by intendement vnder that age he should be hable in person to serue his kyng countrey according to the tenour of his dede and the coÌdicion of his purchase This lawe was receiued by the same Keneth in Scotlande and aswell there as in Englande is obserued to this daie whiche proueth also that Scotlande was then vnder his obeisauÌce This Edgar reigned in this state xxvi yeres Edward the sonne of this Edgar was next kyng of England in whose tyme this Keneth kyng of Scottes caused Malcolme prince of Scotland to be treasonably poysoned whervpon this Edwarde made warre vpoÌ him whiche ceassed not vntil this Keneth submitted himself offered to receiue prince of Scotlande whom king Edward would appoint where vpon this Edward proclaymed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotlande who immediatly came into England here did homage to the same Kyng Edwarde This Edwarde reigned in this state by some writers xii yeres and by some others but ii yeres Etheldred brother of this Edwarde succeded next king of Englande against whom Swayn kyng of DeÌmarke coÌspired with this last Malcolme then kyng of Scottes But shortly after this Malcolme sorowfully submitted himselfe into the defeÌce of Etheldred who consideryng that that whiche could not be amended must onely be repeÌted benignely receiued him by helpe of whose seruice at last Etheldred recouered his realme againe out of the haÌdes of Swayn reigned ouer y e whole Monarchy xxxviii yeres Edmund surnamed Ironside sonne of this Etheldred was next kyng of England in whose tyme Canut a Dane inuaded y e realme with warres but at last Canut maried with Eme somtyme wife of Etheldred and mother of this Edmund this Eme as arbitrice betwene her naturall loue to the one matrimoniall duetie to the other procured suche amitee betwene theim that Edmund was contented to deuide the realme with Canut kepyng to himselfe all England on thisside Humber gaue al the rest beyond Humber with the seignorie of Scotland to this Canut wherevpon Malcolme then kyng of Scottes after a litle customable resistence did homage to y e same Canut for the kyngdom of ScotlaÌd this Canut held the same ouer of this Edmund kyng of Englande by the like seruices This Canut in memory of his victory glorye of his seignorie ouer the Scottes commaunded this Malcolme their kyng to builde a churche in Buchquhan in Scotlande where a fielde betwene him theim was fought to be dedicate to Olanus patron of Norway Denmarke which Churche was by the same Malcolme builded accordyngly Edward called the confessour soonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmund Ironside was nexte kyng of al England he receiued the homage of the same Malcolm kyng of Scottes for the kyngdome of Scotlande This Edwarde perused the olde lawes of the realme somewhat added to some of theim as to the law of Edgar for y e wardship of the landes vntil the heire should accoÌplishe the age of .xxi. yeres he added that the mariage of suche heire shuld also belong to the lord of whom the same laÌd should be holden Also that euery woman mariyng a freman should notwithstaÌdyng she had no children by that husband enioy the third parte of his inheritaunce duryng her life with many other lawes whiche y e same Malcolme king of Scottes obeyed whiche aswell by theim in Scotlande as by vs in Englande be obserued to this daie whiche directly proueth y e whole to be then vnder his obeysauÌce But here to make some digressioÌ though y e more parte of these Eldredes lawes be both godly politique yet this addicion to Edgars law touchyng the mariage of the heire except in cases of priÌces in whose persons the commoÌ weale of people and countreys depende among men either ciuil or politique semeth to depende more of lucre then godlynes for that thereby he to whose yeres nature doeth not geue discrecion to refuse must take that a wife and she peraduenture of the like age or vnder in whiche choise euery of them must iudge by another mans affeccion see with another mans iye say yea with another mans tong and finally coÌsent with another mans heart for none of these senses be pertited to the parties in that minoritie and so the eleccion beyng vnfree and the yeres vnripe eche of theÌ almost of necessitee must hate other whom yet they haue had no iudgement to loue To declare what innumerable inconueniences deuorces yea and some murders haue of these vngodly mariages or rather no mariages at all proceded the present tyme sheweth so many examples as we may see sufficient cause to bewaile the tyme present ⪠but the greatest iniury is to God the redresse onely belongeth to a kyng in whom like as the same God hath caused more vertues to mete then in any other kyng or creature at those yeres so we doubt not but that his Godhed wyll vouchesafe to preserue his highnes with then crease of knowlege to y e godly redresse of these and all other enormities and abuses to the comfort and reioyse of vs his louyng and happye obedient subiectes But I wil returne to the Scot. By reason of this lawe Malcolme the sonne of Dunkayn next inheritor to the croune of Scotlande beyng within age was by the nobles of ScotlaÌd deliuered as warde to the custodie of this kyng Edwarde duryng whose minoritie one Makebeth a Scot trayterously vsurped the croune of ScotlaÌd against whom this kyng Edwarde made warre in whiche the same Makebeth was ouercome and slayne and therevpon this Malcolme was crouned kyng of Scottes at Stone in the .viii. yere of y e reigne of this kyng Edwarde This Malcolme by tenor of the sayd newe lawe of wardship was maried vnto Margaret by the disposicion of the same kyng Edwarde and at his ful age did homage to this kyng Edwarde for the kyngdome of Scotland This Edwarde hauyng no issue of his bodye mistrustyng that Harold y e soÌne of Goodwyn discended of the doughter of Harold Harefoote the Dane would vsurp the croune if he should leaue it to his cosyn Edgar Edling beyng then within age and partly by y e peticioÌ of his subiectes who before had sworne neuer to receiue any kynges ouer theim of the Danes nacion did by his substanciall wyll in writyng deuise the croune of great Briteigne vnto Willyam then duke of Normandye and to his heires coÌstitutyng him his heire testamentary Also there was proximitee in bloud betwene theÌ for Eme doughter of Richarde duke of NormaÌdy was wife vnto Etheldred on whom he begat Alured and this Edward this Willyam was sonne of Robert sonne of Richarde brother of the whole bloud to the same Eme by this appeareth that this WillyaÌ was heire by title and not by coÌquest Albeit partely to extinguishe y e mistrust of other titles partely for the glory of his victory he chaleÌged y e name of a coqueror hath bene so written This kyng Willyam called the coÌqueror to
of Scottes Alexander his soonne beyng of .ix. yeres of age was by the lawes of Edgar in ward to this king Henry by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke and there deliuered to this kyng Henry duryng whose minoritie this kyng Henrye gouerned Scotland and to subdue a coÌmocion in this realme vsed the aide of .v. M. Scottishmen but kyng Henry dyed duryng y e nonage of this Alexander wherby he receiued not his homage whiche by reason and lawe was respited vntyl his ful age of .xxi. yeres this Henry reigned in this state .lvii. yeres Edwarde the first synce the supposed conquest sonne of this HeÌry was next kyng of EnglaÌd immediatly after whose coronacion this Alexander kyng of Scottes beyng then of full age did homage to him for ScotlaÌd at Westminster This AlexaÌder kyng of Scoties died leuing one only doughter called Margarete his heire who before had maried Hanygo soonne to Magnus kyng of Norway whiche doughter also shortly after dyed leauyng one onely doughter her heire of thage of .ii yeres whose custodie mariage by the lawes of king Edgar and Edward the coÌfessour belonged to this kyng Edwarde whervpoÌ the nobles of Scotland wer coÌmaunded by this king Edward to sende to Normandy to conuey this yong quene into Englande to him whom he enteÌded to haue maried to his soonne Edwarde as our kyng in his owne person enteÌdeth with their Quene now Their nobles at that tyme consideryng thesame tranquilitie y â many of them now refuse stoode not vpon shiftes and delayes of minoritie nor coÌtempt but most gladly consented and thervpon sent twoo noble menne of Scotlande into Norway for her to be brought to this kyng Edward but she died before their coÌming thether they required nothyng but to enioy the lawfull liberties that they had in the last kyng Alexander his tyme I beleue that the deade bodyes of these noble men of all the kynges of Scotland would rise from their sepultures against the enemies of this godly vnion ⪠if they knewe with what wilfull contempte they deface their doynges with what wicked obstinacy thei deteigne y e people of Britaigne in perpetual warre enmitie and discorde After the death of this Margaret the Scottes wer destitute of any heire to y e croune froÌ this AlexaÌder there last kyng at whiche tyme this Edwarde disceÌded froÌ the body of Mawde doughter of Malcolme sometyme kyng of Scottes beyng then in the greatest broil of his warres with Fraunce mynded not to take the possession of that kyngdome in his awne right but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof the weake title betwene him Bruse Hastynges beeyng by the humble peticion of all the realme of Scotland coÌmitted to the determinacion of this kyng Edwarde as by autentique writyng therof coÌfessyng within the superioritie of Scotlande to remaine in this kyng Edwarde sealed with the seales of .iiii. bishoppes .vii. Earles and .xi. Barons of Scotlande and whiche shortely after was by the whole assent of the thre estates of Scotland in their solemne ParliameÌt coÌfessed enacted accordiÌgly as most euidently doeth appeare This Baliol in this wise made kyng of ScotlaÌd did immediatly make his homage and fealtie to this kyng Edwarde for the kyngdome of Scotlande but shortly after defraudyng the benigne goodnes of this king Edward he rebelled whervpon this king Edward inuaded ScotlaÌd seazed into his haÌdes the greater part of the countrey and toke al the strengthes therof wherupon this Baliol king of Scottes came vnto this kyng Edwarde at Mâuntrosse in Scotland with a white wande in his hand there resigned the croune of Scotland with all his right title entrest to the same into the haÌdes of this kyng Edwarde therfore made his Charter in writyng dated sealed y e fourth yere of his reign whervpon all the nobles geÌtlemen of Scotlande repaired to Berwicke and there did homage and fealtie to this king Edward becoÌmyng his subiectes For the better assuraunce of whose othes this Edwarde kept all the streÌgthes and holdes of Scotland in his owne handes and herevpon all their lawes proces al iudgement all giftes of offices and others passed vnder the name of authoritie of this king Edward he reigned in this state ouer theÌ xxx yeres Edward borne at Carnaruan sonne of this Edward was nexte kyng of England who from the beginnyng of his reigne enioyed Scotland peaceably dooyng in all thynges as is aboue sayd of kyng Edward his father vntyll towarde the latter ende of his reigne about whiche Bruse conspired agaiÌst this kyng Edward and with the helpe of a fewe forsworne Scottes forswore him selfe kyng of Scottes whervpoÌ this Edward made warre vpon him but beyng infortunate in his first warres against him he suffered Edwarde the soonne of Baliol to proclaime himself kyng of Scottes neuerthelesse held foorth his warres against Bruse before the endyng of whiche he dyed Edwarde borne at Wyndsore soonne of this Edward was next king of Scotlande at the age of xv yeres in whose minoritie the Scottes practised with Isabell mother to this Edwarde with Roger Mortymer Earle of the Marche to haue their homages released whose good wyll therin thei obteined so y â for the same release they shuld pay to this king Edward .xxx. thousand poundes sterlyng in thre yeres nexte folowing that is to say .x. thousande pounde sterlyng yerely but because the nobilitie and coÌmons of this realme would not by parliament coÌsent vnto it their king beyng within age y e same release proceded not albeit the Scottes ceased not their practises with this Quene and Erle but before those thre yeres in whiche their money if that money had taken place shuld haue been paied wer exspired this kyng Edward inuaded Scotland and ceased not warre vntill Dauid the sonne of Robert le Bruse then by their eleccion kyng of ScotlaÌd absolutely submitted himselfe vnto this kyng Edwarde but for that this Dauid Bruse had before by practise of the Quene and the Erle of Marche maried Jane the sister of this kyng Edward he moued by natural zeale to his sister was contented to geue the realme of Scotlande to this Dauid Bruse to theires that he should begette of the body of the sayd Jane sauyng the reuersion and meane homages to this kyng Edward and to his owne children wherewith thesame Dauid Bruse was right well coÌtented thervpon immediatly made his homage for Scotlande vnto this kyng Edward but shortly after causelesse coÌceiuyng cause of displeasure this Dauid procured to disolue this same estate taily and therevpon not onely rebelled in Scotland but also inuaded EnglaÌd this kyng Edward beyng then in his warres in Fraunce But this Dauid was not onely expulsed EnglaÌd but also suspecting no place sufficient defeÌce to his vntruth fled out of ScotlaÌd the couÌtreys of AnnaÌdale Gallovvay Mars Teuydale Twedale and Ethrike wer seased into the king of England his handes new Marches set betwene England ScotlaÌd
theim whereupon thei tooke the Isles their common refuge he gaue muche of Scotlande as Galloway PentlaÌde Mers and Annandale with sundery other landes to this Hengest his people to inhabite whiche thei did accordyngly but when this HeÌgest afterward thursted after the Kyngdom he was banished and yet afterward beyng restored he conspired with y e Scottes agaist Aurilambrose the sonne of Constantyne the iust inheritor of this whole dominioÌ but his vntruth and theirs bothe wer recompensed together for he was takeÌ prisoner by Eldulph de Samor then Erle of Gloucester and his hed for his traitory striken of by the same Erle by commaundemente of the same kyng Aurilambros in this felde the Scottes wer vanquished but Octa the soonne of Hengest was receiued to mercie to whom and his people this Aurilambros gaue the countrey of Galloway in ScotlaÌd for whiche thei became his Subiectes And hereby appereth that Scotlande was then agayne in his handes Vter called also Pendragon brother to this Aurilambros was nexte Kyng of Britons agaynst whom these sworne SaxoÌs new forsworne subiectes confederate with the Scottes newly rebelled but by his power assembled against theÌ in Galloway in Scotlande thei were discomfited and all Albania recouered into his handes This Vter reigned in this state ouer them .xviii. yeres Arthur y e sonne of this Vter begotten before y e mariage but lawfully borne after succeded next to the croune of greate Briteigne whose notable actes though many vulger fables haue rather wondered at then credited yet all the Scottishe writers confesse that he subdued all greate Briteigne and made it tributory to hym and subdued the Saxons then scatered as farre as Cathenes in Scotlande and in all his warres against theim he had the seruice and obeisaunce of Scottes and Pightes but at the last settyng their feete in the guyle of their predecessours thei newly rebelled in the repressyng whereof he deposed their Kyng and conquered al the countreys of Scotlande Islande and Orknay and made one AngusiaÌ his kynseman kyng of Scottes Vrian kyng of IslaÌde MurefreÌce kyng of Orknay he made one Pyramium Archbishop of Yorke whose auctoritie exteÌded through all ScotlaÌde Thus Arthur reigned in this state .xxii. yeres Malgo shortly after succeded to the whole kyngdom of greate Briteigne vpoÌ new resistaunce he newly subdued IrelaÌd IslaÌd Orkades Norway DeÌmarke made Ethelfrede a SaxoÌ kyng of Bernicia that is NorthuÌberlaÌd LouthiaÌ muche other laÌde of Scotland whiche Ethelfrede by the sworde obteined at the haÌdes of the wilfull inhabitauntes and was true Subiecte to this Malgo. CadvvaÌ succeded to the kyngdom of greate Briteigne who in defence of his subiectes the Scottes made warre vpon this Ethelfrede but at the laste thei agreed and Cadvvan vpon their rebellioÌ gaue all Scotlande vnto this Ethelfrede whiche he thereupon subdued and enioyed but afterward in the reigne of Cadvvallo that next succeded in great Briteigne he rebelled wherupon the same Cadvvallo came into Scotlande and vpon his treason reseazed the couÌtrey into his awne haÌdes and hauyng with hym all the viceroys of Saxons whiche theÌ inhabited here his subiectes in synguler battaill slewe thesame Ethelfrede Osvvald was shortly after by Cadvvallos gifte made Kyng of Bernicia and he as subiect to Cadvvallo and by his commaundement discoÌfited the Scottes and Pightes and subdued al Scotlande Osvvy the brother of this Osvvald was by the like gifte of Cadvvallo made nexte Kyng of Bernicia and he by like coÌmaundemeÌt newly subdued the Scottes Pightes held theÌ in that obeysauÌce to this Cadvvallo duryng .xxviii. yeres Thus Cadvvallo reigned in the whole Monarchie or great Briteign xlviii yeres hauyng al the vii kynges therof aswel Saxons as others his subiectes for albeit the noÌber of Saxons froÌ tyme to tyme greatly increased yet were thei alwaies either expulsed or els made tributory to the onely kynges of Britons for the tyme beyng all their awne writers confesse he died in the yere of our Lorde 676. And so reigned in this state ouer theÌ .xxviii. yeres Cadvvallader was nexte kyng of the whole greate Briteigne he reigned .xii. yeres ouer all the Kynges thereof in greate peace and tranquilitie and then vpon the lamentable death of his subiectes which died in sundery deceasses innumerably he departed into litle Briteigne whose sonne and cosyn Iuor and Iue beyng repulsed froÌ this Englande by the Saxsons went into Wales where emong the Britons thei and their posteritie remayned Princes vpon this greate alteracioÌ warres being through the whole dominioÌ betwene Britons and Saxons the Scottes thought tyme to slip y e collor of obedience therupon entered in league with Charles then Kyng of Fraunce in this wise 1 The iniurie of Englishemen doen to any of these people shalbee perpetually holden commen to bothe 2 When Frenchemen be inuaded by Englishmen y e Scottes shal send their army in defeÌce of FrauÌce so that thei be supported w t money victailes of FrauÌce 3 When Scottes bee inuaded by Englishemen the Frenchmen shall come vpon their awne expences to their supporte 4 None of these people shall take peace or truce w t EnglishemeÌ w tout the aduise of other c. MANY sufferable opinions maie be had of warr without the praisyng of it as onely admittible by inforced necessitie and to be vsed for peace his sake onely where here the Scottes soughte warre for the loue of warre onely for their league geueth no benefite to themselfes either in fre trafique of their awne commodities or benefite of the FreÌche or other priuilege to the people of both what discommoditie lofyng the entercourse exchauÌge of our coÌmodities beeyng in necessaries more abundaunt then Fraunce the Scottes feele and we perfectly know What rewyn of their Tounes destruccion of Countreys slaughter of bothe our people haue by reasoÌ of this bloudy league chaunced the Histories bee so lamentable as bee to hortible emong christian men to be remembred but God gaue the increase accordyng to their seede for as thei did hereby sowe discencion so did thei shortly after repe slaughter For Alpyne their Kyng possessyng a lighte mynde that would be a loft with a litle wynd hoped by this league shortly to subdue all greate Briteigne and to that ende not onely rebelled in his awne kyngdoÌ but also vsurped the kyngdome of Pightes whereupon Edvvyn kyng of EnglaÌde made one Brudeus Kyng of Pightes whom he sent into ScotlaÌde with a great power where in battaill he toke this Alpyne Kyng of Scottes prisoner discoÌfited his people and beeyng this Alpyne their kyng founde subiecte and rebel his hed was striken of at a place in Scotlande whiche thereof is to this day called Pasalpyne that is to saie the hedde of Alpyne this was the firste Cropes of their Frenche league Osbright Kyng of Englande with Ella his subiect and a great nomber of Britons and SaxoÌs shortly after for y t the Scottes had of theimselfes elected a new kyng shortly after entered Scot
lande and ceassed not his warre against them vntill their kyng people fled into the Isles W t whoÌ at the last vpoÌ their submission peace was made in this wise THE water of Fryth shalbe Marche betwene Scottes and Englishmen in the Est partes shalbe named the Scottishe sea THE water of Clide to DuÌ briton shalbee Marche in the West partes betwenethe Scottes and Britons this castle was before called Alclude and nowe Dunbriton that is to saie the castle of Britons so the Britons had all landes from Sterlyng to the Irelande seas and from the water of Fryth and Clide to Cumber with all the strengthes thereof The Englishemen had the landes betwene Sterlyng NothuÌberland thus was Clide Marche betwene Scottes and Britons on the one side and the water of Fryth named the Scottishe sea Marche betwene theim and Englishemen on the other side Sterlyng coÌmon March to thre people Britons English men Scottes Kyng Osbright had the castle of Sterlyng wher firste he caused to bee Coyned Sterlyng money The English men buylded a bridge of stone for passage ouer ⪠the Water of Frythe in the middes whereof thei made a crosse vnder whiche wer written these verses I am free Marche as passengers maie ken To Scotes to Britons and to Englishemen ABOVTE xvi yeres after this HuÌger and Hubba Danes with a great noÌbre of people arriued in Scotlande and slewe Constantine whom Osbright had before made kyng wherupon Edulffe or Ethelvvulph then Kyng of Englande assembled his power against Hunger and Hubba and in one battaill slewe theim both but suche of their people as would remain and become christians he suffered to tary the rest be banished or put to death THIS Ethelvvulph graunted the Peter pence to which albeeit Peter and Paule had litle mede and lesse right yet the paiment thereof continued in this realme euer after vntill now of late yeres but the Scottes euer since vnto this day haue and yet dooe paie it by reason of that graunt whiche proueth theim to be then vnder his obeisaunce Alurede or Alfrede succeded to the kyngdome of England he reigned peacebly ouer the whole Monarchie of great Briteigne He made Lawes that persones excomunicated should bee disabled to sewe or claime any propertie whiche Lawe Gregour whom this Alurede had made kyng of Scottes obeyed the same law aswel in ScotlaÌd as in England is holden to this daie whiche also proueth hym to bee high lorde of Scotlande THIS Alurede constreined this Gregour Kyng of Scottes to breake is league with FrauÌce for generally he concluded with hym and serued hym in all his warres aswell against Danes as others not reseruyng the former league with Fraunce THIS Alurede after y e death of Gregour had the like seruice and obeisaunce of Donald Kyng of Scottes with fiue thousande footemen and twoo thousande horsemen against one Gurmond a Dane that then infested this realme and this Donald died at this faithe and obeisaunce with Alurede This Alurede reigned in this state ouer theÌ .xviii. yeres Edvvard the first of that name called Louâyll sonne of this Alurede succeded nexte kyng of EnglaÌd against whom with Citrike a Dane the Scottes conspired but thei wer subdued and Constantyne their kyng brought to obeisauÌce and held the realme of Scotlande of this Kyng Edvvard this dooth Marion their awne countrey manne a Sâcotte confesse this Edvvard reigned in this seigniorie ouer theÌ and thei in his obeisaunce .xxiii. yeres Athelstane soonne of this Edvvard was next kyng of EnglaÌd against whom Constantine kyng of Scottes beyng as their writers confesse corrupted with money sold his faith and falce hart together to the Danes and ayded theim against this kyng Athelstane but he met with al their vntruthes together at Bronyng feld in Scotlande where he discomfited the Danes and flewe Malcolme depute in that behalfe to the kyng of Scottes with .xx. thousande Scottes in whiche battaill the Scottes confesse to haue lost more people then were remembered in any age before this Athelstane folowed this his good lucke throughout al Scotland and wholy subdued it and beeyng in possession of it gaue lande there liyng in Annandale by his dede the copie wherof foloweth I kyng Athelstane geues vnto Paulan Oddam and Râddam as good and as faire as euer thei mine vvâre and thereto vvitnes Maulde my vvife BY whiche course wordes not onely appereth the plain simplicitie of mennes doynges in those daies but also full proue that he was then seazed of Scotlande THIS Athelstane at the last receiued homage of this Malcolme king of Scottes but this Malcolme for y t he could not bee restored to his whole kyngdome entered into Religion and there shortly after died This Athelstane for his better assuraunce of that couÌtrey there after thought best to haue two stringes to the bowe of their obedience therfore notonely coÌstituted one Malcolme to bee their kyng but also appointed one Indulph sonne of Constantyne the third to be called prince of Scotlande to whoÌ he gaue muche of Scotland This Malcolme did homage to Athelstane then did this Athelstane Reigne in this state ouer them .xxv. yeres EdmuÌd brother of Athelstane succeded next Kyng of England to whom this Indulph then king of Scottes not onely did homage but also serued hym with ten thousande Scottes for the expulsion of the Danes out of this realme this EdmuÌd reigned in this state .vii. yeres Edred or Eldred brother to this Edmunde succeded nexte kyng of Englande he not onely receiued y e homage of Irise then kyng of Scottes but also the homage of all the Barons of Scotland this Eldred reigned in this state .x. yeres Edgar the sonne of Edmund brother of Athelstane beyng now of ful age was next king of England he reigned onely ouer the whole Monarchie of great Briteigne he receiued homage of Keneth or Kynald kyng of Scotland for the kyngdome of Scotland and made Malcolme prince therof This Edgar gaue vnto the same Keneth the couÌtrey of Louthian in Scotlande whiche was before seazed into the handes of Osbright kyng of England for their rebellion as is before declared This Edgar enioyned this Keneth there kyng ones in euery yere to repaire vnto him into England for the makyng of lawes whiche in those daies was by the noble men or piers accordyng to the order of FrauÌce at this daie to whiche ende this Edgar gaue him a piece of grounde liyng beside the new palace of Westminster vpon whiche this Keneth builded a house whiche by him and his posteritie was enioyed vntill the reigne of kyng Henry the seconde in whose tyme vpon rebellioÌ by Willyam then kyng of Scottes it was resumed into the kyng of EnglaÌdes handes y e house is decayed but the ground where it stode is called ScotlaÌd to this day This Edgar made this lawe that no maÌ should succede to his patrimony or inheritaunce holden by the seruice of a maÌ called knightes seruice vntil he accomplished the age of .xxi. yeres because
bring the Scottes to iust obeisaunce after his coronacion as heire testameÌtary to Edwarde the confessor entred Scotland where after a litle resisteÌce made by the Scottes the sayd Malcolme then their kyng did homage to him at Abirnethy in Scotlande for the kyngdome of Scotlande This Willyam reigned in this state .xxii. yeres Willyam surnamed Rufus soÌne of this Willyam called the conqueror succeded nexte to the croune of England to whom the sayd Malcolme kyng of Scottes did like homage for y e kingdome of Scotland but afterwarde he rebelled was by this William Rufus slaine in the fielde where vpoÌ the Scottishmen did chose one Donal or Dunvval to be their kyng but this Willyam Rufus deposed him and created DunkaÌ soonne of Malcolme to bee their kyng who did lyke homage to him but this Dunkan was slaine by the Scottes and Dunvvall restitute which ones again by this Willyam Rufus was deposed Edgar soonne of Malcolme was by him made their king who did like homage for ScotlaÌd to this Willyam Rufus This WillyaÌ reigned in this state ouer theim xiii yeres Henry called Beauclerke the sonne of Willyam called the coÌqueror after y e death of his brother Willyam Rufus succeded to the croune of England to whoÌ the same Edgar kyng of Scottes did homage for Scotlande This HeÌry Beauclerke maried Mawde the doughter of Malcolme kyng of Scottes and by her had issue Mawde afterward emprice Alexandre the sonne of Malcolme brother to this Mawd was nexte kyng of Scottes he did like homage for y e kyngdome of Scotland to this Henry the first This Henry reigned in this state ouer them .xxxv. yeres Mawde called the emprice doughter and heire to this HeÌry Beauclerke Mawde his wife receiued homage of Dauid brother to her and to this Alexandre next kyng of Scottes for y e kingdome of Scotlande This Mawde the emprice gaue vnto this Dauid in mariage Mawde the doughter and heire of Voldosius earle of Huntyngdon and Northunberlande and herein their euasion appeareth by whiche they allege that their kynges homages wer made for the erledome of Huntingdon for this Dauid was the first that of their kinges was erle of HuÌtyngdon whiche was since all the homages of their kinges before recited and at the tyme of whiche mariage and long after the sayd Alexander his brother was king of Scottes doyng the homage aforesayd to Henry Bewclerke Henry called Fitz Emprice the soonne of Mawde the emprice doughter of Mawde doughter of Malcolme kyng of Scottes was next kyng of Englande he receiued homage for Scotlande of Malcolme soonne of Henrye soonne of the sayd Dauid their last king whiche Malcolme after this homage attended vpon the same kyng Henry in his warres against Lewes then kyng of Fraunce whereby appereth that their Frenche league was neuer renued after the last deuision of their couÌtrey by Osbright kyng of EnglaÌd But after these warres fynyshed with the Frenche kyng this Malcolme beyng again in ScotlaÌd rebelled whervpon this kyng Henry immediatly scazed Huntyngdon Northumberland into his owne haÌdes by confiscacion and made warre vpon him in Scotland in whiche thesame Malcolme dyed without issue of his body Willyam brother of this Malcolme was next king of Scottes he w t al the nobles of Scotland which could not be for any erledome did homage to the sonne of this king Henry the second with a reseruacion of y e duetie to kyng HeÌry the second his father also therldome of Huntyngdon was as ye haue hearde before this forfaited by Malcolme his brother neuer after restored to the croune of Scotland This WillyaÌ kyng of Scottes did afterwarde attende vpoÌ the same kyng Henry the seconde in his warres in Normandy against the Frenche king notwithstandyng their Frenche league then did him homage for Scotland and thervpon was licensed to depart home into Scotlande where immediatly he moued war against the same kyng Henry beyng yet in Normandy but God toke the defence on kyng HeÌries part deliuered the same WilliaÌ kyng of Scottes into the haÌdes of a fewe Englishemenne who brought him prisoner to this kyng Henry into Normandy the x. yere of his reigne but at y e last at the suit of Dauid his brother he was at this fine for the amendement of his trespas to paye .x. M. pounde sterlyng ⪠and to surrendre al his title of the erledom of Huntyngdon Cumberland NorthumberlaÌd into the haÌdes of this kyng Henry which he did in all thynges accordyngly and here vpon he ones againe did homage to the same kyng Henrye whiche now could not be for the earledome of Huntyngdon the right wherof was alredy by him surrendred and for the better assuraunce of this fayth the streÌgthes of Berwicke Edenbrough Roxbrough Striuelyng were deliuered into the handes of this kyng Henry of England whiche their owne writters confesse but Hector Boecius sayeth that this trespas was amended by fyne of xx M. poundes sterlyng that therldome of Huntyngdon CuÌberland and Northumberlande were deliuered as Morgage into the handes of this kyng HeÌry vntill other .x. M. poundes sterlyng should be to him payed but though that were true yet proueth he not that that money was payed nor the land otherwyse redemed or euer after came to any Scottishe kynges handes And this it appeareth y t therldome of HuÌtyngdon was neuer occasion of the homages of the Scottishe kynges to y e kinges of England either before this tyme or after At this tyme Alexander bishop of Rome supposed to haue generall iurisdiccion ecclesiasticall through christendome conferred the whole clergye of Scotlande accordyng to the olde lawes vnder the iurisdiccion of the Archebishop of Yorke This Henrye reigned in this state ouer theim xxxv yeres Richarde surnamed Cure de Lyon soonne of this Henry was next kyng of England to whom the same WillyaÌ kyng of Scottes did homage at Cantorburye for the kyngdome of Scotland and in the ânde of the warres of this king Richard did send Dauid his brother with .v. M. Scot tishemen This kyng Richarde was taken prisoner by the duke of Ostriche for whose redempcion the whole realme was taxed to great summes of money vnto the whiche this WillyaÌ kyng of Scottes as a subiecte was contributory and paied two M. markes sterlyng This Richard reigned in this ââate ix yeres John the brother of this Richard was next king of EnglaÌd to whom the same WillyaÌ kyng of Scottes did like homage for the kyngdome of Scotland vpoÌ a hill beside Lyncolne takyng his faith therfore vpon the crosse of Hubert then Archebishoppe of Cantorburye a great nomber of people beyng there assembled for y e purpose This Ihon reigned in this state ouer them .xvii. yeres Henry the third of that name soonne of this kyng Ihon succeded nexte to the croune of Englande to whom Alexandre kyng of Scottes did homage for Scotland at Yorke This Alexandre dyed at this fayth w t this kyng Henry After the death of this Alexander kyng
at Cockeburnes pathe Sowtry hedge whiche when this Dauid went about to recouer againe his power was discoÌfited and himself by a fewe Englishemen taken brought into England where he remained prisoner .xi. yeres during whiche tyme this king Edward enioyed Scotland peaceably then at the coÌteÌplacion of y e wery suite of his sorowfull sister wife of this Dauid he was contented ones again to restore this Dauid to y e kyngdome of Scotland whervpoÌ it was coÌcluded that for this rebellion Dauid should pay to this king Edward the summe of one C. M. markes sterlyng and should also destroy all his holdes and fortresses staÌdyng against the Englishe borders and further should assure the crowne of Scotlande to the childer of this kyng Edward for lacke of heire of his owne bodye all whiche thynges he did accordyngly and for the better assuraunce of his obeisaunce afterward he deliuered into the haÌdes of this kyng Edward sondry noble men of ScotlaÌd his pledges this Edwarde reigned in this state ouer theim .li. yeres Richard the sonne of Edward called the blacke prince soonne of this Edwarde kyng was nexte kyng of Englande who for that the sayd Jane y e wife of the sayd kyng Dauid of Scotlande was deceassed without issue beyng enformed howe the Scottes deuised to their vttermost power to breake the limitacion of this inheritaunce touchyng y e croune of Scotlande made foorthwith warre against theim he brent Edenbrough spoiled all their couÌtrey toke al their holdes maintained coÌtinually warre against them vnto his death whiche was Anno domini M. CCC xcix Henry the fourth of that name was next kyngof EnglaÌd he coÌtinued these warresbegon agaiÌst them by kyng Richard ceassed not vntil Robert kyng of Scottes the third of that name resigned his croune by appointment of this king Henrye and deliuered his sonne James beyng then of thage of .ix. yeres into the haÌdes of this king HeÌry to remaine to his custodie wardship and disposicion as of his superior lord accordyng to the olde lawes of kyng Edwarde the confessor all this was done Anno domini M. CCCC iiii which was within v. yeres after the death of king Richard This Henry the fourth reigned in this state ouer theim xiiii yeres Henrye the fift of that name soonne of this kyng Henrye the forth was next king of England he had warres against the FreÌch kyng in all whiche this James then kyng of Scottes attended vpon him as vpon his superior lorde with a conuenient nomber of Scottes notwithstandyng their league with Fraunce but this Henry reigned but .ix. yeres whereby the homage of this James their king hauyng not fully accomplished y e age of .xxi. yeres was by reason lawe respited Henry the sixt the sonne of this Henrye the .v. was nexte kyng of England in whoÌ the seignorie of Scotlande and custodie of this James beyng by law and reason disceÌded he maried the same James kyng of Scottes to the doughter of HeÌry Beauford then Earle of Somerset and toke for the value of this mariage the summe of one hundreth thousaÌd markes sterlyng This James kyng of Scottes at his ful age did homage to thesame kyng Henry the sixt for the kyngdome of Scotlande at Wyndsore This Henry the sixt reigned in this state quietly seazed of this seignorie ouer the Scottes without any chalenge or interrupcion by them .xlix. yeres and so thereof quietly dyed seazed Synce whiche tyme vnto the daies of Kyng Henrye the .vii. graundfather to our soueraigne lorde that nowe is albeit this realme hath been molested with diuersitie of titles in whiche vnmete time neither law nor reason admit prescripcion to the preiudice of any right yet did kyng Edwarde the forth next kyng of England by preparacion of war against the Scottes in the latter ende of his reigne sufficiently by al lawes induce the coÌtinuaunce of his claime to thesame superioritie ouer theim After whose death vnto the beginnyng of the reigne of our late soueraigne lord kyng Henry the viii exceded not the nomber of xxvii yeres aboute whiche tyme the impediment of our clayme chaunced of the Scottes part by the nonage of James their last kyng whiche so continued the space of .xxi. yeres lyke as whose minoritie was by all lawe reason impediment to him selfe to make homage so was thesame by like reason impediment to the kyng of this realme to demaund any so that the whole time of intermissioÌ of our claime in y e tyme of the sayd kyng Henry the viii is deduced vnto the nomber of xiii yeres But what nede I to examyne the intermission of our claime by any length of tyme since this superioritte passed the consentes of all Scotlande by their solempne acte of Parliament against whiche neither lawe nor reason can enhable theim to prescribe This haue I declared proued vnto you how Brute our first progenitr ohis people and their posteritie enioyed the whole Isle of great Britaigne in .xlii. discentes of kynges almost .vi. c. yeres before any Scottisheman came within it I haue also proued vn to you how after their commyng into it immediat war was made vpoÌ theim by the kynges of this Briteigne whiche ceased not vntill they wer expulsed all the bondes of it and albeit at diuers tymes they entred it again yet did these warres neuer ceasse agaiÌst them vntil they became subiectes in whiche state they haue remained about xvi C. yeres I haue also proued vnto you how from tyme to tyme synce y e beginnyng the Scottes receiued and obeyed the olde lawes and customes of this realme mooste of whiche remaine among theim to this day I haue further proued how their kynges haue been contributorye to the redempcion of kynges of this realme whiche is the duetie of onely subiectes I haue also proued vnto you howe the generall iurisdiccion ecclesiastical of Scotland many hundreth yeres after y e beginnyng was subiected to y e dioses and rule of tharchebishoppe of Yorke in Englande whereby also appeareth the same to be then vnder this dominion I haue likwise proued vnto you that WillyaÌ called the Conqueror of whom our king is linially discended was heire testameÌtary of the whole dominion by the testament of kyng Edward the coÌfessor though whiche were not true yet was y e obedieÌce of ScotlaÌd from the beginnyng inseperably appendaunt to the croune of this realme and folowed the possession of y e seignorie as thynges annexed lyke as the dignities of the Roman Empier folow the state of Rome according to whiche their homages and oure claymes haue been continued to this day I haue proued vnto you also howe thearldome of Huntyngdon was only atteined but by one of their kynges and that at the latter ende of his tyme long after y e kyng his brothers homage done for y e croune of Scotland and fortified surrendred by the next synce whiche time it neuer was restored again into any of their kynges haÌdes and yet to satisfie theim
AN EPItome of the title that the kynges Maiestie of Englande hath to the souereigntie of Scotlande continued vpon the auncient writers of both nacions from the beginnyng M. D. XLVIII CVM PRIVILEGIO AD IMPRIMENDVM SOLVM To the moste noble ⪠and excellent prince Edward the vi ⪠by the grace of GOD kâng of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendor of the ãâã and vpon yearth supreme hed of the Churche of Englande and Irelande ⪠your humble and obedieÌt subiecte Nicholas Bodrugan otherwise Adams wissheth loÌg life and the same prosperous and happie ALthough I knowe right well mooste noble Prince that ther be diuerse whiche bothe by their couÌsaill and writyng do to their vttermoste powers swade the vnion of Scotlande vnto youre highnes by the mariage of their Quene a meane thereunto bothe honourable and Godly Yet neuertheles the same study and furder declaracioÌ of your maiesties title to the superioritie thereof semeth vnto me to bee so indifferently perteinyng to all menne whiche doo professe obedience to youre highnes that no mannes studie ought to be taken as vain or vnthankefull whiche humbly bryngeth furthe to that common vse whatsoeuer iudgement profite or knowlege he supposeth to haue founde either by studie or inquisicioÌ foreseyng that in tempestious vpswellynges of water or shipwracke fire or other like calamities of men right acceptable vnto vs is the labor of those and thankes worthie which willyngly do runne to helpe vs although in the meane tyme there be other sufficient nombre to deliuer vs from the perill obiected Herefore moste noble prince perceiuyng the auncient ãâ¦ã this greate Britaigne and âââding suche plentie of writers coÌfessyng your superioritie of Scotland as could not by any entendement so fully consent vpoÌ any vntruth I thought it my deutie to offre vp thesame vnto youre highnes ⪠whiche histories like as almightie God hath from tyme to time in fauor of the truth and of your title preserued So hath his Godhed signified no lesse fauour to your highnes vouchesauyng to nobilitate thesame in the persone of your maiestie conserued vnto this youre tyme the noble house of Seymour whose auncester Eldulph de Samour beeyng then Erle of Gloucester many hundreth yeres a gone in the tyme of Kyng Aurelie Ambrose lewe Hengest the Saxon capitall enemy of the Briton nacion ây whiche noble seruice like as this Realme was deliuered from the tyrany of Saxons and restored to the whole Empire name of greate Briteigne so we youre obedient and louyng subiectes truste that the right noble duke of Somerset and the lorde Seimour of Sudeley your graces high Admirall youre Maiesties dere vncles shall in the seruice of your highnes for the like restitucion of the name and Empire of greate Briteigne vnto your highnes shew theÌselfes the worthie successors of such an auÌcester Neither haue I purposed herin with opprobrious wordes to skolde with the Scottes and thereby to wipe of one durt with another Neither ãâ¦ã builde vpon our awne Engâââââ auethors but all my purpoââââ by indifferent writers with plain and euident truth whiche thyng bothe time and maners do euermore require to publishe youre maiesties right and their defence folowyng therein for the more part VeremuÌd Camphil Cornelius de Hibernia and Boecius their awne auethors whiche peines because I haue assumed rather as a necessarie seruice to my couÌtrey then for mine awne glory I truste I shall offende none but suche whom it should bee ashame to please Myne inclinacioÌ is to haue the good worde of euery maÌ but the diseased malice of some cannot saie well of any Albeit touchyng the phrase and stile of this my writyng if thesame to any man shall not satisfie his expectacion let hym consider that in parte it behoueth to vse the wordes of the historie in whiche I am restrained by promise of an Epitome and that in the residue it was not my mynde to trisle with the fiue flowers of Rethorike but to bryng rather faithfull then painted gliteryng ouerture vnto thinges afflicted The veritie of the Histories I trust shall so hereby appere that both the good men of ScotlaÌde by reason and thenemies if any suche bee by their awne shame shalbe driueÌ to coÌfesse this myne assercion to be true and thesame suche as thoug the mariage by the iniquitie of some take not effecte yet to publishe to the world sufficient cause for the ãâ¦ã naunce of your majestieâ ãâã against them wherein the honor of a kyng may not geue place to their wilfull rebellion And for recouery whereof vndoubtedly almightie God for your syncere fauor to the auauncement of his holy woorde will by his promise as he hath begon continue your highnes in felicitie and victory ouer all his and your enemies wher vnto all youre true subiectes doo saie AMEN IF the veritie which auncient and indifferent writers haue made commoÌ to all nacions might aswell perswade the Nobles and Commons of Scotlande as it hath reason bothe to charge theÌ and disproue all their obieccioÌs thei would right sone laie doune their weapons thus rashely receiued to fight against the mother of their awne nacioÌ I mean this realme now called EnglaÌde the onely supreme seat of theÌpire of greate Briteigne In whose bosome cast with vs as bothe in one moulde thei haue receiued the same toungue lawe and language for asmuche therefore as nowe touchyng the mariage of their Quene there is nothyng of our part left vndoen that ought to perswade theim to concorde and thesame by diuerse of theim hetherto wholy neglected thei shall of my parte easely perceiue that to increase their errour approue their folly or allowe their obstinacie I am not disposed but contrarily by y e veritie wher in their awne writers shalbee no defence to theim but meere condempnacion to publishe to the world the state of these contencions our title their defeÌce pursuyng the which I will folowe y e wordes of thistorie as foloweth THE auncient writers of the Histories of this whole Isle of greate Briteigne coÌfesse that after our firste progenitor Brutus the yere from the beginnyng of the worlde .iiii. M. xxvii had arriued in this Isle and after his awne name had called it Briteigne he had issue thre sonnes Locryne Albanactus and Camber betwene whom after his deathe thei agreed in this particioÌ that Locryne had this first and worthiest part whiche now is called England Albanactus the second part now by the Scottes possessed by hym called Albania whiche their awne writers confesse and to Camber chauÌced the third part now called Wales the two better partes to be holden of the firste as of the worthiest of the bloud accordyng to the Troyan lawe from whence thei were discended whiche superiorite also by their different bearyng of the Armes of the father leuyng the entier cote in the eldest brother is sufficieÌtly testified vntill this daie The particion in this wise established Albanactus possessyng Albania was by Humbre his subiect miserably slam with out