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A14293 The golden-groue moralized in three bookes: a worke very necessary for all such, as would know how to gouerne themselues, their houses, or their countrey. Made by W. Vaughan, Master of Artes, and student in the ciuill law, Vaughan, William, 1577-1641. 1600 (1600) STC 24610; ESTC S111527 151,476 422

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the Scots In the yeere 1544. chaūced foure Eclipses one of the sunne and three of the Moone Wherupō the L. high Admiral of England arriued with a fleet of two hūdred saile in Scotland where he spoiled Lieth and burned Edinburgh King Henry the eight went himselfe in person to Fraunce wiith a great army cōquered Boloigne The Marques of Brandeburge died in his banishmēt And before three yeeres after the fight of the said Eclipses were fully expired king Henry the eight deceased Likewise the French kings sonne the Duke of Bauarie the Queene of Polonia the Queene of Spaine the Archbishop of Mogunce Martine Luther ended their liues In the yeere 1557. a blazing starre was seene at al times of the night to wit the sixt the seuenth eight ninth and tenth of March when presently after open war was proclaimed between England and Fraunce and a great army was sent by Q. Mary ouer to S. Quintaines The Protestants were persecuted and cruelly dealt withall in this Realme And Queene Mary before a tweluemoneth came about departed out of this life In the yeere 1572. was seene towards the North a straunge starre in bignesse surpassing Iupiter and seated aboue the moone At which time succeeded the bloudy massacre and persecution of the Protestants in Fraunce Many great personages ended their liues as King Charles the ninth of Fraunce Mathew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury and sundry other Pirats robbed and spoyled many of our marchants on the West seas The sect of the family of loue begā to be discouered at London Sebastian the king of Portingal and Mule the king of Moroco were both slaine within lesse then sixe yeeres after In the yeere 1581. appeared a Comet bearding Eastward Whereupon a little while after certaine cōpanies of Italians Spaniards sent by the Pope to strengthen the Earle of Desmond in his rebelliō landed on the west coast of Ireland and there erected their Antichrists banner against her Maiesty Campian and other Seminary priests returned to this Realme and were attached In the yeere 1583. appeared another Comet the bush wherof streamed southeast But the effects thereof followed in the death of Edmund Grindal Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Earle of Sussex and in the apprehending of Arden Someruile and other traitours in Warwickshire Also within a while ensued a great dearth here in England In the yere 1596. appeared a Comet northward At which time Hēry Carew L. Hunsdon L. Chamberlaine of her Maiesties houshold and Sir Frauncis Knowles ended their liues Robert Earle of Essex and Charles L. high Admiral of England Generalles of the English fleet burned the Spanish nauy sacked the towne of Cales Moreouer there continued here in England a great dearth of corne with straunge inundations of waters Graue Maurice got a famous victory ouer the Spaniards in the low countreyes Alphonsus Duke of Ferraria departed out of this life The Pope and the Bastard of Ferraia had diuers bickerings about the Dukedome Finally before the yeere went about died Gunilla the Queene mother of Swethland and Gustaue Duke of Saxony her Nephew Likewise Iohn Marquesse of Brādeburge one of the Electours Anne Queene of Polonia daughter to Charles Archduke of Austria being great with child ended their liues In the beginning of the yeere 1598. was seene a most fearfull Eclipse of the sunne in the seuenteenth degree of Piscis neere to the Dragons head the like whereof was seldome heard off at any time before for the sunne was darkened full eleuen poynts which very neere is the whole compasse of his body The effects of it are these following Sigismund Prince of Transyluania not finding his power sufficient to encounter the Turks voluntarily resigned his dominion to the Emperour Rodolph the second The King of Swethland returning into his Realme from Polonia had diuers conflicts and skirmishes with his subiects William Lord high Treasurer of England deceased And so did king Philip the second of Spaine albeit after a more strange maner For it is credibly enformed that this tyrant was eaten vp of lice and vermine A punishmēt no doubt befitting his vsurping life Rome was againe ouerflowne by the riuer Tiber whereby fifteene hundred houses perished and in a maner all the Popes treasure was lost Cardinall Albert sent Mendoza Admirall of Aragon with his rascalitie into the Low Countries where vpon his owne confederates of Cleueland he hath exercised many bloudy tragedies Theodore Duke of Muscouie ended his life There was a great deluge of waters in Hungarie The Turks had wonderfull bad lucke vpon the seas The vnited States of the low Countries sent a huge fleete into Spaine where they had verie good successe to the vtter vndoing of many a Spaniard What shall I write of the terrible rumours of warres which were noysed throughout all England this last summer Assuredly these enents were foreshewed vnto vs by the horrible Eclipse which appeared now aboue two two yeeres agoe Since which time I waited continually for some notable effect or other neither could my mind otherwise presage but that such things would come to passe which now GOD be thanked are ouerpast This after a sort I communicated at that time to master Ia. Pr. an auncient wise gentleman and a deare kinsman of mine at whose house I as then being lately come into my countrey after my fathers decease soiourned God grant vs better and happier successe in this new yeere Of the causes of sedition and ciuill broyles Chap. 54. THere be sixe causes of sedition The first and chiefest is the contempt of religion For if men loued God which they cannot doe except they loue their neighbour doubtlesse no such effects would follow from their actions The loue of religion breaketh swords into mattocks and speares into sithes and causeth that nation shall not lift vp sword against nation neither learne to fight any more The second cause of sedition is the factions of the subiects which euer haue beene and euer will bee the subuersion of estates The third cause is riotous prosperitie for ouer-great aboundance of wealth is the prouocation of mischiefes and maketh men to become diuels The fourth is when the Prince ouerchargeth his subiects with tributes and when hee substituteth niggardly and deceitfull Treasurers and Lieutenants to receiue the leuied money that will not sticke to detaine a part thereof for their owne priuate gaine The first cause of Sedition is iniquitie as when that which is due by proportion is not giuen to them that bee equall and when the Prince bestoweth honour which is the hire and guerdon of vertue vpon raw and meane men This was one of the originall causes of the late troubles in France when the Queene mother for the establishment of her regencie dubbed simple Gentlemen knights of the honourable order of Saint Michael first instituted by King Lewis the eleuenth and til that time held in great estimation The sixt cause of sedition is
the nobles was soone surprized by the Danes whereas if it had continued counted they durst neuer aduenture to set foot in any one place of this realme Briefly an Aristocracy disagreeth with the law of natiōs which all men held in great estimation for all nations had kingdomes distinct and Kings appointed for them The Israelites required a king of the Prophet Samuel for said they Wee will be like all other nations and our King shal iudge vs and go out before vs and fight our battels Obiection Mediocrity in al things is praise-worthy extreames dispraised an Aristocracy is the mediocrity between a Monarchy a Democracy therefore it is best Answere The mediocrity betweene a Monarchy a Democracy is perfect praise-worthy if it could be equally diuided thereby the vertue drawne out which is in a maner impossible Of a Democracy Chap. 12. A Democracy of all regiments is the very worst as being a market where all things are sold fashioned by owles whose sight the night lighteneth the day makes dim What is more preposterous then to see the multitude a mōster of many heads void of discretion deliberating and determining on wise mens deeds yea now then on their liues are not they still shuffling the cardes and desirous of new cōmotions are not they wauering corrupt wretched I say miserable is that commonwealth which wāts a head where the people raigne Sooner will a foole be brought to play vpō a harpe then the vndiscreet multitude bee made fit for magistracies No mā is so foolish that hauing need of physicians wise experienced he will put his body into the hands of rude and raw Empiriques Likewise as of a iudge incapable vndiscreet cā be no expectatiō of righteous iudgemēts so in a popular state full of confusion vanity there is no hope but at aduenture of deliberatiō resolution wise or reasonable Which caused Anacharsis the Philosopher when hee saw the Areopagites propoūding causes the people resoluing thē to say that wise men among the the Athenians moued matters fooles determined thē How great troubles did the Florētines sustain by this sort of gouernment vntil of late it was reduced by the Mediceis into a monarchy In fine y e multitude cōpoūded of many diuers spirits of maners customes can neuer distinguish between good bad co sel by reasō that whatsoeuer is moderat they esteeme a kind of slouthfull cowardize and whatsoeuer is circūspectly forewarned that they hold to be curiosity But whatsoeuer is rash hasty that is thought by them to be couragiously deliberated The Democracy of the Switzers hath continued without troubles two hūdred yeeres and vpwards therefore a Democracy well constituted may endure as long as an Aristocracy or Monarchy Answere Of the continuance of the Switzers popular gouernment I find two causes The first they haue slaine all their noblemen and they mistrust not one another The second the most factious and seditious of them are commonly abroad as mercenary souldiers vnder the Frēch king and other potentates and the rest at home more tractable regard not how the world goeth The second Plant. The members of a Commonwealth Chapt. 13. ALl the people which be in euery royall commonwealth are generally either Gentlemen or of the commonaltie Of Gentlemen there be three degrees Vnder the first and chiefest is the Prince comprehended Vnder the second Dukes Marquesses Earles Vicounts Barons and Knights of honour Vnder the third and last are contained Knights Graduates of law Esquires Masters of Arts Captaines and they that beare the countenance and port of Gentlemen Whereunto also might bee added a fourth degree of Gentlemen whome wee name Gentlemen of the first head I meane them to whome Heraldes for money doe giue armes newly made and inuented the title whereof shall pretend to haue beene found by the sayde Heralds in perusing and viewing of olde Registers where his ancestors in times past had beene recorded to beare the same The Commonaltie likewise is diuided into Citizens Artificers Marchants and Yeomen Of Noblemen Chap. 14. IF wee call to remembrance all things that wee haue seene wee shal finde euery one thing in particular to excel the rest of the same kind in some perfection or other Let vs looke vp into the Zodiake and there wee shall see the sunne to surpasse the minour● starres Among metals gold siluer and brasse are best Among stones the marble iuorie and loadstone Among pretious stones the Diamond the Smaragde and Saphire Among trees the Pine the Iuniper the apple-tree And so among liuing things some exceede others What maruaile therefore is it if among men the verie same order bee obserued In the buying or selling of a horse wee glorie boast of his sire and shall wee not respect of what stocke and parentage a man is descended Eueryman I confesse commeth of Noble seede that is to say from God but afterwards he becommeth degenerate and ignoble by forsaking God his beginning and by leaning vnto wicked vices For which cause there was a law in Rome termed Prosapia that is the law of discēt by the which it was ordained that whē cōtention did arise in the senate house for the Cōsulship that they which descēded from the Torquatians Decians and Fabricians should obtaine the place before others Concerning Noblemens priuiledges they be many wherof we wil at this present recite onely 5. First a Nobleman cānot be chalēged to the combat or lists by any inferior man Secondly a Noblemā is sooner preferred to beare office in the Cōmon-wealth to sit in commissiō to be an arbitrator betwixt partie and partie Thirdly by the ciuill law the testimonies of Noblemen are sooner approoued And whereas inferior gentlemē must personally appeare in criminall causes it is lawfull for Noblemen to bee absent so that they substitute an atturney or proctor for them Fourthly a Nobleman hauing cōmitted an hainous offence as murther or treasō is iudged by his peeres equals that is The yeomārie doth not go vpō him but an enquest of the L. of the Parliamēt they giue their voices not one for al but each seuerally as they doe in parliamēt beginning at the yongest L. and for iudge one L. sitteth who is high steward of England for that day And this punishmēt is beheading but if an inferior Gent. offend in this sort then at the next sessions he hath twelue Godfathers on his life and is condemned to bee hanged Fiftly Noblemen and their wiues are licensed to weare clothes of gold but Knights Esquires are forbiddē them To hasten to an end this honour of auncestrie as it doth adorne Noblemen so doth it greatly disgrace them if they liue not vertuously For thereby they eclipse their genealogie and become themselues vtterly vnknowne In consideration of which abuse a notable law was enacted among the Rhodians to wit That those sonnes which followed not their