the_o parliament_n of_o england_n to_o do_v this_o homage_n and_o escuage_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o they_o and_o the_o scot_n as_o ployden_n say_v against_o who_o war_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o rebel_n not_o as_o enemy_n for_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o england_n and_o be_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o those_o of_o wales_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n b._n vide_fw-la ploid_v fol._n 129._o b._n though_o they_o be_v not_o parcel_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hence_o be_v it_o that_o henry_n the_o three_o upon_o the_o often_o revolt_v of_o the_o welsh_a endeavour_v to_o assume_v the_o territory_n of_o wales_n as_o forfeit_v to_o himself_o and_o confer_v the_o same_o upon_o edward_n the_o longshank_n his_o heir-apparent_a who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n yet_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o possession_n or_o any_o profit_n thereby_o for_o the_o former_a prince_n of_o wales_n continue_v his_o government_n for_o which_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_v edward_n war_n do_v rage_n whereof_o the_o say_v edward_n complain_v to_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n 914._o an._n 1257._o fol._n 914._o who_o make_v he_o this_o answer_n as_o matthew_n paris_n recite_v it_o quid_fw-la ad_fw-la i_o tuâ—_n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la dono_fw-la meo_fw-la est_fw-la exerce_fw-la vires_fw-la primitivas_fw-la famam_fw-la excita_fw-la juvenilem_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la timeant_fw-la inimici_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o be_v your_o territory_n to_o i_o it_o be_v of_o my_o gift_n advance_v your_o primitive_a force_n stir_v up_o your_o juvenile_a renown_n and_o as_o for_o the_o residue_n let_v your_o enemy_n fear_v you_o etc._n etc._n which_o according_a to_o his_o father_n heroical_a encouragement_n he_o fortunate_o enterprise_v for_o as_o the_o comedian_n to_o that_o purpose_n ut_fw-la cuique_fw-la filium_fw-la suum_fw-la vult_fw-la esse_fw-la terent._n terent._n ita_fw-la est_fw-la and_o not_o long_o after_o sundry_a battle_n be_v fight_v between_o the_o say_v edward_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n with_o leolan_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o welsh_a blood_n and_o david_n his_o brother_n until_o both_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o his_o say_a brother_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o say_v edward_n after_o he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n who_o thereby_o first_o make_v a_o conquest_n of_o wales_n and_o afterward_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o territory_n of_o wales_n be_v thus_o unite_v the_o say_a king_n edward_n use_v mean_n to_o obtain_v the_o people_n good_a will_n thereby_o to_o strengthen_v that_o which_o he_o have_v get_v by_o effusion_n of_o blood_n with_o the_o good_a will_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n who_o promise_v their_o most_o hearty_a and_o humble_a obedience_n if_o it_o will_v please_v the_o king_n to_o remain_v among_o they_o himself_o in_o person_n or_o else_o to_o appoint_v over_o they_o a_o governor_n that_o be_v of_o their_o own_o nation_n and_o country_n whereupon_o the_o cunning_a king_n project_v a_o pretty_a policy_n and_o send_v his_o queen_n be_v then_o great_a with_o child_n into_o wales_n where_o she_o be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carnarvan_n the_o king_n thereupon_o send_v for_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n and_o remember_v they_o of_o their_o submiss_a assurance_n tender_v according_a to_o their_o former_a proffer_n if_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o who_o can_v not_o speak_v one_o word_n of_o english_a who_o life_n and_o conversation_n no_o man_n be_v able_a to_o stain_v or_o blemish_n and_o require_v their_o offer_a obedience_n whereunto_o they_o yield_v the_o king_n present_v unto_o they_o his_o say_a son_n bear_v at_o carnarvan_n castle_n who_o thereupon_o the_o baron_n unanimous_o embrace_v for_o their_o prince_n and_o afterward_o make_v their_o homage_n to_o he_o at_o crester_n anno._n 29._o edw._n 1._o as_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o though_o the_o welsh_a nation_n do_v not_o willing_o acknowledge_v the_o aforesaid_a conquest_n but_o refer_v it_o rather_o to_o this_o composition_n yet_o as_o sir_n john_n davis_n say_v edward_n the_o first_o make_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n b._n davys_n vep_v fol._n 41._o b._n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o his_o charter_n or_o statute_n of_o rutland_n where_o it_o be_v say_v divina_fw-la providentia_fw-la terram_fw-la walliae_fw-la cum_fw-la incolis_fw-la suis_fw-la prius_fw-la nobis_fw-la jure_fw-la feodali_fw-la subjectam_fw-la in_fw-la proprietatis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la dominium_fw-la convertit_fw-la &_o coronae_fw-la regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la annexit_fw-la and_o thereupon_o according_a to_o the_o course_n and_o power_n of_o conqueror_n as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v he_o change_v their_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v also_o express_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n or_o statute_n for_o as_o to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n he_o say_v quasdam_fw-la illarum_fw-la de_fw-la concilio_fw-la procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la delevimus_fw-la quasdam_fw-la correximus_fw-la etiam_fw-la quasdam_fw-la alius_fw-la adjiciendas_fw-la &_o faciend_n as_o decrevimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o of_o they_o by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o peer_n of_o our_o realm_n have_v we_o expunge_v some_o have_v we_o correct_v and_o also_o some_o have_v we_o determine_v to_o be_v make_v and_o add_v and_o as_o another_o say_v divide_v some_o part_n thereof_o into_o shire_n and_o appoint_v law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o that_o people_n yet_o though_o the_o king_n have_v gain_v the_o property_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o basso_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o his_o will_n yet_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o do_v admit_v all_o those_o who_o will_v be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n which_o he_o have_v establish_v among_o they_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n to_o have_v frank_n tenement_n and_o inheritance_n in_o their_o land_n for_o there_o he_o prescribe_v a_o form_n of_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr assize_n de_fw-fr novel_a disseisin_n de_fw-fr mort_fw-fr dauncaster_n &_o the_o dower_n to_o be_v bring_v of_o land_n in_o wales_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o when_o they_o want_v a_o writ_n of_o form_n to_o supply_v the_o present_a case_n they_o use_v the_o writ_n quod_fw-la ei_fw-la deforceat_fw-la 2._o e._n 4.12_o a._n thus_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o valour_n and_o wisdom_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o the_o principality_n of_o it_o have_v constant_o since_o appertain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n b._n ployd_v com._n fol._n 126._o b._n as_o ployden_n say_v from_o all_o time_n that_o there_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o wales_n or_o as_o sir_n john_n doderidge_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o the_o next_o succeed_a heir_n for_o henry_n the_o three_o first_o make_v edward_n the_o first_o his_o elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o give_v to_o he_o the_o dominion_n and_o dignity_n of_o it_o and_o also_o edward_n the_o second_o after_o he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n create_v edward_n the_o three_o in_o his_o life_n time_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o lady_n mary_n elder_a danghter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o 39_o doderidge_n principality_n of_o wales_n fol._n 39_o and_o afterward_o queen_n of_o england_n do_v carry_v the_o title_n of_o princess_n of_o wales_n et_fw-la sic_fw-la de_fw-fr similibus_fw-la yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o conquest_n by_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o general_a submission_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v there_o divers_a insurrection_n foment_v by_o they_o against_o the_o former_a establish_a government_n and_o especial_o one_o which_o happen_v in_o his_o reign_n raise_v by_o rice_n up_o meredick_n who_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n upon_o which_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_v meredick_n be_v confiscate_v as_o forfeit_v and_o seize_v by_o the_o say_a king_n 8_o doderidge_n prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 8_o and_o nominal_o give_v by_o his_o successor_n edward_n the_o three_o to_z edward_z the_o black_a prince_n prince_n of_o wales_n for_o his_o better_a maintenance_n and_o honourable_a support_n and_o though_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n they_o assist_v edward_n the_o second_o his_o son_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o scot_n 6._o herbert_n hen._n 6._o and_o get_v victory_n for_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o stand_v firm_a during_o all_o the_o difference_n in_o this_o realm_n to_o his_o grandchild_n richard_n the_o second_o yet_o when_o the_o unfortunate_a and_o fatal_a war_n happen_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n the_o welshman_n fall_v from_o their_o fidelity_n to_o the_o crown_n hope_v upon_o that_o disastrous_a
that_o edward_n the_o first_o contrary_n to_o the_o roman_a garb_n upon_o his_o first_o conquest_n do_v admit_v all_o of_o they_o to_o the_o possession_n and_o inheritance_n of_o their_o land_n and_o good_n which_o will_v be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o do_v forbear_v to_o settle_v a_o militia_n or_o deduce_v colony_n among_o they_o thereby_o to_o restrain_v they_o from_o future_a commotion_n which_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n prudent_o observe_v be_v induce_v to_o put_v in_o practice_v the_o old_a roman_a rule_n parcere_fw-la subjeciis_fw-la &_o debellare_fw-la superbos_fw-la and_o ordain_v that_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v in_o actual_a rebellion_n in_o the_o say_a insurrection_n and_o all_o other_o person_n that_o have_v willing_o by_o council_n or_o force_n assist_v the_o same_o or_o contribute_v any_o money_n horse_n or_o arm_n ammunition_n or_o other_o aid_n or_o assistance_n thereof_o be_v adjudge_v delinquent_n and_o that_o their_o estate_n be_v sequester_v and_o that_o the_o commissioner_n name_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o say_a ordinance_n or_o such_o person_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v do_v seize_v the_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a of_o all_o and_o every_o the_o say_a person_n delinquent_n aforesaid_a and_o also_o to_o make_v sale_n receive_v and_o dispose_v of_o all_o and_o every_o the_o good_n chattel_n debt_n rent_n and_o personal_a estate_n of_o all_o and_o every_o the_o say_v delinquent_n and_o let_v set_v and_o improve_v their_o land_n at_o the_o best_a rate_n they_o can_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o sequestration_n etc._n etc._n and_o on_o some_o of_o their_o jeader_n do_v they_o inflict_v capical_a punishment_n therein_o also_o pursue_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n 11._o grot._n de_fw-fr j._n b._n &_o p._n l._n 9_o c._n 11._o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr captis_fw-la hostium_fw-la civibus_fw-la vindictam_fw-la morte_fw-la sumebant_fw-la who_o do_v take_v revenge_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o be_v take_v by_o death_n for_o which_o constans_n the_o son_n of_o constantine_n be_v commend_v in_o the_o panegyric_n and_o further_o for_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o mutual_a defence_n and_o safety_n of_o each_o other_o do_v they_o settle_v and_o constitute_v the_o militia_n in_o those_o part_n which_o have_v a_o resemblance_n of_o the_o roman_a colony_n and_o at_o this_o present_a be_v there_o military_a garrison_n continue_v in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o wales_n by_o which_o mean_v ever_o since_o that_o country_n have_v be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v in_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n without_o the_o suspicion_n of_o any_o insurrection_n and_o a_o constant_a unity_n settle_v between_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o conquest_n of_o scotland_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o vicinity_n with_o england_n be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v and_o especial_o for_o that_o deadly_a feud_n and_o perpetual_a war_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n rage_v between_o these_o two_o nation_n nam_fw-la rara_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la eos_fw-la pax_fw-la dum_fw-la illi_fw-la propagari_fw-la 7._o hist_o britâ—_n fol._n 7._o hi_o retinere_fw-la imperium_fw-la student_fw-la for_o peace_n be_v rare_a between_o they_o while_o they_o endeavour_v to_o propagate_v their_o empire_n and_o these_o to_o retain_v it_o which_o though_o the_o english_a for_o many_o age_n with_o all_o their_o skill_n and_o force_n have_v contend_v to_o vanquish_v yet_o can_v they_o not_o until_o these_o latter_a time_n accomplish_v so_o difficult_a a_o task_n it_o be_v to_o conquer_v that_o valiant_a nation_n and_o by_o force_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o union_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v eadem_fw-la utrisque_fw-la in_o bellâ—_n ferocia_fw-la and_o as_o a_o other_o gens_n virorum_fw-la fortium_fw-la fuit_fw-la quam_fw-la frugum_fw-la feracior_fw-la it_o be_v a_o country_n more_o abound_v in_o proper_a man_n then_o in_o goodly_a fruit_n a_o fierce_a nation_n indeed_o which_o be_v never_o subjugate_v by_o the_o roman_n as_o tertullian_n who_o live_v in_o the_o second_o age_n according_a to_o the_o christian_a computation_n intimate_v apolog._n apolog._n say_v evangelium_fw-la diffusum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la orbis_fw-la part_n etiam_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la usque_fw-la eamque_fw-la insulae_fw-la partem_fw-la quâ—m_fw-la romanae_fw-la vires_fw-la nunquam_fw-la penetrarunt_fw-la the_o gospel_n be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o into_o britain_n and_o even_o into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o the_o roman_n never_o pierce_v mean_v that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o be_v now_o call_v scotland_n but_o the_o roman_n attempt_v it_o be_v continual_o rebut_v and_o repulse_v by_o they_o and_o in_o fine_a be_v foree_v to_o frame_v wall_n trench_n and_o bulwark_n to_o defend_v their_o province_n from_o their_o terrible_a incursion_n which_o be_v first_o build_v by_o adrian_n as_o aelius_n spartianus_n then_o by_o antoninus_n pius_n as_o julius_n capitolinus_n and_o three_o by_o severus_n thereby_o to_o stop_v the_o furious_a invasion_n of_o the_o scot_n of_o which_o claudian_n do_v mention_v venit_fw-la &_o extremis_fw-la legio_fw-la praetentae_fw-la britannis_fw-la quae_fw-la scoto_n that_fw-mi fraena_fw-la truci_fw-la but_o whereas_o buchanan_n a_o partial_a trumpeter_n of_o his_o country_n praise_n scot._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la scot._n say_v nos_fw-la regnum_fw-la exiguum_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la jam_fw-la bis_fw-la mille_fw-la annos_fw-la ab_fw-la exterarâ—m_fw-la gentium_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenemus_fw-la we_o hold_v our_o kingdom_n a_o little_a one_o indeed_o but_o now_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o thousand_o year_n free_a from_o the_o dominion_n of_o foreign_a nation_n yet_o to_o the_o contrary_n say_v matthew_n of_o westminster_n quod_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la jure_fw-la superioris_fw-la &_o directi_fw-la dominii_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquissimis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la regno_fw-la scotiae_fw-la &_o ipsius_fw-la regibus_fw-la praefuerunt_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la ipsiâ—_n &_o illorum_fw-la prâ—ceribus_fw-la regalia_z homagia_fw-la receperunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatis_fw-la debita_fw-la juramenta_fw-la that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o more_o superior_a &_o direct_a dominion_n from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o pre-eminence_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o their_o king_n and_o have_v receive_v legal_a homage_v from_o they_o and_o their_o noble_n and_o due_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n for_o after_o the_o saxon_n have_v make_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o britan_n and_o reduce_v their_o heptarchy_n into_o a_o monarchy_n change_v its_o name_n into_o england_n scotland_n by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o victorious_a arm_n 3._o hollingshed_n ed._n 3._o be_v compel_v to_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o england_n and_o to_o be_v tributary_n to_o their_o suecee_a king_n for_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o aluredâ—ad_n â—ad_z it_o under_o his_o dominion_n 8._o herb._n hen._n 8._o and_o athelstane_n make_v one_o constantine_n king_n thereof_o eldreck_n take_v homage_n of_o ericus_n and_o edgar_n of_o kinulph_n king_n of_o scot_n malcome_n do_v homage_n to_o knuto_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n give_v the_o kingdom_n to_o malcome_n who_o do_v homage_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o to_o william_n rufus_n and_o edgar_n do_v homage_n to_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o david_n do_v homage_n to_o matilda_n the_o empress_n which_o be_v without_o intermission_n transact_v by_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o england_n ib._n herb._n ib._n even_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o which_o incite_v henry_n the_o eight_o to_o claim_v homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o james_n the_o four_o which_o be_v partly_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o quarrel_n and_o famous_a battle_n between_o he_o and_o the_o king_n so_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a homage_v &_o fealty_n make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v not_o only_o for_o the_o earldom_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o the_o scot_n pretend_v for_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o northumberland_n and_o receive_v the_o investiture_n thereof_o do_v not_o only_o do_v homage_n and_o owe_v fealty_n for_o the_o earldom_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o his_o son_n malcome_n do_v but_o the_o say_v david_n do_v also_o homage_n and_o make_v fealty_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n to_o matilda_n the_o empress_n as_o also_o all_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o scotland_n do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a expression_n but_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n none_o equal_v edward_n the_o first_o and_o none_o as_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n say_v be_v more_o celebrate_v with_o the_o commendation_n of_o war_n and_o wisdom_n and_o especial_o for_o his_o purpose_n and_o enterprise_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o scotland_n bend_v his_o mind_n not_o to_o glorious_a conquest_n abroad_o but_o to_o the_o setlement_n by_o conquest_n of_o a_o solid_a union_n between_o those_o
two_o discordant_a nation_n as_o before_o he_o have_v do_v between_o wales_n and_o england_n for_o which_o his_o heroic_a act_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o virtue_n so_o wrought_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o scot_n that_o great_a contention_n intervening_a between_o they_o concern_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n alexander_z the_o king_n of_o scot_n leave_v no_o heir_n there_o be_v twelve_o competitor_n hollingshed_n hollingshed_n who_o by_o several_a title_n lay_v claim_v unto_o the_o crown_n all_o of_o they_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o that_o royal_a case_n without_o any_o constraint_n and_o of_o their_o own_o good_a will_n as_o in_o the_o reference_n be_v express_v to_o the_o final_a sentence_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o who_o after_o six_o year_n discussion_n adjudge_v the_o case_n on_o balliol_n side_n who_o indeed_o have_v the_o best_a title_n but_o upon_o promise_n to_o subject_v the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o he_o and_o to_o swear_v fealty_n and_o homage_n to_o he_o as_o his_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o thereupon_o be_v balliol_n crown_v king_n of_o scotland_n which_o be_v do_v king_n balliol_n come_v to_o newcastle_n upon_o tyne_n where_o king_n edward_n then_o lay_v and_o there_o with_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n do_v swear_v fealty_n and_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n except_o bruce_n who_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n king_n edward_n thus_o become_v the_o sovereign_a umpire_n and_o supreme_a judge_n of_o scotland_n to_o who_o the_o noble_n as_o the_o king_n himself_o before_o have_v do_v appeal_v for_o justice_n against_o the_o king_n and_o because_o king_n edward_n will_v not_o permit_v king_n balliol_n a_o procurator_n but_o cause_v he_o to_o defend_v his_o cause_n himself_o in_o the_o ordinary_a place_n in_o a_o rage_n at_o his_o return_n he_o defy_v king_n edward_n renounce_v his_o allegiance_n as_o illegal_o make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n hollingshed_n hollingshed_n for_o which_o king_n balliol_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o newcastle_n and_o refuse_v to_o come_v king_n edward_z triumphant_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n invade_v scotland_n barwick_n be_v first_o take_v and_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o dunbar_n roxborrough_n edinborrough_n sterling_n and_o st._n john_n and_o john_n warren_n earl_n of_o sussex_n and_o surrey_n be_v make_v warden_n of_o all_o scotland_n sir_n hugh_n cressingham_n treasurer_n and_o bransly_n chief_a justice_n to_o take_v in_o his_o name_n the_o homage_v and_o fealty_n of_o all_o such_o at_o hold_v land_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o be_v general_a guardian_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o notwithstanding_o balliol_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n of_o scotland_n do_v tender_v his_o submission_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_v fealty_n unto_o king_n edward_n as_o his_o sovereign_a lord_n yet_o be_v he_o for_o his_o former_a infidelity_n secure_v and_o send_v into_o england_n but_o not_o long_o after_o though_o the_o scot_n be_v without_o a_o head_n their_o king_n be_v in_o england_n and_o all_o their_o great_a man_n in_o captivity_n and_o subjection_n yet_o they_o want_v not_o a_o heart_n to_o shake_v off_o servitude_n and_o animate_v by_o one_o william_n wallis_n a_o poor_a private_a gentleman_n though_o noble_o descend_v make_v a_o audacious_a and_o dangerous_a attempt_n who_o with_o a_o forlorn_a and_o desperate_a rabble_n like_o himself_o fall_v sudden_o on_o the_o english_a officer_n and_o slay_v sir_n hugh_n cressingham_n with_o six_o thousand_o english_a recover_v many_o castle_n and_o regain_v the_o town_n of_o barwick_n and_o second_v by_o success_n so_o increase_v by_o range_v and_o roll_a up_o and_o down_o many_o of_o the_o noble_a sort_n resort_v to_o he_o that_o within_o a_o short_a space_n his_o force_n amount_v to_o a_o copious_a and_o warlike_a army_n and_o be_v in_o a_o propinque_fw-la possibility_n to_o have_v free_v his_o country_n from_o subjection_n if_o the_o speedy_a succour_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v not_o anticipate_v he_o who_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o york_n and_o make_v that_o city_n his_o imperial_a seat_n as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n heretofore_o do_v that_o with_o the_o more_o convenience_n he_o may_v quell_v the_o insult_a scot_n there_o raise_v a_o exquisite_a and_o choice_a army_n and_o with_o three_o thousand_o man_n of_o arm_n on_o barded_a horse_n and_o four_o thousand_o other_o arm_v on_o horse_n without_o bard_n and_o with_o a_o army_n of_o foot_n answerable_a he_o encounter_v the_o confident_a army_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o on_o the_o onset_n make_v such_o terrible_a shout_n that_o king_n edward_n horse_n fright_v therewith_o cast_v he_o off_o and_o break_v two_o of_o his_o rib_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o get_v up_o again_o go_v on_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n in_o which_o battle_n sexaginta_fw-la scotorum_fw-la millia_fw-la occisa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la threescore_o thousand_o scot_n be_v slay_v as_o william_n of_o westminster_n number_n they_o among_o which_o there_o be_v two_o hundred_o knight_n whereupon_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v at_o st._n andrews_n most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o that_o kingdom_n except_o wallis_n who_o have_v escape_v by_o flight_n prostrate_v their_o homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o king_n edward_n as_o their_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n of_o which_o william_n of_o westminster_n give_v this_o character_n arma_fw-la parant_fw-la scotus_n regno_fw-la dolet_fw-la esse_fw-la remotus_fw-la and_o king_n edward_n the_o better_a to_o keep_v some_o in_o subjection_n and_o deter_v other_o from_o insurrection_n do_v confer_v most_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o scotland_o with_o their_o title_n that_o stand_v out_o on_o the_o english_a as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o virtue_n 3._o hollingshed_n ed._n 3._o and_o now_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o scotland_n be_v quite_o conquer_v and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n they_o have_v no_o king_n nor_o heir_n in_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o as_o cambden_n say_v est_fw-la natio_fw-la servitutis_fw-la impatientissimae_fw-la brit._n cambd._n brit._n it_o be_v a_o nation_n impatient_a of_o servitude_n and_o a_o breeder_n of_o stubborn_a and_o refractory_a spirit_n which_o to_o their_o power_n will_v not_o stoop_v to_o the_o english_a yoke_n for_o though_o they_o be_v twice_o overthrow_v by_o king_n edward_n and_o thrice_o swear_v fealty_n unto_o he_o yet_o do_v they_o as_o many_o time_n falsify_v their_o faith_n which_o in_o military_a affair_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v maintain_v postremum_fw-la est_fw-la primumque_fw-la tâ—eri_fw-la inter_fw-la bella_fw-la fidem_fw-la and_o now_o again_o go_v about_o to_o contrive_v new_a commotion_n rejectiâ—â—_n balliol_n their_o natural_a king_n for_o thâ—_n he_o receive_v the_o crown_n upon_o condition_n to_o subject_v the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n fâ—â—_n which_o they_o recall_v their_o allegiance_n that_o they_o have_v give_v to_o he_o and_o receive_v robert_n bruce_n come_v of_o thâ—_n second_o branch_n for_o their_o king_n because_o as_o one_o of_o their_o own_o writer_n say_v he_o have_v base_o condescend_v to_o enslave_v that_o nation_n to_o who_o their_o liberty_n have_v always_o be_v 〈◊〉_d dear_a scotland_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o church_n of_o scotland_n that_o they_o have_v willing_o and_o cheerful_o undergo_v all_o hazard_n of_o life_n and_o mean_n which_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v suffer_v they_o have_v nothing_o lefâ—_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v call_v menâ—_n and_o consequent_o arm_v with_o this_o resolution_n under_o their_o new_a head_n and_o king_n force_v all_o the_o warden_n of_o scotland_n to_o retire_v to_o barwick_n whereof_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n hear_v he_o send_v the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o the_o lord_n clifford_n with_o a_o strong_a power_n to_o relieve_v the_o warden_n of_o scotland_n whilst_o he_o prepare_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o sollow_v make_v a_o vow_n that_o either_o alive_a or_o dead_a he_o will_v pour_v vengeâ—ince_n on_o the_o perfidious_a scot_n in_o which_o expedition_n that_o magnaninous_a king_n fall_v into_o a_o sickness_n at_o carlisle_n adjure_v his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o noble_n about_o he_o upon_o their_o fealty_n that_o if_o he_o die_v in_o this_o journey_n they_o shall_v carry_v his_o corpse_n with_o they_o about_o scotland_n and_o not_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v inter_v until_o they_o have_v final_o conquer_v the_o scot_n as_o matthew_n of_o malmesbury_n jussit_fw-la corpus_fw-la suumâ—ibi_fw-la temavere_fw-la insepultum_fw-la dum_fw-la tota_fw-la scotia_n esset_fw-la finaliter_fw-la acquisita_fw-la a_o heroic_a resolution_n worthy_a the_o spirit_n of_o a_o conqueror_n but_o he_o that_o never_o stoop_v to_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o fate_n and_o he_o that_o be_v always_o victorious_a be_v overcome_v by_o death_n quae_fw-la sola_fw-la ultricibus_fw-la armis_fw-la elatâ—s_fw-la
no_o other_o way_n to_o make_v his_o victory_n permanent_a but_o by_o his_o valour_n but_o after_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n have_v bring_v under_o his_o yoke_n and_o subjection_n the_o utmost_a part_n of_o this_o island_n and_o by_o his_o continual_a victory_n tame_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o formidable_a enemy_n he_o like_v a_o roman_a victor_n with_o all_o diligence_n labour_v by_o imposition_n of_o law_n to_o reduce_v the_o english_a and_o the_o norman_n into_o a_o peaceable_a and_o sociable_a union_n and_o according_o propound_v to_o himself_o a_o exact_a survey_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a law_n as_o the_o old_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n which_o where_o compound_v of_o the_o british_a custom_n and_o their_o own_o which_o mention_n the_o danish_a law_n danellage_n the_o mercian_n law_n mercemlage_n and_o the_o west_n saxon_n westsaxonlage_n all_o these_o be_v consider_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n compare_v they_o with_o the_o law_n â—_o norway_n ibid._n ibid._n which_o he_o most_o affect_a as_o mr._n selden_n suppose_v because_o by_o they_o a_o bastard_n of_o a_o concubine_n â—â—_o himself_o be_v have_v equal_a inheritance_n with_o the_o most_o legitimate_a son_n as_o gerâ—â—se_n of_o tilburyâ—_n in_o this_o dialogue_n de_fw-fr seaccario_n say_v quasdam_fw-la reprobarit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la addidit_fw-la some_o he_o reject_v and_o some_o he_o approve_v to_o they_o he_o add_v the_o foreign_a norway_n law_n which_o seem_v most_o efficacious_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o such_o law_n as_o he_o in_o write_v allow_v though_o by_o roger_n hovendon_n and_o jugulphus_n they_o be_v call_v leges_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la yet_o by_o matthew_n paris_n be_v they_o proper_o call_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la antiquae_fw-la regui_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o good_a and_o approve_a ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o denomination_n from_o the_o great_a part_n and_o sometime_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o king_n william_n for_o clear_o diverse_a norman_a custom_n be_v in_o practice_n first_o mix_v with_o they_o and_o to_o these_o time_n continue_v as_o mr._n selden_n assert_v as_o that_o of_o coverfeu_n which_o be_v constitute_v to_o prevent_v conspiracy_n combination_n and_o robbery_n which_o be_v then_o very_o frequent_a and_o common_o contrive_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o night_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o all_o town_n and_o village_n a_o bell_n shall_v be_v ring_v at_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n and_o that_o in_o every_o house_n they_o shall_v then_o put_v out_o their_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o bell_n be_v therefore_o call_v coverfeu_n and_o then_o to_o go_v to_o bed_n which_o among_o many_o other_o be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n much_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n by_o which_o so_o great_a a_o peace_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o by_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n he_o be_v style_v the_o author_n of_o peace_n who_o word_n be_v these_o pacis_fw-la author_n tantus_fw-la quod_fw-la pvella_fw-la auro_fw-la onusta_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la transire_fw-la possit_fw-la impune_fw-la he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o author_n of_o peace_n that_o a_o virgin_n lade_v with_o gold_n may_v without_o danger_n pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o see_v his_o people_n to_o be_v part_n norman_n 31._o bacon_n use_n of_o the_o law_n fol._n 31._o and_o part_n saxon_n the_o norman_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o the_o saxon_n he_o find_v here_o he_o bend_v himself_o to_o conjoin_v they_o by_o marriage_n in_o amity_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n ordain_v that_o if_o those_o of_o his_o noble_n knight_n and_o gentleman_n shall_v die_v leave_v their_o heir_n within_o age_n a_o male_a within_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o a_o female_a within_o fourteen_o year_n and_o unmarried_a than_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o bestow_n of_o such_o in_o such_o a_o family_n and_o to_o such_o person_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v meet_a which_o be_v common_o to_o his_o norman_n which_o interest_n of_o marriage_n go_v still_o employ_v and_o do_v continue_v at_o this_o day_n in_o every_o tenure_n be_v call_v knight_n service_n then_o he_o also_o command_v all_o his_o law_n to_o be_v write_v in_o french_a and_o all_o cause_n and_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o be_v prosecute_v plead_v and_o dispatch_v in_o the_o french_a language_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v in_o latin_a that_o the_o english_a thereby_o may_v be_v invite_v to_o addict_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o language_n that_o whereas_o they_o be_v make_v by_o law_n as_o it_o be_v one_o people_n so_o by_o this_o constitution_n they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v of_o one_o language_n in_o this_o manner_n through_o the_o prowess_n and_o prudence_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n be_v the_o english_a and_o the_o norman_n so_o entire_o unite_v that_o they_o seem_v one_o nation_n and_o one_o people_n without_o any_o difference_n or_o distinction_n of_o respect_n and_o honour_n as_o dido_n promise_v the_o trojan_n tros_n tyriusque_fw-la mihi_fw-la nullo_n discrimine_fw-la agetur_fw-la which_o may_v more_o effectual_o be_v apply_v to_o he_o for_o he_o and_o his_o progeny_n reign_v over_o they_o so_o unite_v for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n the_o next_o border_v principality_n to_o england_n be_v wales_n and_o therefore_o first_o in_o order_n by_o the_o english_a to_o be_v conquer_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a example_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a nation_n bellicosissima_fw-la gens_fw-la as_o cambden_n and_o indeed_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o ancient_a britan_n who_o because_o they_o will_v not_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o saxous_a as_o the_o other_o english_a do_v be_v force_v by_o their_o arm_n to_o retreat_v into_o the_o western_a region_n of_o that_o island_n for_o refuge_n surround_v with_o the_o muniment_n of_o nature_n as_o mountain_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o ancient_o be_v call_v cambria_n as_o the_o people_n at_o this_o present_a cambro-britauni_a in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o saxon_n be_v unable_a by_o their_o force_n to_o make_v way_n unto_o they_o and_o to_o overcome_v they_o and_o though_o by_o some_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n a_o ditch_n of_o a_o wonderful_a work_n be_v frame_v which_o be_v call_v king_n offa_n his_o ditch_n by_o which_o they_o divide_v that_o country_n from_o england_n and_o call_v they_o walshmen_n that_o be_v to_o say_v unto_o they_o stranger_n yet_o do_v they_o continual_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n spoil_n and_o depopulate_v their_o field_n and_o city_n and_o when_o the_o heptarchy_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v devolve_v into_o a_o monarchy_n can_v they_o only_o by_o athelstane_n that_o victorious_a king_n be_v make_v tributary_n nay_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o terror_n of_o his_o time_n cujus_fw-la nomen_fw-la as_o william_n of_o westminster_n exterae_fw-la &_o remotae_fw-la gentes_fw-la timebant_fw-la who_o ruin_n and_o downfall_n the_o welsh_a also_o conspire_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o say_v william_n say_v though_o he_o raise_v a_o copious_a army_n against_o the_o welsh_a with_o a_o intention_n to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o sword_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o english_a yet_o do_v he_o meâ—â—_n with_o such_o martial_a resistance_n that_o he_o be_v content_a to_o accept_v of_o their_o homage_n with_o faithful_a hostage_n to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n though_o after_o upon_o their_o restless_a commotion_n he_o place_v divers_a of_o his_o norman_a nobility_n upon_o the_o confine_n towards_o wales_n and_o give_v a_o power_n unto_o the_o person_n thus_o place_v to_o make_v such_o conquest_n on_o the_o welsh_a as_o they_o by_o their_o own_o strength_n can_v accomplish_v whereby_o divers_a of_o those_o part_n be_v win_v by_o the_o sword_n from_o the_o welshman_n which_o be_v plant_v with_o english_a colony_n and_o call_v baron_n march_n which_o though_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n second_v yet_o be_v it_o a_o great_a glory_n for_o he_o only_o to_o conquer_v the_o shire_n of_o pembroke_n which_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a shire_n of_o wales_n so_o as_o this_o parcel_n of_o this_o island_n call_v wales_n be_v no_o parcel_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o same_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o realm_n of_o itself_o not_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n 192._o ployd_a com._n 192._o as_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n do_v testify_v yet_o nevertheless_o afterward_o be_v the_o same_o dominion_n of_o wales_n hold_v in_o chief_a and_o in_o fee_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o prince_n thereof_o be_v then_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v compellable_n upon_o summons_n to_o appear_v in_o