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england_n high_a lord_n treasurer_n 4,230 5 10.7514 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A69897 An essay upon the probable methods of making a people gainers in the ballance of trade ... by the author of The essay on ways and means. Davenant, Charles, 1656-1714. 1699 (1699) Wing D309; ESTC R5221 132,769 338

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derelict_n et_fw-la primi_fw-la occupantis_fw-la we_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o have_v be_v so_o order_v in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a too_o be_v poor_a at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o instant_a their_o minister_n have_v not_o suffer_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v consume_v by_o usurious_a contract_n with_o the_o common_a lender_n and_o by_o their_o care_n and_o wisdom_n they_o have_v obtain_v such_o credit_n even_o under_o a_o despotic_a power_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v force_v all_o along_o to_o pay_v above_o 7_o per_fw-la cent._n interest_n for_o money_n lend_v the_o king_n whereas_o 40_o per_fw-la cent._n have_v be_v pay_v for_o mighty_a sum_n in_o one_o free_a government_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v evident_a enough_o that_o this_o devour_a monster_n war_n be_v to_o be_v feed_v where_o the_o man_n of_o business_n be_v honest_a foresee_v and_o frugal_a for_o the_o state_n mix_v government_n 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the_o public_a that_o tax_n make_v money_n circulate_v that_o it_o import_v not_o what_o a_o pay_v when_o b_o be_v to_o receive_v it_o but_o we_o hope_v to_o show_v that_o they_o who_o argue_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v we_o have_v former_o touch_v upon_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o discourse_n on_o the_o revenue_n 198._o and_o trade_n of_o england_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n but_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o present_a argument_n compel_v we_o here_o to_o handle_v this_o point_n something_o more_o at_o large_a all_o nation_n have_v a_o certain_a annual_a income_n upon_o which_o the_o people_n live_v and_o subsist_v out_o of_o which_o tax_n of_o all_o kind_n arise_v which_o income_n we_o take_v to_o be_v since_o the_o war_n in_o england_n 43,000,000_o l._n per_fw-la an._n in_o france_n 81,000,000_o l._n per_fw-la an._n in_o holland_n 18,250,000_o l._n per_fw-la an._n and_o we_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o repeat_v in_o this_o place_n something_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o those_o tract_n 195._o that_o to_o nourish_v the_o mass_n of_o mankind_n as_o to_o their_o annual_a expense_n in_o the_o way_n and_o form_n of_o live_v practise_v in_o each_o of_o the_o three_o country_n such_o a_o innual_a income_n be_v necessary_a as_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n scheme_n by_o annual_a income_n we_o mean_v the_o whole_a that_o arise_v in_o any_o country_n from_o land_n and_o its_o product_n from_o foreign_a trade_n and_o domestic_a business_n as_o art_n manufacture_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o annual_a expense_n we_o understand_v what_o be_v of_o necessity_n consume_v to_o cloth_n and_o feed_v the_o people_n or_o what_o be_v requisite_a for_o their_o defence_n in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o for_o their_o ornament_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o where_o the_o annual_a income_n exceed_v the_o expense_n there_o be_v a_o superlucration_n arise_v which_o may_v be_v call_v wealth_n or_o national_a stock_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o government_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o annual_a income_n as_o likewise_o a_o part_n of_o its_o expense_n and_o where_o it_o bear_v too_o large_a a_o proportion_n with_o the_o whole_a as_o in_o france_n the_o common_a people_n must_v be_v miserable_a and_o burden_v with_o heavy_a tax_n that_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n revenue_n that_o nourish_v his_o own_o person_n be_v very_o little_a but_o in_o great_a monarchy_n where_o numerous_a army_n large_a fleet_n and_o pompous_a court_n be_v maintain_v there_o the_o expense_n swell_v high_a insomuch_o that_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o govern_v part_n viz._n the_o prince_n his_o officer_n of_o state_n military_a power_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v not_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n above_o one_o 26_o of_o the_o whole_a there_o be_v require_v near_o the_o nine_o penny_n of_o the_o annual_a income_n and_o in_o such_o country_n the_o govern_v part_n be_v rich_a or_o at_o their_o ease_n but_o the_o other_o 25_o part_n who_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n must_v be_v oppress_v with_o tax_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o french_a dominion_n and_o this_o hold_v more_o strong_o where_o the_o public_a debt_n make_v the_o payment_n of_o a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o annual_a income_n necessary_a which_o for_o some_o time_n be_v like_a to_o be_v the_o case_n of_o france_n to_o explain_v these_o assertion_n shall_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o section_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o much_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n may_v be_v affect_v by_o our_o payment_n to_o the_o public_a we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o the_o last_o section_n that_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o country_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n proceed_v from_o a_o right_a administration_n of_o its_o affair_n however_o it_o may_v happen_v sometime_o to_o increase_v in_o riches_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o main_a ill_o administer_v as_o england_n do_v to_o the_o year_n 1688_o in_o the_o two_o reign_n that_o precede_v this_o but_o whoever_o look_v careful_o into_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o we_o grow_v so_o fast_o in_o wealth_n during_o those_o eight_o and_o twenty_o year_n will_v find_v it_o be_v because_o we_o pay_v all_o that_o time_n but_o small_a tax_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o government_n comparative_o with_o other_o nation_n for_o in_o 1688._o our_o gross_a payment_n to_o the_o public_a in_o which_o charge_n of_o management_n be_v include_v do_v not_o exceed_v 2,300,000_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o little_a above_o one_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o then_o 44,000,000_o an._n inc._n but_o our_o case_n be_v very_o much_o alter_v now_o and_o since_o that_o year_n a_o great_a many_o new_a revenue_n have_v be_v erect_v we_o still_o pay_v the_o old_a excise_n the_o custom_n and_o post-mony_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v lay_v additional_a duty_n upon_o beer_n ale_n and_o other_o liquid_n additional_a custom_n the_o continue_a act_n and_o joint_a stock_n duty_n on_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n double_a duty_n on_o stamp_v paper_n duty_n on_o hackney_n coach_n on_o malt._n the_o double_a tonnage_n the_o former_a and_o last_o duty_n upon_o salt_n the_o duty_n on_o window_n upon_o leather_n paper_n and_o coal_n the_o old_a and_o new_a imposition_n of_o all_o kind_n reckon_v together_o and_o including_z the_o new_a poll_n and_o the_o 3_o shilling_n aid_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o people_n about_o 5,500,000_o last_o year_n which_o be_v above_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o our_o present_n 43,000,000_o an._n inc._n during_o all_o the_o war_n there_o have_v be_v levy_v here_o great_a sum_v every_o year_n and_o many_o of_o the_o forementioned_a fond_n be_v to_o continue_v so_o long_o that_o it_o will_v be_v several_a year_n before_o our_o annual_a payment_n can_v be_v considerable_o diminish_v and_o there_o be_v such_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o twenty_o and_o a_o eight_o or_o indeed_o a_o ten_o or_o a_o twelve_o part_n which_o yet_o we_o shall_v 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trader_n and_o maintain_v he_o in_o sufficient_a business_n but_o of_o all_o the_o new_a imposition_n none_o be_v so_o dangerous_a to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o trade_n nor_o so_o hurtful_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o member_n as_o the_o high_a duty_n late_o lay_v upon_o salt_n first_o they_o affect_v the_o common_a people_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o live_n who_o chief_a nourishment_n be_v bacon_n and_o other_o salt_v flesh_n so_o that_o this_o excise_n have_v a_o universal_a influence_n upon_o all_o our_o manufacture_n whatsoever_o but_o scheme_n h._n a_o scheme_n of_o the_o naval_a trade_n of_o england_n and_o the_o national_a profit_n arise_v thereby_o calculate_v for_o the_o year_n 1688._o export_v value_n here_o value_v abroad_o value_v upon_o the_o balance_n gain_n by_o freight_n etc._n etc._n l._n l._n  _fw-fr l._n  _fw-fr l._n by_o ourselves_o 3,310,000_o 4,120,000_o value_n abroad_o 4,120,000_o to_o ourselves_o 810,000_o by_o foreigner_n 1,000,000_o 1,250,000_o 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be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o proportion_n to_o our_o own_o as_o one_o to_o two_o three_o fourth_n and_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o tonnage_n of_o ship_n our_o own_o navigation_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v at_o that_o time_n two_o three_o and_o the_o foreign_a navigation_n one_o three_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a scheme_n vide_fw-la scheme_n h._n from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v  _fw-fr l._n that_o our_o gain_n upon_o the_o balance_n by_o our_o own_o ship_n be_v 1,250,000_o and_o our_o loss_n upon_o the_o balance_n by_o foreign_a ship_n being_n 0,550,000_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n or_o adequate_a treasure_n by_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n in_o general_n may_v be_v anno_fw-la 1688._o 700,000_o and_o that_o the_o advantage_n to_o foreigner_n trade_n to_o england_n in_o their_o own_o ship_n may_v be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o general_n thus_o  _fw-fr l._n by_o freight_n or_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n export_v by_o they_o above_o the_o value_n here_o 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in_o the_o act_n for_o declare_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a some_o provision_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v against_o thta_n evil_a for_o the_o future_a several_a minister_n who_o betray_v their_o king_n and_o country_n have_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o with_o impunity_n by_o keep_v parliament_n quite_o off_o but_o more_o have_v find_v a_o shelter_n for_o their_o crime_n in_o house_n which_o they_o have_v long_o hold_v together_o and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v have_v the_o handle_n for_o many_o a_o session_n can_v man_n pretend_v to_o be_v patriot_n and_o not_o take_v care_n of_o secure_v that_o post_n can_v our_o freedom_n be_v any_o way_n certain_o lose_v but_o by_o lay_v aside_o the_o use_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v design_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o by_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o sit_v till_o a_o majority_n of_o member_n shall_v be_v under_o engagement_n with_o the_o court_n as_o have_v almost_o happen_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v we_o not_o both_o time_n upon_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o ruin_n and_o in_o hazard_n of_o be_v no_o more_o a_o free_a people_n do_v it_o not_o therefore_o import_v that_o party_n which_o have_v heretofore_o make_v such_o high_a profession_n for_o liberty_n to_o provide_v that_o england_n may_v be_v no_o more_o threaten_v with_o the_o same_o danger_n shall_v not_o this_o have_v be_v a_o main_a article_n in_o our_o contract_n with_o their_o majesty_n upon_o their_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n who_o ready_o consent_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v make_v we_o safe_a and_o happy_a the_o king_n have_v promise_v in_o his_o declaration_n to_o do_v all_o thing_n which_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n shall_v find_v necessary_a for_o the_o peace_n honour_n and_o
and_o design_v man_n may_v desire_v to_o embroyl_n their_o master_n affair_n only_o to_o make_v he_o more_o dependant_a upon_o their_o art_n hereafter_o man_n of_o arbitrary_a principle_n may_v design_o neglect_v the_o concern_v and_o care_n of_o foreign_a traffic_n with_o a_o purpose_n to_o impoverish_v and_o so_o to_o enslave_v the_o people_n in_o the_o next_o age_n likewise_o design_v minister_n may_v take_v advantage_n of_o the_o martial_a temper_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o instead_o of_o reign_v in_o his_o high_a courage_n with_o grave_a council_n they_o may_v disguise_v from_o he_o the_o true_a state_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o push_v he_o on_o to_o a_o new_a war_n without_o make_v right_a provision_n or_o without_o such_o previous_a league_n as_o may_v make_v it_o tolerable_a in_o the_o progress_n or_o happy_a in_o the_o conclusion_n and_o perhaps_o they_o may_v desire_v the_o semblance_n of_o a_o war_n only_o to_o have_v a_o pretence_n for_o a_o stand_a army_n for_o the_o benefit_n therefore_o of_o future_a time_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o show_v by_o what_o step_v those_o vice_n and_o immorality_n that_o affect_v the_o public_a first_o creep_v into_o a_o country_n and_o what_o progress_n they_o come_v afterward_o to_o make_v and_o to_o show_v what_o sort_n of_o man_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o council_n entangle_v a_o prince_n affair_n but_o though_o this_o paper_n be_v direct_v to_o posterity_n and_o though_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o caution_n to_o future_a time_n yet_o probable_o it_o may_v offend_v some_o person_n who_o be_v tender_a in_o these_o matter_n however_o we_o shall_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o if_o this_o nation_n shall_v ever_o be_v under_o any_o great_a disorder_n the_o true_a course_n to_o mend_v it_o will_v be_v to_o plant_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n morality_n and_o the_o shame_n of_o do_v ill_o to_o their_o country_n and_o we_o shall_v presume_v to_o assert_v that_o observe_v the_o rule_n and_o dictate_v of_o virtue_n do_v not_o only_o lead_v to_o heaven_n and_o a_o bless_a state_n hereafter_o but_o be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o secure_v to_o a_o people_n in_o general_n prosperity_n peace_n safety_n power_n and_o happiness_n in_o this_o present_a world_n to_o trace_v those_o man_n who_o may_v design_n to_o change_v this_o constitution_n in_o all_o their_o dark_a and_o crooked_a way_n and_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o all_o their_o maze_n will_v be_v difficult_a however_o we_o shall_v do_v our_o best_a to_o describe_v the_o person_n and_o to_o show_v their_o council_n that_o they_o may_v be_v narrow_o watch_v by_o all_o such_o as_o love_v their_o country_n but_o to_o do_v this_o we_o must_v take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o thing_n past_a and_o a_o little_a consider_v the_o posture_n of_o affair_n at_o the_o restoration_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o and_o how_o they_o stand_v during_o his_o reign_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n when_o that_o prince_n be_v recall_v from_o exile_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n who_o have_v be_v tire_v with_o the_o many_o change_n in_o government_n that_o happen_v from_o cromwell_n death_n to_o the_o year_n 1660_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a but_o that_o we_o shall_v run_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o extreme_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o fear_v that_o man_n shall_v ready_o embrace_v servitude_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o liberty_n upon_o which_o account_n many_o have_v wonder_v why_o our_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n alter_v and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v we_o do_v not_o then_o embrace_v absolute_a monarchy_n but_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o king_n charles_n be_v a_o young_a prince_n more_o incline_v to_o taste_v the_o pleasure_n of_o power_n than_o willing_a to_o feel_v its_o weight_n he_o have_v undergo_v many_o trouble_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o recompense_v with_o great_a ease_n and_o 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