_o and_o that_o in_o consequence_n thereof_o all_o plantation_n of_o other_o nation_n must_v in_o a_o few_o year_n sink_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o x._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o new_a find_v land_n shall_v remain_v unplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v under_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v before_o discourse_v of_o plantation_n in_o general_a most_o of_o the_o english_a be_v in_o their_o nature_n much_o a_o like_a except_o this_o of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o of_o new-england_n which_o i_o intend_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o advantage_n newfoundland_n have_v bring_v to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v only_o by_o the_o fishery_n there_o and_o of_o what_o vast_a concernment_n that_o be_v be_v well_o know_v to_o most_o gentleman_n and_o merchant_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o especial_o this_o trade_n be_v drive_v it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o undeniable_a poof_n tbat_n in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o english_a employ_v 250._o sail_v of_o ship_n small_a and_o great_a in_o fish_v upon_o that_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v now_o too_o apparent_a that_o we_o do_v not_o so_o employ_v from_o all_o part_n above_o eighty_o sail_n of_o ship_n it_o be_v likewise_o general_o know_v and_o confess_v that_o when_o we_o employ_v so_o many_o ship_n in_o that_o trade_n the_o current_a price_n of_o our_o fish_n in_o that_o country_n be_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la seventeen_o rial_n which_o be_v eight_o shilling_n six_o penny_n per_fw-la quintal_n and_o that_o since_o as_o we_o have_v lessen_v in_o that_o trade_n the_o french_a have_v increase_v in_o it_o and_o that_o we_o have_v annual_o proceed_v to_o raise_v our_o fish_n from_o seventeen_o rial_n to_o twenty_o four_o rial_n or_o twelve_o shilling_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la as_o it_o now_o sell_v in_o the_o country_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o trade_n it_o be_v certain_o worth_a the_o enquiery_a one_a how_o we_o come_v to_o decay_v in_o that_o trade_n two_o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v our_o further_a diminution_n therein_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o trade_n i_o attribute_v first_o and_o principal_o to_o the_o grow_a liberty_n which_o be_v every_o year_n more_o and_o more_o use_v in_o romish_a country_n as_o well_o as_o other_o of_o eat_v flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o on_o fish-day_n 2._o to_o a_o late_a abuse_n creep_v into_o that_o trade_n which_o have_v much_o abate_v the_o expense_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n of_o that_o commodity_n of_o send_v over_o private_a boat-keeper_n which_o have_v much_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n 3._o to_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o french_a fishery_n of_o placentia_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o newfoundland_n 4._o to_o the_o several_a war_n we_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n within_o these_o twenty_o year_n which_o have_v much_o empoverish_v the_o merchant_n of_o our_o western_a part_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o carry_v on_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o trade_n at_o bottumry_n viz._n money_n take_v upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o ship_n at_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 2._o what_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v our_o ancient_a greatness_n in_o that_o trade_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v our_o far_a diminution_n therein_o for_o this_o two_o contrary_a way_n have_v be_v propound_v 1._o to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o reside_v there_o and_o to_o encourage_v people_n to_o inhabit_v there_o as_o well_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n against_o invasion_n as_o to_o manage_v the_o fishery_n there_o by_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o plâ—ce_n this_o have_v often_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o planter_n and_o some_o merchant_n of_o london_n 2._o the_o second_o way_n propound_v and_o which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o west-country_n merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o fishing-ship_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v no_o governor_n nor_o inhabitant_n permit_v to_o reside_v at_o newfoundland_n nor_o any_o passenger_n or_o private_a boat-keeper_n suffer_v to_o fish_n at_o newfoundland_n this_o latter_a way_n propound_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o my_o proposition_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v i_o be_o persuade_v will_v revive_v the_o decay_a english-fishing-trade_n at_o newfoundland_n and_o be_v otherwise_o great_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o most_o of_o the_o provision_n the_o planter_n which_o be_v settle_v at_o newfoundland_n do_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n bread_n beef_n pork_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o irish-bengal_n cloth_n linen_n and_o woollen_a ireish-stocking_n as_o also_o net_n hook_n and_o line_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v supply_v with_o from_o new-england_n and_o ireland_n and_o with_o wine_n oil_n and_o linen_n by_o the_o sâ—lt_n ship_n from_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o consequence_n whereof_o the_o labour_n as_o well_o as_o the_o feed_v and_o clothe_v of_o so_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v to_o england_n 2._o the_o planter_n settle_v there_o be_v most_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n and_o without_o order_n and_o government_n do_v keep_v dissolute_a house_n which_o have_v debauch_a seaman_n and_o divert_v they_o from_o their_o laborious_a and_o industrious_a call_v whereas_o before_o there_o be_v settlement_n there_o the_o seaman_n have_v no_o other_o resort_n during_o the_o fish_n season_n be_v the_o time_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o that_o country_n but_o to_o their_o ship_n which_o afford_v they_o convenient_a food_n and_o repose_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o excess_n 3_o if_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o all_o trade_n nation_n principal_o to_o encourage_v navigation_n and_o to_o promote_v especial_o those_o trade_n which_o employ_v most_o ship_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o true_a nor_o more_o regard_v by_o the_o wife_n dutch_n then_o certain_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o discountenance_v and_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o planter_n at_o newfoundland_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v increase_v it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n happen_v to_o we_o in_o relation_n to_o that_o country_n as_o it_o have_v to_o the_o fishery_n at_o new-england_n which_o many_o year_n since_o be_v manage_v by_o english_a ship_n from_o the_o western_a port_n but_o as_o plantation_n there_o increase_v fall_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a employment_n of_o people_n settle_v there_o and_o nothing_o of_o that_o trade_n leave_v the_o poor_a old_a englishman_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o carry_v now_o and_o then_o by_o courtesy_n or_o purchase_n a_o ship_n load_v of_o fish_n to_o bilvoa_n when_o their_o own_o nâ—w-english_a ship_n be_v better_a employ_v or_o not_o at_o leisure_n to_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o
market_n than_o the_o old_a english_a merchant_n and_o those_o that_o can_v sell_v cheap_a will_v infallible_o engross_v the_o whole_a trade_n soon_o or_o late_a 3._o of_o all_o the_o american_n plntation_n his_o majesty_n have_v none_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n as_o new-england_n nor_o none_o comparable_o so_o qualify_v for_o the_o breed_n of_o seaman_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o natural_a industry_n of_o that_o people_n but_o principal_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o cod_n and_o mackerel_n fishery_n and_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o prejudicial_a and_o in_o prospect_n more_o dangerous_a to_o any_o mother_n kingdom_n than_o the_o increase_n of_o ship_n in_o their_o colony_n plantation_n or_o province_n 4._o the_o people_n that_o evacuate_v from_o we_o to_o barbados_n and_o the_o other_o west-india_n plantation_n as_o be_v before_o hint_v do_v common_o work_v one_o english_a man_n to_o ten_o or_o eight_o black_n and_o if_o we_o keep_v the_o trade_n of_o our_o say_a plantation_n entire_o to_o england_n england_n will_v have_v no_o less_o inhabitant_n but_o rather_o a_o increase_n of_o people_n by_o such_o evacuation_n because_o that_o one_o english_a man_n with_o the_o ten_o black_n that_o work_n with_o he_o account_v what_o they_o eat_v use_v and_o wear_v will_v make_v employment_n for_o four_o man_n in_o england_n as_o be_v say_v before_o whereas_o peradventure_o of_o ten_o man_n that_o issue_n from_o we_o to_o new-england_n &_o ireland_n what_o we_o send_v to_o or_o receive_v from_o they_o do_v not_o employ_v one_o man_n in_o england_n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n and_o to_o do_v right_a to_o that_o most_o industirous_a english_a colony_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o though_o we_o lose_v by_o their_o unlimited_a trade_n with_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n yet_o we_o be_v very_o great_a gainer_n by_o their_o direct_a trade_n to_o and_o from_o old-england_n our_o yearly_o exportation_n of_o english_a manufacture_n malt_n and_o other_o good_n from_o hence_o thither_o amount_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o ten_o time_n the_o value_n of_o what_o be_v import_v from_o thence_o which_o calculation_n i_o do_v not_o make_v at_o randum_fw-la but_o upon_o mature_a consideration_n and_o peradventure_o upon_o as_o much_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a trade_n as_o any_o other_o person_n will_v pretend_v to_o and_o therefore_o when_o ever_o a_o reformation_n of_o our_o correspondency_n in_o trade_n with_o that_o people_n shall_v be_v think_v on_o it_o will_v in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n require_v great_a tenderness_n &_o very_o serious_a circumspection_n finis_fw-la a_o small_a treatise_n against_o usury_n to_o leave_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o usury_n to_o divine_n wherein_o a_o number_n as_o well_o protestant_n as_o papist_n have_v learned_o write_v here_o be_v only_o set_v down_o some_o argument_n to_o show_v how_o great_a the_o hurt_n be_v it_o do_v to_o this_o kingdom_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n nor_o silver_n mine_n but_o plenty_n of_o commodity_n and_o many_o and_o great_a advantage_n of_o trade_n to_o which_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n and_o decay_v for_o proof_n how_o much_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n decay_v trade_n we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n leave_v trading_n and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n thereof_o be_v so_o easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n where_o usury_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n and_o thereby_o land_n dear_a to_o purchase_v they_o continue_v merchant_n from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n neither_o be_v they_o rich_a tradesman_n only_o that_o give_v over_o trading_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v or_o discourage_v by_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o we_o also_o see_v many_o trade_n themselves_o much_o decay_a because_o they_o will_v not_o afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v not_o high_o here_o then_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v still_o subsist_v and_o flourish_v and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventurer_n yet_o be_v not_o those_o the_o great_a hindrance_n the_o high_a rate_n of_o money_n bring_v to_o trade_n our_o great_a disadvantage_n be_v that_o other_o nation_n especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n the_o dutch_a be_v therein_o wise_a than_o we_o for_o with_o they_o and_o so_o in_o most_o country_n with_o who_o we_o hold_v commerce_n there_o be_v not_o any_o use_n for_o money_n tolerate_v above_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n come_v to_o pass_v though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o advantage_n of_o industry_n and_o frugality_n that_o they_o must_v out-trade_n we_o for_o if_o they_o make_v return_v of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_z they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_v allow_v and_o so_o make_v a_o very_a gainful_a trade_n but_o with_o we_o where_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v so_o currant_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o if_o we_o make_v not_o above_o ten_o we_o be_v loser_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o trade_n be_v with_o they_o and_o we_o equal_o good_a for_o the_o public_a be_v to_o the_o private_a adventurer_n lossful_a with_o we_o with_o they_o very_o gainful_a and_o where_o the_o good_a of_o public_a and_o private_a man_n go_v not_o together_o the_o public_a be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v and_o as_o they_o out-trade_n so_o they_o may_v afford_v to_o under-sell_a we_o in_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v equal_o natural_a to_o our_o and_o their_o land_n as_o to_o our_o great_a shame_n we_o see_v our_o neighbour_n the_o dutch_a do_v even_o in_o our_o own_o country_n for_o in_o most_o commodity_n the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o plant_v and_o manage_n of_o they_o make_v a_o great_a in_o many_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o price_n and_o consequent_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o be_v rate_v at_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o they_o may_v with_o great_a gain_n under-sell_a we_o our_o stock_n with_o we_o be_v rate_v at_o ten_o and_o as_o they_o may_v out-trade_n we_o and_o under-sell_a we_o so_o be_v all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_v of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o state_n cheap_a to_o they_o then_o to_o we_o for_o the_o use_n for_o money_n go_v with_o we_o near_o double_a the_o rate_n it_o do_v in_o other_o country_n the_o give_v the_o same_o sum_n must_v needs_o be_v double_a the_o charge_n to_o we_o it_o be_v to_o they_o among_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n with_o so_o much_o wisdom_n deliver_v to_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n he_o commit_v to_o their_o considerate_a on_o the_o balance_a of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o great_a consequence_n than_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n which_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n to_o our_o disadvantage_n as_o by_o experience_n we_o see_v and_o feel_v neither_o be_v the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n less_o hurtful_a to_o commerce_n within_o the_o land_n the_o gain_n by_o usury_n be_v so_o easy_a certain_a and_o extreme_a great_a as_o they_o be_v not_o only_a merchant_n and_o tradesman_n but_o landed-man_n farmer_n and_o man_n of_o profession_n that_o grow_v lazy_a in_o their_o profession_n and_o become_v usurer_n for_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v the_o measure_n by_o which_o all_o man_n trade_n purchase_v build_v plant_v or_o any_o other_o way_n bargain_n it_o have_v be_v the_o wisdom_n and_o care_n of_o former_a parliament_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o wood_n and_o timber_n for_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o available_a than_o the_o call_n down_o of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n for_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n now_o go_v no_o man_n can_v let_v his_o timber_n stand_v nor_o his_o wood_n grow_v to_o such_o year_n growth_n as_o be_v best_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o it_o will_v be_v very_o lossfull_a to_o he_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o wood_n after_o they_o be_v worth_a forty_o or_o fifty_o shilling_n the_o acre_n grow_v fast_o at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o than_o the_o wood_n themselves_o do_v and_o for_o ship_n which_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o safety_n of_o this_o land_n i_o have_v hear_v divers_a merchant_n of_o good_a credit_n say_v that_o if_o they_o will_v build_v a_o ship_n and_o let_v it_o to_o any_o other_o to_o employ_v they_o can_v make_v of_o their_o money_n that_o way_n count_v all_o charge_n tear_n and_o wear_v above_o ten_o or_o twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o can_v
because_o custom_n run_v only_o upon_o our_o good_n import_v or_o export_v and_o that_o but_o once_o for_o all_o whereas_o interest_n run_v as_o well_o upon_o our_o ship_n as_o good_n and_o must_v be_v yearly_o pay_v on_o both_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o be_v and_o the_o ship_n in_o many_o bulkey_n trade_n and_o such_o as_o be_v national_o most_o profitable_a be_v of_o four_o time_n the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n that_o old_a objection_n about_o widow_n and_o orphan_n i_o have_v i_o think_v full_o answer_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n but_o because_o i_o yet_o sometime_o meet_v with_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o word_n more_o to_o it_o here_o viz._n 1._o widow_n and_o orphan_n be_v not_o one_o to_o twenty_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o lawmaker_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o majority_n of_o people_n though_o a_o minor_a part_n shall_v a_o little_a suffer_v 2._o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n not_o one_o in_o forty_o will_v suffer_v by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n for_o these_o reason_n viz._n 1_o st_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n nine_o of_o ten_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v very_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o leave_v they_o by_o their_o decease_a relation_n and_o all_o such_o will_v have_v a_o advantage_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o such_o abatement_n will_v increase_v trade_n and_o in_o consequence_n occasion_v more_o employment_n for_o such_o necessitous_a person_n 2_o dly_z many_o widow_n and_o orphan_n have_v jointure_n annuity_n coppy-holds_a and_o other_o land_n leave_v they_o as_o well_o as_o money_n and_o all_o such_o will_v be_v gainer_n by_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n 3_o dly_z for_o all_o london_n orphan_n the_o city_n give_v not_o now_o above_o 5_o and_o to_o some_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n so_o the_o loss_n to_o such_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_v of_o 4_o thly_a many_o executor_n be_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o allow_v orphan_n no_o interest_n and_o yet_o justify_v themselves_o by_o law_n to_o such_o orphan_n it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o what_o the_o legal_a rate_n of_o interest_n be_v 5_o thly_a when_o the_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v past_a many_o more_o parent_n will_v leave_v their_o child_n annuity_n and_o estate_n run_v in_o trade_n as_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n and_o italy_n whereby_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v become_v profitable_a not_o prejudicial_a to_o they_o and_o for_o the_o few_o that_o at_o first_o may_v happen_v to_o suffer_v whereof_o the_o number_n will_v be_v very_o small_a and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v name_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v a_o easy_a mean_n within_o their_o own_o power_n to_o prevent_v their_o be_v one_o farthing_n the_o worse_a for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n it_o be_v but_o wear_v a_o lawn-whisk_n instead_o of_o a_o point_n de_fw-fr venice_n and_o for_o the_o mean_a sort_n a_o serge_n pettycoat_n instead_o of_o a_o silk_n one_o and_o a_o plain_a pair_n of_o shoe_n instead_o of_o lace_a one_o and_o that_o the_o lady_n may_v not_o be_v offend_v with_o i_o i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o this_o will_v never_o spoil_v but_o mend_v their_o marriage_n beside_o the_o great_a good_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o whether_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v nobleman_n gentleman_n or_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o ensue_a treatise_n refer_v to_o some_o tract_n i_o former_o publish_v upon_o this_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o whole_o out_o of_o print_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o re-print_n and_o annex_v unto_o this_o which_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v not_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v grant_v that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v will_v procure_v to_o the_o nation_n all_o the_o good_a that_o i_o allege_v it_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o but_o say_v it_o be_v not_o practicable_a or_o at_o least_o not_o now_o 1._o a_o needless_a scruple_n and_o contradictory_n to_o experience_n for_o first_o a_o law_n have_v abate_v interest_n in_o england_n three_o time_n within_o these_o few_o year_n already_o and_o what_o shall_v hinder_v its_o effect_n now_o more_o than_o former_o 2._o if_o a_o law_n will_v not_o do_v it_o why_o do_v the_o usurer_n raise_v such_o a_o dust_n and_o engage_v so_o many_o friend_n to_o oppose_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o act_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o do_v it_o as_o it_o have_v do_v already_o though_o they_o will_v persuade_v other_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v we_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o in_o england_n beside_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o riches_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o further_a reason_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o case_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o have_v now_o much_o more_o money_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a notwithstanding_o the_o seem_a scarcity_n at_o present_a if_o i_o shall_v look_v further_o back_o then_o twenty_o year_n the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a on_o my_o side_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n great_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a but_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o that_o time_n which_o be_v within_o most_o man_n memory_n 1._o we_o give_v general_o now_o one_o three_o more_o money_n with_o apprentice_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 2._o notwithstanding_o the_o decay_n and_o loss_n of_o sundry_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n yet_o in_o the_o gross_a we_o ship_n off_o now_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o the_o manufacture_n as_o also_o lead_v and_o tin_n than_o we_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a which_o be_v a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o a_o proof_n of_o our_o increase_n of_o money_n if_o any_o doubt_v this_o if_o they_o please_v to_o consult_v mr_n dickins_n surveyor_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a i_o know_v live_v and_o have_v take_v the_o most_o pain_n in_o these_o calculation_n he_o may_v be_v satisfactory_o resolve_v 3._o house_n new_o build_v in_o london_n yield_v twice_o the_o rent_n they_o do_v before_o the_o fire_n and_o house_n general_o immediate_o before_o the_o fire_n yield_v about_o one_o four_o part_n more_o rent_n than_o they_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 4._o the_o speedy_a and_o costly_a building_n of_o london_n be_v a_o convince_a and_o to_o stranger_n a_o amaze_a argument_n of_o the_o plenty_n and_o late_o increase_v of_o money_n in_o england_n 5._o we_o have_v now_o more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o merchant_n ship_n we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a 6._o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o money_n be_v strange_o alter_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n most_o payment_n from_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n be_v now_o make_v with_o ready_a money_n whereas_o former_o the_o course_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n run_v at_o three_o six_o nine_o twelve_o and_o eighteen_o month_n time_n but_o if_o this_o case_n be_v so_o clear_a some_o may_v ask_v i_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n complain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o query_n be_v viz._n 1._o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o frailty_n and_o corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o present_a and_o commend_v the_o time_n past_a so_o say_v they_o of_o old_a the_o former_a day_n be_v better_a than_o these_o and_o i_o can_v say_v in_o truth_n upon_o my_o own_o memory_n that_o man_n do_v complain_v as_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n ever_o since_o i_o know_v the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v now_o nay_o the_o very_a same_o person_n that_o now_o complain_v of_o this_o and_o commend_v that_o time_n 2._o and_o more_o particular_o this_o complaint_n proceed_v from_o many_o man_n find_n themselves_o uneasy_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o religion_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v discontent_v at_o one_o thing_n to_o complain_v of_o all_o and_o principal_o to_o utter_v their_o discontent_n and_o complaint_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o popular_a those_o that_o hate_v a_o man_n for_o some_o one_o cause_n will_v seldom_o allow_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a in_o he_o and_o some_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o person_n or_o thing_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o other_o that_o give_v they_o no_o offence_n like_o peevish_a person_n that_o meet_v discontent_n
we_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n some_o of_o the_o say_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o have_v advance_v their_o trade_n and_o thereby_o improve_v their_o estate_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o they_o have_v in_o their_o great_a council_n of_o state_n and_o war_n trading-merchant_n that_o have_v live_v abroad_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n who_o have_v not_o only_o the_o theoretical_a knowledge_n but_o the_o practical_a experience_n of_o trade_n by_o who_o law_n and_o order_n be_v contrive_v and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a prince_n project_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o their_o trade_n second_o their_o law_n of_o gavel-kind_n whereby_o all_o their_o child_n possess_v a_o equal_a share_n of_o their_o father_n estate_n after_o their_o decease_n and_o so_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o wrestle_v with_o the_o world_n in_o their_o youth_n with_o inconsiderable_a assistance_n of_o fortune_n as_o most_o of_o our_o young_a son_n of_o gentleman_n in_o england_n be_v who_o be_v bind_v apprentice_n to_o merchant_n three_o their_o exact_a make_n of_o all_o their_o native_a commodity_n and_o pack_v of_o their_o herring_n codfish_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n which_o they_o send_v abroad_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o repute_n of_o their_o say_a commodity_n abroad_o continue_v always_o good_a and_o the_o buyer_n will_v accept_v of_o they_o by_o the_o mark_n without_o open_v whereas_o the_o fish_n which_o our_o english_a make_v in_o newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n and_o herring_n at_o yarmouth_n often_o prove_v false_a and_o deceitful_o make_v and_o our_o pilchard_n from_o the_o west-country_n false_a pack_v seldom_o contain_v the_o quantity_n for_o which_o the_o hogshead_n be_v mark_v in_o which_o they_o be_v pack_v and_o in_o england_n the_o attempt_n which_o our_o forefather_n make_v for_o regulate_v of_o manufacture_n when_o leave_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o a_o short_a time_n resolve_v but_o into_o a_o tax_n upon_o the_o commodity_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o goodness_n thereof_o as_o most_o notorious_o appear_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o aulnage_n which_o doubtless_o our_o predecessor_n intend_v for_o a_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o commodity_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n a_o seal_n be_v invent_v as_o a_o signal_n that_o the_o commodity_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n which_o seal_v it_o be_v say_v may_v now_o be_v buy_v by_o thousand_o and_o put_v upon_o what_o the_o buyer_n please_v four_o their_o give_v great_a encouragement_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o inventor_n of_o new-manufacture_n and_o the_o discoverer_n of_o any_o new_a mystery_n in_o trade_n and_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v bring_v the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n among_o they_o for_o which_o the_o author_n never_o go_v without_o his_o due_a reward_n allow_v he_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n five_o their_o contrive_v and_o building_n of_o great_a ship_n to_o sail_v with_o small_a charge_n not_o above_o one_o three_o of_o what_o we_o be_v at_o for_o ship_n of_o the_o same_o burden_n in_o england_n and_o compel_v their_o say_a ship_n be_v of_o small_a force_n to_o sail_v always_o in_o fleet_n to_o which_o in_o all_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o allow_v convoy_n six_o their_o parsimonious_a and_o thrifty_a live_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o a_o merchant_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_v estate_n with_o they_o will_v scarce_o spend_v so_o much_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o one_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n estate_n in_o london_n seven_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n as_o well_o daughter_n as_o son_n all_o which_o be_v they_o of_o never_o so_o great_a quality_n or_o estate_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o bring_v up_o to_o write_v perfect_a good_a hand_n and_o to_o have_v the_o full_a knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o arithemetick_n and_o merchants-account_n the_o well_o understand_v and_o practice_n whereof_o do_v strange_o infuse_v into_o most_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o that_o quality_n of_o either_o sex_n not_o only_o a_o ability_n for_o commerce_n of_o all_o kind_n but_o a_o strong_a aptitude_n love_n and_o delight_n in_o it_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o woman_n be_v as_o know_v therein_o as_o the_o man_n it_o do_v encourage_v their_o husband_n to_o hold_v on_o in_o their_o trade_n to_o their_o die_a day_n know_v the_o capacity_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o get_v in_o their_o estate_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n after_o their_o death_n whereas_o if_o a_o merchant_n in_o england_n arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a estate_n he_o common_o withdraws_a his_o estate_n from_o trade_n before_o he_o come_v near_o the_o confine_n of_o old_a age_n reckon_v that_o if_o god_n shall_v call_v he_o out_o of_o the_o world_n while_o the_o main_a of_o his_o estate_n be_v engage_v abroad_o in_o trade_n he_o must_v lose_v one_o three_o of_o it_o through_o the_o unexperience_n and_o unaptness_n of_o his_o wife_n to_o such_o affair_n and_o so_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o beside_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o arithmetic_n that_o like_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n it_o do_v not_o only_o improve_v the_o rational_a faculty_n but_o incline_v those_o that_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o to_o thriftiness_n and_o good-husbandry_n and_o prevent_v both_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o some_o measure_n from_o run_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n when_o they_o have_v it_o always_o ready_a in_o their_o head_n what_o their_o expense_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o how_o soon_o by_o that_o course_n their_o ruin_n must_v overtake_v they_o eight_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o the_o height_n of_o their_o excise_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a tax_n in_o the_o world_n and_o least_o prejudical_a to_o any_o people_n as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v be_v it_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n nine_o the_o careful_a provide_v for_o and_o employment_n of_o their_o poor_a which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o demonstrate_v can_v never_o be_v do_v in_o england_n comparative_o to_o what_o it_o be_v with_o they_o while_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o look_v after_o their_o own_o only_a ten_o their_o use_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v of_o so_o immense_a advantage_n to_o they_o that_o some_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n have_v estimate_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o public_a to_o amount_v to_o at_o least_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la eleven_o their_o toleration_n of_o different_a opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o industrious_a people_n of_o other_o country_n that_o dissent_n from_o the_o establish_v government_n of_o their_o own_o church_n resort_n to_o they_o with_o thetr_n family_n and_o estate_n and_o after_o a_o few_o year_n co-habitation_n with_o they_o become_v of_o the_o same_o common_a interest_n twelve_o their_o law-merchant_n by_o which_o all_o controversy_n between_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n be_v decide_v in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n and_o that_o not_o at_o the_o forty_o part_n i_o may_v say_v in_o many_o case_n not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n they_o be_v with_o we_o thirteen_o the_o law_n that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o for_o transference_n of_o bill_n for_o debt_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a advantage_n to_o they_o in_o their_o commerce_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o can_v turn_v their_o stock_n twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o trade_n for_o once_o that_o we_o can_v in_o england_n for_o that_o have_v sell_v our_o foreign_a good_n here_o we_o can_v buy_v again_o to_o advantage_n till_o we_o be_v possess_v of_o our_o money_n which_o it_o may_v be_v we_o shall_v be_v six_o nine_o or_o twelve_o month_n in_o recover_v and_o if_o what_o we_o sell_v be_v considerable_a it_o be_v a_o good_a man_n work_n all_o the_o year_n to_o be_v follow_v vintner_n and_o shopkeeper_n for_o money_n whereas_o be_v the_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n in_o practice_n with_o we_o we_o can_v present_o after_o sale_n of_o our_o good_n dispose_v of_o our_o bill_n and_o close_o up_o our_o account_n to_o do_v which_o the_o advantage_n ease_n and_o accommodation_n it_o will_v be_v to_o trade_n be_v so_o great_a that_o none_o but_o merchant_n that_o have_v live_v where_o that_o custom_n be_v in_o use_n can_v value_v to_o its_o due_a proportion_n fourteen_o their_o keep_n up_o public_a register_n of_o all_o land_n and_o house_n sell_v or_o mortgage_v whereby_o many_o chargeable_a law-suit_n be_v prevent_v and_o the_o security_n of_o land_n and_o house_n render_v indeed_o such_o as_o we_o common_o call_v they_o real_a security_n
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only_o displease_v with_o a_o thing_n because_o they_o be_v not_o the_o first_o proposer_n of_o it_o themselves_o sometime_o from_o a_o more_o inveterate_a and_o corrupt_a principle_n of_o wish_v thing_n worse_o because_o they_o be_v not_o well_o hate_v that_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v reform_v because_o they_o can_v bring_v all_o thing_n to_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o own_o fancy_n and_o sometime_o from_o other_o by_o respect_n and_o private_a interest_n whether_o any_o or_o which_o of_o these_o have_v move_v my_o opposer_n i_o will_v not_o here_o determine_v because_o i_o know_v he_o not_o but_o leave_v that_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o impartial_a reader_n if_o the_o gentleman_n love_n to_o his_o country_n be_v such_o as_o he_o profess_v and_o equal_a with_o i_o i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o after_o a_o more_o serious_a examination_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o will_v agree_v with_o i_o in_o the_o thing_n desire_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o treatise_n he_o recite_v nineteen_o obversation_n of_o i_o as_o meanâ—_n whereby_o the_o dutch_a have_v increase_v their_o trade_n and_o riches_n and_o page_n 9_o seem_v to_o approve_v of_o all_o they_o say_v as_o i_o tell_v he_o as_o also_o he_o do_v page_n 22._o that_o more_o may_v be_v add_v but_o be_v not_o so_o kind_a to_o his_o country_n to_o let_v we_o know_v what_o they_o be_v which_o if_o he_o have_v do_v will_v have_v be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o his_o pretend_a candour_n and_o as_o well_o of_o use_n to_o his_o country_n as_o a_o evidence_n of_o his_o own_o sufficiency_n it_o be_v a_o much_o easy_a thing_n to_o cavel_v at_o what_o other_o man_n have_v do_v than_o to_o present_v the_o world_n with_o any_o thing_n new_a and_o material_a of_o our_o own_o page_n 10._o pass_v over_o many_o other_o he_o quarrel_v at_o that_o facetious_a instance_n of_o nobleman_n wear_v in_o former_a time_n sattin-doublet_n with_o canvas_n back_n which_o be_v the_o most_o inconsiderable_a instance_n of_o many_o yet_o upon_o the_o whole_a he_o conclude_v with_o i_o that_o we_o be_v much_o rich_a now_o than_o we_o be_v before_o any_o law_n for_o interest_n be_v make_v and_o that_o we_o have_v grow_v rich_a since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o yet_o more_o rich_a since_o it_o be_v abate_v from_o 8_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z which_o pag._n 10._o he_o confess_v and_o pag._n 11._o he_o implicit_o confess_v and_o pag._n 14._o express_o that_o according_a to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o interest_n any_o country_n pay_v for_o money_n the_o rich_a or_o poor_a it_o be_v i_o be_o glad_a we_o be_v thus_o far_o agree_v and_o that_o my_o opposer_n be_v so_o well_o instruct_v hope_v i_o shall_v with_o the_o less_o difficulty_n persuade_v he_o to_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o the_o principle_n in_o controversy_n wherein_o as_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o will_v appear_v he_o be_v no_o great_a master_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o the_o matter_n i_o must_v tell_v the_o gentleman_n he_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o boast_v as_o to_o that_o particular_a instance_n concern_v noble_a man_n former_a mean_a clothing_n for_o what_o i_o thence_o infer_v be_v certain_o true_a as_o to_o the_o time_n i_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v of_o a_o time_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o a_o man_n then_o live_v since_o trade_n be_v introduce_v into_o this_o kingdom_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o overthrow_v by_o a_o instance_n out_o of_o those_o time_n when_o noble_a man_n keep_v multitude_n of_o retainer_n about_o 200_o year_n past_a viz._n before_o henry_n the_o 7th_n time_n and_o before_o trade_n be_v understand_v in_o england_n which_o i_o think_v be_v nothing_o to_o this_o purpose_n pag._n 1â—_n the_o gentleman_n recite_v my_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n that_o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v the_o dutch_a will_v call_v home_o their_o money_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v that_o if_o they_o shall_v it_o will_v be_v better_o for_o we_o the_o borrower_n be_v always_o a_o slave_n to_o the_o lender_n which_o he_o say_v be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o case_n of_o english_a and_o dutch_a then_o in_o that_o of_o english_a and_o english_a and_o pag._n 12._o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o say_v that_o i_o have_v discover_v my_o design_n of_o engross_a all_o trade_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o few_o rich_a merchant_n who_o have_v money_n enough_o of_o their_o own_o to_o trade_n with_o to_o the_o exclude_v all_o young_a man_n that_o want_v it_o in_o which_o two_o assertion_n i_o appeal_v to_o all_o rational_a man_n whether_o the_o gentleman_n be_v not_o in_o a_o very_a great_a error_n as_o to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o principle_n he_o discourse_v for_o if_o one_o englishman_n lend_v to_o another_o be_v the_o interest_n high_a or_o low_o between_o they_o two_o nothing_o be_v get_v or_o
a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 2._o whatever_o do_v improve_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 3._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 4._o whatever_o do_v multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 5._o whatever_o do_v incline_v the_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 6._o whatever_o do_v employ_v the_o poor_a must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 7._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o people_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n now_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o experience_n for_o certain_o anno_fw-la 1621._o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v twelve_o year_n purchase_v and_o so_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o many_o ancient_a man_n who_o i_o have_v query_v particular_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o find_v it_o so_o by_o purchase_n make_v about_o that_o time_n by_o my_o own_o relation_n and_o acquaintance_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o any_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n of_o england_n by_o only_o command_v the_o steward_n of_o their_o manor_n to_o give_v they_o list_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o farm_n that_o their_o grandfather_n or_o father_n buy_v or_o sell_v fifty_o year_n past_a will_v find_v that_o the_o same_o farm_n to_o be_v now_o sell_v will_v yield_v one_o with_o another_o at_o least_o treble_a the_o money_n and_o in_o some_o case_n six_o time_n the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o which_o i_o submit_v still_o to_o the_o single_a and_o joint_a judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o great_a owner_n of_o our_o territory_n be_v in_o their_o private_a as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n the_o 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himself_o a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a parliament_n man_n and_o dedicate_a his_o book_n to_o the_o then_o parliament_n whereof_o he_o be_v then_o a_o member_n can_v without_o horrible_a uncharitableness_n be_v presume_v to_o impose_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o now_o that_o our_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n as_o the_o same_o worthy_a author_n do_v wise_o foresee_v i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o experience_n of_o my_o country_n man_n whether_o the_o genuine_a price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n now_o will_v not_o be_v 20_o year_n purchase_v be_v it_o not_o for_o accidental_a pressure_n under_o which_o it_o labour_v at_o present_a such_o as_o these_o 1._o our_o late_a great_a land_n tax_n 2._o and_o principal_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n mention_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o that_o country_n now_o supply_v foreign_a market_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n with_o beef_n pork_n hides_n tallow_n bread_n beer_n wool_n and_o corn_n at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o the_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o those_o trade_n whereas_o former_o viz._n present_o after_o the_o late_a irish_a war_n many_o man_n get_v good_a estate_n by_o transport_v english_a cattle_n thither_o and_o that_o the_o improvement_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o our_o land_n in_o purchase_n rise_v not_o as_o natural_o they_o shall_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o our_o interest_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o effect_n the_o fall_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v upon_o house_n in_o london_n where_o the_o growth_n of_o ireland_n can_v have_v no_o such_o destructive_a influence_n which_o have_v be_v so_o considerable_a that_o whosoever_o will_v please_v to_o inform_v themselves_o by_o old_a scrivener_n or_o ancient_a deed_n shall_v find_v that_o a_o house_n in_o london_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_a that_o will_v sell_v but_o for_o 300_o l._n at_o most_o will_v ready_o sell_v within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o 5_o or_o 600_o l._n and_o the_o same_o house_n to_o be_v sell_v sometime_o after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n viz._n before_o and_o after_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n will_v have_v yield_v without_o scruple_n 1000_o or_o 1200_o l._n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v a_o double_a effect_n upon_o house_n by_o increase_a trade_n and_o consequent_o raise_v rent_n as_o well_o as_o increase_n the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v 3._o a_o three_o reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o at_o present_a bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o shall_v natural_o be_v twenty_o year_n be_v the_o late_a plague_n which_o do_v much_o depopulate_v this_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n which_o have_v engage_v man_n in_o building_n in_o the_o city_n who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v purchase_v in_o the_o country_n 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loss_n of_o use_n for_o the_o dead_a time_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o 6_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la will_v in_o effect_n take_v off_o 1_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o the_o profit_n of_o usury_n and_o consequent_o incline_v man_n more_o to_o purchase_v land_n in_o regard_n the_o difference_n between_o usury_n and_o purchase_n will_v not_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n be_v so_o great_a as_o now_o it_o be_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o casheâ—ing_n have_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o better_v the_o usurer_n trade_n 1_o or_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o this_o way_n of_o leave_v money_n with_o goldsmith_n have_v have_v the_o aforesaid_a effect_n seem_v evident_a to_o i_o from_o the_o scarcity_n it_o make_v of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_n be_v only_o in_o london_n
and_o master_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v trade_v ten_o year_n long_o if_o he_o succeed_v well_o it_o be_v six_o to_o one_o but_o he_o leave_v trade_n and_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n and_o so_o that_o profitable_a engine_n the_o wheel_n whereof_o by_o correspondency_n move_v one_o another_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o have_v be_v so_o long_o a_o frame_n within_o a_o few_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o work_v well_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n and_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o to_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v ten_o time_n more_o than_o to_o he_o that_o make_v it_o be_v lose_v whereas_o in_o holland_n and_o italy_n where_o money_n be_v at_o 3_o and_o 4._o per_fw-la cent_z and_o consequent_o merchant_n force_v to_o keep_v and_o trust_v to_o their_o trade_n only_o their_o business_n be_v and_o must_v be_v so_o order_v and_o carry_v on_o from_o the_o beginning_n that_o when_o a_o man_n die_v the_o trade_n be_v no_o more_o disturb_v then_o when_o the_o wife_n die_v in_o england_n i_o be_o ashamed_a of_o the_o odious_a prolixity_n and_o repetition_n i_o be_o contrary_a to_o my_o nature_n force_v to_o use_v but_o my_o opposer_n do_v so_o often_o and_o i_o think_v disingenuous_o upbraid_v i_o with_o beg_v the_o question_n that_o i_o be_o compel_v to_o it_o the_o four_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n if_o the_o former_a be_v true_a that_o it_o increase_v foreign_a trade_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v a_o necessary_a and_o infallible_a consequence_n of_o that_o for_o we_o see_v throughout_o the_o world_n wherever_o there_o be_v the_o great_a trade_n there_o be_v the_o most_o artificer_n and_o that_o since_o our_o own_o trade_n encreaseâ—_n in_o england_n our_o artificer_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v proportionable_o increase_v the_o building_n of_o london_n have_v make_v multitude_n of_o bricklayer_n and_o carpenter_n much_o use_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v ship_n dear_a and_o the_o dearness_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v many_o shipwright_n much_o foreign_a trade_n will_v increase_v the_o vent_n of_o our_o native_a manufacture_n and_o much_o vent_n will_v make_v many_o workman_n and_o if_o we_o can_v get_v and_o breed_v they_o fast_o enough_o ourselves_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o foreign_a part_n as_o the_o dutch_a draw_v away_o we_o it_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o true_a observation_n of_o as_o i_o remember_v sir_n walter_n raleigh_n that_o no_o nation_n can_v want_v people_n that_o have_v good_a law_n the_o five_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v that_o it_o incline_v a_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n this_o be_v likewise_o consequent_a to_o the_o former_a and_o by_o experience_n make_v good_a in_o england_n for_o since_o our_o trade_n increase_v though_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v grow_v rich_a as_o i_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o more_o splend_v in_o loathe_v plate_n jewel_n householdstuff_n and_o all_o other_o outward_a sign_n of_o riches_n yet_o be_v we_o not_o half_a so_o much_o give_v to_o hospitality_n and_o good_a housekeep_n as_o it_o be_v call_v as_o in_o former_a day_n when_o our_o great_a expense_n be_v upon_o our_o belly_n the_o most_o destructive_a consumption_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o nourish_v idleness_n luxury_n and_o beggary_n whereas_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o expense_n which_o follow_v trade_n encourage_v labour_n art_n and_o invention_n to_o which_o give_v â—â—e_z leave_v to_o add_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n conjoynt_v with_o excise_n upon_o our_o home_n consumption_n if_o the_o late_a can_v be_v hit_v upon_o without_o disturbance_n to_o trade_n or_o danger_n of_o continuation_n be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a and_o effectual_a sumptuary_n law_n that_o ever_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o nation_n and_o most_o necessitate_a and_o engage_v any_o people_n to_o thriftiness_n the_o high_a road_n to_o riches_n as_o well_o for_o nation_n as_o private_a family_n the_o frugal_a italian_n of_o old_a and_o the_o provident_a dutch_a of_o latter_a time_n i_o think_v have_v give_v the_o world_n a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o this_o theorim_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o people_n to_o be_v thrifty_a i_o answer_v all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o it_o be_v only_a law_n custom_n and_o education_n that_o differ_v man_n their_o nature_n and_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o people_n in_o the_o world_n proceed_v from_o their_o law_n the_o french_a peasantry_n be_v a_o slavish_a cowardly_a people_n because_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n have_v make_v they_o slave_n the_o french_a gentry_n a_o noble_a valiant_a people_n because_o free_a by_o law_n birth_n and_o education_n in_o england_n we_o be_v all_o free_a subject_n by_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o our_o people_n prove_v general_o courageous_a the_o dutch_a and_o italian_n be_v both_o frugal_a nation_n though_o their_o climate_n and_o government_n differ_v as_o much_o as_o any_o because_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n incline_v they_o to_o thriftiness_n other_o nation_n i_o can_v name_v be_v general_o vain_a &_o prodigal_a not_o by_o nature_n nor_o for_o want_v of_o a_o good_a country_n but_o because_o their_o law_n etc._n etc._n dispose_v they_o so_o to_o be_v the_o six_o proof_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v that_o it_o employ_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v a_o ne-necessary_a consequence_n likewise_o of_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n in_o city_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v well_o and_o true_o demonstrate_v from_o experience_n by_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n to_o who_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n seven_o it_o increase_v the_o people_n of_o a_o nation_n this_o also_o necessary_o follow_v the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n not_o that_o it_o cause_v marry_v man_n to_o get_v more_o child_n but_o 1_o st_o a_o trade_a country_n afford_v comfortable_a subsistance_n to_o more_o family_n than_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o trade_n be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o do_v marry_v who_o otherwise_o must_v be_v force_v to_o live_v single_a which_o may_v be_v one_o reason_n why_o few_o people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v to_o be_v see_v unmarried_a in_o holland_n at_o 25_o year_n of_o age_n then_o may_v be_v find_v in_o england_n at_o 40_o year_n old_a 2_o dly_z where_o there_o be_v much_o employment_n and_o good_a pay_n if_o we_o want_v hand_n of_o our_o own_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o other_o as_o have_v be_v say_v 3_o dly_z we_o shall_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n which_o otherwise_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n will_v be_v force_v to_o leave_v we_o and_o serve_v other_o nation_n as_o too_o many_o of_o our_o seaman_n shipwrights_a and_o other_o have_v do_v 4_o thly_a our_o land_n and_o trade_n be_v improve_v will_v render_v we_o capable_a not_o only_o of_o employ_v but_o feed_v a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o that_o instance_n of_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n and_o if_o these_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o abate_v interest_n than_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o kingdom_n for_o quicquid_fw-la efficit_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n now_o to_o answer_v his_o four_o recite_v reason_n viz._n first_o he_o say_v if_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o riches_n no_o country_n will_v be_v poor_a all_o desire_a riches_n rather_o than_o poverty_n and_o all_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o state_n their_o interest_n as_o low_a as_o they_o please_v by_o law_n i_o answer_v first_o whatever_o nation_n do_v it_o gradual_o for_o so_o it_o must_v be_v do_v as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o england_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_z being_n enough_o to_o abate_v at_o one_o time_n will_v find_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v but_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o age_n and_o can_v be_v do_v at_o once_o for_o nec_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la lex_fw-la operantur_fw-la per_fw-la saltum_fw-la second_o it_o be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o imagine_v that_o any_o country_n understand_v their_o true_a interest_n so_o well_o as_o by_o degree_n to_o abate_v use-money_n will_v not_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o wisdom_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o many_o other_o good_a law_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o trade_n as_o our_o parliament_n have_v still_o proceed_v to_o do_v as_o interest_n have_v be_v abate_v his_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v
that_o even_o as_o the_o world_n now_o go_v dies_fw-la diem_fw-la docet_fw-la scarce_o a_o session_n of_o parliament_n pass_v without_o make_v some_o good_a act_n for_o the_o better_n of_o trade_n and_o pare_v off_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o the_o law_n for_o which_o end_v this_o last_o session_n produce_v three_o that_o about_o the_o silk-throwsters_a that_o about_o transportation_n of_o hides_n etc._n etc._n that_o about_o writ_n of_o error_n 8._o will_v not_o the_o full_a understanding_n of_o trade_n acquire_v by_o experience_n and_o never_o want_v to_o any_o people_n that_o make_v it_o their_o constant_a business_n to_o follow_v trade_n as_o we_o must_v do_v when_o interest_n shall_v be_v at_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z quick_o bring_v we_o to_o find_v our_o advantage_n in_o permit_v all_o â—_z to_o cohabit_n trade_n and_o purchase_v land_n among_o we_o upon_o as_o easy_a term_n as_o the_o dutch_a do_v will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n by_o augment_v the_o value_n of_o land_n bring_v we_o in_o time_n to_o regular_a and_o just_a enclosement_n of_o our_o forest_n commons_o and_o waste_v and_o make_v our_o small_a river_n navigable_a the_o high_a improvement_n that_o this_o land_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o have_v not_o these_o last_o 50_o year_n since_o the_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n produce_v more_o of_o these_o profitable_a work_n then_o 200_o year_n before_o will_v not_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o law_n discover_v to_o we_o the_o vanity_n and_o opposition_n to_o â—rade_n that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o mâ—ny_n of_o our_o statute_n yet_o in_o force_n such_o as_o these_o follow_v viz._n one_a the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a as_o they_o be_v now_o use_v in_o many_o case_n more_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o honest_a dealer_n than_o the_o bankrupt_a himself_o by_o compel_a man_n often_o timâ—s_a to_o refund_v money_n â—eceived_v of_o the_o bankrupt_a for_o ware_n just_o sell_v and_o deliver_v he_o long_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o seller_n to_o discover_v the_o buyer_n to_o be_v a_o brankrupt_a two_o such_o be_v our_o law_n limit_v the_o price_n of_o beer_n and_o ale_n to_o one_o penny_n per_fw-la quartfield_n which_o bâ—r_v we_o from_o all_o improvement_n and_o imitation_n of_o foreign_a liquor_n make_v of_o corn_n common_o call_v mom_o spruce-beer_n rosteker-beer_n which_o may_v and_o be_v make_v in_o england_n and_o will_v occasion_v the_o profitable_a consumption_n of_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n of_o our_o grain_n and_o prove_v a_o great_a aâ—dition_n to_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n of_o excise_n expend_v abundance_n of_o coal_n in_o long_a boil_a of_o those_o commodity_n employ_v many_o hand_n in_o thâ—_n manufacture_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o ship_n in_o transportation_n of_o they_o not_o only_o to_o all_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n but_o to_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n three_o our_o law_n against_o engross_a corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n there_o be_v no_o person_n more_o beneficial_a to_o trade_n in_o a_o nation_n than_o engrosser_n which_o will_v be_v a_o worthy_a employment_n for_o our_o present_a usurer_n and_o render_v they_o true_o useful_a to_o their_o country_n four_o such_o be_v our_o law_n against_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n late_o repeal_v 5th_o such_o be_v the_o use_n of_o the_o law_n at_o present_a which_o take_v not_o only_o a_o custom_n but_o 15_o s._n per_fw-la tun_n excise_n on_o strong_a beer_n export_v be_v the_o same_o rate_v it_o pay_v when_o spend_v at_o home_n contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o trade_a country_n six_o such_o be_v our_o law_n which_o charge_v sea-coal_n or_o any_o of_o our_o native_a provision_n export_v with_o custom_n viz._n beef_n pork_n bread_n beer_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o i_o think_v in_o prudence_n the_o door_n shall_v be_v open_v wide_a to_o let_v they_o out_o seven_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v our_o law_n impose_v a_o great_a duty_n upon_o our_o horse_n mare_n and_o nag_n export_v 8._o such_o in_o my_o weak_a opinion_n be_v that_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n that_o none_o shall_v use_v any_o manual_a occupation_n except_o he_o have_v be_v appretince_n to_o the_o same_o 9th_o such_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o law_n which_o yet_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n for_o since_o it_o be_v now_o by_o consent_n of_o parliament_n agree_v and_o find_v by_o experience_n of_o all_o understand_a man_n to_o be_v advantageous_a for_o this_o kingdom_n to_o permit_v the_o free_a exportation_n of_o bullion_n i_o think_v it_o be_v better_o for_o we_o that_o our_o own_o coin_n may_v likewise_o be_v free_o export_v because_o by_o what_o of_o that_o go_v out_o we_o shall_v gain_v the_o manufacture_n the_o coin_v beside_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o note_n of_o magnificency_n it_o will_v be_v to_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o kingdom_n to_o have_v his_o majesty_n coin_n currant_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n 10th_o such_o be_v all_o by-law_n use_v among_o the_o society_n of_o cooper_n &_o other_o artificer_n limit_v master_n to_o keep_v but_o one_o apprentice_n at_o a_o time_n whereas_o it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o public_a they_o be_v permit_v to_o keep_v ten_o if_o they_o can_v or_o will_v maintain_v or_o employ_v they_o 11th_o such_o seem_v to_o be_v many_o of_o our_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o poor_a especial_o those_o against_o inmate_n in_o city_n &_o trade_a town_n and_o those_o oblige_a parish_n to_o maintain_v their_o own_o poor_a only_o page_n 23._o and_o 24._o the_o gentleman_n make_v a_o large_a repetition_n of_o what_o he_o have_v say_v before_o wherein_o i_o observe_v nothing_o new_a but_o that_o he_o say_v the_o east-india-company_n have_v money_n at_o 4._o per_fw-la cent_n only_o because_o man_n may_v have_v their_o money_n out_o when_o they_o please_v which_o be_v a_o mistake_n though_o a_o small_a one_o for_o the_o company_n seldom_o or_o never_o take_v up_o money_n but_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n though_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o generous_a company_n will_v and_o do_v at_o most_o time_n accommodate_v any_o person_n with_o his_o money_n before_o due_a that_o have_v occasion_n to_o require_v such_o a_o kindness_n of_o they_o although_o they_o oblige_v not_o themselves_o to_o do_v it_o in_o this_o ten_o particular_a at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o page_n 24._o he_o say_v i_o be_o mistake_v in_o my_o assertion_n of_o the_o interest_n of_o scotland_n which_o upon_o further_a enquiry_n among_o the_o scotch_a merchant_n upon_o the_o exchange_n i_o be_o tell_v be_v his_o own_o mistake_n so_o i_o must_v leave_v that_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o those_o that_o know_v that_o country_n and_o its_o law_n more_o and_o better_a then_o either_o of_o we_o last_o he_o conclude_v that_o whilst_o i_o say_v the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v so_o natural_o prepare_v for_o a_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o it_o can_v be_v long_o obstruct_v i_o propound_v a_o law_n to_o anticipate_v nature_n which_o be_v against_o reason_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o grandfather_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o what_o it_o will_v bear_v in_o their_o time_n and_o our_o father_n find_v the_o good_a effect_n of_o that_o and_o bring_v it_o low_o and_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o be_v since_o manifest_v to_o we_o by_o the_o success_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o matter_n will_v now_o bear_v further_a abatement_n it_o be_v reasonable_a for_o we_o to_o follow_v that_o excellent_a example_n of_o our_o ancestor_n law_n against_o nature_n i_o grant_v will_v be_v ineffectual_a but_o i_o never_o hear_v before_o that_o law_n to_o help_v nature_n be_v against_o reason_n touch_v the_o gentleman_n personal_a reflection_n upon_o i_o i_o shall_v say_v little_a it_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o what_o i_o have_v write_v and_o his_o answer_n that_o i_o be_o a_o advocate_n for_o industry_n he_o for_o idleness_n it_o appear_v likewise_o to_o those_o that_o know_v i_o in_o london_n which_o be_v many_o that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o design_v to_o engrose_v trade_n that_o i_o be_o hasten_v to_o convert_v what_o i_o can_v of_o my_o small_a estate_n that_o be_v personal_a into_o real_a suppose_v it_o to_o be_v my_o interest_n so_o to_o do_v before_o thâ—_n usâ—_n of_o money_n fall_v which_o i_o conclude_v can_v long_o suspend_v and_o that_o then_o land_n and_o house_n must_v rise_v and_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v appear_v when_o this_o gentleman_n be_v as_o well_o know_v as_o i_o be_o that_o he_o be_v more_o a_o usurer_n than_o a_o owner_n of_o land_n or_o manager_n of_o trade_n at_o present_a my_o end_n have_v only_o be_v to_o serve_v my_o country_n which_o i_o can_v with_o a_o sincere_a heart_n declare_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n and_o man_n and_o that_o nothing_o else_o can_v
the_o turkey_n hambrough_n muscovia_n and_o eastland_n company_n ever_o purchase_v their_o privilege_n or_o build_v and_o maintain_v fort_n castle_n or_o factory_n or_o make_v any_o war_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n but_o i_o know_v the_o turkey_n company_n do_v maintain_v a_o ambassador_n and_o two_o consul_n and_o be_v sometime_o necessitate_v to_o make_v present_n to_o the_o grand_a senior_n or_o his_o great_a officer_n and_o the_o hambrough_n company_n be_v at_o some_o charge_n to_o maintain_v their_o deputy_n and_o minister_n at_o hambrough_n and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v great_a injustice_n that_o any_o shall_v trade_v to_o the_o place_n within_o their_o charter_n without_o pay_v the_o same_o duty_n or_o leviation_n towards_o the_o company_n charge_v as_o the_o present_a adventurer_n do_v pay_v but_o i_o know_v not_o why_o any_o shall_v be_v bar_v from_o trade_v to_o those_o place_n or_o force_v to_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a for_o admission_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o company_n duty_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o company_n regulation_n and_o order_n in_o other_o respect_n obj._n 6._o if_o all_o may_v be_v admit_v as_o aforesaid_a than_o such_o number_n of_o shopkeeper_n and_o other_o will_v come_v into_o the_o society_n of_o merchant_n as_o will_v by_o the_o majority_n of_o vote_n so_o much_o alter_v the_o governor_n deputy_n and_o assistant_n of_o the_o respective_a company_n that_o ignorant_a person_n will_v come_v into_o those_o roll_a place_n to_o the_o general_a prejudice_n of_o those_o trade_n i_o answer_v those_o that_o make_v this_o objection_n if_o they_o be_v merchant_n know_v there_o be_v very_o little_a in_o it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o twenty_o shopkeeper_n will_v come_v into_o any_o one_o company_n in_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o can_v have_v no_o considerable_a influence_n upon_o the_o election_n but_o if_o many_o more_o shall_v come_v in_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o the_o worse_a for_o the_o company_n for_o that_o all_o man_n be_v lead_v by_o their_o interest_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o all_o that_o engage_v in_o any_o trade_n that_o the_o trade_n shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o govern_v by_o wise_a honest_a and_o able_a man_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o most_o mâ—n_z will_v vote_n for_o such_o as_o they_o esteem_v so_o to_o be_v which_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o east-india-company_n where_o neither_o gentleman_n nor_o shopkeepers_a be_v at_o first_o exclude_v neither_o be_v they_o yet_o keep_v out_o any_o englishman_n whatsoever_o be_v permit_v to_o come_v into_o that_o company_n that_o will_v buy_v a_o action_n pay_v only_o five_o pound_n to_o the_o company_n for_o his_o admission_n and_o yet_o undeniable_a experience_n have_v convince_v all_o gainsayers_a in_o this_o matter_n that_o company_n since_o its_o have_v have_v so_o large_a and_o national_a a_o foundation_n have_v likewise_o have_v a_o succession_n of_o much_o better_a governor_n deputy_n and_o assistant_n then_o ever_o it_o have_v upon_o that_o narrow_a bottom_n it_o stand_v former_o when_o none_o can_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o freedom_n of_o that_o company_n for_o less_o than_o a_o fine_a of_o fifty_o pound_n and_o the_o success_n have_v be_v answerable_a for_o the_o first_o company_n settle_v upon_o that_o narrow_a limit_v interest_n although_o their_o stock_n be_v large_a than_o this_o decay_a and_o final_o come_v to_o ruin_v and_o destruction_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o be_v settle_v on_o more_o rational_a and_o consequent_o more_o just_a as_o well_o as_o more_o profitable_a principle_n have_v through_o god_n goodness_n thrive_v and_o increase_v to_o the_o treble_v of_o their_o first_o stock_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n though_o this_o act_n be_v by_o most_o conclude_v a_o very_a beneficial_a act_n for_o this_o kingdom_n especial_o by_o the_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n and_o by_o all_o seaman_n yet_o some_o there_o be_v both_o wise_a and_o honest_a gentleman_n and_o merchant_n that_o doubt_n whether_o the_o inconvenience_n it_o have_v bring_v with_o it_o be_v not_o great_a than_o the_o conveniency_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o relation_n to_o trade_n ship_n profit_n and_o power_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o most_o prudent_a act_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v in_o england_n and_o without_o which_o we_o have_v not_o now_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ship_n nor_o trade_n nor_o employ_v one_o half_a of_o the_o seaman_n which_o we_o do_v at_o present_a but_o see_v time_n have_v discover_v some_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o if_o not_o defect_n which_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o easy_a amendment_n and_o see_a that_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v not_o approve_v by_o unanimous_a consent_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o discourse_v a_o little_a concern_v it_o wherein_z after_o my_o plain_a method_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o such_o objection_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o and_o subjoin_v my_o answer_n with_o such_o reason_n as_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o objection_n against_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v such_o as_o these_o object_n 1._o some_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o i_o on_o all_o occasion_n magnify_v the_o dutch_a policy_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o dutch_a have_v no_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v certain_o not_o always_o in_o the_o right_n as_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o their_o true_a interest_n in_o trade_n or_o else_o we_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n in_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o be_o yet_o to_o be_v inform_v where_o the_o dutch_a have_v miss_v their_o proper_a interest_n in_o trade_n but_o that_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o one_o nation_n to_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o their_o trade_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o all_o no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o policy_n be_v necessary_a to_o a_o prevail_a army_n that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n to_o a_o army_n of_o less_o force_n then_o to_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v their_o enemy_n at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o dutch_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a stock_n low_a interest_n multitude_n of_o merchant_n and_o ship_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o trade_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n to_o build_v castle_n fortress_n and_o place_n of_o retreat_n such_o i_o account_v law_n of_o limitation_n and_o secure_v of_o particular_a trade_n to_o the_o native_n of_o any_o kingdom_n because_o they_o viz._n the_o dutch_a may_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o no_o nation_n can_v enter_v in_o common_a with_o they_o in_o any_o trade_n to_o gain_v bread_n by_o it_o while_o their_o own_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z and_z other_o at_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o upward_o etc._n etc._n whereas_o if_o we_o shall_v suffer_v their_o ship_n in_o common_a with_o we_o in_o those_o trade_n which_o be_v secure_v to_o the_o english_a by_o act_n of_o navigation_n they_o must_v necessary_o in_o a_o few_o year_n for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a eat_v we_o quite_o out_o of_o they_o object_n 2._o the_o second_o objection_n to_o the_o whole_a aâ—t_n be_v some_o will_v confess_v that_o as_o to_o merchant_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n the_o aâ—t_n of_o navigation_n be_v eminent_o beneficial_a but_o say_v that_o merchant_n and_o owner_n be_v but_o a_o inconsiderable_a number_n of_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o interest_n of_o the_o great_a number_n that_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o we_o at_o the_o best_a rate_n and_o foreign_a commodity_n sell_v we_o at_o the_o cheap_a with_o admission_n of_o dutch_a merchant_n and_o ship_n in_o common_a with_o the_o english_a by_o my_o own_o implication_n will_v effect_v my_o answer_n be_v that_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o this_o may_v be_v true_a if_o the_o present_a profit_n of_o the_o generality_n be_v bare_o and_o single_o consider_v but_o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o island_n the_o defence_n whereof_o have_v always_o be_v our_o ship_n and_o seaman_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o profit_n and_o power_n ought_v joint_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o if_o so_o i_o think_v none_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n have_v and_o do_v occasion_n building_n and_o employ_v of_o three_o time_n the_o number_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n that_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v or_o will_v do_v and_o that_o consequent_o if_o our_o force_n at_o sea_n be_v so_o great_o impair_v it_o will_v expose_v we_o to_o the_o receive_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o injury_n and_o affront_v fâ—om_o our_o neighbour_n and_o in_o conclusion_n render_v we_o a_o despicable_a and_o miserable_a people_n objection_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o
act_n of_o navigation_n object_n 1._o the_o inhabitant_n and_o planter_n of_o our_o plantation_n in_o america_n say_v this_o act_n will_v in_o time_n ruin_v their_o plantation_n if_o they_o may_v not_o be_v permit_v at_o least_o to_o carry_v their_o sugar_n to_o the_o best_a market_n and_o not_o be_v compel_v to_o send_v all_o to_o and_o receive_v all_o commodity_n from_o england_n i_o answer_v if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n the_o benefit_n of_o they_o will_v be_v whole_o lose_v to_o the_o nation_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o dutch_a dane_n french_a spaniard_n portugal_n and_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n to_o keep_v their_o external_a province_n and_o colony_n in_o a_o subjection_n unto_o and_o dependency_n upon_o their_o mother-kingdom_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v so_o the_o dutch_a who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o trade_n will_v carry_v away_o the_o great_a of_o advantage_n by_o the_o plantation_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o christendom_n leave_v we_o and_o other_o only_o the_o trouble_n of_o breed_a man_n and_o send_v they_o abroad_o to_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n and_o have_v bread_n for_o their_o industry_n here_o by_o the_o way_n with_o entire_a submission_n to_o the_o great_a wisdom_n of_o those_o who_o it_o much_o more_o concern_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o query_n whether_o instead_o of_o the_o late_a prohibition_n of_o irish_a cattle_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v more_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o suffer_v the_o irish_a to_o bring_v into_o england_n not_o only_o their_o live_a cattle_n but_o also_o all_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n or_o manufacture_n of_o that_o kingdom_n custom_n free_a or_o on_o easy_a custom_n and_o to_o prohibit_v they_o from_o trading_n homeward_o or_o outward_a with_o the_o dutch_a or_o our_o own_o plantation_n or_o any_o other_o place_n except_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n most_o certain_o such_o a_o law_n will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n wonderful_o increase_v the_o trade_n ship_n and_o riches_n of_o this_o nation_n query_n 2._o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o much_o increase_v the_o employment_n of_o english_a ship_n and_o seaman_n as_o well_o in_o bring_v from_o thence_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n as_o supply_v that_o country_n with_o deal_v salt_n and_o all_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o now_o they_o have_v from_o the_o dutch_a que._n 3._o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o mean_n effectual_o to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o irish_a wool_n which_o now_o go_v frequent_o into_o france_n and_o holland_n to_o the_o manifest_a and_o great_a damage_n both_o of_o england_n and_o ireland_n que._n 4_o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o fortress_n or_o law_n to_o secure_v to_o we_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o ireland_n que._n 5._o will_v not_o this_o render_v that_o which_o now_o diminish_v and_o seem_v dangerous_a to_o the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o england_n viz._n the_o growth_n of_o ireland_n advantageous_a by_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o ship_n and_o consequent_o the_o power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n object_n 2._o the_o second_o ojection_n to_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n be_v usual_o make_v by_o the_o eastland_n and_o norway_n merchant_n who_o affirm_v that_o in_o effect_v their_o trade_n be_v much_o decline_v since_o the_o pass_a the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o the_o dane_n sweed_n holstener_n and_o all_o easterling_n who_o by_o the_o say_a act_n may_v â—mport_v timber_n and_o other_o eastern_a commodity_n have_v increase_v in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o ship_n employ_v in_o this_o trade_n since_o our_o act_n of_o navigation_n at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n and_o the_o english_a have_v proportionable_o decline_v in_o the_o number_n of_o they_o employ_v in_o that_o trade_n i_o answer_v that_o i_o believe_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n assert_v be_v true_a as_o well_o as_o the_o cause_n assign_v viz._n the_o act_n of_o navigation_n and_o yet_o this_o shall_v not_o make_v we_o out_o of_o love_n with_o that_o excellent_a law_n rather_o lâ—t_v it_o put_v we_o upon_o contrive_v the_o amendment_n of_o this_o seem_a defect_n or_o inconvenience_n the_o cure_n whereof_o i_o hope_v upon_o mature_a consideration_n will_v not_o be_v find_v difficult_a for_o which_o i_o humble_o propound_v to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n viz._n that_o a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o impose_v a_o custom_n of_o at_o least_o 50_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z on_o all_o eastland_n commodity_n timber_n board_n pipe-stave_n and_o salt_n import_v into_o england_n and_o ireland_n upon_o any_o ship_n but_o english_a build_v ship_n or_o at_o least_o such_o only_a as_o be_v sail_v with_o a_o english_a masteâ—_n and_o at_o least_o three_o fourth_n english_a mariner_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n reas._n first_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v the_o dane_n sweede_n and_o easterling_n will_v certain_o in_o a_o few_o year_n carry_v the_o whole_a trade_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o chaâ—ge_n of_o build_v a_o ship_n fit_a for_o that_o trade_n there_o or_o here_o viz._n a_o flyboat_n of_o 300_o tun_n new_o build_v and_o set_v to_o sea_n for_o such_o a_o voyage_n may_v cost_v there_o 13_o or_o 1400_o l._n which_o here_o will_v cost_v from_o 22_o to_o 2400_o l._n which_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o disproportion_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o english_a man_n to_o cope_v with_o a_o dane_n in_o that_o navigation_n under_o such_o a_o discouragement_n to_o balance_v which_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o stranger_n duty_n which_o the_o dane_n now_o pay_v which_o may_v come_v to_o 5_o or_o 6_o l_o per_fw-la ship_n per_fw-la voyage_n at_o most_o one_o with_o another_o which_o be_v incompitable_a with_o the_o difference_n of_o price_n between_o the_o first_o cost_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o either_o nation_n and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o those_o trade_n that_o beside_o the_o decrease_n of_o our_o sâ—iping_a and_o increase_n of_o they_o that_o have_v already_o happen_v we_o in_o probability_n have_v beeâ—_n whoâ—y_o beat_v out_o of_o the_o trade_n and_o only_o dane_n and_o easterling_n freight_v have_v we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o build_v english_a ship_n and_o have_v not_o be_v recruit_v on_o moderate_a pâ—ices_n by_o fly-boat_n be_v ship_n proper_a for_o this_o trade_n take_v in_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n and_o by_o a_o further_a supply_n of_o scotch_a prize_n likewise_o through_o his_o majesty_n permission_n and_o indulgence_n reas._n 2._o because_o the_o number_n of_o stranger_n ship_n employ_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a trade_n yearly_o i_o estimtae_fw-la to_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v must_v unavoidable_o be_v all_o exclude_v and_o the_o employment_n fall_v whole_o into_o english_a hand_n which_o will_v be_v a_o excellent_a nursery_n and_o give_v constant_a maintenance_n to_o a_o brave_a number_n of_o english_a seaman_n more_o than_o we_o can_v or_o do_v employ_v at_o present_a reas._o 3_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n be_v now_o of_o seventeen_o or_o eighteen_o year_n stand_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o in_o all_o these_o year_n not_o one_o english_a ship_n have_v be_v build_v fit_a for_o this_o trade_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v that_o before_o mention_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v cheap_a freight_v of_o dane_n and_o easterlin_n and_o it_o be_v so_o and_o all_o man_n natural_o lead_v by_o their_o profit_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o in_o vain_a to_o expect_v that_o ever_o this_o law_n will_v procure_v the_o build_n of_o one_o english_a ship_n fit_a for_o that_o employment_n till_o those_o stranger_n be_v exclude_v this_o trade_n for_o england_n and_o much_o more_o improbable_a it_o be_v that_o any_o shall_v now_o be_v build_v than_o it_o be_v former_o when_o the_o act_n be_v first_o make_v because_o timber_n be_v now_o at_o almost_o double_a the_o price_n in_o england_n it_o be_v then_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o if_o timely_a provision_n be_v not_o make_v by_o some_o additional_a law_n when_o our_o old_a stock_n of_o flemish_a prize_n be_v wear_v out_o as_o many_o of_o they_o be_v already_o we_o shall_v have_v very_o few_o or_o no_o ship_n in_o this_o trade_n the_o objection_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v make_v to_o this_o proposition_n be_v viz._n object_n 1._o if_o such_o a_o imposition_n be_v lay_v on_o those_o gross_a commodity_n import_v by_o stranger_n ship_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o the_o exclude_v all_o stranger_n from_o this_o trade_n we_o shall_v want_v ship_n in_o england_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o trade_n and_o so_o the_o commodity_n
woolfels_n etc._n etc._n notwithstanding_o which_v we_o see_v that_o english_a and_o irish_a wool_n go_v over_o so_o plentiful_o that_o it_o be_v within_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n as_o cheap_a in_o holland_n as_o in_o england_n the_o mean_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a by_o additional_a penal_a law_n and_o alteration_n of_o some_o of_o those_o now_o in_o be_v be_v long_o under_o debate_n by_o his_o majesty_n command_n in_o the_o council_n of_o trade_n who_o according_a to_o their_o duty_n take_v great_a pain_n therein_o and_o since_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v under_o consideration_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o due_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v some_o more_o effectual_a law_n enact_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o well_o in_o relation_n to_o ireland_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a of_o this_o mischief_n proceed_v as_o in_o england_n then_o ever_o yet_o have_v be_v yet_o i_o do_v utter_o despair_v of_o ever_o see_v this_o disease_n perfect_o cure_v till_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v remove_v which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v one_a height_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n which_o a_o abatement_n by_o law_n to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v cure_v two_o want_v of_o hand_n which_o a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n will_v cure_v three_o compulsion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n which_o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n i_o hope_v will_v effectual_o cure_v for_o while_o our_o neighbour_n through_o the_o cheap_a valuation_n of_o their_o stock_n can_v afford_v to_o trade_n and_o disburse_v their_o money_n for_o less_o profit_n than_o we_o as_o have_v be_v i_o think_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n and_o have_v more_o hand_n to_o employ_v than_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n they_o give_v both_o to_o native_n and_o foreigner_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o better_a price_n for_o our_o wool_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v ourselves_o and_o they_o that_o can_v give_v the_o best_a price_n for_o a_o commodity_n shall_v never_o fail_v to_o have_v it_o by_o one_o mean_n or_o other_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o any_o law_n or_o interposition_n of_o any_o power_n by_o sea_n or_o land_n of_o such_o force_n subtlety_n and_o violence_n be_v the_o general_a course_n of_o trade_n object_n but_o some_o may_v say_v and_o take_v it_o as_o well_o from_o what_o i_o have_v write_v elsewhere_o as_o from_o their_o own_o observation_n will_v not_o the_o well-making_a of_o our_o woollen-manufacture_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o our_o wool_n natural_o within_o our_o own_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v doubtless_o it_o will_v have_v a_o great_a tendency_n thereunto_o but_o can_v never_o effect_v it_o till_o the_o aforesaid_a radical_a cause_n of_o this_o disease_n be_v remove_v which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o next_o question_n viz._n what_o will_v improve_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n in_o quality_n and_o quantity_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n and_o require_v very_o deliberate_a and_o serious_a consideration_n but_o i_o shall_v write_v my_o present_a thought_n concern_v it_o desire_v those_o gentleman_n pardon_n from_o who_o i_o may_v differ_v in_o opinion_n have_v this_o to_o say_v for_o myself_o that_o i_o do_v it_o not_o rash_o this_o be_v a_o business_n that_o i_o have_v many_o year_n consider_v of_o and_o that_o not_o solitary_o but_o upon_o converse_n with_o the_o most_o skilful_a man_n in_o our_o several_a english_a woollen_a manufacture_n 1._o then_o i_o say_v those_o three_o forementioned_a particular_n which_o will_v natural_o keep_v our_o wool_n at_o home_n will_v as_o natural_o increase_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n 2._o negative_o i_o think_v that_o very_o few_o of_o our_o law_n now_o in_o force_n to_o this_o purpose_n though_o our_o statute-book_n be_v replenish_v with_o many_o have_v any_o tendency_n thereunto_o nor_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v yet_o see_v in_o print_n for_o 1_o st_o all_z our_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o aulnegeor_n duty_n every_o body_n know_v signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o increase_n or_o well-making_a our_o manufacture_n but_o be_v rather_o chargeable_a and_o prejudicial_a 2_o dly_z all_o our_o law_n that_o oblige_v our_o people_n to_o the_o make_n of_o strong_a substantial_a and_o as_o we_o call_v it_o loyal_a cloth_n of_o a_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o weight_n if_o they_o be_v due_o put_v in_o execution_n will_v in_o my_o opinion_n do_v more_o hurt_n than_o good_a because_o the_o humour_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o world_n change_n and_o at_o sometime_o in_o some_o place_n as_o now_o in_o most_o slight_a cheap_a light_a cloth_n will_v sell_v more_o plentiful_o and_o better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v heavy_a strong_a and_o true_a wrought_v and_o if_o we_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n we_o must_v imitate_v the_o dutch_a who_o make_v the_o worst_a as_o well_o as_o the_o best_a of_o all_o manufacture_n that_o we_o may_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o serve_v all_o market_n and_o all_o humour_n 3_o dly_z i_o conclude_v all_o our_o law_n limit_v the_o number_n of_o loom_n number_v or_o kind_n of_o servant_n and_o time_n of_o work_v to_o be_v certain_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o clothing_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n though_o they_o be_v advantageous_a to_o some_o particular_a man_n or_o place_n who_o first_o procure_v those_o law_n of_o restriction_n and_o limitation_n 4_o thly_a i_o think_v all_o those_o law_n be_v prejudicial_a that_o prohibit_v a_o weaver_n from_o be_v a_o full_a tucker_n or_o dyar_n or_o a_o full_a or_o tucker_n from_o keep_v a_o loom_n 5_o thly_a i_o conculde_v that_o stretch_n of_o cloth_n by_o tentor_n though_o it_o be_v sometime_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o cloth_n be_v yet_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o strain_v can_v be_v certain_o limit_v by_o any_o law_n but_o must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o seller_n or_o exporter_n discretion_n who_o best_o know_v what_o will_v please_v his_o customer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o if_o we_o shall_v whole_o prohibit_v strain_v of_o cloth_n the_o dutch_a as_o they_o have_v often_o do_v will_v buy_v our_o unstrain_a cloth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o holland_n and_o there_o strain_v it_o to_o six_o or_o seven_o yard_n per_fw-la piece_n more_o in_o length_n and_o make_v it_o look_v a_o little_a better_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o after_o that_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o turkey_n and_o other_o market_n and_o there_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o trade_n with_o our_o own_o weapon_n but_o some_o may_v then_o ask_v i_o whether_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n to_o leave_v all_o man_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v what_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v they_o please_v how_o they_o will_v where_o and_o when_o they_o will_v of_o any_o length_n or_o size_n i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v so_o except_o such_o species_n only_o as_o his_o majesty_n &_o the_o parliament_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v staple_n as_o suppose_v colchester_n bayeâ—_n perpetuanoes_n cheanye_n and_o some_o other_o sort_n of_o norwich_n stuff_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a seal_n by_o which_o to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v here_o and_o beyond_o sea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o public_a faith_n of_o england_n and_o wherever_o such_o seal_n be_v allow_v or_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v affix_v to_o any_o commodity_n i_o will_v desire_v the_o commodity_n shall_v be_v exact_o make_v according_a to_o the_o institution_n and_o always_o keep_v to_o its_o certain_a length_n breadth_n and_o goodness_n but_o in_o case_n any_o shall_v make_v of_o the_o say_a commodity_n worse_a than_o the_o institution_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v most_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n to_o impose_v no_o penalty_n upon_o they_o but_o only_o deny_v they_o the_o benefit_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o public_a seal_n to_o such_o bay_n or_o stuff_n as_o shall_v be_v so_o insufficient_a which_o in_o my_o opinion_n will_v be_v punishment_n enough_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v make_v worse_o than_o the_o standard_n and_o advantage_n enough_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v keep_v to_o it_o 2._o for_o all_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v not_o be_v make_v staples_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n that_o the_o maker_n do_v weave_v in_o their_o mark_n and_o affix_v their_o own_o seal_n contain_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o piece_n as_o have_v be_v provide_v in_o some_o statute_n and_o that_o no_o maker_n under_o severe_a penalty_n shall_v use_v another_o mark_n or_o seal_n with_o such_o penalty_n to_o every_o marker_n or_o seller_n who_o cloth_n or_o stuff_n shall_v
poor_a condition_n the_o reason_n whereof_o to_o i_o seem_v clear_o to_o be_v because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a great_a trade_n be_v take_v up_o at_o interest_n and_o consequent_o own_v by_o londoner_n and_o other_o absentee_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o this_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o case_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o the_o notion_n of_o take_v the_o balance_n this_o way_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o under_o all_o circumstance_n without_o exception_n true_a &_o good_a for_o in_o case_n the_o trade_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o absentees_n than_o the_o supposition_n upon_o which_o this_o notion_n be_v ground_v viz._n that_o when_o the_o export_n over_o balance_n the_o import_v the_o surplusage_n be_v return_v into_o england_n in_o bulloin_n will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n and_o the_o contrary_n will_v be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o surplusage_n will_v be_v convey_v into_o foreign_a part_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o such_o absentee_n 2._o the_o second_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o illustrate_v be_v that_o this_o rule_n bare_o consider_v be_v fallible_a and_o erroneous_a as_o to_o particular_a and_o distinct_a trade_n this_o will_v appear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o a_o true_a measure_n of_o any_o particular_a trade_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n or_o loss_n of_o the_o nation_n thereby_o can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o such_o trade_n in_o itself_o single_o but_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o reference_n and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o general_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o place_n to_o which_o little_a of_o our_o english_a manufacture_n be_v export_v and_o yet_o the_o commodity_n we_o have_v from_o thence_o may_v be_v so_o necessary_a to_o the_o carry_v on_o our_o trade_n in_o general_n or_o some_o other_o particular_a trade_n that_o without_o they_o the_o nation_n will_v great_o decline_v and_o decay_v in_o trade_n now_o in_o this_o case_n if_o we_o shall_v measure_v such_o a_o particular_a trade_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a notion_n of_o the_o balance_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o import_v abundant_o exceed_v the_o export_n and_o so_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v against_o such_o a_o trade_n as_o destructive_a whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v in_o truth_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a beneficial_a trade_n and_o to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n the_o import_v from_o whence_o be_v certain_o many_o time_n the_o value_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v thither_o and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o trade_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o kingdom_n not_o only_o because_o it_o give_v or_o will_v give_v employment_n to_o two_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o sail_n of_o english_a ship_n if_o we_o do_v a_o little_a mend_v our_o act_n of_o navigation_n but_o principal_o because_o the_o commodity_n import_v from_o thence_o as_o timber_n pitch_n deal_v and_o tar_n be_v of_o such_o necessary_a use_n in_o order_n to_o the_o building_n and_o supply_v our_o ship_n that_o without_o they_o other_o trade_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o the_o honourable_a east-india_n company_n but_o they_o import_v much_o more_o good_n into_o england_n than_o they_o export_v &_o that_o to_o purchase_v the_o same_o they_o carry_v out_o quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n annual_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n will_v affirm_v that_o england_n lose_v by_o that_o trade_n the_o dutch_a with_o good_a reason_n esteem_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o east-indies_n more_o profitable_a to_o they_o than_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o america_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o if_o the_o english_a company_n be_v vest_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o the_o dutch_a have_v and_o thereby_o encourage_v to_o drive_v as_o full_a a_o trade_n thither_o as_o the_o dutch_a do_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v so_o not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o private_a gain_n of_o the_o member_n of_o that_o company_n as_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o general_a however_o as_o it_o be_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o beneficial_a trade_n this_o nation_n drive_v at_o present_a for_o 1_o st_o that_o trade_n constant_o employ_v twenty_o five_o to_o thirty_o sail_n of_o the_o most_o warlike_a ship_n in_o england_n with_o sixty_o to_o a_o hundred_o man_n in_o each_o ship_n and_o may_v in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n more_o employ_v a_o great_a number_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n that_o company_n have_v late_o unconstrained_a give_v considerable_a encouragement_n for_o the_o build_n of_o great_a ship_n which_o have_v have_v good_a effect_n 2_o dly_z it_o supply_v the_o nation_n constant_o and_o full_o with_o that_o in_o this_o age_n necessary_a material_a of_o salt-petre_n 3_o dly_z it_o employ_v the_o nation_n for_o its_o consumption_n with_o pepper_n indigo_n calico_n and_o several_a useful_a drug_n near_o the_o value_n of_o 150000_o l._n to_o 180000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 4_o thly_a it_o furnish_v we_o with_o pepper_n cowrye_n long-cloth_n and_o other_o calico_n and_o paint_a stuff_n proper_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o turkey_n italy_n spain_n france_n and_o guiny_n to_o the_o amount_v of_o 2_o or_o 300000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la most_o of_o which_o trade_n we_o can_v not_o carry_v on_o with_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n but_o for_o those_o supply_n and_o these_o good_n export_v do_v produce_v in_o foreign_a part_n to_o be_v return_v to_o england_n six_o time_n the_o treasure_n in_o specie_fw-la that_o the_o company_n export_v from_o hence_o now_o if_o not_o only_o the_o aforesaid_a advantage_n be_v serious_o consider_v but_o also_o what_o detriment_n the_o nation_n will_v sustain_v if_o we_o be_v deprive_v of_o those_o supply_n both_o in_o point_n of_o strength_n and_o warlike_a provision_n in_o regard_n of_o ship_n and_o salt-petre_n but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o furtherance_n it_o give_v to_o many_o other_o trade_n beforementioned_a it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o this_o trade_n though_o its_o import_v exceed_v its_o export_n be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a trade_n to_o england_n and_o deserve_v all_o encouragement_n for_o be_v we_o to_o buy_v all_o our_o pepper_n and_o calico_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o dutch_a they_o will_v raise_v our_o pepper_n which_o now_o stand_v the_o nation_n but_o about_o 3_o d._n per_fw-la pound_n in_o india_n to_o or_o near_o the_o proportion_n which_o they_o have_v advance_v on_o nutmeg_n clove_n and_o mace_n which_o cost_v the_o dutch_a not_o much_o more_o per_fw-mi pound_n in_o india_n than_o pepper_n since_o they_o engross_v the_o trade_n for_o those_o commodity_n and_o the_o use_n of_o callico_n in_o england_n will_v be_v supply_v by_o foreign_a linen_n at_o great_a price_n so_o that_o what_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o this_o nation_n be_v consumption_n will_v in_o probability_n cost_v they_o above_o 400000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o now_o it_o do_v and_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o italy_n guiny_n etc._n etc._n will_v in_o part_n decay_n for_o want_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a supply_n there_o be_v another_o notion_n concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n which_o i_o think_v not_o impertinent_a here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o nation_n get_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o general_a by_o its_o foregoing_a trade_n be_v to_o take_v a_o inspection_n into_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o above_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n we_o not_o only_o lose_v by_o such_o exchange_n but_o the_o same_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o we_o lose_v by_o the_o general_a course_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o that_o we_o require_v more_o supply_n of_o commodity_n from_o abroad_o than_o our_o export_n in_o good_n do_v serve_v to_o purchase_v and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o when_o once_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z above_o the_o true_a value_n of_o foreign_a money_n our_o treasure_n will_v be_v carry_v out_o whatever_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o below_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n it_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o our_o export_n do_v in_o value_n exceed_v what_o we_o require_v from_o abroad_o and_o so_o if_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o
accept_v of_o my_o good_a affection_n to_o my_o country_n herein_o though_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o that_o full_a satisfaction_n he_o may_v expect_v and_o wish_v for_o the_o method_n i_o propose_v for_o the_o further_o answer_v of_o this_o great_a question_n be_v follow_v my_o own_o principle_n that_o if_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o much_o english_a ship_n employ_v it_o will_v be_v good_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n whatever_o it_o may_v be_v for_o private_a merchant_n first_o to_o lay_v down_o some_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n in_o eâ—gland_n and_o then_o some_o way_n of_o reduce_v those_o general_a rule_n into_o use_n and_o practice_n the_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o many_o 1._o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n 2._o increase_v stock_n in_o trade_n 3._o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o ncessary_a i._n e._n make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 4._o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o to_o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n the_o follow_a particular_n will_v much_o contribute_v one_a a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n beforementioned_a 2._o some_o enlargement_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o society_n of_o merchant_n as_o before-limitted_n 3._o a_o more_o easy_a and_o free_a admission_n of_o inhabitant_n merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v burgher_n of_o our_o city_n and_o bourough_n 4._o not_o to_o hinder_v any_o man_n from_o keep_v as_o many_o servant_n as_o he_o can_v nor_o loom_n working-tool_n etc._n etc._n 5._o to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a 6._o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n will_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n and_o invite_v other_o to_o we_o and_o consequent_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o our_o hand_n in_o trade_n 7._o employ_v educate_v and_o relieve_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o they_o may_v neither_o be_v idle_a nor_o perish_v for_o want_n or_o leave_v the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o misery_n 8._o give_v such_o honour_n and_o perferment_n to_o merchant_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o their_o experience_n &_o education_n have_v fit_v they_o for_o will_v doubtless_o increase_v their_o number_n te_fw-la increase_v our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 1._o all_o the_o six_o foregoing_a particular_n will_v very_o much_o contribute_v especial_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o bring_v in_o of_o more_o stock_n for_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o trade_n must_v necessary_o bring_v in_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v any_o and_o for_o artificer_n that_o have_v none_o their_o labour_n in_o consequence_n will_v generate_v stock_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o increase_v that_o we_o have_v already_o 2._o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n as_o beforementioned_a will_v much_o and_o speedy_o augment_v our_o useful_a stock_n 3._o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o own_o plantation_n whole_o to_o england_n and_o prevent_v all_o kind_n of_o abuse_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n will_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 4._o the_o secure_n of_o that_o great_a trade_n for_o ship_n employ_v for_o importation_n of_o timber_n mast_n board_n and_n pâ—pes-staves_n into_o these_o three_o kingdom_n to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v subject_n and_o not_o by_o any_o stranger_n will_v in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n much_o increase_n the_o stock_n of_o england_n 5._o prevention_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o wool_n and_o encourage_a our_o woollen_a manufacture_n 6._o encourage_v and_o increase_v our_o fish_v trade_n which_o how_o that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v do_v be_v beforementioned_a 7._o to_o set_v up_o the_o linen_n rather_o than_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n in_o ireland_n and_o give_v extraordinary_a encouragement_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o first_o undertaker_n 8._o to_o encourage_v those_o trade_n most_o that_o vent_v most_o of_o our_o manufacture_n or_o supply_v â—n_v with_o material_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v in_o england_n or_o else_o such_o as_o furnish_v we_o with_o commodity_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o other_o trade_n as_o the_o east-india-company_n do_v eminent_o 9_o if_o his_o majesty_n navy_n debt_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pay_v and_o if_o for_o the_o future_a all_o his_o majesty_n payment_n be_v make_v with_o punctuality_n it_o will_v much_o increase_v the_o stock_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o trade_n such_o fatal_a stop_n be_v to_o the_o body_n politic_a like_o great_a obstruction_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o spleen_n to_o the_o body_n natural_a which_o not_o only_o procure_v ill_a habit_n but_o sometime_o desperate_a and_o acute_a disease_n as_o well_o as_o cronical_a 10._o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o our_o holly-day_n will_v increase_v the_o day_n of_o our_o work_v and_o work_v more_o will_v make_v we_o rich_a riches_n and_o stock_n be_v the_o same_o 11._o if_o our_o affair_n will_v permit_v that_o the_o full_a custom_n shall_v be_v pay_v back_o etc._n etc._n &_o not_o the_o half_a only_o for_o all_o foreign_a good_n bring_v hither_o and_o afterward_o export_v as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o french_a king_n have_v very_o late_o do_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n it_o will_v wonderful_o increase_v our_o navigation_n and_o in_o consequence_n our_o people_n as_o well_o as_o our_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a trade_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n then_o particular_a free_a port_n and_o if_o only_o such_o foreign_a good_n as_o shall_v be_v load_v outward_o on_o english_a ship_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o indulgence_n it_o will_v be_v much_o the_o more_o efficatious_a as_o to_o our_o main_n concern_v viz._n the_o increase_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n 3_o d._n general_n rule_n to_o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o necessary_a and_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 1._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o 2._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o court-merchant_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o in_o that_o chapter_n 3._o take_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o trade_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o great_a trouble_n and_o delay_n in_o receive_v back_o our_o impost_n at_o the_o customhouse_n and_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o fee_n to_o searcher_n waitor_n etc._n etc._n 4._o reduce_v interest_n of_o money_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v make_v trade_n easy_a to_o the_o borrower_n and_o to_o make_v it_o necessary_a it_o be_v the_o quum_fw-la magnum_fw-la as_o before_o be_v say_v for_o while_o we_o that_o be_v merchant_n can_v so_o easy_o turn_v gentleman_n by_o buy_v land_n for_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v let_v no_o man_n expect_v that_o if_o we_o thrive_v we_o will_v drudge_n all_o our_o day_n in_o trade_n or_o if_o we_o will_v to_o be_v sure_a our_o son_n will_v not_o 4_o the_o general_n rule_n to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n of_o strength_n at_o home_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o military_a preparation_n for_o defence_n and_o offence_n upon_o just_a occasion_n give_v will_v render_v we_o wise_a and_o honourable_a in_o the_o esteem_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o consequent_o oblige_v they_o not_o only_o to_o admit_v we_o the_o freedom_n of_o trade_n with_o they_o but_o the_o better_a term_n for_o and_o countenance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n 2._o to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o to_o trade_n with_o we_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v they_o at_o as_o cheap_a or_o cheap_a rate_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n can_v or_o do_v and_o this_o i_o affirm_v can_v never_o be_v do_v without_o subdue_n usury_n especial_o and_o do_v those_o other_o thing_n beforementioned_a that_o will_v conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o hand_n and_o stock_n for_o our_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o sell_v our_o neighbour_n cheap_a than_o other_o must_v be_v when_o it_o be_v principal_o a_o effect_n of_o many_o hand_n and_o much_o stock_n object_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v how_o shall_v we_o profit_v by_o this_o rule_n of_o sell_v cheap_a to_o foreigner_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o way_n to_o riches_n viz._n to_o sell_v dear_a and_o buy_v cheap_a answ._n i_o answer_v in_o a_o strict_a sense_n it_o may_v be_v so_o for_o the_o private_a merchant_n but_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o be_o design_v how_o our_o public_a national_a trade_n may_v be_v so_o manage_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v in_o competition_n with_o we_o for_o the_o same_o may_v not_o wrest_v it_o from_o we_o