an Expedition for the recovery of it out of the Hands of that implacable Enemy of Christianity He grants Indulgences to those who shall take upon them the Cross for the Holy War and renews in their favour the special Privileges that were allow'd by his Predecessors in the like Case In the Second Letter he ordains That to deprecate the Wrath of God the Faithful should be oblig'd to fast during five Years on all Fridays from Advent to Christmass and that they should abstain from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays By a Third Letter he confirms the Orders that his Predecessors had given to all the Ecclesiastical Judges to determine the Law-suits of private Persons The Five first Letters of Clement III. relate to the Contest that arose between John and Hugh Clement III's Letters about the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland In the Sixth he confirms the Rights and Immunities of the Church of that Kingdom The Seventh is the Act for the Canonization of Otto Bishop of Bamberg The First Letter of Celestin III. is directed to the Prelates of England whom he orders to Celestin III's Letters excommunicate all those who shall refuse to obey William Bishop of Ely Legate of the Holy See and Regent of the Kingdom in the absence of King Richard who was engag'd in the Expedition to the Holy Land By the Second he takes off the Excommunication denounced by Geffry Arch-bishop of York against Hugh Bishop of Durham The Third is the Act for the Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio The Fourth is an elegant Exhortation to induce the Christian Princes to make Peace that they may be in a Condition to regain the Holy Land In the Fifth directed to the Bishop of Lincoln he gives him a Commission to take cognizance of the Misdemeanours and Crimes of which the Arch-bishop of York was accus'd The Sixth sent to the Dean and Arch-deacon of the Church of Lincoln is written on the same Subject In the Seventh he constitutes Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and in the Eighth orders the Bishops of England to acknowledge and obey him in that Quality The Ninth is a Fragment of a Letter directed to the Arch-bishop of Sens in which he declares null the Divorce that Philip King of France had made with Queen Batilda the Daughter of the King of Denmark under pretence of nearness of Kin and enjoyns him to re-take her In the Tenth he entreats Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to levy Recruits to be sent into the Holy Land to King Richard The Three following Letters are written about the Disorders caus'd in the Church of York by the Arch-bishop He commits the Care and Reformation of that Church to Simon Dean of the Chapter and forasmuch as the Arch-bishop had appeal'd to the Holy See before the Bishop of Lincoln exhibited an Information against him he allows him time to come to Rome till the Festival of St. Martin but in case he do not then appear he orders the Bishop of Lincoln to proceed against him and in the mean while suspends him from the Government of his Province In the Fourteenth he orders Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to oblige those who had taken upon them the Cross for the Expedition to the Holy Land to set forward on their Journey at least unless they were prevented by a lawful Impediment This Letter is follow'd by that of Philip Bishop of Beauvais written to Pope Celestin in which that Prelate complains That the King of England enter d the Territories of Beauvaisis with his Forces in a hostile manner and took him Prisoner The Pope return'd an Answer in the following Letter That he had no reason to make a Complaint of the Misfortune that befel him since he presum'd to take up Arms contrary to the Duty of his Profession besides that the Conduct of the King of England ought not to be blam'd in regard that the King of France had unjustly taken from him divers Towns contrary to the solemn Promise that he had made to that Prince not to commit any Hostilities against him 'till his return to his Dominions That instead of performing that Promise he determin'd to take the advantage of his Confinement And that the King of England being at last set at Liberty had good reason to oppose the Enterprizes of the King of France In the Sixteenth he enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbot of St. Edmund to re-establish in one of the Churches of England the Monks that were turn'd out under colour of the Pope's Bull got by surprize upon a false Exhibition In the last directed to William King of Scotland he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches of that Kingdom CHAP. X. A Relation of the several Contests that Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had with Henry II. King of England THOMAS BECKET was a Native of the City of London the Capital of England His Father was nam'd Gilbert and his Mother Matilda Gilbert in his Youth took The Life of Thomas Becket before he was Arch-bishop of Canterbury upon him the Cross for the Holy War but upon his arrival at Jerusalem he was taken Prisoner and made a Slave by the Saracens During his Imprisonment he found means to obtain the favour of the Admiral 's Daughter in whose House he was confin'd and she conceiv'd so great an Affection for him that Gilbert having at last made his Escape she travell'd to London on purpose to meet him was baptiz'd there and afterwards marry'd to Gilbert by whom she had our Thomas who was born A. D. 1119. Before his Birth Gilbert return'd to the Holy Land where he continu'd three Years and a half having left his Wife in England This Gentlewoman took great care of the Education of her Son who in the very first blooming of his Youth shew'd the marks of what might be expected from him in a riper Age. He began his Studies at London and after having lost both his Father and Mother compleated them at Paris Upon his return to England he was employ'd in the management of Affairs and put himself into the Service of Theobald Arch-bishop of Canterbury At that time Henry Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen was Legate in England who abus'd his Quality and Authority treating the other Bishops and even his Metropolitan with intolerable Arrogancy Thomas advis'd Theobald to shake off the Yoke and was sent by him to Pope Celestin II. to obtain a Revocation of Henry's Commission insomuch that being arriv'd at Rome he negotiated that Affair so successfully that the Pope depriv'd Henry of his Dignity and conferr'd it on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas was no sooner return'd to England but Theobald entrusted him with the management of the Affairs of his Church made him Arch-deacon of it some time after and bestow'd on him many Benefices Afterwards King Stephen dying and Henry II. Duke of Normandy succeeding him Thomas was constituted
The Grant of Investitures disapprov'd of by the Cardinals 27 The Lateran Council in the Year 1112. Ibid The Decrees against Henry upon the account of Investitures 28 The second Journey of Henry V. into Italy 28 The Lateran Council held in the Year 1116. Ibid Henry enters Rome Paschal withdraws Ibid Paschal returns to Rome 29 Gelasus II. elected Pope 29 Henry comes to Rome and causes Mauritius Burdin to be proclaim'd Pope Ibid The Election of Calixtus II. 29 The Conference of the Emperour with William of Champeaux about Investitures 29 The Council of Rheims in the Year 1119 29 The Pope's Negotiation with the Emperour 30 The Canons of the Council of Rheims Ibid Calixtus II. is received into Rome and Burdin depos'd with Disgrace Ibid The Treaty betwixt Calixtus II. and Henry V. about Investitures Ibid The Rise and Progress of Investitures 31 The Ceremonies of Investitures Ibid The beginning of the Contest about Investitures 32 The state of the Question in the time of Paschal II. Ibid The state of it under Calixtus II. Ibid Remarks upon the Treaty concluded between Calixtus II. and Henry V. Ibid The Execution of the Treaty made with Henry 33 The Custom of France with respect to Investitures Ibid The Custom of England with respect to the same Ibid Investitures granted to particular Princes Ibid The first general Lateran Council in the Year 1123 Ibid The Letters of Paschal II. 34 The Letters of Gelasus II. 37 The Letters of Calixtus II. Ibid CHAP. III. THE History and Letters of the Popes Honorius II. Innocent II. Celestine II. Lucius II. Eugenius III. 38 Honorius II. 38 Innocent II. Ibid Celestine II. 39 Lucius II. 39 Eugenius III. Ibid The Letters of Honorius II. Ibid The Letters of Innocent II. Ibid The Letters of Celestine II. 40 The Letters of Lucius II. Ibid The Letters of Eugenius III. 40 41 The Letters of Anacletus II. the Anti-Pope 42 CHAP. IV. THE Life of St. Bernard together with an Account of his Writings 42 The Letters of St. Bernard 44 St. Bernard's Treatise of Consideration 68 His Treatise of the Duties of Bishops 70 His Treatise of the Commandments and Dispensations Ibid His Apology to William Abbot of St. Thierry 72 His Treatise in Commendation of the new Militia 74 His Treatise of the Degrees of Humility Ibid His Treatise of the Love of God Ibid His Treatise of Grace and Free-Will 75 His Letters to Hugh of St. Victor 75 76 The Life of St. Malachy by St. Bernard 76 St. Bernard's Sermons 76 Gilbert Abbot of Hoilanda Ibid William Abbot of St. Thierry 77 Geofrey Abbot of Igny Ibid Guigue Prior of the Great Chartress Author of the Ladder of the Cloyster Ibid The Works of those Anonymous Authors which are to be met with among those of St. Bernard Ibid The Works of Gueric Abbot of Igny Ibid The Lives of St. Bernard Ibid The Works of Geofrey St. Bernard's Disciple Ibid The History of St. Bernard's Miracles 78 Other Lives written by St. Bernard Ibid Nicholas Monk of Clairvaux 78 The Character and Judgment upon St. Bernard Ibid The Several Editions of his Works 78 79 CHAP. V. OF the Life and Writings of Peter Sir-named the Venerable Abbot of Cluny 79 CHAP. VI. AN Account of the Heresies which prevail'd in the Twelfth Century 86 The Hereticks of the Twelfth Century 86 An Account of the Heretick Henry Ibid The Errors of Peter of Bruis Ibid The Publication of the Errors of Henry and Peter of Bruis 87 The Hereticks of Perigueux Ibid The Heresie of Tancheline Ibid The Hereticks of Cologne Ibid The Hereticks of Toul 88 The Hereticks in Italy call'd Cathari 89 The Hereticks call'd Passagians Ibid The Heresie of Arnold of Bresse Ibid The Condemnation of the Hereticks in the Council of Tolouse in the Year 1119 89 90 Their Condemnation in the Synod of Oxford in the Year 1160 90 Their Condemnation in the Council of Tours in the Year 1163 Ibid The Council of Lombez in the Year 1176 against the Hereticks Ibid The Hereticks condemn'd at Tolouse 91 The Condemnation of the Albigenses in the Lateran Council in the Year 1179 91 The Heresie of Terrick Ibid The Hereticks call'd Publicans or Poblicans 91 The Errors of Eon de l'Etoile Ibid CHAP. VII AN Account of Peter Abaelard his Wrttings Errors and Condemnation 92 The Life and Adoentures of Abaelard 9â— The Council of Soissons in the Year 1121 93 The Letter of Heloissa to Abaelard 94 The Letter of Abaelard to Heloissa 95 Another Letter of Heloissa 95 Abaelard's Reply Ibid A Third Letter of Heloissa Ibid Abaelard's Reply 96 Abaelard's Letters 96 The Charge brought against Peter Abaelard 97 The Decrees of the Council of Sens in the Year 1140 against Peter Abaelard 100 The Pope's Confirmation of the Judgment pass'd by the Council of Sens 103 Abaelard's Apology Ibid The Retreat of Abaelard to Cluny and his Death Ibid The Examination of Abaelard's Doctrine The Works of Abaelard Ibid CHAP. VIII THE History of the Errors and Condemnation of Gilbert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers 113 The particular Opinions of Gilbert de la Porrée 113 The Council of Paris in the Year 1147. about him Ibid The Council of Rheims in the Year 1148. 113 114 The Condemnation of Gilbert in the Council of Rheims 114 The Writings of Gilbert de la Porrée 115 His Letter about the Eucharist Ibid CHAP. IX THE History and Letters of the Popes who sat upon the Papal's Chair from Eugenius III. to the end of this Century 115 Anastasius IV. 115 Adrian IV. 115 Alexander III. 116 The Council of Pavia in the Year 1160 against Alexander Ibid The Kings of France and England declare for Alexander Ibid The Assembly of Lodi in the Year 1161 117 Alexander III. goes into France Ibid A Conference at Avignon upon the Subject of Schism Ibid The Council of Tours held by Alexander in the Year 1163. 117 Alexander III. returns to Rome Ibid The Assembly of Wirtzburgh in the Year 1166 against Alexander Ibid The War of the Emperour Frederick in Italy 118 Pedâ—e concluded between Frederick and Alexander Ibid Lucius III. 119 Urban III. Ibid The Assembly of Geinlenheusen in the Year 1186. Ibid Gregory VIII Ibid Clement III. Ibid Celestine III. Ibid The Letters of Anastasius IV. 120 The Letters of Adrian IV. Ibid The Letters of Alexander III 121 The Letters of Lucius III. 122 The Letters of Urban III. 123 The Letters of Gregory VIII Ibid The Letters of Clement III. Ibid The Letters of Celestine III. Ibid CHAP. X. AN Account of the Contests between Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury and Henry II. King of England 124 The Life of S. Thomas before he was Arch-Bishop of Canterbury 124 The Election of S. Thomas to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury Ibid The Original of the Contests between the King of England and St. Thomas 125 The Assembly of London in
exasperated if they sometimes go beyond the bounds of their Authority but must be left to God's Judgment when they will not yield to the humble admonitions and Remonstrances of the Clergy for his part Ivo protests that were he oblig'd in obedience to his Superiors to readmit an Excommunicate person in to the Church without penance or satisfaction he would do it by some such Form as this Do not deceive your Self I admit you into the visible Church notwithstanding the Crimes you are guilty of but I cannot open to you the Gates of the Kingdom of Heaven and therefore I absolve you no farther than I have power to do it those of more Courage and Piety may find out better methods in such cases This seems to me proper enough not that I hereby prescribe to others but to prevent farther mischiefs to the Church think it best to submit thus far to the necessity of the Times The CLXXIId Letter contains a judgment given by Ivo in Favour of the Monks of St. Laurner at Blois against the Abbot and Monks of Vendôme concerning a Chappel near Baugency which he adjudges to belong to the Jurisdiction of the former notwithstanding the Abbot of Vendôme's having appeal'd to the Holy See In the CLXXIIId he relates to Pope Paschal what had pass'd at the Tryal of Rotroc who he tells him has now appeal'd to his Holiness In the CLXXIVth he assures Mathilda Queen of England that he will pray for the Soul of her Brother Edgar King of Scotland who died without issue in the Year 1107. for though he doubts not but his Soul is in Abraham's bosom yet since we cannot be certain of the State of Souls in the other World it is a piece of commendable Devotion to pray even for those in Heaven that their happiness may be augmented and for those in Purgatory that their sins may be forgiven them In the CLXXVth he excuses himself to Pope Paschal for not appearing at the Council he cites him to held at Troyes Anno 1107. by reason of his being very much indispos'd but tells his Holiness he has sent his three Arch-Deacons in his stead In the CLXXVIth to the same Pope he prays him not to oblige Volgrin Chancellor of the Church of Chartres to accept of the Bishoprick of Dol to which he was Elected by the Deputies of that Church in the Council of Troyes and. In the CLXXVIIth Letter he acquaints the Clergy of Dol that Volgrin will not accept of that Bishoprick In the CLXXVIIIth he Counsels Geofry Bishop of Beauvais to punish one of his Clergy who had admitted to Divine Service and consorted with an Excommunicated person In the CLXXIXth to Adela Countess of Chartres he complains of her denying the Clergy of his Church the privileges of Travelling the Roads and of buying Bread and Wine and threatens her in case she do not Revoke the Orders she has publish'd to this Effect that the whole Clergy of the Province shall dayly curse her at the high Altar The CLXXXth Letter gives Ledger Arch-Bishop of Bourges advice to abate sometimes the Rigour of justice and not to be so wholly govern'd by some of his Clergy as not to doe any thing but according to their Pleasures even in judicial matters as hapned lately in the case of Arnoulf of Vierson who was so exasperated by his hard usage that he was forc'd to appeal to Rome upon the very first hearing before them The CLXXXIst is to Richard Bishop of Albane the Popes Legate upon a dispute between the Monks of Vezelay and those of St. Lucian at Beauvais about a Church they both of them laid claim to The CLXXXIId is to Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens concerning a difference between Ivo and the Chapter of Chartres who had oppos'd and violently affronted him for conferring the Office of Sub-Dean upon Fulk The Arch-Bishop is agreed upon to be Judge between them and Ivo prays him to appoint the day and place where their cause shall be heard which he wishes may be at Chartres In the CLXXXIII to William Bishop of Paris he asserts that if a Man challenge a Woman for his Wife upon pretence that her Father promis'd her to him he must bring witnesses of such promise and that the Tryal by single combat is not to be allowed in cases of this Nature The CLXXXIVth to Walter Library-Keeper of Beauvais maintains that all Actions about Goods belonging to the Church are to be brought before Ecclesiastical Judges In the CLXXXVth he gives answer to what William Arch-Bishop of Rouen had written him about one who had gottten himself Ordain'd Sub-Deacon before he had pass'd the inferior degrees of Holy Orders In strictness of Law Ivo acknowledges that he should not be permitted to exercise the functions of the Order he has obtain'd nor to Rise to the higher Orders however if his Life and Conversation be unexceptionable and the good of the Church require it he thinks the Arch-Bishop may give him the Clerical Benediction and let him assist at Ordinations not to be Re-Ordain'd but to Confirm him in his Orders In the CLXXXVIth Letter he Answers several Questions propos'd to him by Laurence a Monk of the Monastery of Charity 1. He asserts that we are oblig'd to avoid only those that are Excommunicated for the most notorious and abominable faults 2. That of such we are not to receive any thing but in extream necessity nor are we to give them any thing but for their relief in utmost want and misery 3. That those of the Clergy who buy of Lay-men goods that formerly belong'd to the Church or receive such from them by way of Gift are much to blame if they doe it with any other design but of restoring them to the Church 4. That they who in private Confession discover themselves to be guilty of the greatest crimes are not therefore to be Excommunicated nor put to publick penance as publick offenders however they are to be admonish'd to abstain from the Sacrament and from the Functions of their Orders if they are Ecclesiasticks 5. That the Sacraments are not the less profitable for being administred by wicked Priests nor 6. by Simoniacal ones or such as are Married 7. That the People ought not to abandon their Prelate nor fail in their obedience to him though in many respects blameable till he is publickly Condemn'd or Excommunicated 8. That Confession of common and small sins may be made to any Christian but that great faults are to be confess'd only to those who have the power of binding and loosing 9. That one may entertain an Excommunicated Person provided he doe not Eat with him nor salute him In the CLXXXVIIth he admonishes the Countess of Chartres to leave troubling the Abbot and Monks of Bonneval on Account of the murder of Hugh the Black In the CLXXXVIIIth to Ralph Arch-Bishop of Rheims he delivers his opinion That a Woman who is deliver'd of a Child within two or three Months after her Marriage is not
Year as also the Honour and Dignity that he had conferr'd upon him in setting the Imperial Crown on his Head He declares at the same time That he does not repent of having given him Satisfaction and that he should be very glad to find an opportunity to bestow on him greater Favours if it were possible This Letter being deliver'd to Frederick by Bernard Cardinal of St. Clement and by Roland Cardinal Priest of St. Mark whom the Pope had sent on purpose to bear it That Prince at first entertain'd them very honourably but at the second Audience having read that Passage of the Letter in which it was express'd That the Pope had conferr'd on him the notable Benefit of the Crown he fell into so great a Passion that he could not forbear reviling the two Legates who had brought it ordering them immediately to retire out of his Dominions After their departure he prohibited all his Subjects to go to Rome and set Guards on the Frontiers to stop those who were about to travel thither Adrian having heard this News wrote the Third Letter to the Bishops of France and Germany in which after having related the Matter as it happen'd he entreats them to use their utmost endeavours to oblige Frederick to return to his Duty At the same time he wrote to him in the Fourth Letter That it was not his meaning that the Word Beneficium should be taken for a Fee but for a good Action that in that sense it might well be said That he had done him a Favour in conferring on him the Imperial Crown because he perform'd an Act of Kindness in so doing and that when he wrote that he gave him the Imperial Crown Giving denotes no more than that he set it upon his Head That they who had otherwise interpreted those Terms were spiteful Persons that only sought for an opportunity to disturb the Peace of the Church and of the Empire Lastly if that Expression were offensive to him he ought not nevertheless to have acted as he had done nor to forbid all his Subjects in general to go to Rome but he might have given him notice of it by his Ambassadors He gives him to understand that he sent two other Cardinals by the advice of Henry Duke of Bavaria and entreats him to receive them favourably to the end that the Business might be accommodated through the Mediation of that Duke The Letter in which Frederick desires the confirmation of Guy the Son of the Count of Blandrata chosen Arch-bishop of Ravenna follows the former It is written in very respectful and submissive Terms The Pope denies him that favour in the Fifth Letter under pretence that he was unwilling to remove Guy from the City of Rome and in the Sixth complains of Frederick's Letter because he set his own Name before that of the Pope exacted Homage and Fidelity of the Bishops refus'd to admit his Legates to Audience and hinder'd his Subjects from going to Rome The Seventh is written to the Arch-bishop of Thessalonica whom he exhorts to be reconcil'd with the Church of Rome and to procure the Re-union of the Greek Church The Eighth is a Confirmation of the Treaty made with William King of Sicily The Fifteen following are taken out of the fourth Tome of the Historians of France by Du-Chesne The Ten first and the Twenty Fourth are written in favour of Hugh Chancellor of that Kingdom to whom he grants an Arch-deaconry of Arras and the Revenues of a Prebend in the Cathedral of Paris He likewise wrote to the Bishops of Arras and Paris and to some other Persons on the same Subject The Three other Letters are directed to King Lewis and in the Twenty first he advises him to bring the Inhabitants of Veze'ay under subjection to the Abbots of that place and to oblige them to restore what they had taken from him The Twenty fifth twenty sixth Twenty seventh and Twenty eighth relate in like manner to the Abbey of Vezelay By the Twenty ninth he renders the Abbey of Baune in the Diocess of Besanson subject to the Jurisdiction of that of Cluny as a Priory that ought to depend on it The Six following relate to the Primacy of Toledo and the Affairs of Spain The Thirty sixth Thirty seventh Thirty eighth Thirty ninth and Fortieth treat of Matters concerning the Primacy Patriarchate and Rights of the Arch-bishop of Grado In the Forty seventh and last publish'd by M. Baluzius and directed to Berenger Metropolitan of Narbonne he confirms the Declaration made by Ermengarda Lady of the Mannor of Narbonne by which she prohibitted the Alienation of the Revenues and Estates of the Arch-bishop of that Province after his decease and denounces an Anathema against those who should presume to do it Father Dachery has inserted in the first Tome of his Spicilegium a Privilege granted by Pope Adrian IV. to the Monastery of Casaure The First Letter of Alexander III. is written to the Canons of Bononia about his Election Alexander III's Letters The Second to Arnulphus Bishop of Lisieux on the same Subject and about the Assembly of Pavia The Third is the Bull for the Canonization of Edward I. King of England The following relate to the Affair of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury except the Thirty second which is an Instruction to the Sulâ—â—n of Iconium who was desirous to embrace the Christian Religion The Forty fifth Forty sixth and Forty seventh are the Letters which were written by him concerning the Treaty of Peace that he made at Venice with the Emperor Frederick In the Forty eighth he recommends to a certain Indian King commonly call'd Prester John the Legate whom he sent into his Country In the Forty ninth he returns thanks to Hugh for a Book which he had sent to him and entreats him to endeavour to procure the Reconciliation of the Emperor of Constantinople with the Church of Rome The Fiftieth is the Letter for the calling of the General Council at Lateran The Fifty first is a Letter about the Opinion of Peter Lombard who maintain'd That Jesus Christ quatenus Man is not a Thing The Fifty second is a Confirmation of the Rights and Privileges of the Arch-bishop of Colen The Two following relate to the Erection of the Bishoprick of Alexandria della Paglia a City newly built in the Milanese Territory He nominated the first Bishop but to the end that that Nomination might not be prejudicial to the Inhabitants he left them the liberty of proceeding to an Election for the future The Fifty fifth Fifty sixth and Fifty seventh contain the Confirmation of the promotion of John to the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland against Hugh who was nominated by the King By the Fifty eighth directed to Casimir Duke of Poland he ratifies certain Constitutions made by that Prince for the preservation of Church Revenues The Fifty ninth is a circular Letter directed to all the Christian Princes in which he exhorts them to afford succours
St. Rictruda published by the Continuers of Bollandus to the 12th of May. BALDWIN Earl of Flanders and Emperor of Constantinople has writ a long circular Baldwin Letter being a Relation of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204 wherein he takes care to forget nothing that may render the Greeks odious It is to be met with in the Annals of Rainaldus and in a Collection of some Pieces by Aubert de la Mire GEOFFREY Lord of Villehardwin near Troies in Champagne composed in French the Geoffrey History of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins where he himself assisted It is written in an old Stile but after a noble and impartial manner GONTHIER a Monk in the Monastry of Paris in the Diocess of Basil who flourished about Gonthier the beginning of this Century has left us the History of the taking of Constantinople by the Latins the Circumstances of which he had from Abbot Martin an Eye-witness It was published by Canisius in the first Tome of his Antiquities ARNOLD Provost of the Church of Hildesheim and afterwards Abbot of Lubeck flourished Arnold in the Reigns of the Emperors Philip and Otho IV. He is the Author of the Continuation of the Chronicle of the Sclavonians made by Helmoldus from the year 1171 to the year 1209. This Work was printed at Lubeck in 1659 larger in the first Edition of Helmoldus at Franckfort in 1556 which contains only the nine first Chapters Yet this wants the four last Chapters which have been published by Meibomius with the Opuscula Historica and printed at Helmstadt in 1660. Vossius's Remarks upon this Author is that he is to be credited in what relates to the History of the Sclavonians but not in what he has written of the Histories of Italy Sicily and Greece GERVAIS Sirnamed of Tilbury from the name of the Town where he was born Gervais which is in England upon the Thames of the Family of Henry the II. King of England and Great Marshal of the Kingdom of Arles flourished much about the year 1210 and wrote divers Historical Works among others An Universal History of the Kingdoms of the West with the Title of Otia Imperialia An History of England and some others which are kept up in Libraries out of which there 's no great likelihood of their quickly being set free WALTER MAPES an Englishman distinguished himself by his Wit under Henry II. Walter Mapes John and Richard Kings of England Though he was Canon of Salisbury Chanter of Lincoln and afterwards Archdeacon of Oxford yet he could not forbear making Satyrical Verses upon the Popes Cardinals and other Ecclesiasticks wherein he very freely censures their Irregularities You may see these Poetical Pieces themselves in the first Tome of the memorable Lessons of Voltius and a Catalogue of them here The Revelation of Priest Golias Four Pieces against disorderly Ecclesiasticks and one against the Irregularities of the Court of Rome WILBRANDUS of Oldenburg Canon of Hildesheim in the year 1211 made a Voyage Wilbrandus into the Holy Land whereof he has given us a Relation a part of which was published by Allarius in his Collection of Pieces printed at Cologn in 1653. Allatius commends this Author for a learned and curious Man his Stile is close and Historical but he dos not make use of many barbarous words ROBERT a Regular Canon of the Order of Premontre in the Monastry of St. Marianus Robert and Hugh of Auxerre composed a Chronology from the beginning of the World to the year 1212 the time of his Death It was published by Nicholaus Camuzatus Canon of Tours and printed at Troies in 1608 with a Continuation of it by HUGH Canon Regular of the same Monastry LAMBERT of Leige a Benedictine Monk of St. Laurence of Duitz is thought most probably Lambert to have flourished at the beginning of this Age. He wrote the Life of Herbert Archbishop of Cologn some Hymns and some Epigrams About the same time the Life of St. William Abbot of Roschild who died in 1202 was wrote A nameless Author by an Anonymous Author PETER a Monk of the Valleys of Cornay of the Order of Citeaux in the Diocess of Paris Peter accompanied his Abbot Guy afterwards Bishop of Carcassonne in his Voyage to Languedock to encounter the Albigensâ—s he being one of the 12 Abbots appointed by Innocent III. for this purpose Peter by the Order of Innocent III. has wrote a History of the Albigenses printed at Troies in 1615 and in the Library of Citeaux published by Father Tissier We shall have occasion to talk of him when we come to the History of the Albigenses About the same time WILLIAM of Puilâ—â—rent wrote a Chronicle of the Heresy of the William Albigenses printed at Thoulouse in 1623 and among Duchesne's French Historians JOHN of Oxford Dean of Salisbury flourished about the beginning of this Century and John of Oxford wrote a History of England and a Relation of his Voyage into Sicily About the same time with him lived JOHN Abbot of Fordeham Confessor to John John of Fordeham King of England He wrote the Life of St. Wolfrick the Actions of King John and a Chronicle of Scotland About the year 1214 JOCELINE BRAKELONDE an English Monk of the Monastry Joceline of Brakelonde John Gray of Usk composed a Chronicle of his Monastry a Treatise of the Election of Hugh and the Life of St. Robert Martyr JOHN GRAY Bishop of Norwich much about the same time wrote a Chronicle as did Adam of Barking HUGH WHITE a Benedictine Monk of Peterborough has wrote a History of his own Hugh White Monastry and of the Foundation of the Church of Mercy PREPOSITIVUS a famous Divine of Paris flourished about the year 1225. He composed Prepositivus a Sum of Scholastical Divinity which has not yet been printed but is very common in Manuscript in Libraries St. Thomas sometimes quotes it in his Sum. CESAIRE Monk of the Order of Citeaux in the Monastry of Heisterback into which he Cesaire was entred in 1199 and was afterwards made Prior of that of Villiers in Brabant composed a great Work in 12 Books Dialogue-wise in imitation of St. Gregory containing an account of the Miracles and Visions that happened in his time particularly in Germany He assures us in the Preface that none of it is his own Invention but all that he wrote he had from others But yet he is not to be excus'd for his too easily crediting those who did not deserve it and upon their relation heaping together as he has done in this Work a great many idle and forged Stories He likewise composed in 1226 three Books of the Life and Passion of St. Engelbert Arch-bishop of Cologn and Homilies upon the Sundays and Holidays of the whole year These Works have been printed viz. His History of Miracles at Cologn in 1591 and in Father Tissier's first Tome
At first the Clergy and Laity were alarm'd at his Coming but that Cardinal behav'd himself with The Council of London 1237. a great deal of Moderation and Prudence He reconcil'd the Lords refus'd part of the Presents which they offer'd him and appointed a Synod to be held at London for the reforming the Discipline The King of England shew'd him a great deal of Respect which made the Grandees of the Kingdom to murmur The King of Scotland was more reserv'd and would not permit the Legate to enter his Dominions telling him that he had no occasion for a Legate in his Kingdom that all was well enough there that they had never seen any Legate there that he would never suffer any that besides he would not do well to expose his Person by coming thither because the People of his Country were Savage and Cruel and might perhaps abuse him The Council Appointed to be Held at London by the Legate was Held there on the next Day after the Octave of St. Martin The Legate appear'd there seated on a Magnificent Throne the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury on his Right-Hand and the Arch-Bishop of York on his Left who both of them made Protestations for the preservation of their Privileges Afterwards the Legate made a Speech to the Prelates of the Council on the Prudence and Wisdom of Ecclesiasticks On the Morrow the King sent Commissioners to the Council who should warn the Legate That he did nothing which might infringe the King's Prerogative and one of them stay'd in the Council to take care of it The Legate order'd the Letters of his Legation to be Read On the third Day they made an end of Reading the Decrees which the Legate propos'd in the Council which began to be Read the first Day They are Thirty one The First concerns the Dedication of Churches and implies That it deriv'd its Original from the Old and New Testament and has been observ'd by the Holy Fathers under the New That it ought to be Solemniz'd with greater Dignity and Care since then they only Offer'd Sacrifices of Dead Beasts whereas now they Offer on the Altar by the Hands of the Priest a Living and True Sacrifice namely the Only Son of God Therefore the Fathers have with Reason order'd That so Sublime an Office should be Celebrated only in Consecrated Places at least when no necessity requires its being done elsewhere Having therefore seen and understood that a great many despise or neglect this Sacred Ministry and having met with a great many Churches even Cathedrals which tho' Ancient have not as yet been Consecrated with the Holy Oyl to remedy this Neglect they order That all Cathedral Conventual and Parochial Churches which are compleatly Built shall be Consecrated within two Years by the Diocesan Bishops or by their Authority and the same time is prescrib'd for those which shall be Built hereafter And that this Stature may be observ'd they prohibit the Celebration of Mass in those Churches which shall not have been Consecrated within two Years after they shall be Built They forbid the Abbots and Curates to pull down old Consecrated Churches under a pretence of making them finer without the consent of the Bishop of the Diocess who shall take care to see whether it be fit to be granted or no and if he grants it he shall see that the new One be finish'd forthwith As to Chappels they order nothing in particular with respect to them The next Canons contain the Doctrine of the Sacraments In the Second the number of them is determin'd and 't is declar'd That they ought to be Celebrated with Purity and Graâ—…tously The Third is upon Baptism 't is therein determin'd That the time of Administring it Solemnly is Holy Saturday and the Saturday in Whitsun-Week that Infants ought to be Baptiz'd on those Days and it enjoins Curates to Teach their Parishioners the Form of Baptism that so they may Administer it in Case of necessity The Fourth is against those who require Money for giving Absolution and the other Sacraments The Fifth imports That the Bishops shall take care to Nominate in each Deanery Prudent and Wise Confessors to Confess the Clerks who are asham'd to Confess themselves to the Deans and that there shall be in Cathedrals a General Penitentiary The Sixth That those who are to be Ordain'd shall be Examined and that a Register shall be kept of those who shall be Approv'd that so others might not mix themselves with them The Seventh prohibits the Farming out of Benefices and especially Dignities The Eighth imports That if any Churches be Leas'd out it shall be only for five Years The Ninth That they shall not Let out Leases for ever The Tenth That the Vicars shall be Priests and oblig'd to Personal Residence in the Churches which they are to Serve The Eleventh That they shall not give away the Benefices of the Absent upon the Report of their being Dead unless they are assur'd of it The Twelfth prohibits the dividing of Benefices The Thirteenth renews the Decrees concerning Residence and against those who have Pluralities The Fourteenth regulates the manner of the Habits of the Clergy and recommends to the Bishops to be the first in giving an Example to others The Fifteenth to prevent the Marriages which some Clerks contracted Clandestinely to save their Benefices declares the Children born of such Marriages uncapable of holding Benefices The Sixteenth renews the Ecclesiastical Statutes against Clerks who kept Concubines The Seventeenth prohibits the Children of Clerks from Possessing the Benefices of their Fathers The Eighteenth is against those who Protect and give Shelter to Highway-Men The Nineteenth prohibits all the Monks from Eating Flesh and orders That their Novices shall be oblig'd to Profess at the end of their Year Which is likewise extended to Regular Canons The Twentieth enjoins the Arch-Deacons to do their Duty with Diligence and not to burden the Churches by excessive Duties of Procuration The Twenty first forbids the Ecclesiastical Judges to hinder the Parties from Agreeing The Twenty second exhorts the Bishops to Reside in their Churches there to Celebrate Divine Service on the chief Festivals of the Year on the Sundays of Advent and Lent and to see that their Diocesses be Visited The Twenty third imports That Care shall be taken to Place able Judges especially in Matrimonial Causes and that the Judges of Abbots who are in Possession shall not pass a definitive Sentence till after they have Consulted the Bishop of the Diocess The Eight other Constitutions relate to the various Forms of Justice and the Conditions which make these Acts Authentick These Decrees were Read in the Council and the Prelates of England hearkened to them very quietly There was only the Bishop of Worcester who Remonstrated touching the Prohibition of having Pluralities That this Law could not be observ'd in England because there were a great many Persons of Quality that enjoy'd several Benefices who liv'd honourably upon them and
Century Genuine Works c. Collections of the Decretals BERNARD Of Compostella Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works still Extant A Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. A Commentary or the Decretals A Treatise of Cases on the five Books of Decretals A Collection of the Bulls of the Pope An Anonymous AUTHOR Who Flourish'd under Innocent III. A Genuine Work c. A Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. Writ during and since the General Council of Lateran WILBRAND Of Oldemburg Canon of Hildesheim Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Relation of the Expedition to the Holy Land ROBERT Regular Canon of Premontre Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Chronology from the beginning of the World to the Year 1212. JOHN Of Oxford Dean of Salisbury Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works c. The History of England The Relation of his Voyage into Sicily JOHN Abbot of Fordeham Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works c. The Life of S. Wolfric The Actions of John King of England The Chronicle of Scotland JOCELIN Of Brakelande Monk of Uske Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The Chronicle of the Monastery of Uske A Treatise of the Election of Hugh The Life of S. Robert JOHN GREY Bishop of Norwich Flourish'd the beginning of thâ— Century Dyed in the year 1216. A Genuine Work c. His Chronicle ADAM Of Barkingen an Englishman Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. His Chronicle HUGH WHITE Monk of Peterburgh Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The History of the Monastery of Peterburgh The Original of the Church of Mercia S. FRANCIS Of Assisy Born in 1182. Founded his Order in the year 1208. Dyed in the year 1226. Genuine Works c. Treatises of Piety WILLIAM Deacon of the Church of Bourges Flourish'd in the beginning of the Century A Manuscript A Treatise against the Jews MANUEL CHARITOPULA Patriarch of Constantinople from the year 1221. to the year 1226. Genuine Works c. An Answer to the Queries of the Bishop of Pella Two Decrees about Marriage HONORIUS III. Pope Elected July 8. 1216. Dyed April 18. 1227. Genuine Works still Extant A Collection of his Decretals Several Letters in the Annalists in the Councils in the Bullary in the Decretals and in the Miscellanies of Monsieur Baluze ALEXANDER NECKAM Abbot of Exeter Made Abbot in the year 1215. Dyed in the year 1227. Manuscripts See the Catalogue of them p. 60. HELLINAND Monk of Froimont Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Dyed in the year 1227. Genuine Works c. The four last Books of his Chronological History A Letter concerning an Apostate Monk The History of S. Gereon the Martyr Manuscripts A Treatise of the Apocalypse An Encomium on the Monastical Life SANTHONY Of Padua the Disciple of S. Francis Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Dyed in the year 1231. Genuine Works c. Sermons A Mystical Exposition of the Holy Scriptures A Moral Concordance on the Bible RICERUS The Disciple of S. Francis Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the Methods of easily attaining the Knowledge of the Truth MAURICE Archbishop of Roan Made Bishop of Mans in 1219. Translated to Roan in 1231. Dyed in 1234. Genuine Works c. Three Letters JOHN ALGRIN Of Abbeville Cardinal Made Archbishop of Bezancon in 1225. Cardinal in 1227. Dyed in 1236. A Genuine Work c. Notes on the Canticles A Manuscript Several Sermons JORDANUS Of the Order of Preaching Fryats Made General of his Order in the year 1222. Dyed in the year 1236. Genuine Works c. The History of the first Rise of the Order of Dominicans A Circular Letter about the Translation of the Body of S. Dominick GERMANUS NAUPLIUS Patriarch of Constantinople Made so in 1226. Dyed in 1243. Genuine and Spurious Works See the Catalogue of them p. 86. CAESAREUS Of Heisterbac Prior of Villiers Flourish'd from the year 1199. to the year 1226. Genuine Works c. Two Books of the History of Miracles The History of S. Engelbert Sermons PRAEPOSITIVUS A Divine of Paris Flourish'd about the year 1225. A Manuscript A Body of Divinity HUGH Regular Canon of S. Marian of Auxerre Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work still Extant The Continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of S. Marian CONRAD Of Lâ—â—chtenau Abbot of Ursperg Made Abbot in 1215. Dyed in the year 1240. A Genuine Work c. A Chronicle to the year 1229. RODERICK XIMENES Archbishop of Toledo Advanc'd to that See in the year 1208. Dyed in the year 1245. Genuine Works c. The History of Spain The History of the Huns and Vandals The History of the Arabians The History of the Romans HENRY Count of Calva Abbot of Richenou Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Pirrâ—in CONRAD Prior of Schur Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The History of the Monastery and Abbots of Schur A Work lost A Chronicle ECKERHARD Dean of S. Gal. Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Notger WILLIAM Monk of S. Dennis Flourish'd about the same time Works lost Three Books of History RADULPHUS NIGER An Englishman Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Manuscripts Two Chronicles the one Copious the other Abridg'd The History of William the Conqueror of John and of Henry III. Kings of England The Relation of an Expedition to Jerusalem ALEXANDER Of Somerset Abbot of Esby Flourish'd about the year 1220. Manuscripts The Lives of the Saints A Calendar in Verse CONRAD Monk of Schur Flourish'd about the yeâ—â— 1220. A Manuscript A Chronicle RIGORD and WILLIAM The Britain Flourish'd about the year 1230. Genuine Works c. The History of Philip Augustus King of France by Rigord The Life of the same King in Verse by William the Briton FABIAN HUGâ—â—IN Of the Order of 〈◊〉 Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Francis and his Companions CONRAD Of Everbaâ— Abbâ—â— Flourish'd about the same time 〈◊〉 A Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the 〈◊〉 of the Order of Citeaux JOHNGAL Abbot of Fontenelle Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Walfran ALBERTUS Prior of Mont des Vignes Flourish'd about the same time Genuine Works c. The Lives of S. Beatrice S. Aldegonda and S. Amand. GERARD Monk of S. Quentin of Lisle Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work still Extant The Relation of the Translation of our Saviour's Crown of Thorns HUGH Regular Canon of Premontre at Floreff Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The Lives of S. Iva and S. Ivetta CONRAD Of Marpourg of the Order of Dominicans Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The History of the Life and Miracles of S.
their General than his but the General would not obey him but answered the Pope proudly Nevertheless he desired Eight days Consideration and in the mean time fled with two other Grey-Friars to Marseille The Pope sent after him to seize him but he was Embarked to Sail into Italy whither he was going to Lewis of Bavaria and the Antipope John de Corbario John XXII proceeded against Michael de Cesena deposed him and order'd the Grey-Friars to choose another General This Pope had another Contest of greater Consequence concerning the time when the Beatifick The Question of the Happiness of the Saints after death debated by Joh. XXII Vision of God is granted to those who die in a State of Religion In a Sermon which he preached the Third Sunday in Advent 1329. he maintained That the Blessed should not see the Trinity before the Day of Judgment He taught the same Doctrine in another Sermon which he preach'd on the Feast of All-Saints 1331. which he caused to be transcribed and he gave out several Copies of it Lastly In a Third Sermon which he preach'd on the Eve of Epiphany in 1332. he asserted That till the Day of Judgment the Souls of the Saints were under the Altar and did not see the Holy Trinity but only the Humanity of Jesus Christ. This Opinion offended several persons and moved the Divines of the Contrary Judgment A White-Friar named Thomas de Wallis had the Boldness to preach the Contrary Doctrine at Avignon by which he incensed the Pope so much that he put him in Prison and caused him to be fed with Bread and Water only Durandus à S. Portiano of the Order of Friars Preachers and Bishop of Meaux made a Treatise against that Opinion which much disturbed the Pope's Mind whereupon he Summoned him before him and Examined his Work The Cardinals and other Divines of his Court who were before offended at his Opinion remained silent for Fear or out of respect to the Pope and some also embraced and maintained that Opinion but the Doctors of Paris openly disapproved it and made a great Noise about it The Pope after this sent two Legates to Paris viz. Gerhard Minister-General of the Grey-Friars and another Monk of the Order of Preaching-Friars to Treat of a Peace between the Kings of England and Scotland and charged them to insinuate their Opinion to the Doctors of Paris The first of them attempting to teach it publickly at Paris in a Meeting of the Students caused a great Disturbance so that his Companion had much a-do to appease them King Philip of Valois was much troubled at the Offence and false Doctrine which that Monk had taught and the latter went to his Majesty to pacifie him The King fearing lest he should perplex himself with the Theological Question answer'd him That he would not discourse him but in the presence of some Divines and having Summoned Ten of the most Able Doctors of Paris of whom Four were Grey-Friars he asked them in the presence of this Minister What was their Judgment concerning the Doctrine which he had taught They all Condemned it as False and Heretical but they could not agree about it A few days after the King caused all the Doctors of Divinity Bishops and Abbots about Paris to meet in the Castle of St. Vincent and invited this Minister thither and propounded two Questions in French to them I. Whether the Souls of the Saints see the Face of God as soon as they are Dead II. Whether the Vision which they have presently after their Death shall cease at the Day of Judgment and another come in stead of it They all answer'd Affirmatively to the First Question And to the Second they said That the Vision that the Saints have presently after Death shall not cease at the Day of Judgment but remains for ever but some of them said that it shall be more perfect after the Day of Judgment The Minister consented to the Opinion of these last at least in appearance The King desired a Certificate of what was thus concluded by this Assembly which they composed and was sealed with the Seals of 29 Divines then present They wrote about it to the Pope and the King wrote to him also himself that he thought it safest to follow the Judgment of the Doctors of Divinity of Paris who knew better what ought to be held and believed in Matters of Faith than Civilians or other Divines who knew little of Divinity That he would Punish those that taught the Contrary threatning him if we may believe Cardinal Peter d' Ailly to Burn him if he did not retract The King also published by Mistake the Judgment of the Faculty The Pope in his Answers to the King complains That his Majesty fixed on the Affirmative so positively and prays him not to rush upon things with so much Passion assuring him that he had no Design fully to determine that Question but to debate it and search out the Truth He wrote to the University to allow the Batchelors of Divinity to defend either of the Opinions and caused his Divines to collect such Passages as might be alledged Pro Con to put things in a way to the Decision of it The Faculty of Divinity would not endure that delay but stuck close to their Doctrine Lastly When John XXII had resolved to determine this Question in a Consistory which he appointed to meet Dec. 2. 1334. he fell Sick and retracted as some say just at the point of Death his Opinion by an Authentick Declaration in which he owns That Souls separated from the Body which are purged from their Sins are in the Kingdom of Heaven and in Paradise with JESUS CHRIST in the Company of Angels That they see God Face to Face and the Divine Essence as clearly as the state and condition of a Soul separated from the Body will permit That he recanted all that he had said preach'd or written against this Doctrine This Declaration is dated Dec. 3. 1334. a few moments before his Death and related by Peter Harantals a Canon Regular of the Order of Praemonstratenses in the Life of this Pope John XXII in the Second Year of his Pontificate Octob. 21. published the Decretals of his Predecessor Clement V. made in the Council of Vienna or a little before and after that Council The Letters of John XXII which Clement V. had already digested in his Life-time which make up the Five Books of Clementines which are in the Body of Civil Law and joyned 20 others of his Constitutions to it which he calls Extravagants to which Five other Books of Common Extravagants have been added among which are several Decretals of Boniface VIII Benedict XI and John XXII In one of his Constitutions He Abrogates the Society of the Fratricolli Beghardi or Beghinae which had spread themselves in all places They were a kind of Monks or Nuns who made a Vow of Poverty and Beggery and assumed a particular Habit
that expulsion Wilfrid enjoyed that Arch-bishoprick peaceably during King Oswi's Reign but he was turned out of it in the beginning of Egfrid's Reign towards the year 670. being deposed by Theodorus himself He presently withdrew into Friesland and thence went to Rome He was very well entertain'd by Pope Agatho who restored him to his Dignity in a Council of Bishops and that Sentence was confirm'd by the Popes Benedict and Sergius Being fortified with this Authority he came back again into England where he met with bad Entertainment and was imprisoned by the order of Queen Ermenburge Egfrid's Wife Being got out he went to preach the Gospel to the South-Saxons and baptized as it s believed Edelwach or Ethelwolfe their King Theodorus seeing That he had suffered himself to be surprized by S. Wilfrid's Enemies reconciled himself with him and prevailed with King Alfrid to consent to his re-establishment he return'd to York in 686. but five years after he was expelled again for refusing to receive some Constitutions made by Theodorus Arch-bishop of Canterbury He returned to his Bishoprick of Lichfield which he found vacant Some years after he was invited by Brithwald Arch-bishop of Canterbury to be present at a Synod within two Leagues of Rippon in hope of an agreement They urged him to withdraw into his Abby of Rippon and to quit his Bishoprick He did not only refuse to do it but he had recourse to the Holy See Therefore he went to Rome again and purged himself before Pope John in a Synod in the presence of the Deputies of both Parties and was declared innocent With this sentence he returned into England but Alfrid would not permit it to be executed Sexulfus who succeeded him continued in the same resolution but being turn'd out two Months after and Ofred having succeeded him Brithwald Arch-bishop of Canterbury went into Northumberland and there held a Synod in 705. near the River Nid at which the King also and the Officers and the great ones of the Country were present They read the Pope's Letters and after some difficulties raised by the Bishops of the Country they were reconciled and that long Contest was thus happily ended Wilfrid yielded up his Episcopal See of York to John of Beverly and he was restored to the possession of the Church of Haguestad and of the Abby of Rippon He died in 709. These Matters of Fact are certain being affirmed by Eddi S. Wilfrid's Disciple and Author of his Life by John VII's Letters and the relation of Bede's and William of Malmsbury A Council of Rome under Gregory II. THIS Council was held in April 721. in S. Peter's Church Twenty two Bishops were present at it among whom there was one of Spain one of England and another of Scotland Council of Rome Eleven Priests and 5 Deacons Gregory II. presided in it and published the Constitutions which were approved by all that were present The Eleven first are against them that Marry their Kindred Persons consecrated to God or the Wives of Priests and Deacons or who steal away Widows and Maidens The Twelfth is against those that consult Diviners or Sorcerers or use Enchantments The Thirteenth against those that invade Gardens or Places belonging to the Church The Fourteenth Fifteenth and Sixteenth against a * Adrianus the Son of Exhilaratus private Man who had married the Deaconness Epiphania And the Seventeenth against Clerks wearing long Hair A Council of Germany under Carloman THIS Council was assembled in Germany An. 742. by the order of Carloman the French Prince Boniface held the first place there Both the number of the Bishops and the place Council of Germany of it * In Longus Abridgment of the Councils it is said to have been at Râ—tisbon or Augsburg are unknown The Canons of this Council are set down in the Capitularies under the name of Carloman who declares That following the advice of his Bishops Monks and Lords he caused Bishops to be ordain'd in his Towns and subjected them to the Arch-bishop Boniface the Legate of the Holy See That he hath ordered a Synod to be kept every year in his Presence to re-establish the Churches Rights and to reform Manners and Discipline That he hath caused Church-lands that had been invaded to be restored hath deprived wicked Priests Deacons and Clerks guilty of Fornication of the Ecclesiastical Revenues degraded them and put them to Penance This is the sum of the first Canon The 2d imports That he hath forbidden Clerks to bear Arms or to go to the Army except those that have been chosen to celebrate Divine Service there and to carry the Relicks of Saints that is one or two Bishops with two Chaplains and two Priests for the Prince and for the Lord one Priest only to hear Confessions and impose Penances He forbids the Chair or Pulpit to the Clerks By the 3d Canon he enjoins Parsons to be subject to their Bishop to give him an account once a year in Lent of their Ministry to receive him when he is Visiting to go every year to fetch new Chrism on Holy-Thursday before Easter That the Bishop may be a Witness of the Chastity Life Faith and Doctrine of his Presbyters The 4th prohibits admitting into the Presbyterial or Episcopal Functions unknown Priests or Bishops before they be examined in a Synod The 5th orders Bishops with the help of the Magistrates to purge their Diocess from Pagan Superstitions The 6th ordains That he or she that shall henceforward fall into the Crime of Fornication shall be imprison'd and shall do Penance there with Bread and Water and if he be a Priest that hath committed this Crime he shall be shut up for two years having been whipt till the Blood comes and then the Bishop shall lay on him what Penance he pleases And if it be a simple Clerk or Monk he shall be whipt three times and then shut up for one year That the Nuns which have received the Veil shall be used after the same manner and shaved The 7th forbids Presbyters and Deacons to wear close Coats as Laicks do and ordains That they shall use long Cassocks It forbids them to have Women in their Houses with them It enjoins Monks and Nuns exactly to follow S. Benedict's Rule The Council of Lestines AN. 743. the same Carloman assembled a Council at Lestines near Cambray the Canons whereof do immediately follow the last mention'd in the Book of the Capitularies They go also Council of Lestines under Carloman's name declaring That in the Assembly then held at Lestines the Bishops Nobles and Governors of Provinces have confirm'd the foregoing Decrees of the Assembly promising to observe them to receive the Canons of the Fathers and to re-establish the Church-discipline and Doctrine in its Splendor That the Abbots and Monks have received S. Benedict's Rule and promised to keep it That they have degraded and put to Penance such Priests as are guilty of Adultery or Fornication and ordained
These are the Principles and Maxims which St. Bernard establishes in this Treatise which agree St. Bernard's Letter to Hugh of St. Victor with the Doctrine of St. Austin concerning the Nature of Free-Will and the necessity and efficacy of Grace without which Man could not perform any thing towards his Salvation The Tenth Treatise of St. Bernard is a Letter address'd to Hugh of St. Victor against some Opinions which an Anonymous Author had laid down which were 1. That the Baptism of Jesus Christ had been obligatory ever since our Saviour had said to Nicodemus Whoever is not born anew by Water and the Holy Spirit shall never enter into the Kingdom of Heaven 2. That no Body can be sav'd without actually receiving the Sacrament of Baptism or Martyrdom in its stead 3. That the Patriarchs of the Old Testament had as clear a knowledge of the Incarnation of the Christians 4. That there is no such thing as a Sin of Ignorance 5. That St. Bernard was mistaken in that passage of his Homilies where he says that even the Angels were not acquainted with God's Design touching the Incarnation As to the first he says that it would be a hard case that what Jesus Christ spoke in particular should be taken for a general Precept to oblige all Mankind He is of Opinion that Original Sin was remitted to the Jews by Circumcision during the time of the antient Law and to the faithful amongst the Gentiles either by their own Faith or by that of their Parents and that the Obligation of being Baptiz'd under penalty of Damnation did not commence till after the Promulgation of the Gospel As to the second he is of Opinion that the Adult may be sav'd without actually receiving Baptism if so be they cannot be Baptized although they desire it because that actual Baptism is here supply'd by Faith and Vows This he proves from divers passages out of St. Ambrose and St. Austin who says he are two Authorities which I cannot possibly dissent from but with whom I am always resolved to be either in the right or the wrong He adds that what supplies Baptism in case of Martyrdom is not the Pain but the Faith of him that suffers In relation to Infants who can have no Faith he owns that they cannot be saved without Baptism although they might be sav'd by the Faith of others when they actually receive it As to the third he says that if the faithful of the Old Law had as clear a knowledge of our Mysteries as we our selves God would have been either too liberal to them or too reserv'd towards us That the Gospel would not have been then above the Law that St. Paul would have been in the wrong to boast that he and the other Apostles received the first Fruits of the Spirit of God that this would be to do a considerable Injury to St. John Baptist. And lastly that the Prophets have not been all equally enlightned with our Mysteries and that even among Christians some have more knowledge in those matters than others As to the fourth he affirms that there are Sins of Ignorance and that the Author of this Proposition ought to agree with him since he has before maintain'd that the Precept of Baptism given to Nicodemus in private obliged those who could have no knowledge of it that it was moreover evident by the Holy Scriptures that there are Sins of Ignorance for thâ—… the Prophet David expresly prays to God not to lay his Sins of Ignorance to his Charge also Moses speaks of Sins committed through Ignorance and St. Paul is said to have persecuted the Church without knowing what the Church was and our Saviour Christ beg'd of his Father to forgive them that Crucify'd him in that they were ignorant of the Sin they committed As to the fifth he explains what he had said concerning the Angels knowing nothing of the mystery of the Incarnation before Gabriel came to acquaint the Virgin of the Circumstances of time and place of the Incarnation the manner thereof and the Person chosen to be the Mother of God We will forbear speaking of the Treatise against the Errors of Abaelard till we come to the History of that Author so that there remains no more of the Treatises of St. Bernard in this second Tome than The Life of St. Malachy c. the Life of St. Malachy and the Tract concerning Singing neither of which require any Observation The third Tome contains St. Bernard's Sermons throughout the whole Year upon the several Feasts and other matters of Moment These are his other Works being writ with as elborate as Spirit St. Bernard's Sermons and abounding with lively and solid Thoughts very proper to move the Heart He preach'd most of them to his Monks whom most commonly he exhorted publickly every day Father Mabillon shews in his Preface that although there might have been several Converts among these Monks who did not understand Latin yet for the most part these Sermons were delivered in that Language as their style sufficiently demonstrates He owns also that St. Bernard might sometimes have preach'd in the Vulgar Tongue for the benefit of those that did not understand Latin The last Tome of the first Volume of St. Bernard's Works contains his Sermons upon the Canticles amounting to the number of 86 and being upon the two first Chapters and the first Verse of the third Chapter they comprehend an infinite number of both Moral and Spiritual Thoughts which he draws out of the words of the Text either by explaining the Text after a mystical manner or giving it an allegorical Sence or adapting it to other Subjects It is a wonderful thing to consider how ready he is at this manner of writing and how he could be capable of composing so vast a Work of such different matters upon two such short Chapters as those of the Canticles The second Volume of Works that go under St. Bernard's Name is divided into two Tomes The first contains a Continuation of the Commentary on the Canticles This belongs to Gilbert of Hoiland Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland a little Island between England and Scotland where there was a Monastery of Monks and Nuns whereof he was Abbot depending on the Bishop of Lincoln He was of the Order of Cisteaux and dy'd in the Year 1172 in a Monastery of the Diocess of Troyes in Champagne This Continuation is of the same Nature with the Work of St. Bernard and is divided into forty eight Sermons all which do not go beyond the 10th Verse of the 5th Chapter This is follow'd by seven other Ascetical Treatises and four Letters by the same Author This Tome contains several other Tracts attributed to St. Bernard although it is certain he was not the Author of them The first is a Letter or a Book address'd to the Fryars of Mont-dicu which is a Charter-House in William Abbot of St. Thierry the Diocess of Rheims near Mouzon This Book
Emperor Frederick Barberossa in Lombardy and Liguria which on that Account was called The Ligurine and was printed at Strasburg A. D. 1531. as also at Basil in 1569. at Francfurt in 1584. and among the German Historians He likewise wrote a Treatise of Prayer Fasting and Alms-giving printed at Basil in 1504. and 1507. The Lives of St. Cyricius and St. Julia in Verse are also attributed to the samâ— Author SAXO sir-nam'd the Grammarian by reason of the purity of his Style was a Dane by Nation of the Isle of Seeland He was Provost of the Church of Roschild and Chaplain to Absalom Saxo Grammaticus Provost of Roschild Archbishop of Lunden who sent him to Paris A. D. 1177. to conduct the Monks of St. Genevieve into Denmark He wrote the History of his native Country to the Year 1186. Erasmus extols the vivacity of his Conceptions the nobleness of his Expressions the fluency of his Rhetorick and the admirable variety of his Figures and wonders much by what means a Dane could arrive at such a height of Eloquence in that Age. He chiefly affected to imitate Valerius Maximus His History was published by Christian Petri Canon of Lunden and printed at Paris A. D. 1514. John Bebelius caus'd it to be printed at Basil in 1534. as also did Philip Leonicier and John Fichard at Francfurt in 1576. Lastly Johannes Stephanius set forth a more large and correct Edition of it with Prolegomena and Annotations at Sora in 1644. This Author died in 1204. RALPH DE DICETO an English Man by Nation and Dean of St. Paul's at London a Person Ralph de Diceto Dean of St. Paul ' s at London well known on account of his Learning and Travels into Foreign Countries wrote a compendious Chronicle from the Creation of the World to the Year 1198. The first Part of it ending at the time of Pope Gregory the Great was never published because it only contain'd trivial Matters He also compos'd certain Historical Tracts call'd Portraitures from A. D. 1148. to 1200. These Works are among those of the English Historians printed at London in 1652. Writers of Relations of the Lives and Miracles of Saints ANSCHERUS Abbot of St. Riquier compos'd in the Year 1110. a Relation of the Life and Anscherus Abbot of St. Riquier Theofredus Abbot of Epternach Rainaud of Semur Archbishop of Lyons Miracles of St. Angilbert Abbot of the same Monastery which was published by Father Mabillon in the first Tome of his Benedictin Centuries THEOFREDUS Abbot of Epternach in the Dutchy of Luxemburg wrote a large Account of the Life of St. Wilbrod the first Bishop of Utrecht Four Books of Epitaphs of Saints printed at Luxemburg A. D. 1619. and certain Sermons which are inserted in the Book call'd Bibliotheca Patrum RAINAUD or RAINOLDUS OF SEMUR the Son of Dalmace de Semur and Aremberge du Vergey of an illustrious Family in Burgundy being the Brother of Hugh Abbot of Cluny was chosen Abbot of Vezelay and assisted in that Quality in the Council of Troyes A. D. 1104. He was afterwards promoted to the Archbishoprick of Lyons and died in 1109. in the 85th Year of his Age leaving a Narration of the Life of Hugh his Brother Abbot of Cluny which is extant in the Bibliotheca Cluniacensis published by M. du Chesne NICOLAS a Monk of Soissons wrote in the Year 1120. the Life of St. Godfrey Bishop of Nicolas Monk of Soissons Domniso Priest Amiens dedicated to Rohard Bishop of Soissons and referr'd to by Surius in Novemb. 8. DOMNISO an Italian Priest liv'd in the end of the preceeding Century and in the beginning of the present under the Emperors Henry IV. and Henry V. He wrote in Heroick Verse the Life of the Princess Mathilda printed by Sebastian Tingnagelius at Ingolstadt A. D. 1612. with the Letters of Gebhard of Saltzburg Sigefred of Mentz and Stephen of Halberstadt relating to the contest between the Emperor and Pope Gregory as also the Treaty of Bertholdus of Constance about excommunicated Persons the Lives of St. Altman of Passaw Thiemo of Saltzburg and Anselm of Lucca written by nameless Authors and Hesso's Treatise concerning the Transactions between the Emperor Henry V. and Pope Calixtus II. in 1119. AELNOTH a Monk of St. Augustin at Canterbury flourished in the beginning of this Century Aelnoth Monk of Canterbury and spent a considerable part of his Life in Denmark where as 't is reported he resided 24 Years He wrote about A. D. 1120. an Historical Account of the Life and Passion of Canut King of that Country which was published by Arnold Whitfield A. D. 1602. and afterward printed with Meursius's Notes at Hanaw in 1631. GUALBERT a Monk of the Abbey of Marchiennes compos'd in the Year 1125. or 1126. Two Gualbert Monk of Marchiennes Pandulphus of Pisa. Fabricius Tuscus Abbot of Abbington Auctus Abbot of Vall'Ombrosa Odo Abbot of St. Remy at Rheims Geffrey the Gross Monk of Tiron Ulric Bishop of Constance Archard Monk of Clairvaux Books concerning the Miracles wrought by St. Rictruda PANDULPHUS OF PISA flourished A. D. 1130. and wrote the Life of Pope Gelasius II. who died at Cluny in 1119. It was printed at Rome in 1638. FABRICIUS TUSCUS Abbot of Abbington in England wrote a Relation of the Life and Actions of St. Adelm an Abbot in Scotland He flourished in the beginning of the present Century AUCTUS a Native of FLORENCE and Abbot of the Monastery of Valombra or Vall'Ombrosa in the Territories of that City who flourished in the beginning of the Century has left us the Life of St. John Gualbert and that of Bernard Hubert Cardinal with a Narrative of the Translation of the Head of St. James the Apostle ODO Abbot of St. Remy at Rheims sent a Letter to Count Thomas Lord of Coucy which is still extant and contains the Relation of a Miracle which he heard at Rome from the Mouth of a certain Archbishop of India concerning the Body of St. Thomas the Apostle which was interr'd in his Church This Letter was written about A. D. 1135. for the next Year Odo return'd from Rome to France and gave Lands to the House of Mont-Dieu belonging to the Carthusians GEFFREY THE GROSS a Monk of Tiron wrote in the Year 1135. the Life of St. Bernard Abbot of that Monastery referr'd to by the Bollandists in April 14. ULRIC a Monk of St. Blasius in the Black Forest who was afterwards promoted to the Bishoprick of Constance A. D. 1120. wrote the Life of St. Gebehard Bishop of Augsburg cited by Canisius and that of St. Conrad Bishop of the same City whose Canonization he had obtain'd of the Pope In the end of his Life he left his Bishoprick and return'd to the Monastery of St. Blasius in 1138. where he died in 1140. ARCHARD a Cistercian Monk and Tutor to the Novices in the Abbey of Clairvaux in St. Bernard's time compos'd a Relation of the Life of St. Geselin a Hermit which
relief of the Holy Land A Fast appointed by this Pope during five Years on all the Fridays from Advent till Christmass with abstaining from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays Robert de Bar succceeds Peter de Celles in the Bishoprick of Chartres  Theorianus Hugo Etherianus Robertus Paululus Gervase a Priest of Chichester Odo Abbot of Bel. Cardinal Laborant Geffrey Prior of Vigeois Thierry or Theodoric a Monk Joannes Burgundus The Death of Peter de Celles Bishop of Chartres on the 17. day of February 1188 I. After a Vacancy of 20. days CLEMENT III. is Elected in the place of Gregory VIII January 6. XXXVII III. Philip Augustus King of France imposes a Tax in his Kingdom for his Voyage to the Levant which is call'd by the Name of Saladin's Tithes   1189 II. XXXVIII Henry II. King of England dies and Richard his Son succeeds him The Kings of England and France set forward in their Journey to the Holy Land The Queen Mother and her Brother William of Champagne Cardinal Archbishop of Rheims obtain the Government of France during the King's absence William the Good King of Sicily dies without Issue Constance his Aunt the Wife of Henry the Son of the Emperor lays claim to the Succession but Tancred the Natural Brother of the Princess gets possession of the Kingdom IV. William Bishop of Ely and Legate of the See of Rome in England is made Regent of the Kingdom during the absence of King Richard who is about to undertake an Expedition to the Holy Land   1190 III. XXXIX The Death of the Emperor Frederick in the Levant His Son Henry IV. succeeds him The Kings of England and France arrive in the Month of August at Messina and reside there above six Months V.   Neophytus John Bishop of Lydda The Death of Richard Prior of Hagulstadt 1191 I. Clement III. dies April 10. and CELESTIN III. is substituted in his place I. Henry is Crown'd Emperor by Pope Celestin and his Wife Constance Empress Richard K. of England takes possession of the Kingdom of Cyprus carries off a rich Booty from thence and gives this Kingdom to Guy of Lusignan in exchange for that of Jerusalem which Richard hop'd ere long to wrest out of the Hands of the Infidels VI. Evrard d'Avesnes Bishop of Tournay dying Peter Chanter of the Church of Paris is chosen in his place but William Archbishop of Rheims opposes this Election and causes Stephen Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris to be Elected the next Year The taking of the City of Acre by the Christians from the Infidels in the Levant Pope Celestin orders the Bishops of England to Excommunicate all those that shou'd refuse to obey the Bishop of Ely Regent of the Kingdom   1192 II. The Pope Excommunicates the Emperor because he detains Prisoner Richard King of England II. Richard K. of England is taken Prisoner in returning from the Holy Land by Leopold Duke of Austria and deliver'd up to the Emperor Henry who confines him 14 Months During his Imprisonment John his Brother sir-nam'd Without Land gets Possession of the Kingdom of England VII The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches and Kingdom of Scotland The Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio Stephen of Tournay causes his Nephew to be chosen in his place Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris  Baldwin of Devonshire Archbishop of Canterbury dies in the Levant this Year or in the following 1193 III. III. Philip King of France Marries Batilda according to some Authors or Isemburga as others will have it the Sister of Canutus King of Denmark but is Divorced from her some time after under pretence of being too near a kin VIII George Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople  Demetrius Tornicius writes this Year his Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost 1194 IV. IV. Richard K. of England being released out of Prison resumes the Government of his Kingdom IX The Pope appoints the Bishop of Lincoln to take Cognisance of the Misdemeanors and Crimes committed by Geffrey Archbishop of York Michael de Corbeil Dean of the Church of Paris who had been chosen Patriarch of Jerusalem is made Arch-bishop of Sens.  The Death of Joannes Burgundus or John Burguignon Magistrate of Pisa. 1195 V. V. X. Isaacus Angelus is depos'd and ALEXIS ANGELUS is plac'd on the Imperial Throne I. The Pope Constitutes Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and enjoyns the Bishops of this Kingdom to submit to his Authority He grants a Commission to Simon Dean of the Church of York to govern that Church and Summons Geffrey who was Archbishop of it to appear at Rome to clear himself there of the Crimes laid to his Charge A Synod at York held in the Month of June A Council at Montpellier in the Month of December Gauterius a Regular Canon of St. Victor Thierry or Theodoric Abbot Ogerus Abbot of Lucedia and of Mount St. Michael Robert de Torigny Otho de St. Blaise John Brompton Abbot of Jorval Lupus Proâ—â—spatus Alulphus Monk of St. Martin at Tâ—â—nay Isaac Abbot of L'Etoile 1196 VI. VI. The Emperor Henry marches into Italy with a numerous Army and makes himself Master of Sicily which belong'd to his Dominions in right of his Wife He treats the Sicilians so cruelly that this Princess Commiserating their Misfortunes constrains her Husband by force to grant 'em a Peace upon reasonable Terms II. Eustach is ordain'd Bishop of Ely in England in the place of William Odo de Sully succeeds Maurice in the Bishoprick of Paris  Henry Abbot of Clairvaux The Death of Maurice de Sully Bishop of Paris September 3. Gilbert of Sempringham Peter Abbot of Clairvaux Garnerius Abbot of Clairvaux Nicolas a Canon of Liege Sibrandus Abbot of Mariegarde 1197 VII The Pope consents that Frederick the Son of the Emperor Henry shou'd be Crown'd King of Sicily for 1000 Marks of Silver to be paid to him and as many to the Cardinals VII The Death of the Emperor Henry at Messina The Right of Succession to the Empire is disputed between Philip the Brother of Henry and Otho Duke of Saxony III. The Archbishop of Messina going to consult the Pope about the deceas'd Emperor who dy'd Excommunicated cannot obtain a License for the Interring of that Prince in Consecrated Ground but with the consent of Richard King of England and after having restor'd the sum of Money that was exacted for his Ransom Jourdain du Hommel is ordain'd Bishop of Lisieux Under his Government the Building of the Cathedral of Lisieux was finish'd and that Church was much enrich'd by the Liberality of this Bishop  Bertrand Abbot of la Chaise-Dieu Radulphus Tortarius Christina a Monk of Clairvaux Gauterius of Chatillon Thomas a Monk of Chichester Garnerius a Monk of St. Victor The Death of Peter Comestor Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Robert of Flamesbury Bartholomew Bishop of Oxford 1198 VIII Celestin III. dies Jan.