William Earl Warren and Surrey 1139. Margaret married to Conan Earl of Little-Brettain after to Bohuis She died 1201. Hoveden p. 822. 1 Malcolme IV. Obiit sine prole 1165. 2 William King of Scotland died 1214. Ermengard Daughter of Richard Viscount Beaumont 1186. 2 Henry Patrick de Galightly one of the Competitors 1 Alexander II. King of Scotland Obiit 1249. Joan Sister to H 3. King of England 1221. Alexander III. King of Scotland killed by a fall from his Horse A. 1285. Margaret Daughter of Hen. 3. King of England 1251. David Son of Alexander III. died before his Father without Issue Alexander married the Daughter of the Earl of Flanders but he died before his Father leaving no Issue Margaret Wife of the King of Norwey Margaret a Daughter died young without Issue about 1291. Ericus King of Norwey became a Competitor for the Crown of Scotland on behalf of Margaret his Daughter now deceased as Administrator to her Anno 1292. Walsingham's Hist pag. 58. Isabel Wife of Roger le Bigot Earl Marshal no Issue But she married Robert Lord Roos first Hus. William L. Roos another Competitor Margaret Wife of Hubert de Burgo Earl of Kent 1221. M. Paris Margaret Wife of Richard de Clare No Issue Margerita Wife unto Eustace de Vescy William de Vescy 1 John sine prole 2 William Vescy another Competitor 1291. Ada Wife of Patrick de Dunbarre Patrick Patric E. of Dunbar another Competitor 1291. Austrio or Aufrica Wife of William de Say of Vlster A quo Roger de Mandevil another Competitor 3 David Earl of Huntington 1184. Maud eldest Sister to Randle Blundevil Earl of Chester and a Coheir 1 Margaret eldest daughter of David Earl of Huntington was Second wife to Alan de Galloway Constable of Scotland Dervergoile married to John Baliol of Bernards Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham the Founder of Baliol-College in Oxford He died Anno 1269. aut paulo ante 1 Hugh Baliol Son and Heir Obiit sine prole Balio-fergus pag. 2. 2 Alan second Son Obiit sine prole 3 Alexander third Son Obiit sine prole 4 John Baliol another Competitor who was adjudged King of Scotland by the Award of King Edward the First Anno 1292. Thomas died without Issue Christian eldest Daughter died without Issue 2 Isabel married Robert de Bruse Ro. de Bruse Lord of Anandale another Competitor 1291. 3 Maud died without Issue 4 Ada married Henry Hastings Knighton pag. 2431. John Hastings Lord of Berguenny another Competitor 1291. 1 Henry died young 2 David died young 3 John Scot Earl of Chester married Hellen Daughter of Lhewellyn Prince of North-Wales John died without Issue Anno 1237. Helen his Widow after married Robert Quency third Son of Saher de Quency Earl of Winchester Ada Wife of Florence Earl of Holland She died 1208. Hist of the Netherlands p. 16. Florence William Florence a Competitor to the Crown of Scotland An Do. 1291. Pryn's Hist p. 513. 1 Claricia 2 Hodierna Ordericus pa. 702. 5 6 Edmund and Ethelred banisht by their Uncle Donwald 1 Edith after called Maude uxor H. 1. Regis Angliae 2 Mary wife of Eustace Comitis Boloniae Quare Whether Margaret Wife of Hubert de Burgo were not the Widow of Eustace Vescy for Eustace died 1216. Mat Paris ⚜ See the Claims of the Competitors to the Crown of Scotland Anno Domini 1291. from the Record it self set down in Pryn's History of King John Hen. 3. and Edw. 1. pag. 513 514 c. ⚜ See the Record in Pryn's History of K. John H. 3. Edw. 1. Pa. 515 516. 28. John Balioll Son of John Balioll of Bernards-Castell in the Bishoprick of Durham after the Interregnum of six Years and nine Months was by Edward the First adjudged right Heir to the Crown of Scotland and was thereupon Crowned King at Scone on St. Andrew's Day being the last of November in the Year of Christ 1292. and presently after he came to Newcastle upon Tyne and did Homage to the King of England there and acknowledged King Edward to be his Liege Lord of all the Kingdom of Scotland to be held hereditarily of the Kings of England Walsingham's Hypodigma Neustriae pag. 480. For Edward the First King of England being appointed Judge of the Right to the Crown of Scotland by consent of all the Competitors of whom onely the Question was moved between John Balioll and Robert Bruse for all the rest of the Competitors were excluded as inferior Titles gave Sentence for John Balioll by the common Assent who was Descended from the eldest Daughter of David Earl of Huntington Brother of William King of Scotland and Bruse from the younger Daughter where by the way I must note Walsingham's Book misprinted which calleth David here mentioned King of Scotland for Brother of the King of Scotland Anno 1295. this John Balioll desired to Marry Edward Balioll his Son unto Joan Daughter of Charles Brother to the King of France promising his Aid against the King of England And in Anno 1296. the Scots Besiege Carlisle King Edward subdues the Scots and makes them swear Fealty to him takes John Balioll King of Scotland Prisoner and leaves John Warren Earl of Surrey Protector of Scotland and Hugh Cressingham Treasurer and William de Ormesby Justice and so returns to London Walsingham 29. Robert Bruse was Crowned King of Scotland at Scone in April 1306. He was Son of Robert Bruse Lord of Annansdale Competitor with John Balioll in Right of Isabell his Mother the second Daughter though a Degree nearer than Balioll to the deceased King and Son of the second Daughter whereas Balioll was Descended of the eldest Sister but of a Daughter of that Sister which Robert Bruse the Father released his Title to this Robert Bruse his Son then Earl of Carrick but now King of Scotland Dated at Barwick die Veneris in Crastino Sancti Leonardi the seventh of November Anno Gratiae 1292. Vincent upon Brook pag. 255. but it being adjudged to Balioll he seeks to get it by force and was Crown'd 1306. confirmed therein by the great Defeat given to Edward the Second's Forces at Banocksburn not far from Sterling ⚜ One Hamilton flying from the English Court to this King Robert who gave him Lands juxta Glottam Fluvium his Postetity afterward came to be ranked among the Nobility of Scotland and the House and Land which the King gave him was called Hamilton This was the original of the Hamiltons in Scotland Buchanan lib. 8. pag. 271 272. Anno 1318. Edward Bruse Brother to this King Robert was taken Prisoner and Beheaded at Dundalk He had infested Ireland three Years and caused himself to be Crowned King thereof Walsingham pag. 111. This King Robert Married to his first Wife Isabel Daughter of Donald of whom he begot Marjory Mother of Robert Stewart afterwards King of Scotland Cambden's Britannia pag. 713. Robert Bruse died the ninth of July 1329. Anno Regni 24. Buchanan
991. died Cadwalhon the onely Son of Meredyth Anno 992. the Welshmen chose Edwal Son of Meric the right Heir of Northwales for their Prince At Langwm in a Battel between Edwal and Meredyth was slain Theodor or Tudor Mawr the Nephew of Meredyth who lost two Sons Rees and Rytherch and Elen a Daughter Anno 998. died Meredyth ap Owen Prince of Wales leaving one onely Daughter called Angharad Married to Lhewelyn ap Sitsylht and after his Death she Married Conuyn Herdref or as others think Conuyn ap Gweristan 12. Edwal ap Meyric the Son of Meredith Anno Chr. 992. being now in possession of the Principality of Northwales endeavored to keep it but soon after Swane the Son of Harold destroyed the Isle of Man and entring into Northwales slew Edwall the Prince thereof which Edwall left behind him a Son called Jago 13. Aedan the Son of Blegored usurped Northwales and killed Conan Son of Howel one that then aspired to the Government Anno 1003. in open Field He was slain with his four Sons by Lewelin in Battel Anno 1015. 14. Lhewelyn ap Sitsylht Prince of Wales He was slain by Howel and Meredith the Sons of Edwin Anno 1021. leaving a Son called Griffith ap Lhewelyn 15. Jago or James ap Edwal ap Meyric ap Edwal Voel took upon him the Government of Northwales as right Heir Rytherch Son of Jestyn usurped Southwales Jago was slain by Griffith ap Lhewelyn 1037. 16. Griffith ap Lhewelin ap Sitsylht and Angharat This Griffith was King of all Wales and chased Howel and Edwin out of Southwales This Griffith Married Edgith * This Edgith after the Death of Griffith Married Harold King of England or Aldith Daughter of Algar Earl of Mercia in England by whom he had Issue Blethyn Successor of his Dominion and Nest a Daughter Odericus Vitalis lib. 3. pag. 492. lib. 4. pag. 511. also Will. Gemeticensis lib. 7. cap. 31. He was a valiant Prince and wasted a great part of Herefordshire 1052. Sim. Dunelmensis Algar being banished Anno 1055. he went into Ireland where having got 18 Pyrate Ships he came into Wales to King Griffith who joyning Forces routed the English about two Miles from Hereford Nono Calendas Novembris Sim. Dunelmensis Afterwards were both reconciled to the King of England Griffith was slain by his own Men Nonas Augusti 1064. and his Head being cut off was sent to Edward sirnamed The Confessor King of England See also Ingulphus pag. 899. Anno 1070 William Fitz-Osborne Earl of Hereford with Walter Lacy and other stout Champions were placed as a Curb to the Welsh by William the Conqueror These first Invaded the People of Brecknock and slew three Welsh Kings or Princes Rees Cadogan and Merydeth and many other of the Welsh Ordericus pag. 521. 522. ⚜ This King Griffith had two Brothers Blethyn and Ruthyn to whom Edward the Confessor Anno 1065 gave Wales to be held of the King of England Pro servitio debito juratâ Fidelitate Ingulphus pag. 899. 17. Blethyn in Latine Blidenus Son of Griffith saith Ordericus but the Welsh History put out by Powel pag. 103 calleth him Blethin Son of Conwin He was King of Northwales at least Meredyth ap Owen ap Edwyn was Prince of Southwales But this Meredith was slain by Caradoc ap Griffith ap Rytherch ap Jestin upon the River Rympyn Anno Dom. 1068. ⚜ Blethyn was traiterously murthered by Rees ap Owen ap Edwyn Anno Domini 1073. He joyned with Edwyn and Morcar his Uncles by the Mother against the Conqueror Anno 1068. Ordericus pag. 511. and in Anno 1069. the Welsh and Cheshiremen Besieged the Conqueror's Garrison of Shrewsbury See Ordericus pag. 515. 18. Trahaern ap Caradoc after the death of Blethyn Prince of Northwales He was Cosen-german to Blethyn and Rees ap Owen was Prince of Southwales which Rees was slain and outed by Trahaern ap Caradoc about 1076. Anno 1077. Rees ap Theodor ap Eneon ap Owen ap Howel Dha as right Inheritor to Southwales claimed the same and was received Anno Chr. 1078. 19. Griffith up Conan Prince of North-Wales Rees ap Theodor Prince of South-Wales These joyning their Forces slew Traherne and all his Cosins in Battel 1078. Anno 1079. William the Conqueror of England entred Wales with an Army as far as St. Davids and took Homage of the Princes of Wales Anno 1088. Griffith ap Conan King of Wales enters the Borders of England about Rothelent with an Army and made great destruction where Robert of Rothelent a Norman Governor of Rothelent Castle under William the Conqueror was slain in a Skirmish whose Head was cut off and carried away with King Griffith who caused it to be hanged upon the Mast of his Ship Ordericus pag. 670. This Robert of Rothelent and Robert de Malpas two of the Earl of Chester's Barons and other cruel Potentates spilt much of the Welshmens Blood Ordericus pag. 522. Anno 1090. Robert Fitz-Hamon with 12 other Knights invade Glamorganshire with an Army of Normans and spoiled the Lands of Rees ap Theodor Prince of South-Wales where Rees was slain in Battel near Brecknock with whom fell and decayed the Kingdom of South-Wales Those also slew Jestyn ap Gurgant Lord of Glamorganshire with a great number of his Men whereby Robert Fitz-Hamon got possession of Glamorganshire and gave certain Castles and Manors there to his 12 Knights and to other Gentlemen who were the first Strangers that inhabited Wales Powel on the Welsh History pag. 119 124. Cambden's Britannia in Glamorganshire pag. 494. Anno 1092. Roger de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury entred into Powys-land and did win the Castle and Town of Baldwine which he fortified and called it Montgomery after his own Name Welsh History put out by Powel pag. 152. Anno 1094. William Rufus entred Wales at Montgomery which Castle being lately demolished by the Welshmen he re-edified it again But the Welsh keeping the Straits of the Mountains with the Woods and the Rivers King William lost his Labor and a number of his Men and so returned Welsh History pag. 153. Matt. Paris pag. 18. Anno 1098. Hugh de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury called Hugh Gogh by the Welsh that is Red Hugh because of his Red Head and Hugh Earl of Chester called Hugh Dirgane by the Welsh that is Gross Hugh because of his Fat Corpulent Body enter Wales with an Army of Cheshire and Shropshire Men but Griffith ap Conan the Prince of North-VVales and Cadogan ap Blethyn fled into the Mountains Then the Earls entred the Isle of Anglesey and by the way they built the Castle of Abberlhiennawe over against it They slew many of the VVelsh therein but Griffith and Cadogan fled into Ireland Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury was slain with an Arrow by Magnus Son of Olave King of Norwey Ordericus pag. 768. Roger Hoveden pag. 467. also the VVelsh History pag. 155. which puts this in Anno 1096. for 1098. Anno
1108. King Henry the Frst with sundry Expeditions brought under the VVelshmen and sent all the Flemmings who came over into England when a great part of Flanders was drowned to inhabite in Ross in VVales where Penbrooke Tenby and Haverford are now built where they remain to this day as may appear by their Speech and Conditions far different from the rest of the Countrey VVelsh Hist pag. 163. Anno 1132. died Meredyth ap Blethyn Chief Ruler of Powys Anno 1137. died Griffith ap Rees ap Theodor Prince of South-VVales who had by his Wife Gwenlhiam Daughter of Griffith ap Conan Rees commonly called Lord Rees and others Anno 1137. towards the end of the Year died Griffith ap Conan Prince of North-VVales 20. Owen sirnamed Gwineth Son of Griffith ap Conan is made Prince of North-VVales and the Name of King is no further used in the British Book VVelsh Hist pag. 139. a With Powel's Notes Also pag. 6. Owen died Anno Domini 1169. after he had Reigned 32 Years 21. David ap Owen Prince of North-VVales assumed the Government because the eldest Son of Owen called Jorwerth Drwyndwn that is Edward with the Broken Nose was counted unmeet for Government Anno 1190. died Griffith Maylor Lord of Bromfield a Nobleman and a Wise man VVelsh History pag. 242. He was Lord of Bromfield Yale Hope-Dale Nanhewdwy Mochnant is Rhayard Chirke Cynlhayth and Glindoverdwy Ibidem pag. 211. This was part of Powys Vadoc Powys before Offa's time reached Eastward to the Rivers of Dee and Severn and had to Wife Angharat Daughter of Owen Guyneth Prince of North-VVales by whom he had a Son called Madoc who died 1236. leaving a Son called Griffith Pag. 293. Anno Chr. 1194. 22. Lhewelyn ap Jorwerth peaceably received all North-Wales to his Subjection He Married Joan base Daughter of John King of England by Agatha Daughter of William Ferrars Earl of Derby Anno 1206. Vincent upon Brooke pag. 204. Speed's History pag. 518. calls her Daughter of Robert Ferrers and had Issue two Sons Griffith and David and for Daughters he had Marret married to John de Bruse 1219. Welsh Hist pag. 279. and Gladys another Daughter married to Sir Rafe Mortimer Ibid. pag. 298. And it is certain he had another Daughter called Hellen married to John the Scot Earl of Huntington and afterwards Earl of Chester She was married about 1222. and this was for a Final Agreement and Peace between Randle Earl of Chester sirnamed Blundevill and this Lhewelyn Prince of North-Wales who before-time had many Conflicts and Wars one against the other Knighton pag. 2430. Matt. Paris pag. 380. See also my Antiquities touching Cheshire in this Book But Helen had no Issue by John Scot who saith Matt. Paris was consenting to the Poysoning of her Husband After she married Robert de Quency third Son of Saher de Quency Earl of Winchester Vincent upon Brooke's Catalogue of Nobility pag. 260. About the Reign of Henry the Second Crogen when he made a Voyage against the Welsh to the Mountains of Berwin as he lay at Oswestrey a number of his Men who were sent to try the Passages to have passed Offa's Ditch at the Castle of Crogen were met withal and slain The Englishmen afterwards used to cry Crogen to the Welsh as much as to say Remember Crogen that they should expect no favour from the English But this Word in process of time grew to be an opprobrious Word when the English would in disgrace call the Welsh Crogens Welsh Hist pag. 257 258. This Lhewelyn was a valiant Prince and brought all Wales to subjection He died tertio Idûs Aprilis scilicèt die Sancti Guthlaci Anno Christi 1240. Matt. Paris pag. 525. And having tamed Griffith his Son who rebelled against him he left the Principality of Wales unto David his younger Son He died in the 46 Year of his Reign and was buried at Conwey Welsh Hist pag. 298. 23. David younger Son of Lhewelyn Prince of North-Wales with all the Barons of Wales did Homage to King Henry the Third for all the Lands which they had in Wales Hist of Wales pag. 299. This David imprisoned Griffith his elder Brother alledging also that he was a Bastard Senana the Wife of Griffith Petitions the King of England for the Release of Griffith her Husband and Owen his Son who was imprisoned with his Father Henry the Third makes an Agreement with Senana dated 25 Hen. 3. 1241. and Roger de Monte alto High-Steward of Cheshire was a Surety or Pledge for Senana to observe the Agreement David consents to deliver Griffith and Owen his Son and to stand to the Judgment of King Henry's Court about Griffith's part of the Land and to restore to Roger de Monte alto all his Land of Moald in Flintshire And David acknowledgeth to hold his Lands of Wales of King Henry in Capite Matt. Paris pag. 624 625. Griffith is sent by David unto King Henry who imprisoned him in the Tower of London but Griffith endeavouring to make an Escape fell down and broke his Neck 1 die Martii 1244. Matt. Paris pag. 617. David Prince of Wales took the Castle of Mould by Storm 1245. Matt. Paris pag. 655. And after it was taken and razed to the Ground by Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn 1268. Welsh Hist pag. 326. Anno Chr. 1246. David died without Issue 1246. Matt. Paris pag. 695. 24. Lhewelyn ap Griffith ap Lhewelyn was the last Prince of Wales of the British Blood who with his Brother Owen Gogh divided the Principality between them Lhewelyn ap Griffith married Elianour Daughter of Simon de Montfort Earl of Leycester Anno 1279. 6 Edw. 1. the Marriage being Solemnized at Worcester at the Charge of the King of England Walsingham pag. 48. Welsh Hist pag. 336. Matthew of Westminster placeth it Anno 1278. I find mention of a Daughter he had for whom the King of England promiseth to provide honourably and to give Lhewelyn 1000 l. Sterling and some Honourable County in England if Lhewelyn would upon his Submission put the King in possession of Snowdon This was Anno 1281. upon a Treaty to be had Welsh History with Powel's Notes pag. 365. But what became of this Daughter I find not but her Mother Elianour was now dead This Treaty took no effect Obiit 1282 Concerning the Death of this Lhewelyn it is variously reported by our Historians Matt. of Westminster saith He was slain in the Battel betwixt the English and the Welsh Anno 1282. when Edmund de Mortuo mari rushing with others into the Army of Lhewelyn he was slain among other Welshmen and his Head cut off which was carried to London and set upon the top of the Tower of London With whom agreeth Walsingham who placeth the time one Year later The Welsh History pag. 374. saith That Lhewelyn retiring to a Grove near Buhelt or Buelht whiles some of the Welsh were sent to defend the Bridge called Pont Orewyn suddenly there
Daughter of Waltheof Earl of Northumberland and Widow of Simon Seintliz Earl of Northampton and Huntington Vincent upon Brooke pag. 367. By which Marriage he had the Counties of Northumberland and Huntington in England and by her had Issue Henry a Son who married Ada Sister of William Warren Earl of Surrey in England and half Sister by the Mother to Walleran Earl of Mellent in France and to Robert sirnamed Bossue Earl of Leycester in England Simon Dunelmensis sub Anno 1139. pag. 265. Henry had Issue by Ada Malcolme William Earl of Northumberland David Earl of Carricht in Scotland and of Huntington in England also Maude a Daughter But this Prince Henry died before his Father Anno Domini 1152. and Maude his Daughter also Anno Domini 1153. nono Calendas Junii died David King of Scotland Hoveden pag. 490. 24. Malcolme IV. Son of Henry and Grandson to David a Child of the Age of twelve Years succeeded King He resigned Northumberland to King Henry the Second of England Cumberland and Huntington being left to Malcolme Buchanan He died without Issue nono die Decembris 1165. in the 25 Year of his Age and 12 Year of his Reign and a little more Buchanan Hoveden pag. 496. 25. William Brother to Malcolme fetched Northumberland back again He married Ermengard Daughter of Richard Viscount de Beaumont Cosin to Henry the Second King of England scilicet Anno 1186. Hoveden And in Anno 1174. this William was taken Prisoner at Alnwick by Robert Stutevile Sheriff of York William de Vescy Randle Glanvill Bernard Baliol and others Hoveden pag. 538 539. Henry King of England restored unto him the Earldom of Huntington 1184. upon the death of Simon de Seintliz then Earl thereof and King William immediately conferred it on David his younger Brother Hoveden pag. 622. William did Homage to John King of England for his Lands in England at Lincoln Anno 1200. Hoveden Buchanan Fecit homagium de omni Jure suo and after swore Fealty to him Matth. Paris pag. 204. King William died Anno 1214. aged 74 Years Annoque Regni 49. Buchanan He had a Son by Ermengard called Alexander born Anno 1199. and another Son kill'd in his Infancy with his Nurse by an Inundation Buchanan pag. 232. He had also two Daughters Margaret and Isabel promised to the two Sons of King John when they should be marriageable Hollinshed But one of these Daughters afterward married the Earl of Flanders 1210. Knighton pag. 2420. 26. Alexander II. Son of William married Joan Sister to Henry the Third King of England 1221. Matt. Paris pag. 313. He demands Northumberland which King John promised him in Marriage with Joan his Daughter Matt. Paris pag. 432. He denieth that he holdeth any part of the Kingdom of Scotland from the Kings of England or that he either would or ought so to hold it This was Anno 1244. Joan his Queen dying in England Anno 1236. was buried in London And soon after for yet he had no Children he married Mary Daughter of Ingelram de Cuscy a Frenchman Anno 1239. by whom he had Issue Alexander a Son who succeeded his Father Buchanan and Matt. Paris pag. 638. Anno 1244. he makes a League with the King of England his Brother-in-Law wherein he acknowledgeth the King of England his Leige-Lord See the Charter in Matt. Paris pag. 646. This Alexander the Second died Anno 1249. Anno aetatis 51. Annoque Regni 35. Buchanan and Matt. Paris pag. 771. 27. Alexander III. Son of Alexander II. Crowned at Scone a Child not above eight Years old He was Knighted at York by Henry the Third Anno 1251. on Christmas day and the day after he married Margaret Daughter of the said King Henry Mat. Paris pag. 829. also Buchanan He did Homage to the King of England at that time for the Lands which he had in England but refused to do Homage for Scotland when it was tendred him according to the Custom of his Predecessors by the Testimony of Ancient Chronicles Robert Abbot of Fermelinodunum Chancellor to the King of Scotland was accused for Legitimating the Wife of Alan Durovart Bastard-daughter of Alexander the Second that so if the King should now die without Issue she might succeed as Heir Buchanan Henry King of England created this Alexander Earl of Huntington by Charter Anno 1256. to hold as freely as any of his Predecessors ever held the same Matt. Paris pag. 931. This Alexander overcame Acho King of Norwey in Battel 1263. and took the Isle of Man and all the Western Isles Buchanan He promised his Daughter Margaret yet but four Years old to Hangonan Son of Magnus King of Norwey to be his Wife when she was marriageable which it seems was performed afterwards for she had Issue by him a Daughter called also Margaret who died young about Anno 1291. Alexander in few Years being deprived of his Wife and all his Children did after marry Iolet Daughter of the Earl of Dreux Comitis Druidum but I find not that he had any Children by her for soon after within a Year to wit 14 Calendas Aprilis Anno 1285. he was killed by a fall from his Horse not far from Kingorne aged 45 Years Annoque Regni 37. Buchanan ⚜ Now Walsingham tells us Hist Edw. 1. pag. 54. That Alexander the Son of this King Alexander the Third died in his Father's life time And Buchanan saith That the young Alexander married the Earl of Flanders's Daughter and that Alexander the Third had another Son called David and a Daughter called Margaret but all died before the King So that now great strife did arise who should succeed King of Scotland Onely give me leave to observe here how Walsingham saith That the Daughter of the Earl of Flanders was second Wife of King Alexander the Third Wherein I believe he is mistaken for according to Buchanan she was the Wife of young Alexander his Son who died before his Father Here was now an Interregnum of six Years and nine Months in which time there were twelve Competitors to the Crown of Scotland who lay down their Claims in the Competition-Roll in the Tower mentioned by Vincent upon Brooke Title Huntington pag. 253 c. Which for brevity I shall give you here in a short Pedegree of the Kings of Scotland Malcolme III. sirnamed Cammoir King of Scotland slain 1093. See Malcolme's Pedegree in Imag. Histor by Radulphus de Di ceto pag 627. Margà ret Sister to Edgar Atheling Ordericus pag. 701 702. 1 Edward eldest Son slain with his Father 1093. 2 Edgar King of Scotland died without Issue 1107. 3 Alexander also King 1107. Obiit sine prole 1124. Melcofus a bastard Ordericus pag. 702. 4 David also King 1124 Obiit 1153 Maud Daughter of Waltheof Earl of Northumberland Another Son the eldest kill'd by a Varlet in his Nurses arms Ordericus pag. 702. Henry Prince of Scotland died before his Father viz. Anno 1152. Ada Sister to the third
his Charter of Confirmation to the Abbey of St. Werburge which remained among the Evidences of that Church Anno 1644. but were after removed thence in the late War 1648. ANno ab Incarnatione Domini Millesimo centesimo decimo nono Regnante Potentissimo Rege Henrico Ego Comes Ricardus meique homines Communi Concilio confirmavimus Sigillo meo omnes Donationes quae datae sunt à me vel à meis in meo tempore Ecclesiae Sanctae Werburgae Cestriae Ego itaque Comes Ricardus post obitum Patris mei dedi pro salute Animae meae suae terram quae fuit Wulfrici Praepositi foris Portam de North priùs per unam Spicam frumenti deindè per unum Cultellum supèr Altare Sanctae Werburgae Molendinum de Bache tres Mansuras quietas ab omni re liberas duas in Civitate unam extra Portam de North. Testibus Willielmo Constabulario Waltero de Vernon Radulfo Dapifero multis aliis Willielmus Constabularius dedit Neutonam simul cùm Servitio Hugonis Filii Udardi de quatuor Bovatis Servitium Wicelini de duabus Bovatis Hugo Filius Normanni dedit Gostrey Lawton Testibus Hugone de Lacy Radulfo Rogero Filiis Normanni multÃsque aliis Ricardus de Praers dedit Knoctirum Testibus Willielmo Ada Filiis ejus Corbinus dedit unam Carucam Terrae in Werewel Hamundus de Mascy concessu Haeredum suorum Rosa Uxor Pigoti concessu Rogeri Fratris ejus dederunt Norwordinam Ecclesiam cùm omnibus quae ad eam pertinent Concedentibus Testibus Filiis eorum Rogerus de Menilgarin dedit Plumleiam cùm Widone Filio suo quando factus est Monachus Teste Ranulfo Willielmo Filiis Ranulfus Venator dedit Bresseford unam Salinam in Northwich concessu Ricardi Comitis Hugonis de Vernon Domini sui Item Ricardus Comes dedit Decimum Salmonem de Ponte locum unius Molendini citrà Pontem Decimam illius Molendini ultrà Pontem Burel dedit Ecclesiam de Haliwella Decimam de Molendino suo de omnibus rebus suis Herebertus Wambarsarius dedit Terram quatuor Boum in Hole Ricardus Pincerna dedit Ecclesiam Sancti Olavi Terram juxtà Ecclesiam duas Mansuras in foro Rogerus de Sancto Martino dedit Terram duorum Boum in Bebington Willielmus de Punterling dedit Buttanari cùm omnibus Appendiciis suis id est Ecclesiam totum Manerium solutum quietum Silvam Lectone ad rogum faciendum ad communem usum Domestici Operis Consensu Testimonio Hereberti Filii sui Aluredi Domini sui Ricardi Comitis Hugo de Vernon concessu Ricardi Comitis dedit unam Mansuram in Civitate solutam quietam ab omni re consuetùdine His ità descriptis Ego Comes Ricardus meique Barones mei Homines Confirmavimus non solùm ista sed etià m illa omnia quae Comes Hugo Pater meus Barones sui confirmaverunt c. Ità liberè ut nihil libertatis possit eis addi ulteriùs nihil enìm retinemus praeter Orationes in rebus Sanctae Werburgae Concedimus etià m ut Beata Virgo Werburga habeat suam Curiam de cunctis placitis forisfactis sicut Comes habet suam Ità verò quòd Abbas illius loci non exeat nequè Placitet contrà aliquem de aliquo Placito vel de aliquâ re extrà Curiam suam Testibus Ranulfo de Meschines Willielmo Fratre suo Willielmo Constabulario Ricardo Fratre suo Hugone Malbanck Osberno de Meschines Hugone Filio Osberni Willielmo Fratre ejus multÃsque aliis Apud Graham CHAP. III. Of the First Randle Earl of Chester Or a Lion Rampant Gules He is also stiled Randle of Bricasard who stuck faithfully to King Henry the First in the midst of a tumultuous Rebellion in Normandy sub Anno 1119. with others of the Nobility scorning to be disgraced with the Name of a Traytor Ordericus lib. 12. pag. 851 879. In an ancient Roll of Knights Fees due to the Duke of Normandy I find Comes Cestriae Servitium X Militum de S. Severio de Bricasart ad suum servitium LI Milites dimidium quartam partem octavam unius Militis In the Appendix added by Andrew du Chesne to the Norman Writers at the end thereof pag. 1045. This Earl Randle was Lord of Cumberland and Carlisle by Descent from his Father For after the Normans had invaded England Cumberland fell to the share of Raufe de Meschines Cujus Filius natu maximus Ranulfus fuit Cumbriae Dominus materno jure PrincipÃsque gratiâ etià m Cestriae Comes saith Cambden in Cumberland II. But King Stephen willing to gain the Favour of the Scots gave Cumberland away to them again to be held of the Kings of England as by a Right of Protection For the eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland before the Norman Conquest were Governors of Cumberland for a certain space But King Henry the Second brought back the Liberality of Stephen to himself and took from the Scots Northumberland Cumberland and Westmorland as Cambden in the same place addeth III. Raufe de Meschines had by Maude his Wife Sister of Hugh Lupus two Sons Randle the Eldest Earl of Chester and William de Meschines to whom King Henry the First gave the Castle of Egremont in Cumberland per Servitium unius Militis utque iret ad Praeceptum Regis in Exercitu Scotiae Walliae as Cambden my Author informs me * Geffrey a third Son to whom his brother Randle gave Gillesland in Cumberland and to William Coupland in Cumberland An old Parchment Roll in Custody of Henry Ferrars of Badsley in Warwick-shire See also Monasticon Vol. 1. pag. 400. This William gave the Church of Dissart to the Abbey of St. Werburge in the City of Chester as appears by an ancient Charter among the Evidences of that Church and confirmed by this Randle Earl of Chester which for better satisfaction I think fit here to insert UNiversis Matris Ecclesiae Filiis Ranulfus Comes Cestriae Salutem Notum sit vobis pariter me Concessisse Quandò feci transferri Corpus Hugonis Comitis mei Avunculi à Coemeterio in Capitulum ut in die mortis meae darem simul cum Corpore meo Ecclesiae Sanctae Werburgae Uptunam solutam quietam ab omni re ut Elemosynam liberam sicut ego ipse in illâ die haberem eam in Terris in Hominibus in Planis in Pascuis in Pratis in Placitis in omnibus pertinentiis suis pro Animâ ipsius Hugonis Comitis pro salute Animae meae Animarum omnium Parentum meorum Itèm quià Comes Hugo concesserat anteà Ecclesiae Sanctae Werburgae Theoloneum omnes reditus Nundinarum trium dierum id est à Nonâ Vigiliae Sanctae Werburgae usquè ad
Cambden's Britannia Printed 1607 pag. 693. Matthew Paris put out by Wats 1764. pag. 430. where also it appears that in Anno 1236. Alan had a Brother named Thomas and also a Bastard Son called Thomas who by the assistance of their great Allies sought by force to possess themselves of Galloway in Scotland which the King of Scotland had distributed to the three Daughters and Heirs of Alan but these Rebels were beaten and dispersed by the King of Scotland Anno 1236. But to return to our Earls of Chester The Line of the ancient Earls of Chester now failing this Earldom was by King Henry the Third taken into his own hands Anno Domini 1237. 21 Hen. 3. It remains that I now shew the Earls of Chester of the Royal Blood since this time which in the next Chapter I shall briefly reckon up And observe that the County of Flint appertaineth to the Dignity of the Sword of the Earls of Chester and that the County Palatine of Chester is still preserved in the Crown as a County Palatine if there be no Creation of the Prince into the Title of Earl of Chester If the King 's eldest Son be created Prince of Wales then usually is the Title of Earl of Chester also conferred with it but upon the death of every Prince so created these Titles are preserved in the Crown till a new Creation These Notes following I had from Mr. Dugdale HElen the Widow of John the Scot held these Lands following till a Dower was assigned out viz. Fotheringhay and Jarwell in Northamptonshire Keweston in Bedfordshire Totnam in Middlesex Bramton Conington and Limpays in Huntingtonshire Bado in Essex and Exton in Rutlandshire Claus 22 Hen. 3. memb 20. The Sisters of John Scot had these Lands following Devergoil Daughter of Margaret eldest Sister of John had the Mannors of Luddington and Torksey in Lincolnshire with the Farm of Yarmouth in Norfolk Tower of London Pat. 22 Hen. 3. memb 11. Isabel had Writtell and Hathfield in Essex Maude the third Sister died without issue Pat. 22 Hen. 3. mem 4. Ada the fourth Sister had Bromsgrove in Worcestershire Bolsover in Derbyshire the Mannor and Castle Oswaldesbeck in Nottinghamshire See Stat. 32 H 8. cap. 29. the Mannor and Sok of Maunsfield in Nottinghamshire and Oswardbeck Wapentake and Wurfield Stratton and Cundover in Shropshire Wigginton and Wolverhampton in Staffordshire Pat. 22 Hen. 3. memb 4. Claus 22 Hen. 3. mem 12. After this to wit 31 Hen. 3. the Earldom of Chester with the Castles of Gannok and Disart * * Disart Castle is in Denhighshire in the Borders of Wales were annexed to the Crown for ever Pat. 31 Hen. 3. mem 7. CHAP. VIII Of the Titles of Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester since they were invested in the Crown of England and who have been so created with the time of their Creation I. KIng Henry the Third brought Lhewellin Prince of North-Wales into Subjection and made Peace with Lhewellin Anno Domini 1228. 12 Hen. 3. upon Condition that Lhewellin and his Successors should be called Princes and do Homage to the Kings of England Whereupon King Henry received from him three thousand Marks Knighton pag. 2436. And then King Henry made a Charter to Lhewellin which was confirmed by the Pope Anno 25 Hen. 3. 1241. David the Son of Lhewellin obligeth himself to King Henry to hold all his Lands in Capite of the King and to free his elder Brother Griffith * Stowe saith Griffith was a Bastard Son of Lhewellin pag. 185. and Owen the eldest Son of Griffith out of Prison whom he had unjustly detained and that the Land of Englesmere should remain to King Henry and his Heirs Mat. Paris put out by Wats pag. 625 and yet did this David acknowledge to hold his Lands in Wales of the Pope endeavouring to shake off the Yoke of his Fealty to the Kings of England and Griffith promised by Sureties if he obtained his portion of the Lands due unto him to pay 300 Marks yearly to King Henry and to his Heirs for ever Now David rebelled and after much perplexity and destruction of his Lands in Wales by King Henry he died Anno 1246. King Henry the Third Anno Domini 1254. 38 Hen. 3. gave Wales to his eldest Son Prince Edward by the Name of unà cùm Conquestu nostro Walliae as also Gascony Ireland and some other Territories recited in the Charter This was upon the Marriage of Prince Edward with Elinour Sister to Alphonso King of Spain Yet saith Selden notwithstanding the Grant of Wales I find no warrant that therefore the special Title of Prince of Wales as it belongs to the Son and Heir Apparent began in this Prince Edward Selden's Tit. Hon. pag. 594. Matthew Westminster sub Anno 1254. Also Matthew Paris put out by Wats 1640. pag 890. Nor were the ancient Princes of Wales of the British Blood at this time quite extinct for Wales was not absolutely subdued till this Prince Edward was King of England Scilicèt 1283. 11 Edw. 1. So Stowe Neither did this Edward whiles he was Prince ever assume the Title of Prince of Wales as far forth as I can find And for the Earldom of Chester Cambden saith it was given by Henry the Third to this Prince Edward who being taken Prisoner by the Barons surrendred it up to Simon de Monifort Earl of Leycester that he the Prince might be redeemed Sed Simone statim interfecto ad Regiam Familiam citò rediit Cambden's Britannia Tit. Cheshire ad finem And indeed by the Charter of Maxfield Dated 45 Hen. 3. 1261. This Prince Edward seems to be possessed of the County of Chester Howbeit in this Charter and all others that I have seen he useth onely the Title of Edwardus illustris Regis Angliae Primogenitus and not at all the Title of Comes Cestriae The Charter made to Simon de Montfort of the Earldom of Chester bears Date 24 die Decembris 49 Hen. 3. 1264. at Woodstock Vincent upon Brook pag 108. whereunto the King was forced to make his Peace for both the King and Prince Edward his Son were then Prisoners to Simon taken at the Battel of Lewis in Sussex 12 die Maii 48 Hen. 3. 1264. See Stowe Yet Simon enjoyed it but a little space for he was slain at the Battel of Evesham the fourth day of August 49 Hen. 3. 1265. and then all Montfort's Estate was forfeited by his Rebellion and so the Earldom of Chester reverted back to Henry the Third And I have seen the Copy of the Deed whereby Prince Edward confirms to the Barons of Cheshire all the Liberties which Randle sometime Earl of Chester had formerly granted unto them by his Charter and in this he is onely stiled Edwardus illustris Regis Angliae Primogenitus Dated 27 die Augusti 49 Hen. 3. which is but 23 Days after the Battel of Evesham so that the Prince soon had the Earldom again but I find
Abbati atque Monachis de Stanlawe ad construendam Abbathiam Ordinis Cisterciensis ipsum locum Stanlawe quem mutato nomine benedictum locum vocari volumus Villam unam quae vocatur Stanney alteram Villam quae vocatur Maurice-Aston cùm omnibus pertinentiis liberas quietas ab omni terreno Servitio Seculari exactione pro salute Animae meae Patris mei Matris meae Uxoris meae omnium Antecessorum Haeredum meorum in puram perpetuam Elemosynam Concessi quoquè eis in perpetuam Elemosynam quietantiam Tolnei in emptione venditione omnium rerum suarum per totam terram meam necnòn quietantiam Tolnei de proprio Blado suo in Molendinis meis Dedi etià m eis Messuagium unum in Villâ Cestriae cùm omnibus Aedificiis suis quod habui juxtà Ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis c. Et quandò ego Haeredes mei voluerimus in Domo praenominatâ Placita nostra tenebimus ad expensas nostras hospitabimus Anno ab Incarnatione Domini 1178. Hujus autèm Donationis testes sunt isti Robertus Decanus de Donington Nicolaus Parsona de Marnaham Radulfus Sacerdos de Sallowe Simon Sacerdos de Eston Gregorius Sacerdos de Castello Galfridus Monachus de Parco Simon Monachus de Combermere Henricus Bysset Johannes de Danvillâ Martinus Angevinus Hugo de Dutton Johannes Filius Thurstani c. Lib. C. fol. 62. a. Also Witnesses Ricardus Fitton Willielmus Filius Ricardi Robertus Venator Adam de Dutton Hugo ejus Frater c. Apud Dodyngton This Abby was after Translated to Whalley in Lancashire 1296. This John Constable of Cheshire gave all Hield in Aston nigh Great Budworth to Methroso Punterling rendring a Welsh Lance yearly on St. Bartholomew's day M. num 1. which at this day belongs to Leycester of Tabley He married Alice Sister of William Mandevyle by whom he had Issue Roger Constable of Cheshire who assumed the Sir-name of Lacy Eustace sir-named De Cester Richard de Cester to whom his Brother Roger gave the Town of Moore in Cheshire and after Richard became a Leper and was buried at Norton Geffrey another Son Peter another Son Alice a Daughter Lib. C. fol. 85. b. fol. 62. b. c. d. Anno Domini 1181. John Constable of Cheshire and Richard Peche Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield were appointed Governors of Ireland and sent to keep Dublin which Hugh de Lacy kept For Hugh de Lacy was sent for into England by King Henry the Second with whom the King was much displeased because he had married the Daughter of the King of Connaught without the Licence of Henry the Second Hoveden pag. 611. Also Giraldus and Hollinshed This John Constable of Cheshire had a Clerk called William an excellent Astrologer who in the Year 1186. writ of the Conjunction of the Planets that Year whose Words and Opinion thereon you may read in Hoveden pag. 624. John Constable of Cheshire died at Tyre in the Land of Jerusalem Obiit 1190 Anno Dom. 1190. 2 Rich. 1. Hoveden pag. 685. VII Roger Lacy Constable of Cheshire Son and Heir of John succeeded his Father and was the Seventh Baron of Halton He was sir-named Hell for his fierce and magnanimous Spirit He is the first of the Barons of Halton who assumed the Sir-name of Lacy which Name he retained after the Possessions of Robert Lacy of Pomfret Castle in Yorkshire accrewed to him which Robert Lacy died Anno Domini 1194. and in the Year following a Fine was Levied at Winchester between this Roger Constable and Awbrey his Grandmother wherein she settles on him the great Inheritance which belonged to Robert Lacy in these words 5 Rich. 1. 1194. Haec est finalis Concordia facta in Curiâ Domini Regis apud Wintonam 21 die Aprilis Anno Regni Domini Regis Ricardi Quinto corà m Domino Rege Huberto Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo Willielmo Eliensi Episcopo Domini Regis Cancellario Hugone Dunelmensi G. Roffensi Episcopis Willielmo de Sanctae Mariae Ecclesiâ Ranulpho Comite Cestriae Comite R. le Bigot Willielmo Mareschallo Gaufrido Filio Petri Hugone Bard aliis fidelibus Domini Regis qui tùnc ibi aderant Inter Albreiam de Lisores Rogerum Constabularium Cestriae Nepotem * Nepos here signifies a Grandson as properly the Word ought but very frequently in old Deeds it is used for a Nephew suum de totâ Terrâ quae fuit Roberti de Lasci Undè placitum fuit intèr eos in Curiâ Domini Regis scilicèt quòd praedicta Albreia Haeredes sui quietum clamaverunt praedicto Rogero Haeredibus suis totam praenominatam terram quae fuit Roberti de Lascy Et praedictus Rogerus concessit praedictae Albred quòd teneat totam Terram quae fuit Roberti de Lisores Patris ipsius Albred sinè aliquo retenemento totâ vitâ suâ benè in pace per servitium quod ad illam Terram pertinet scilicèt Servitium Feodorum octo Militum Et post decessum suum Willielmus Filius praefatae Albred He was Son of Awbrey by William Fitz-Williams Haeredes sui Terram illam tenebunt liberè quietè per praedictum Servitium de praedicto Rogero Haeredibus suis in Feodo Haereditate Praetereà praefatus Rogerus dedit praedictae Albred viginti Libratas Terrae in Bardinton quas ipsa Albred totâ vitâ suâ tenebit quietas ab omni Servitio post decessum suum Willielmus Filius suus Haeredes sui eandem terram tenebunt de praedicto Rogero Haeredibus suis in Feodo Haereditate per Servitium Feodi unius Militis Et pro Concessione harum viginti Libratarum Terrae praedicta Albred continuò deliberavit quietam clamavit praedicto Rogero Villam de Hauton in Lindeseiâ cùm omnibus pertinentis suis quam in Dotem tenuerat Couchir-Book in the Dutchy-Office at Grays-Inn Tom. 2. Honor sivè Soca de Bolingbroke num 1 pag. 110. Lib. C. fol. 64. g. This Roger is ranked by Hoveden pag. 783. as the most eminent Baron of the Realm and next after the Earls among those Great Persons whom King John most doubted and required to swear Fealty to him by his Commissioners Anno Domini 1199. upon the death of Richard the First which they did upon Condition that every of them should have their Lands restored And the King restored unto Roger Lacy his Castle of Pomfret having first received his Son and Heir for a Pledge Hoveden pag. 794. put out with other Authors by Sir Henry Savil 1601. He was one of those whom King John employed for the Safe Conduct of the King of Scotland unto the Court of England when the King of Scotland did Homage to the King of England at Lincoln presently after the Coronation of King John sub Anno Domini 1200. Hoveden pag. 811. And Roger Lacy is there again put down the first of all the Barons
leaped Andragathius with his Men and forthwith slew Gratian. Cambden's Britannia pag. 57. But Maximus by his own Soldiers was taken and brought to Theodosius then Emperor of the Eastern Provinces who put him to death after he had worn the Purple Robes five Years Anno scilicèt 388. And Andragathius whose Condition was now desperate cast himself out of the Ship into the Sea And Victor the Son of Maximus was overcome in France by Valentinian and there taken and slain But those Brettans whom Maximus carried out of Brettaine forcibly invaded Armorica in France as some Writers deliver and there planted themselves Cambd. pag. 58. 44. Theodosius upon the Victory over Maximus restoreth to Valentinian II. Son of Valentinian the Emperor what Maximus took from him And Theodosius and Honorius his Son enter Rome in Triumph 45. Valentinian II. is strangled at Vienna by Arbogastes a great Courtier who not daring to Usurp himself sets up Eugenius a base Fellow who of a School-master became an Officer to the Emperor 46. Theodosius Emperor of the East defeateth Eugenius and Theodosius dies of a Dropsie at Millaine Anno 395. and Arcadius his eldest Son succeeds Emperor of the East and his Son Honorius succeeds Emperor of the West 47. Honorius Son of Theodosius a Child of ten Years of age succeeds Emperor of the West whose Tuition is commended to the care of Flavius Stilico who defended Brettaine now called England from the Invasions of the Picts Scots and Saxons Cambden's Britannia pag. 58. and Claudian the Poet lib. 2. de Laudibus Stiliconis etià m in Panegyri de quarto Consulatu Honorii Anno 398. The Roman Power now declining and the Brettans finding a necessity of some General or Commander to defend them from their Barbarous Neighbours fall to chusing of Emperors or Kings 48. Marcus is elected Emperor or Chief Ruler of Brettaine about 405. who was afterwards killed An. Chr. nati 407. 49. Gratianus Municeps was elected Emperor or Chief Governor of Brettaine whom after four Months they reject and take away his Life Anno 407. Bede de Hist Ang. cap. 11. Cambden's Britannia pag. 59. 50. Constantine a mean ordinary Soldier after the death of Gratian is chosen Emperor or Chief Governor of Brettaine by the Army for his Names sake hoping he would Rule happily as Constantine the Great had done Isaacson's Chronology and Cambden pag. 59. Bede de Hist Ang. cap. 11. Honorius associates Constantine the Usurper in the Empire Anno 409. Isaacson Gerontius Constantine's General creates Maximus one of his Servants Emperor at Arragon and killeth Constans Son of Constantine at Vienna where he intercepted him and Besieged Constantine himself at Arelate Constantius one sent by Honorius defeats Gerontius who cowardly running away the Soldiers beset his House and reduced him to such a strait that first he killeth his faithful Friend Alanus and then Nunnichia his Wife who desired to die with her Husband and last of all he killeth himself But Constantine after four Months Siege and the fourth Year of his Empire laying aside his Imperial Robes was made Priest and Arelate yielded up he was brought into Italy by Constantius unto Honorius who caused Constantine to be Beheaded with his two Sons Julian whom he stiled Nobilissimum that is Most Noble Julian and Sebastian the other Son Anno 410. And from this time Brettaine returned to the Government of Honorius Cambden pag. 59. 51. Victorinus sent Governor into Brettaine by Honorius did repress the Excursions of the Picts and Scots with great Wisdom and Valour Honorius the Emperor dieth of a Dropsie Anno 423. and Valentinian the Third was Emperor of the West But after that Rome was taken by Alaricus King of the Gothes and Victorinus called back out of Brettaine by Honorius presently the Brettans take up Arms and provide for their own safety and also the Brettans of Armorica in France and other Provinces set up Governors of their own rejecting the Roman Governors And this was in the time of Constantine by whose sloth the Picts and Scots over-ran this Island But a little after the Brettans pray that Honorius would send them Aid to defend their Cities but sending no Forces he admonished them by Letters that they should have a care to defend themselves The Brettans upon these Letters take up Arms and finding themselves unable to resist their Barbarous Enemies they earnestly beseech Honorius to send a Legion hither for their safety and obtained it which upon their coming hither overthrew a great multitude of their Enemies and drove the rest out of the Borders of their Province and built a Mud-wall between Edenborough-Frith and Cluid which was of little use For after that Legion was called back to defend France the Picts and Scots easily broke over the Bounds and most miserably spoiled the Brettans on every side Again Messengers are sent with rent and torn Garments and their Heads covered with Sand thereon lamentably craving Aid from the Romans Whereupon Forces were assigned by the Command of Valentinian the Third under Gallio of Ravenna who valiantly beat back the Picts and Scots and did a little revive their wasted Province Miserable now and deplorable was the Face of Things The Roman Empire as it were expiring and the Church by reason of the great Turmoil of Wars much pestered with Heretiques Pelagius now taught in our Brettaine That we might attain to Perfect Righteousness by our own Works And one Timothy also impiously disputed among our Brettans against the Divine and Humane Nature of Christ Cambden's Britannia pag. 59 60. Now ended the Rule of the Romans in Brettaine being the four hundred seventy and sixth Year from Caesar's entrance into Brettaine so accounts Cambden But I take it to be from the first entrance of Caesar to the time of Valentinian III. 479 Years at least when in the time of Valentinian the Roman Forces under the Command of Gallio were called back to defend France and Brettaine left naked without Arms and deprived of their Prime Military Men and their Treasure exhausted without any Defence against the Cruelty of the Picts and Scots Besides those Brettans saith Cambden carried away by Maximus and the last Constantine by Ancient Inscriptions and the Book of the Provinces called Notitia Provinciarum it appears that these underwritten did serve the Romans in their Wars dispersed through the Provinces which also were from time to time supplied out of Brettaine Viz. Ala Britannica Milliaria Ala IV Britonum in Egypto Cohors Prima Aelia Britonum Cohors III Britonum Cohors VII Britonum Cohors XXVI Britonum in Armeniâ Britanniciani sub Magistro Peditum Invicti Juniores Britanniciani Inter Auxilia Palatina Exculcatores Jun. Britan. Inter Auxilia Palatina Britones cùm Magistro Equitum Galliarum Thus have I briefly run through the Romans in Brettaine with the Times when they ruled there as near as I can but sometimes I cannot trace them so exactly as I could wish because the Ancient Authors are
reigned 44 Years 4 Months and 7 Days The Scotch Line Kings and Monarchs of all Great-Brettaine and Ireland 24. James VI. King of Scotland Son of Mary Queen of Scots Anno Chr. 1602. Daughter and Heir of James V. Son of James IV. and of the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry the Seventh King of England was Proclaimed King of England in London March 24. 1602. as the next undoubted Heir to the Crown of England A Learned and Religious Prince of whom the Lord Bacon saith in his Advancement of Learning pa. 2. It is no Amplification but a positive and measured Truth That there was not so Learned a Temporal Monarch since Christ 's time in all Literature Divine and Humane as this King James Of whom see more in Scotland He died at Theobalds the 27 of March 1625. aged 60 Years He was the first Monarch of all Great-Brettaine He Reigned 22 Years and 3 Days 25. Charles I. Son of James VI. of Scotland was overpowred by the Puritanical Faction in England confederate with the Covenanters of Scotland who began their Rebellion in England Anno 1642. which continued by the Assistance of the Rebellious Parliament of England until the Year 1660. miserably ruinating both our Church and State And these Rebels murthered this Good King the 30 day of January 1648. in the 49 Year of his Age and banished his Children He Reigned 23 Years 10 Months and 3 Days 26. Charles II. Son of Charles I. was kept out of his Kingdoms till after the death of Oliver Cromwel the Traytor stiled the Protector but was after Restored and Returned to his Kingdoms the 29 day of May Anno Domini 1660. chiefly next under God who disposeth and ordereth the Hearts of all Men by the Assistance of Colonel George Monk who then had the Command of all the Forces in Scotland and England Principally and was afterwards made Duke of Albemarle by this King as well he deserved Of the Dukes of Normandy before William the Conqueror II. THe Dukes of Normandy from whence our Norman Kings of England aforesaid are descended are the Progeny of Rollo the Dane who invaded the Province of Neustria in France with a great Army which because they consisted of Men brought out of the North part of the World they were called Normans and that Province of France was called Normannia in Latin For in the Saxon Language of our Ancestors Normans denotes as much as Populi Septentrionales in the Latine And were a People as Cambden saith commixt of Norwegians Swedes and Danes 1. This Rollo took Baieux in Normandy by Storm and slew Berengarius Earl thereof and after married Popa Daughter of the said Berengarius on whom he begot William afterwards Duke of Normandy sirnamed Longespée because of the long Sword he used to wear And Rollo much perplexed the French by his daily Rapines over-running almost all France to Burgundy At last for the Mediation of a Peace Charles the Simple King of France gave unto him all the Land of Normandy from the River Epta to the Sea to be held by Homage from the Kings of France with Gista his Daughter in Marriage Popa his former Wife being now either dead or divorced Whereupon Rollo was Baptised by Franco Archbishop of Roan Anno Chr. 917. Anno Domini 912. And he was the first Duke of Normandy and died Anno Christi nati 917. Ordericus Vitalis lib. 3. ad initium Will. Gemeticensis lib. 2. cap. 12 17. 2. William sirnamed Longespée Duke of Normandy was Son of Rollo Slain Anno Christi 942. 3. Richard I. Duke of Normandy Son of William was but 10 Years old when his Father was slain He was Duke 54 Years 4. Anno 996. Richard II. Son of Richard I. by Gunnor first his Concubine and after his Wife Gemeticensis lib. 8. cap. 36. succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke 30 Years He had two Sons who succeeded Dukes one after another Richard and Robert besides other Children 5. Anno 1026. Richard III. Son of Richard II. succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke scarce a Year and a half 6. Anno 1028. Robert Brother to Richard III. succeeded Duke and after he had been Duke seven Years and a half he died at the City of Nice in Bithynia Anno 1035. 7. William Bastard Son of Robert by Arlet or Herlue as some write her a Skinners Daughter of Faloys in Normandy Chronicon Joh. Bromton pag. 910. a Child of eight Years of Age succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke 53 Years Ordericus lib. 3. in initio In the 32 Year of his Dukedom to wit Anno 1066. he Conquered England and is commonly called William the Conqueror Robert Curthose eldest Son of the Conqueror was after his Father also Duke of Normandy See the rest above pag. 32. among the Norman Kings of England ⚜ Normandy was lost to the French in the Reign of King John Anno 1204. Mat. Paris pag. 212. Normandy won again from the French by Henry V. Anno 1416. Normandy lost again by Henry VI. Anno 1449. And so much of England OF VVALES CHAP. I. Of the Name of Wales and Description of the Countrey I. THe Name of Wales was imposed from our Saxon Ancestors For the Ancient Brettans being beaten out of England by the Saxons fled into the West Parts of Brettaine being naturally fortified with great Mountains and Overflowings of the Sea to wit into that Part now called Wales and into Cornwal But the Brettans of Cornwal though they stoutly endeavoured to defend their Country yet were they soon forced to leave it to the Saxons Cambden and Verstegan tell us That the Saxons termed all Aliens and Strangers Walsh And hence they called these Inhabitants because Strangers unto them by the name of Walsh-men and their Countrey Wales But more probable it is that forasmuch as they be descended from the ancient Gaules their Neighbors in Latin termed Galli by the French Galles which the Saxons pronounce Walles and from whence Walles-man and now corruptly Welsh-man it seems to me to be thence called Wales as one should say The Countrey of the Waules or Walles And in ancient Latin Authors it is many times stiled Guallia and the Inhabitants thereof Gualli and every Man knows how the Saxons in most Words do use W for G as War for Guerre Ward for Guard and the like And at this day the French stile the eldest Son of the King of England Le Prince de Galles The ancient Galli were called Cimbri or Kimbri undè Cambro-Britannia is used for Wales and Cambro-Britannus for a Welshman And ask these Cambro-Brittans or Welsh-Brittans how they call themselves they will presently tell you Kimeri or Kumeri which sounds as much as Kimbri or Kymbry now in Latin molded into Cambri Howsoever the Name came the Inhabitants of Wales at this day are the Remnant of the Ancient Brettans but not without great commixture of the English their Neighbors which must needs follow in so long a Tract
Reformation Spotswood's History of the Church of Scotland pag. 116. CHAP. II. Of the Original of the Scots in Scotland I. FIrst for the Etymologie of the Name of Scots it is as of other Nations round about full of obscurity Buchanan a Man otherwise of deep Insight an excellent Latin Poet but a bad Statesman will have Scotland named from Scota a counterfeit Daughter of Pharaoh King of Egypt wedded forsooth to one Gaithelus Son of Cecrops Founder of Athens for which he is justly taxed by Cambden in his Britannia pag. 85. For no Man skilful in Antiquities can endure such palpable Falsities and Fables Matthew of Westminster sub Anno Gratiae 77. saith That from the Picts and the Irish the Scots had their Original as it were compacted of divers Nations For Scot saith he is a heap made up of several things But Learned Cambden supposeth and proveth That the Scots inhabited Ireland and from thence came into Scotland and that they were originally Scythians for as from Getae Getici Gothi Gothici so Scythae Scythici Scoti Scotici take their derivation Hibernia propriè Patria Scottorum est saith Bede And Henry of Huntington lib. 1. Histor pag. 301. saith It is certain that the Scots came out of Spain into Ireland and from Ireland part of them came into Brettaine and so added a third Nation in Brettaine to the Britons and Picts For the Part which remained in Ireland did in Huntington's time use the same Language and were called Navarri II. But for the time when the Name of Scot was first known there is some question Homfrey Lhuid saith The Name of Scots cannot be found in any Author before the time of Constantine the Great that is till about 310 Years after Christ's Birth Cambden in his Observation tells us The first mention of the Scots was under Aurelian the Emperor in his Britannia pag. 90. And that must be about the Year of Christ 270. The Nation of the Scots prevailed in Ireland and began to be famous towards the declining of the Roman Empire Orosius lib. 1. cap. 2. pag. 19. Orosius saith That in the time of Honorius and Arcadius Emperors Ireland was Inhabited with the Scots about the Year of Christ 400. Whence Claudian the Poet de Quarto Consulatu Honorii which was in Anno 398. and lived in the same Age saith Scottorum cumulos flevit Glacialis Ierne And again in his second Book de Laudibus Stiliconis Totam cùm Scotus Iernam Movit There were Scoti Ierni Irish Scots and Scoti Albini Scots of Albin in Scotland Buchanan pag. 54. Historians called Ireland Scotia major and Scotland in Brettaine Scotia minor Cambd. Brit. pag. 90. III. For the time when these Scots came first out of Ireland into Brettaine it was about the time of Valentinian the Emperor for they assisted the Picts in their Wars against the Brettons then under the Roman Yoke in that part of Brettaine which is now called England about Anno Christi 366. So Cambden's Britannia pag. 55. ex Ammiano Marcellino For at this time the Picts Scots Saxons and the Attacotti did much infest the Brettans And Claudian the Poet in his Panegyrick of the fourth Consulship of Honorius the Emperor which was in the Year of Christ 398. saith thus Ille Caledoniis posuit qui Castra Pruinis Qui medio Libyae sub Casside pertulit aestus Terribilis Mauro Debellatorque Britanni Littoris ac paritèr Boreae vastator Austri Quid rigor aeternus Coeli quid Sydera prosunt Ignotúmque fretum Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis Hiberne And it should seem that the Romans had at this time an Officer called Comes Littoris Saxonici in Brettaine who with the Soldiers allotted him were to defend the Sea-coast in Brettaine from the Invasion of the Saxons And the Scots and Picts were also beaten out of that Part of Brettaine now called England by Stilico the Chief Governor of Brettaine under Honorius who also expelled the Saxons And the Scots returning back into Ireland shortly after came again And the Picts then first and afterwards continued in the Northern Parts of Brettaine yet ceased not to molest the Brettans Thus Bede lib. 1. Ecclesiasticae Historiae Anglorum Gentis cap. 14 Revertuntur ergò impudentes Grassatores Hyberni domum Post non longum tempus reversuri Picti in extremà parte Insulae tunc primùm deincèps quieverunt Praedas tamèn nonnunquà m exindè Contritiones de Britonum Gente agere non cessârunt Which Bede taketh verbatim out of Gildas cap. 18. fol. 17. b. Now Gildas placeth this after the Brettans had sent their lamentable Letter unto Aetius the Consul which was sent saith Bede Anno Christi 446. Anno Theodosii Secundi vicesimo tertio Lib. 1. Hist cap. 13. The substance of the Letter was thus Aetio tèr Consuli Gemitus Britannorum And so post pauca Repellunt Barbari ad Mare repellit Mare ad Barbaros Inter haec duo genera funerum aut jugulamur aut mergimur Yet for all this the Romans sent them no Aid at that time for the Roman Power was now declining Now the Computation of Bede is not right unless we understand it of the 23 Year of Theodosius after the death of Honorius And so Bede expresseth himself in the beginning of the Chapter For Aetius was Consul the first time with Symmachus Anno Christi 446. And thus the Scots must return about that time into Ireland But Cambden saith Liber Pasletensis casteth the Return of the Scots into the North of Brettaine in Anno Christi 404. Giraldus saith That in the time of Nellus Magnus Monarch of Ireland six Sons of Mured King of Ulster possessed the North Parts of Brettaine whence that Nation was propagated and called Scotland And therefore Cambden conceives it must fall in the Reign of Honorius Bede makes mention of Reuda about this time Lib. 1. de Hist Ang. cap. 1. under whose Conduct the Scots out of Ireland seated themselves in Brettaine on the North side of the River Cluyd which they possessed either by force or friendship from whom they were called Dal-Reudini that is The Part of Reuda And others think That from this Reuda we gave them the Name of Red-Shanks saith Cambden And the Opinion is That about this time flourished that Simon Brechus whom the Scots say was the Founder of their Nation Sinbrech is the true name of the Man Sin signifies Pimples or Freckles ut apud Fordonum legitur Perhaps this was the Brichus who in the time of St. Patrick with Thuibaius Macleius and Auspacus Scotchmen vexed Brettaine as we read in the Life of St. Carantocus But why did the Scots call their Countrey in Brettaine Alban or Albin and the Irish call it Allabany Cambden supposeth from Banno by which Name their Poets call Ireland as it were another Ireland Buchanan saith That Alpum and Album from whence comes Albin is an
ancient word for a Hill and that upon the Sea between Ireland and Scotland the Shore of Scotland seems to rise up into Mountains and so gained the Name of Albin Hist Scot. lib. 1. pag. 12 13. But when the Scots came unto the Picts in Brettaine though they ever and anon did make War and Excursions upon the Brettans yet did they not advance very soon but lived in that Angle where they first arrived They continually warred against the Kings of Northumberland for the space of 127 Years till Edan King of the Scots and his Army were totally routed by Ethelfrid King of Northumberland Anno Domini 603. Bede de Hist Ang. lib. 1. cap. 34. And when the Picts were almost rooted out and the Kingdom of the Northumbrians through Civil Discords and Incursions of the Danes About the Year 800. fell to decay then was all the North part of Brettaine called Scotland from Cluyd and Edenborough-Frith And on this side Cluyd and Edenborough-Frith was part of the Kingdom of Northumberland and possessed by the Saxons as every man knows But at this day Scotland is divided from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway And hence it is that all those who possess the East part of Scotland and are called Lowland-men are descended of the English Saxons and speak the English Tongue and those that inhabit the Western Coast of Scotland called Highlanders be descended from the Scots and speak Irish and are maliciously bent towards the Lowland-men who speak English II. The People of the Scots have been noted of their best Writers for some barbarous Customs one whereof was If any two were displeased they expected no Law but banged it out bravely one and his Kindred against the other and his Kindred This Fighting they called their Feids These deadly Feids King James the Sixth in his Basilicon Doron adviseth his Son to redress with all care possible But it pleased God to give this King so long a Life as to see it remedied in his own days An Act indeed truly Royal and worthy himself Dr. Heylyn's Cosmography pag. 331. Another Custom they had of a strange nature never was the like heard of among the Heathens That the Kings of Scotland should have the Maidenhead or first Nights Lodging with every Woman who was to be married to a Husband that held Land immediately from the Crown and the Lords and Gentlemen should have the like of all those whose Husbands were their Tenants or Homagers And this was by a Law made by Eugenius a lascivious Prince of Scotland But this Custom in the time of Malcolme the Third sirnamed Cammoir was made redeemable for half a Mark of Silver about the Year 1070. which Pension the Scots at this day call The Marchet of the Women Buchanan lib. 7. pag. 214. The reason of the Name Skene in his Interpretation of Old Words thinks to come from March which in the Ancient Scotch Language signifies A Horse and so metaphorically denotes a Pension for the Leaping of a Woman ascendere Mulierem Spelman in his Glossary saith That Merch in the ancient Language of the Brettans signifies a Daughter or Woman-Sex and so denotes a Pension for a Woman's Marriage to the Lord or King CHAP. III. Of the Picts in Scotland THe Name of Pict was first introduced by the Romans saith Buchanan in his History of Scotland lib. 2. pag. 54. because these People painted their Bodies with the Pictures of all manner of Living Creatures It was not their ancient Native Name Herodian saith Neque vestis usum cognôrunt sed ventrem cervicem ferro cingunt Ornamentum id esse ac divitiarum argumentum existimârunt perindè ut aurum caeteri Barbari They put Iron Plates about their Bellies and Necks which they reputed an Ornament and an Argument of Riches as other Foreign Nations esteemed Gold and painted their Bodies with the Forms of all manner of Living Creatures Wherefore they put on no Clothes that they might not hide their Bodies so carved and painted Buchanan supposeth them to be originally Scythians or Getes pag. 55. Hergust their King dying about the time of Victorinus Lord Deputy of Brettaine under Honorius the Emperor who reduced the Picts to the Roman Province about the Year of Christ 412. forbad them to make any new King but what should be given them by the Romans and that it was prophesied of old That the Picts should be rooted out by the Scots Buchanan ibid. pag. 129. And at last Brudus King of the Picts not able to compose the Differences already begun between the Picts and the Scots died for grief and Drusken his Brother who was the last King of the Picts was overthrown in Battel Buchanan li. 5. p. â—65 166. about the Year of Christ 838. by Kenneth the Second King of the Scots and the Picts utterly subdued Since which time the Kings of the Scots have been Lords of all Scotland who before had onely a Part of Scotland It is said That the Nation of the Picts came first out of Scythia into Ireland and from thence into the North Parts of our Brettaine So Bede de Hist Ang. lib. 1. cap. 1. And this as many will have it about Anno Christi 78. Judicious Cambden thinks they were very Brettans who before the coming of the Romans were seated in the North part of our Island with such other Brettans who fled unto them as unwilling to submit to the Roman Servitude In his Britannia pag. 82. For my part I think the Brettans and the Picts do signifie the same thing one being a Greek Name and the other Latin This of Latin being given by the Romans in later Times in distinction from our Brettans of England who submitted to the Roman Government and were stiled as formerly and perhaps more civilized by the Romans Those other more rude and flying into Scotland and continually opposing the Romans were by them called Picti which Name continued afterwards I find not the Name of Picti in any Author mentioned till 300 Years after Christ and more And that as well the Brettans as the Picts were Peopled from the ancient Galles and those originally descended from the Scythians and Getes as Sheringham de Anglorum Gentis Origine doth probably demonstrate There were also two other sorts of People among the Picts in Scotland in the time of the Romans the Maiatae and the Attacotti as they were stiled by the Romans Of whom see Buchanan lib. 2. pag. 57. and also Cambden's Britannia pag. 655. pag. 91. These inhabited the Borders of Scotland CHAP. IV. Of the Kings of Scotland âšœ THe Kingdom of Scotland was never totally Conquered either by the Romans or Saxons for which they may thank their great Barren Mountains whether they fled from the Enemy as a Shelter It consisted as you have already heard of two sorts of People Picts and Scots It remains that I set down the Catalogue of their Kings as far as truth of History will bear For the
to be there the next day at Noon and to do it whiles his Noblemen and Train should be at Dinner Alexander sends Henderson to his Brother John Earl Gowry with all speed to advertise him of the King 's coming The next day being the fifth of August the King came and towards the end of his Dinner Alexander desires the King to dispatch the Business The King arising from the Table Alexander leads him through four or five Rooms locking each Door after him till he came into the round Chamber where Henderson stood Armed Alexander plucking out Henderson's Dagger points it to the King's Breast saying You must die for my Father's Blood calls for vengeance The King deals gently with his Fury and worked so upon him with words that Alexander left him and went to his Brother leaving Henderson with the King who trembled at the Reverence of his Soveraign The King asked Henderson whether he would kill him to whom Henderson replied Not for a World By and by Alexander comes again with a Garter in his Hand swearing that the King should die and then endeavoring to bind the King the King and Alexander strugling together the King dragged him to the Window holding him fast as he could not stir the King cried out Treason into a back Court they hasten up and John Ramsey formerly the King's Page forced the Door at a back Way and finding the King and Alexander panting for the King having closed with him never let loose his hold the King bid Ramsey strike low whereupon Ramsey wounds Alexander mortally in the Belly with his Faucheon then came others into the Room They cast the King's Coat upon the dead Body advising the King to withdraw into another Room Presently enters John Earl Gowry with a Case of Rapiers ready drawn with seven Servants then seeing the King's Coat on the dead Body supposed the King was slain and let fall the Points of his Weapons and suddenly Herres assails him with his rusty Sword and Ramsey stepping in strikes the Earl to the Heart Thus was the King delivered by the Providence of God August the fifth 1600 and Ramsey was Knighted for his Service and had an addition given him to his Coat of Arms to wit of a Hand holding forth a Dagger mounted proper and piercing a bloody Heart with this Motto Haec Dextra vindex Principis Patriae and after had other Honors conferred upon him The other miraculous Deliverance was from the most bloody Plot of the Papists commonly called The Gunpowder Treason which should have been executed the fifth day of November Anno 1605. in the third Year after he was King of England in memory of which Deliverance we have now a Form of Thanksgiving in our Common-Prayer-Book to be used yearly on the fifth of November and a Statute made 3 Jacobi cap. 1. for keeping that Day Holy-day to be set apart yearly for a Thanksgiving to God for this great Deliverance which ought never to be forgotten but to be Recorded to all Posterity and the manner was thus A little before the beginning of that Parliament at Westminster some Welwiller to William Parker Lord Monteagle sends him a Letter to advise him to shift off his Attendance this Parliament as he tendred his Life For though there be no appearance of any Stir yet they shall receive a terrible Blow this Parliament and yet shall not see who hurts them c. This Letter was given by an unknown Fellow to a Footman of the Lord Monteagles with a charge to give it to his Lord 's own Hands which having neither Date nor Subscription the Lord Monteagle not knowing what to make of it brings it to the Earl of Salisbury then Secretary of State But the King not being then in Town the Secretary shews it to the Earl of Suffolk and others and upon the King 's coming back on the Thursday following Salisbury shews it to the King who as it were by Divine Instinct conceived the Letter ought not to be contemned and judged the words of the Letter to be meant of Gunpowder But upon the meeting of the Council order was given for the searching of all Rooms about the Parliament-House by the Lord Chamberlain where a Vault was found under the Lords House stuffed with Wood and Coals which Room was hired by Mr. Thomas Percy a violent Papist Kinsman to the Earl of Northumberland But the care of a farther Search being committed to Sir Thomas Knevet a Justice of Peace for Westminster who the Night before the Parliament was to sit about twelve of the Clock in the Night with competent Assistance with him seized one Guido Faux calling himself John Johnson and Percy 's Man at the Door of the Lodgings ready Booted and Dressed so late and searching the Vault by removing some Billets they found 36 Barrels of Powder and in Faux's Pockets three Matches a dark Lantern and other Implements nay a Watch wherewith to tell the Minutes for Execution All which he confessed upon his Examination There were other Contrivers of the Plot Thomas Winter Robert Catesby Thomas Percy John Wright Christopher Wright and Robert Winter Concerning which Plot and the Confessions of the Parties in their Examinations before the Privy Council King James himself took pains to note it which you may find amongst his Works in Print Anno Chr. 1625. This King James as my Lord Bacon observes in his Advancement of Learning pag. 2. was the most Learned Temporal Monarch since Christ's time in all Literature Divine and Humane He died at Theobalds on Sunday Morning the 27. of March 1625. in the 59. Year of his Age and in the 58. of his Reign over Scotland and having Reigned 22 Years compleat over England whose Son Charles I. ascended his Father's Throne and was the second Monarch of all Great Britain and Ireland whose Subjects as well of England as Scotland are the most rebellious People in the World ever Factious and perfidious towards their Prince See the rest in England So much of Scotland the Revenues of which Kingdom Boterus estimateth at 100000 Crowns or 30000 l. Sterling Dr. Heylin's Cosmography pag. 338. A Table of the chief Battels between the English and the Scots since the Norman Conquest Ann. Dom. 1139. 4 Steph. AT Conton or Couton in Yorkshire about four Miles from Alverton August 22. 1139. where were slain above 10000 Scots by Thurstan Archbishop of York Stow. This is commonly called Standard-Field Mat. Paris puts it Anno 1138. and onely among the Horsemen of the English of any note the Brother of Gilbert Lacy was found slain 1174. 20 Hen. 2. At Alnwick in Northumberland July 7. 1174. where William King of Scotland was taken Prisoner by Robert de Stotevil Rafe Mandevil Bernard Baliol and William Vescy 1296. 24 Ed. 1. At Barwick the English slew 25000 Scots and did win Barwick and Dunbar and conquered Edenborough where Edward the first found the Regal Ensigns of Scotland In his Return he called a
Parliament at Barwick where he received the Homages and Fealty of the Nobility of Scotland Stow. 1298. 26 Ed. 1. At Flowkirk in Scotland July 22. 1298. where were slain more than 20000 Scots Stow. 1313. 7 Edw. 2. At Sterling in Scotland June 24. 1313. where the English were beaten Walsingham and Stow. Buchanan pag. 264 265 saith there fell 200 of the Nobility of England or thereabout and near as many more of the Nobility taken Prisoners and 50000 common Soldiers were slain as some Scots relate and on the part of the Scots were slain about 4000. and onely two Knights James Duglas then General of the Scotch Forces At a Place by Barwick called Bothul near Halydown 1332. 6 Edw. 3. where were slain on the part of the Scots 8 Earls 1300 Horse and 35000 common Soldiers and Turnebull the Scotch Champion was overcome in Combat by Sir Robert Nenale a Norfolk Gentleman Stow. This is called The Battel of Halydown Hill At Durham the 27. of October 1346. 1346. 20 Ed. 3. whiles King Edward the Third Besieged Calice in France David Bruse King of Scotland by the procurement of Philip King of France entered Northumberland with an Army of 60000 Men and pitched near Durham in a Park called Beverpeir where the Archbishop of York the Lord Zouch Percy Mowbray and other Lords and Sir Robert Bertram Sheriff of Northumberland with an Army of 30000 Men met the Scots at Durham and did beat them In which Battel John Coupeland took David the King of Scotland Prisoner with three Scotch Earls So Walsingham This John Coupeland of Northumberland had 500 l. per annum given him during his Life for this Service and was made a Banneret At Otterborn in Northumberland the Scots under the Command of James Duglas 1388. 12 Rich. 2. took Henry Percy the younger and Rafe his Brother Prisoners slew 1100 English put to flight 30000 more Stow. This was Fought about the 12. of the Calends of August 1388. Buchanan saith the two Generals Henry Percy of the English and James Duglas of the Scots singled themselves out from the Army and Fought apart and Percy was unhorsed but the English relieved him and tells us that there fell on the English side 1840 and about 1000 wounded and 1040 taken Prisoners pag. 319. At Hallydown near the Town of Wollar Sept. 14. 1402. where the English 1402. 3 Hen. 4. conducted by Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland and Henry his Son took Earl Duglas the Scotch General Prisoner with divers others of the Flower of the Scotch Chivalry Stow. At Flodden-Field in Northumberland September 9. 1513. wherein James IV. 1513. 5. Hen. 8. King of Scotland was slain at Bramston on Piperd-Hill Stow. Wherefore by some this is called Bramston Field by others Flodden Field and though the Day fell to the English yet there was taken and slain of the English 1500. Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey being then General of the English At Solomosse beyond Carlisle November 24. 1542. where 15000 Scots 1542. 34 Hen. 8. under the Command of the Lord Maxwell were overthrown Muscleborough Field in Scotland Fought September 10. 1547. where Edward Seymour 1547. 1 Edw. 6. Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector was General of the English Forces 14000 Scots slain and 1500 taken Prisoners and not above 60 English slain Stow. OF IRELAND CHAP. I. Of the Name Situation and ancient Inhabitants of Ireland I. IRELAND is called by Orpheus Aristotle and Claudian IERNE by Juvenal and Mela IWERNA by Diodorus Siculus IRIS by Martianus of Heracleota 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Eustathius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and BEP'NIA by the Natives ERIN by the Brettans YUERDON and by the English IRELAND and Cambden most probably concludes that Hibernia and Iwerna and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 flow from Aristotle's and Orpheus's Ierne and that Ierna Iuerhdon Iris and Ireland do all spring from Erin as the Inhabitants themselves do call it which Cambden conjectureth to come from the Irish word Hier which in that Language signifies The West Point so that Erin denotes as much as The West Countrey or Western Land The Irish Bards in their Songs called it Tirvolac Toridanan and Banno as by much the most ancient Names of that Island but why saith Cambden I cannot tell unless Banno be that Bannomanna which Pliny mentions out of Timaeus whiles he relates the utmost Parts of Europe and the Shore of the North Ocean on the left Hand from Scythia even to the Gades What that Bannomanna was is not yet known to Geographers But Biaun in Irish is Holy in English and Festus Avienus calleth this of Ireland The Holy Island If that Ogygia which Plutarch placeth at the West of our Brettaine be no Dream but a true Vision he may seem to point out Ireland by that Name howbeit the things which he speaks of are meer Poetical Fictions and Milesian Fables nor can any tell why they named it Ogygia unless perhaps from the Antiquity for the Grecians call nothing Ogygia but what is very ancient II. It containeth 300 Miles in length and scarce 120 in breadth and hath England on the East from whence it is severed by a boisterous Sea called The Channel of St. George or The Irish Sea On the West part it is environed with the vast Ocean called The Western Ocean on the North with the Deucalidonian Ocean and on the South with the Vergivian Ocean situate under the eighth and tenth Climates the longest Day being 16 Hours and a half in the Southern Parts and 17 Hours and 3 quarters in the Northern III. It is observed among other things that in this Island there is neither Snake nor Toad nor any venomous Creature neither will any such live in that Soil if brought from other Places And all living Creatures in Ireland are of a lesser size in their Kind than those in England except Women and Greyhounds and those are bigger than with us in England It abounds with Sheep and Cattel but much infested with Wolves The Kernes or wild Irish are extremely barbarous IV. To omit the many Fables devised by the ancient Irish Historians as that Caesarea the Neece of Noah should inhabit here before the Flood with many other of the like stamp It seems to be Peopled very anciently by the Brettans for that many ancient words in the Irish Language do savour of the British Original and that the Irish and the Brettans were not much different in their Dispositions and Manners as Tacitus saith and that by all ancient Writers as Diodorus Siculus Ptolemy and Strabo it is reckoned among the British Islands And there is no Nation by reason of the nearness whence they may pass more commodiously to Ireland than out of our Brettain from whence they may be as soon wafted into Ireland as out of France into Brettain We read not that ever the Romans subdued Ireland but in the declining State of the Roman Empire the Nation of the Scots or
sub Anno 1236. Comite Cestriae Gladium Sancti Edwardi qui Curtein dicitur antè Regem baiulante in signum quòd Comes est Palatii Regem si oberret habeat de jure potestatem cohibendi suo sibi scilicet Cestrensi Constabulario ministrante Virgâ Populum cùm se inordinatè ingereret subtrahente This is the first time saith Selden in his Titles of Honour pag. 641. speaking of the Title of Earl-Palatine in England that in express words he found the Earl of Chester called Earl-Palatine nor hath he observed the word Palatine to be applied so with us before Henry the Second's time or thereabout For although the County of Chester be frequently called a County Palatine as well in our Laws as in common Language as Comitatus Palatinus or Palantinus or Counter-Paleys corruptly for County-Paleis as sometimes it is in our Law-Books And although indeed it be truly a County-Palatine and hath so continued ever since the first Gift to Hugh Lupus unless we except the short time whiles it was a Principality Statute 21 Rich. 2. cap. 9. which was repealed 1 Hen. 4. cap. 3. Yet neither in their Summons to Parliament nor in any other Writ directed to them were they stiled Earl-Palatines Neither do I see testimony to perswade me that when the first Grant was made to Hugh Lupus it was granted to him by the Name of Earl-Palatine But this Earldom being given him with such Liberties and kind of Regal Jurisdiction as Count Palatines of Territories in Foreign Parts had it hath therefore since been called a County Palatine and the Earls thereof Palatines Now to be Earl Palatine was to have the Possession of a County or Earldom ad Regalem potestatem in omnibus under the King as Bracton well expresseth the same And to this day the County Palatine of Chester hath had a Chamberlain who supplieth the Place of Chancellor and also Justices before whom the Causes which of their nature should otherwise belong respectively to the Kings Bench and Common Pleas are triable a Baron of the Exchequer a Sheriff and other Officers proportionable to those of the Crown at Westminster See more of this County Palatine in my Lord Cook 's Jurisdiction of Courts IV. The Wife of John Scot. HE Married Helen Daughter of Lhewellin Prince of North-Wales about Anno Domini 1222. 6 Hen. 3. This Marriage was concluded on as a final Peace between Lhewellin and Randle sirnamed Blundevill Earl of Chester Knighton pag. 2430. Take here the Agreement about this Marriage the original Deed whereof remained in possession of Somerford Oldfield Esquire at Somerford in Cheshire Anno Domini 1653. Haec est Conventio facta inter Dominum Ranulfum Comitem Cestriae Lincolniae Dominum Lhewellinum Principem Northwalliae Quòd Johannes do Scotiâ Nepos praedicti Comitis de Sorore suâ primogenitâ ducet in Uxorem Helenam Filiam ipsius Lhewelini ità quòd dictus Lhewelinus dabit dicto Johanni in libero Maritagio totum Manerium de Budeford in Warewicâ Manerium de Suttehele in Comitatu Wigorniae cùm omnibus pertinentiis sicùt Dominus Johannes Rex ea illi dedit in libero Maritagio Et totum Manerium de Welneton in Comitatu Salopesburiae cum omnibus pertinentiis infrà villam extrà Habendum dicto Johanni haeredibus suis ex dictâ Helenâ provenientibus sicùt idem Lhewelinus ea aliquo tempore meliùs integriùs tenuit Et praetereà dabit eidem Johanni mille marcas Argenti c. Testibus Domino Reverendo Episcopo de Sancto Asaph Domino H. Abbate Cestriae Domino Hugone de Lasci Comite Ultoniae Philippo de Orreby tùnc Justiciario Cestriae H. de Aldideley Gualtero de Daivill Ricardo Fitton Edrevet Liagham Edmundo Filio Righerit Goronon Filio Edrevet Helin Idhit Magistro Estruit Magistro Adâ Davide Clerico Lhewelini Magistro H. Clericis Domini Comitis Cestriae multis aliis V. The Death of John Scot. THis John Scot Earl of Chester and Huntingdon died without Issue at the Abbey of Dernhale in Cheshire the seventh day of June Anno Domini 1237. 21 Hen. 3. not without suspicion of being poysoned by the contrivance of Helene his Wife and was buried at Chester having been Earl of Chester almost five years for Matthew Paris saith Anno 1237. 21 Hen. 3. Johannes Comes Cestriae Uxore suâ Filiâ Leolini machinante Potionatus diem clausit extremum circà Pentecosten With whom agrees Polychronicon Walsingham and Knighton pag. 2431. Helene the Widow of this John sirnamed The Scot did afterwards Marry Robert de Quincy third Son of Saher de Quincy Earl of Winchester See Vincent upon Brook pag. 260. Which Robert de Quincy died Anno Domini 1257. 41 Hen. 3. at the Justs or Torneament at Blie Matth. Paris put out by Wats 1640. pag. 942. And I find that Saher de Quincy Earl of Winchester had two Sons called Robert Robert de Quincy eldest Son Married Hawise fourth Sister and Coheir to Randle Earl of Chester and Lincoln sirnamed Blundevill by whom he had a Daughter called Margaret Married to John Lacy Constable of Cheshire and Baron of Halton and after Earl of Lincoln in his Wifes Right as is before more fully proved in the Issue of Hugh Cyveliok Earl of Chester This Robert died in the Life-time of Saher his Father which Saher died 1220. as Matthew Paris recordeth Roger de Quincy second Son of Saher succeeded his Father in the Earldom of Winchester and this Robert third Son of Saher who Married the Widow of John Scot. VI. But this John the Scot having no Issue King Henry the Third took the Earldom of Chester into his own hands and laid it to the Demaine of his Crown and gave unto the Sisters of John the Scot other Lands unwilling that so great an Inheritance as the Earldom of Chester was should be divided as the King himself said among Distaffs Cambden's Britannia Printed 1607. pag. 464. Now the Sisters were these Margaret the eldest was the second Wife of Alan de Galloway Constable of Scotland of whom he begot Derbergoille Married to John Baliol of Bernards-Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham Founder of Baliol Colledge in Oxford and died 1269. and was Father to John Baliol sometime King of Scotland in the Reign of Edward the First King of England Isabel second Sister to John the Scot Married Robert de Bruis Maud the third Sister died without Issue and Alda or Ada the fourth Sister Married Henry Hastings Knighton pag. 2431. But the first Wife of Alan de Galloway aforesaid was the Daughter of Hugh Lacy of Ireland by whom he had Issue three Daughters Helen Married Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in whose Right he was afterward Constable of Scotland but had no Issue Male onely three Daughters Christian second Daughter of Alan de Galloway by his first Wife Married William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle and Mary third Daughter died without Issue
and one Month. 9. Edward I. Son of Henry III. subdued Wales and brought Scotland into subjection He died the seventh of July 1307. aged 68 Years He Reigned 34 Years 7 Months and 22 Days 10. Edward II. Son of Edward I. was Barbarously and Traiterously deposed through a strong Faction raised against him by his Queen and afterwards murthered in Barkley-Castle He was deposed the 25 of January 1326. and murthered September 21. 1327. He Reigned 19 Years 6 Months and 18 Days 11. Edward III. Son of Edward II. a Valorous Prince overthrew the French in two great Battels took Caliz and many other Places in that Kingdom and Quartered the Arms of France in his Coat which the succeeding Kings of England have ever since imitated and retained He died at Richmond the 21 day of June 1377. in the 56 Year of his Age. He Reigned 50 Years and almost 5 Months 12. Richard II. Son of Prince Edward called The Black Prince and Grandson of Edward III. was Traiterously deposed by his Cosin Henry Duke of Hereford and Lancaster the 29 of September 1399. and after murthered in Prison the 14 day of February following in Pomfret Castle He Reigned 22 Years 3 Months and 8 Days The Lancastrian Line 13. Henry IV. Duke of Lancaster Son of John of Gant fourth Son of King Edward the Third traiterously and villainously taking up Arms against his Prince caused Richard the Second to be deposed and made himself King He spent his whole Reign in suppressing of home-bred Rebellions He died the 20 of March 1412. in the 46 Year of his Age. He Reigned 13 Years and 6 Months wanting 10 Days 14. Henry V. Son of Henry IV. the Mirror of Magnificence and passing swift in running He was of New-College in Oxford under the Government of Henry de Beaufort his Uncle on the Fathers side then Chancellor of Oxford He Conquered France and died in the Castle of Boys de Vincennes not far from Paris the last day of August 1422. He Reigned 9 Years 5 Months and 10 Days 15. Henry VI. Son of Henry V. an Infant of 8 Months old a Pious but Unfortunate Prince He was Crowned King of France in Paris 7 Decembris 1431. which he held during the Life of his Uncle John Duke of Bedford Regent of France But afterwards he did not onely lose all France again but England also to the Duke of York's Faction who claimed the Crown of England in right of Anne Grandmother to Edward IV. and Daughter to Roger Mortimer Earl of March Son of Edmund Mortimer by Philippa Daughter and Heir of Lionel Duke of Clarence third Son of Edward III. and Elder Brother of John of Gant He Reigned 38 Years 6 Months and 4 Days Kings of the Duke of York's Line 16. Edward IV. Son of Richard Duke of York challenged the Crown as aforesaid and prevailing in several Battels against Henry VI. was Crowned King of England the fourth of March 1460. Yet Henry VI. was Crowned again 13 die Octobris 1470. But he enjoyed his Title of Redemption but a while for he died about six Months after to wit in Anno 1471. having lived 52 Years He Reigned 22 Years 1 Month and odd Days This Edward the Fourth died the ninth of April 1483. aged 41 Years He was the first of all the Norman Kings who married his own Subject Anno Chr. 1483. 17. Edward V. Son of Edward IV. was never Crowned but murthered by his Uncle Richard Duke of Glocester Protector in June 1483. in the thirteenth Year of his Age in the Tower of London He Reigned two Months 18. Richard III. youngest Brother of King Edward IV. being Protector to the late young King and dispatching him and his Brother out of the way usurpeth the Crown He was slain at Bosworth-field in Leycestershire the 22 day of August 1485. He Reigned 2 Years and 2 Months The Union of the Two Families Lancaster and York 19. Henry VII Earl of Richmond next Heir to the House of Lancaster as Son of Edmund a That Edmund was called Edmund of Haddam Son of Owen Tudor by Queen Katharine the Widow of Henry the Fifth Tudor by Margaret Daughter of John Duke of Somerset descended of John of Gant Duke of Lancaster after the Overthrow given by him unto Richard the Third at Bosworth married Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to King Edward the Fourth and so United the Families He died at Richmond the 22 day of April 1509. after he had Reigned 23 Years and 8 Months 20. Henry VIII Son of Henry VII Heir to both Families He shaked off the Pope's Supremacy in this Nation suppressed the Monasteries and began the Reformation of Religion in England A Prince of great Vices and of great Vertues He wrote a Book against Luther for which Pope Leo X. gave him by Charter the Title of Defender of the Faith dated 1521. Herbert's Hist of Hen. 8. pag. 95. Which Title hath ever since been used by his Successors He died at Westminster the 28. of January 1546. having Reigned 37 Years 9 Months and 6 Days Trussel's History pag. 263. saith There perished in the Civil Wars between the the Houses of Lancaster and York Two Kings One Prince Ten Dukes Two Marquesses Twenty one Earls Twenty seven Lords Two Viscounts One Lord Prior of St. Johns of Jerusalem One Judge 139 Knights 441 Esquires 84998 Common Persons Dr. Heylyn in his Cosmography pag. 320. accounts thus Seventeen Pitched Fields Eight Kings and Princes slain Forty Dukes Marquesses and Earls 200000 Common People Besides Barons and Gentlemen 21. Edward VI. Son of Henry VIII by Jane Seymour a Child He died at Greenwich 6 die Julii 1553. about 15 Years old In his time Priests were allowed to Marry See Stat. 2 3 Edw. 6. cap. 21. He Reigned 6 Years 5 Months and 8 days 22. Queen Mary Daughter of Henry VIII by Katherine of Spain his Brother Arthur's Widow lost Caliz to the French 1557. A Bloody Queen She married Philip King of Spain 25 die Julii 1554. And she died at St. Jameses House in London the 17 of November 1558. She set up Popery and Reigned 5 Years 4 Months and 11 Days 23. Queen Elizabeth Daughter of Henry VIII by the Lady Anne of Bullein his second Wife A most Gracious Heroick Princess She perfected and refined the Reformation of Religion begun by her Father furnished the Royal Navy with all Warlike Ammunitions succoured the Scots against the French and the French Protestants against the Papists defended the Netherlands against the Attempts of the Spaniards commanded the Whole Ocean entred League with the Muscovite and was most Famous in the Prudent Government of her Kingdom assisted by most Wise and Able Statesmen and Privy-Counsellors about her as any Prince in Christendom had and which is most rare were all Faithful and Loyal to her She died the 24 day of March 1602. which is the last Day of the Year according to the Computation of the Church of England at Richmond in Surrey aged 70 Years She
came Horsemen about the Grove and as he would have escaped one Adam Francton pursued him and ran him through but knew him not and when he came to see his Face in the Spoil he knew him well and struck off his Head sub Anno 1282. Yet Stow saith That whiles Lhewelyn was speaking disgraceful Words against the English at Buelht-Castle where he was taken Roger le Strange ran upon him and cut off his Head And in Anno 1283. King Edward the First subdued all Wales and annexed it to the Crown of England and David the Brother of Lhewelyn was taken with some of his Sons and Daughters And David was sent to the Castle of Chester and after convicted of Treason in the Parliament at Shrewsbury and put to death saith our Stowe Giraldus Cambrensis in his Description of VVales cap. 3. hath this Pedegree of the Ancient Princes of VVales which I thought good here to insert Roderik the Great King of All VVales who was slain Anno Christi 876. Princes of North-VVales 1. Mervin Prince of North-VVales 2. Anandhrec Son of Mervin 3. Meyric Son of Anandhrec 4. Edwal Son of Meyric 5. Jago Son of Edwal 6. Conan Son of Jago 7. Griffith Son of Conan 8. Owen Son of Griffith 9. Jorwerth Son of Owen 10. Lhewelyn Son of Jorwerth who died Anno 1240. Princes of Powys Anaraud Son of Roderik had no Issue undè Principes Powisiae suam habent per se Generationem So Giraldus But this agrees not with the Welsh History which makes Anaraud to be the Prince of North-VVales and Father of Edwal Vowel Princes of South-VVales Cadelh Prince of South-Wales Son of Roderik Howel Dha that is Howel the Good Son of Cadelh Owen Son of Howel Aeneas Son of Owen Theodor Son of Aeneas or Eneon Rees Son of Theodor 1077. Griffith Son of Rees Obiit 1137. Rees Son of Griffith To conclude We see how uncertain the VVelsh History in the later Times is not so much as vouching any Author or Record either to prove the Deaths or Marriages or Children punctually nor when and therefore full of Errors till of late since the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror And how should we believe any thing of the long Pedegree of Brute in the more ancient and dark Ages And so much concerning Wales OF SCOTLAND CHAP. I. Of the Description of Scotland and the Ancient Inhabitants thereof I. SCOTLAND is the Northern Part of Great-Brettaine separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot-Hills extending from the one to the other It is of no great Breadth there being no Place distant from the Sea above 60 Miles and the Countrey ending like the sharp Point of a Wedge And the length measuring in a strait Line from North to South to wit from Solway-Frith to the Strait-by-Head amounteth but to 310 Italian Miles and from Barwick to Strait-by-Head is a great deal shorter Dr. Heylyn's Cosmography pag. 330. II. The whole North part of Brettaine anciently inhabited by the Picts was divided into two Nations the Dicalidonii and the Vecturiones But when the Scots came into those Parts and were seated there then did seven Princes divide it into seven Parts as it is in an Ancient Book concerning the Division of Scotland in these words following Cambden's Britannia pag. 682. Prima Pars continebat Enegas Maern Secunda Atheol Gouerin Tertia Stratheern cùm Meneted Quarta fuit Fortheuer Quinta Mar cùm Bughen Sexta Muref Ros. Septima Cathenesia quam Mound Mons medius dividit qui à Mari Occidentali ad Mare Orientale procurrit According to the respect of the People Scotland is divided into two Parts the High-land-men and the Low-land-men The Low-land-men are more civilized and use both the Tongue and Habit of the English The Highlanders more barbarous and cruel like the Wild Irish The Borderers I exclude out of this Division as to be reckoned among the British People According to respect of Places Scotland is divided into two Parts also South-Scotland on this side the River Tai and North-Scotland beyond the River Tai besides many circumjacent Islands South-Scotland hath these Countries Tiefidale Merch. Lauden Liddesdale Eskedale Annandale Niddesdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Arran Cluydsdale Lennox Stirling Fife Stratherne Mentieth Arguyle Cantire Lorn North-Scotland hath these Countries Loquabria Braid Albin Perth Athol Angus Mern Marr. Buquhan Murray Ross Sutherland Cathanes Strathnavern And these are again divided for Civil Government into Sheriffdoms Stewarties and Bayleries Sheriffdoms or Counties Edenborough Lynthiquo Selkirk Roxburgh Peblis Berwick Lanark Kenfrew Dunfreis Wighton Aire Bute Argile Tarbet Dunbarton Perth Clackmannan Kinros Fife Kincardin Forfair Aberdene Bamf Elgyn Forres Narne Innerness Chromartie Orkney Shetland Stewarties Mentieth Strathern Kircudbricht Annandale Bayleries 1. Kile 2. Carrik 3. Cunningham Hadington A Constableship III. The Ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey dwelling within the Limits of the Roman Province about Anno Christi 100. according to Cambden de Scotiâ were The Gadeni Tevidale Twedale Merch. Lothaine Latine Lodeneium The Chief City whereof was Castrum Alatum now called Edenborough The Damnii Cluydsdale Lennox Sterling Mentieth Fife Whose Chief City was Randuara now called Renfraw in Cluydsdale The Selgovae Liddisdale Eusedale Eskdale Annandsdale Niddisdale Whose Chief Place was Carbantorigum now Caerlaverok in Niddisdale Lindum now Linlithquo The Novantes Galloway Carricht Kyle Cunningham Whose Principal Places were Leucopibia now White-Herne and Berigonium now Bargeny Without the Roman Province among the Picts or Barbarous Britons were Caledonii Stratherne Argile Cantire Albanie Lorn Perth Angus Fife These Regions the Picts held Anno 605. Cambden's Britannia pag. 707. Cantae Ross Sutherland Cornabii Strathnavern Epibii Cantirre Vernicones forsà n Vecturiones à Marcellino Mernis Marr. Taizali Buquhan Catini Catness The Principal Castle is Girnego Vacomagi Loqhaber Murray IV. As the Bishops of other Parts of the World had no certain Diocesses before Dionysius Bishop of Rome about Anno Christi 268. had distributed Diocesses to Bishops so the Bishops of Scotland executed their Office without distinction till about Anno 1070. in the time of Malcolme the Third Diocesses were circumscribed with theit Limits Cambden's Britannia pag. 683. Afterwards in tract of time Scotland had two Archbishops one of St. Andrews who was Primate of Scotland the other of Glasco To the Archbishop of St. Andrews are substituted these eight Bishopricks Dunkeld Aberdene Murray Brichen Dumblane Ross Cathness Orkeney Under the Archbishop of Glasco are onely three 1. Candida Casa or Galloway 2. Lismore or Argile 3. Of the Isles Of the Isles the Isle of Man was the first Cathedral Seat but by the Invasion of the Norwegians and the English the same was translated to Ilcomkill In Man Amphibalus was the first Bishop After the Translation of the Seat to Ilcomkill I find onely one Onacus mentioned about the Year 1289. with another called Mauritius whom Edward I. King of England sent Prisoner to London So far to the time of the