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A15542
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The rule of reason, conteinyng the arte of logique, set forth in Englishe, by Thomas Vuilson
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Wilson, Thomas, 1525?-1581.
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1551
(1551)
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STC 25809; ESTC S102785
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107,443
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347
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The rule of Reason conteinyng the Arte of Logique set forth in Englishe by Thomas Vuilson An. M.D.LI. ¶ To the most excellent Prince and our most redoubted souereigne Lord Edward the sixt by the grace of God Kyng of England Fraunce and Ireland Defendour of the faith and of the Churches of England and Irelande in yearth the supreme heade your moste faithfull and obedient subiect Thomas Vvilson wisheth long life with moste prosperouse Reigne IF my power habilite were answerable to my good wil most excellent Prince and souereigne Lord this token of mine huÌ„ble duetie which I now offer vnto your Maiestie shoulde be as great preciouse as by reason of the coÌ„trarie it is base and slender wherefore I most humbly beseche your Maiestie in no worse parte to accepte this litle offer theÌ„ as the present of a true faithfull subiâ—cte which would haue brought better if his power had bene therafter But â—olowing the exaÌ„ple of poore men in the auncieÌ„t Histories of Plutarche and other writers muche commended I offer vnto youâ— highnesse parte of suche fruictes as haue growne in a poore studeÌ„tes gardin This fâ—uict bâ—ing of a straunge kynde such as no Englishe grounde hath before this time and in this sorte by any tyllage brought forth maie perhaps at the first tasting seme somewhat rough and harshe in the mouth because of the strauÌ„genesse but after a litle vse and familiar accustomyng thereunto I doubt not but thesame wil waxe euery one daie more pleasaunt then other But in simple and plaine woordes to declare vnto your Maiestie wherin my witt and earnest endeuour hath at this season trauailed I haue assaieâ— through my diligence to make Logique as familiar to Thenglishe man as by diuerse meÌ„nes industries the most parte of the other the liberall Sciences are For considering the forwardenesse of this age wherein the very multitude are prompte ripe in al Sciences that haue by any mans diligence bene sett forth vnto them weighyng also that the capacitie of my country men the EnglishnacioÌ„ is so pregnaunt and quicke to achiue any kynde or Arteâ— of knowlege whereunto wit maie attain that they are not inferiour to any othâ—r And farther poÌ„dering that diuerse learned meÌ„ of other couÌ„treis haue heretofore for the furtheraunce of knowlege not suffred any of the Sciences liberal to be hidden in the Greke or Latine tongue but haue with most earnest trauaile made euery of them familiar to their vulgare people I thought that Logique among all other beyng an Arte as apte for the English wittes as profitable for there knowlege as any the other Sciences are myght with as good grace be sette forth in Thenglishe as the other Artes heretofore haue bene And therefore I haue so farre as my sleÌ„der practise hath enabled me enterprised to ioyne an acquaintaunce betwiene Logique and my countrymeÌ„ from the whiche they haue bene hetherto barred by tongues vnacquaynted Notwithstandyng I must nedes coÌ„fesse that the Printer hereof your Maiesties seruaunt prouoked me firste hereunto vnto whome I haue euer founde my selfe greately beholdyng not onely at my beyng in Cambrige but also at all times els when I moste neded helpe But as touchyng the thyng self though I haue not done it with so good perfectioÌ„ as the worthinesse of the Arte requireth or as some other better learned could do yet I hope that wheras now it is dedicated vnto your highnesse and so made commune to all my good will shall want no fauorers in that I haue first labored to bring so noble a mistreâ—se both of reason and iudgemeÌ„t acquainted with so noble a couÌ„tre here to be made of a strauÌ„ger a free denisen wherin I take not vpon me so connyngly perfectely to haue writen of the said Arte as though none could do it better but because no Englishman vntill now hath gone through with this enterprise I haue thought mete to declare that it maie be done And yet herein I professe to be but as a spurre or a whet stone to sharpe the peÌ„nes of someother that they may polishe and perfect that I haue rudely grossely entered And albeit I do herein take vpon me no more but to bee as a poore meane man or simple personne whose charge were to be a lodesman to conuey some noble princesse into a straunge land where she was neuer before leauyng the enterteinyng the enrichyng and the deckyng of her to suche as were of substauÌ„ce and furniture according yet if this worke maie now at the first enteraunce haue the saufe coÌ„duict and protection of your moste Royall Maiestie I trust it shall in processe appere and proue that I haue not altogether in vain taken vpon me this straunge labour but rather to very good purpose and effect atteÌ„pted thesame I knowe your grace for your owne studie litle nedeth any helpe of suche an Englishe treatise beyng so well trauailed both in the Greke in the Latine for the same purpose through the helpe of those right worthie men Sir Ihon Cheke and Sir Antony Cooke your Maiesties teachers and Scholemaisters in all good litterature But to fede to satisfie the thirste and desire of suche Englishemen as for defaulte of the said tongues could otherwise not come to the knowlege of Logique I haue iudged it labour worth to geue the preceptes and Rules thereof in English that all men according to the gifte that to euery one is measured maie be the more prouoked to folowe the examples of your Maiestie aswell in studiousnesse desier of knowlege as also in the exercise of all vertue and pryncely worthinesse wherinto your grace hath made a goodly entrie In which most godly trade if your grace shall continue together with the feare of God and the moste reuerent obseruacion of his most holy coÌ„maundementes and Gospell wherein at this daie al EnglaÌ„d to their incomparable ioye and comforte doth see and find your Maiesties chief delite to be it cannot be doubted but that the same shal be to the wicked a terrour to the godly a comforte to this Realme of England a perpetuall defence and sauegardeâ— and to al Christian Kynges either now liuyng or hereafter to come an example of Kyngly worthynesse and a myrroure of Pryncely gouernaunce And where as to the most noble Kinges of Israel and Iuda the lord for their sundrie vertues gaue sundry giftes of his grace as to Dauid his dearling puissaunce and might against his enemiesâ— to Salomon wisdome and richesse to Aza innocencie of life and purenesse of ReligioÌ„â— to Iosaphat prudence of Kyngly regiment to sette good ministers and officers vnder him to good Kyng Iosias the aduauncemeÌ„t of Godes true seruice and the rotyng vp of Idolatrie to Ioathan a longe and prosperous Reigne in all godly rest quietnesse all these noble giftes of Regal excellencie shall the lord your guide gouernour vouchesafe to powre vpoÌ„ your highnes to endewe you with all in whome are nowe planted suche graffes of his heauenly grace
false deceipteful reasons The pâ—rson A noble man of the parliament house maye hunte in the kynges parkes by authoritie Ergo euery man maâ—e The tyme. It is not lawful to walke in the stretes of LondoÌ„ after the watche is set Ergo it is not lawfull to walke in London at all The place It is not lawful to gyue a blow within the courte gates Ergo it is not lawfull at all in myne owne defence The maner of comparyng It is an Image of a man Ergo it is a man Compare these .ij. together marke the accident adioyned to a man and ye shall perceiue that it taketh awaye all substaunce and leaueth only the shadow for this worde painted restrayneth the other compasseth hym with in his bouÌ„des so that a painted maÌ„ can no more be called a man then an adulterous wife can be called a wife for so longe is a woman called a wife as she kepeth her selfe within the boundes of matrimonie other wise she is no wyfe although men vse to cal them wyues The .iii. deceipt SEcundum noÌ„ causam vt causam that is when a cause that â—s not able to proue the matâ—er is brought in as thoughâ— it ware of force and strengthe but the ground beynge considered the fault is easely espied Dronkenes is euil Ergo wine is naught Wyne is not to be reproued altogether although some abuse the same for it is a good thinge ordeyned of God for the sustenaunce of man An other argument Some young men when thei come tother landes fal to vnthriftines Ergo riches are not good In all suche argumentes whereiâ— good thynges are reproued bycause euil bodies abuse thesame the euil wylâ— and the naughty inclination of the man whiche abuseth suche thynges is to be rebuked and therfore wheÌ„ it is otherwise it may be said that a cause which is not is put for a cause As some abuse Paules meanyng when they go about to depraue philosophie Paule warneth that we should not be deceaued by philosophie Ergo Philosophie is naught say some The argument doth not folowe for a good thyng may be much abused and yet the thynge it selfe may not be altogether reiected as naught therfore Paule doth not condemne demonstrations and principles whiche are assured truthes taught by the sciences as in arithmeticke .iiij. and .iiij. make .viij. In philosophie The whole is greater then the parte do as thou woldest be done vnto but he reproueth the abuse of sciences when there is made a mingle mangle of them and one confounded with an other as some haue sayde that philosophie wil teache a christian asmuche for his profession as all the Prophetes and the whole Bible besides wyll doe this made Paule byd men take hede that they be not deceaued by philosophie Now a dayes they wyll saye I cannot tell here is is muche preachynge muche teachyng of godes worde but I see fewe folowers of it it was a better worlde when we had not halfe so many preachers heresies were neuer more ripe naughtinesse neuer more abounded therfore gyue vs the olde learnyng again and take you the new This reason is not worthy a strawe The wickednes of the Preachers cometh not of their learning but of their vicious natures and naughty desiers for out of one and the same floure the Bee sucketh hony and the spider draweth poison By these and such other like examples ye maie easely espie wherefore the Argument is not good yf ye marke whether the true cause be in the former Proposition or some counterfect reason whiche semeth to proue and yet in diede doth not proue the matter at al. for if I reason thus Iohson and Robson looked through an hedge the one saw the other Ergo they two are both nigh of kindred What man seeth not that doth see any iote at al that this geare hangeth together like a brokeÌ„ potte sheerd and that the Antecedent doth nothyng at all proue the Consequent and yet the other Argumentes aboue rehersed if they bee narowlie marked are as folishe as worthie to be laughed at as is this folishe fonde reason and madly inuented argument ¶ An othâ—r Argument Feare not the signes of the Element Ergo they signifie none euil to come The Consequent is false for Christ doth forbid his Disciples to feare the signes not by cause they signifie none euil to come but by cause that where as they signifie harme punishemenâ— to the worlde wicked persons yet he wil be a present succour to his church and neuer leaue it comfortles As wheÌ„ the godly heare this feare not death it doth not folow but that death is an horrible thyng and much repugnaunt to mans nature This deceiptful Argument is muche vsed in this our life and made a bucklar for diuerse matters As when I am lothe to bee of a quest or that any such busines shoulde trouble me beyng sent for I faine my self sicke because I would not gladlie come Or wheÌ„ one that is riche should healpe a poore maÌ„ to saie God healpe you syr I haue a great charge my self I can not do for you Or when a Bisshoppe shoulde be desired to teache or preache to saie he is sick Or when a lawyer being desired to healpe a poore man and profered there vpon a litle mony euen so muche as the poore man can not well spare and yet not halfe so muche as the lawyer woulde haue streyght to saie I am sory I can not do for you if I were not called vpon otherwise by diuerse men I woulde not faâ—l to do you good This is as thei saie in English better a badde excuse then none at all in Latine it is called non causa pro causa posita And the vsing of such excuses emoÌ„g the Rethoritians is called translatio that is to saie a shiftyng or puttyng of the faulte from one to an other As wee reade that Demades vsed a woÌ„derfull good shifte wheÌ„ it was laidesore to his charge that he had writtteÌ„ a very naughtie decre and vnhonest for the obteynyng of the peace at Alexanders hand He aunswered that the same Decree was not writtten with his owne writyng pen but with Alexanders warryng speare which is asmuche to saie feare did driue him to take suche and such conditions of peace We reade a notable Historie of a younge childe in Rome called Papirius whiche because both it is pleasauÌ„t much to be woundred at and also serueth for this purpose right aptly I thinke it meete to be rehersed in this place This Papirius beyng a young ladde of .x. or .xij. yeres olde and sonne to one of the Senatours in Rome whiche were then as noble men be nowe in Englande lords of the Counsail went euery day with his father to the Parliamente house and hard from time to time all matters that were debated there His father euermore charged hym that he should not vtter any thyng which he hard to any bodie liuing It happened afterward that vpon vrgent