to aide you to keepe maintaine and defend the lawes and customes with all our power After this manner did the deputies for the cities and townes sweare euery one according to the rights lawes customes preuiledges freedomes and liberties which they did enioy This oth beeing taken of either side except by the Clergy who sweare not the King retired himselfe into Saint Stephens chappell of the same church where he put off his roabes and tooke one of white taffity Vnction fo the King of Nauarre which was vsuall in such ceremonies and then was brought backe by the Bishops of Tarrasone and of Dax to the great chappel where as all things necessary were prepared for this vnction The King being there enuironed by the Bishops he was annointed with oyle by the Bishop of Pampelone with the praiers and suffrages vsuall in such actions and the King hauing instantly put off that white roabe he was richly attired in other royall habits and so approched neere vnto the high altar where there was a sword the royal crowne glistring with pretious stones and the royall Scepter hee put on the sword and then drew it forth holding it vp on high in signe of Iustice and then sheathed it againe then hee tooke the crowne and set it on his head and last of all hee tooke the scepter in his hand and in the meane time the prelats continued their prayers These things beeing done the King mounted vpon a target on the which were painted the armes of Nauarre King of Nauar carried vpon a traget the which was borne by the Deputies of the Nobility and them of the city of Pampelone and the three quarters thereof Bourg Peuplement and Bauarre as well in the name of the said city as of other cities and townes of the realme as it had beene appointed by the King wherevpon publike protestation was made by the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite and other townes which could not set to their hands to support this target on the which the King was that it was without preiudice at that time or hereafter to their commonalties Thus the King was raised vp by the deputies who cried out thrice Real Real Real The King beeing thus carried after the manner of the ancient French hee cast money vnto the people which done hee was taken from thence by the Cardinall Don Pedro of Luna the Popes Legat who assisted at this ceremonie and by the Bishops of Pampelone and Tarrasone and led to a royall throne in great state the prelats and other Clergy men continuing still in their praiers and ending with a Te Deum These things thus performed the Kings Attorney General called Garcia of Leach in the Kings name the Bishop of Pampelone for himselfe and all the Clergy of the realme with the Deputies of the Nobility townes and commonalties demaunded an act of Peter of Godeille Apostolike Notary of Peter of Iauariz Clarke and Apostolike Notary for the Diocese of Pampelone and of Iohn of Ceilludo Notary and Secretary to the King the which was formally done For the last act of this follemnity masse was sung by the Bishop of Pampelone whereas the King according to the custome of his predecessors offred scarlet gold and siluer This coronation was the fourth yeere of this Princes reigne in February in the yeere 1390. and to make more particular relation of men of quality which were at this assembly deputed for the Estates or otherwise First of all there was D. Pedro of Luna Cardinal Men of account at the King of Nauarres coronation of the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin Legat a Latere in Spaine to Pope Clement residing in Auignon Don Martin Salua Bishop of Pampelone D. Iohn of Calaorra and Calçado D. Pedro of Tarrassone Don Fernand of Vic of Ossona D. Pedro of Ampurias D. Iohn of Dax D. Garcia of Eugni of Bayone Confessor to the King all Bishops Moreouer the Abbot of Irache the Deane of the Collegiall church of Tudelo the Abbots of the Monasteries of Saint Saluator of Leyra Oliuia Yrançu Hitero and Saint Saluator of Vrax the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem the dignities Chanoins and Clergy of the church of Pampelone for the Estate of the Clergy For the Nobilitie and millitary Order were Don Lionell of Nauarre the Kings base brother D. Arnaud Raymond Lord of Grammont D. Arnâ—nd Sanches Lord of Luse D. Pedro Lord of Laxaga D. Martin Henriques of Lacarra Marshal of the realme D. Ramir of Areillan D. Martin Lord of Mearçan and of Saint Iulian D. Iohn of Vcara D. Fernand of Ayanc D. Martin of Ayuar D. Bertrand of Lacarra D. Aluar Diaz of Medrano D. Ximen Garcia Vicont of Baigner D. Pedro Sanches of Corella D. Pedro Ynigues of Vxue D. Martin of Artieda D. Pedro Arnaud of Garro D. Iohn Gaston of Vrroz D. Garcia Ramires of Asiayn D. Iohn of Bern the young Don Pedro Sanches of Licaraçu D. Iohn Rodrigues of Ayuar D. Raymond of Esperça and Don Pedro of Ayanc these were accompanied with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen as it was fit for the Maiesty of such an act The were also the Deputies of the commonalties and good townes of the realme of Pampelone Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere which were thre quarters or countries of the city euery one hauing a seuerall Iudge the which kept them long in diuision and bred lamentable mutinies and seditions but this King by wise councel reduced them all into one body and supprest the cause to the good and quiet of the Inhabitants Moreouer there were present the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite Puent la Reyna Arcos which at this day belongs to Castile Viana Garde which is also of Castile of Saint Vincent of Saint Iohn of Pie de Port of Montreal Ronceuaux Lumber Willafranca of Aguilar of Bernedo at this day vnited to the crowne of Castile and of Lans Besides these deputies there were many Barons Knights and others of quality of Castile France and England which did honour this coronation with the Ambassadors of forraine Christian princes Namely Iohn Vicont of Fussensaguet Raymond of Beruat Lord of Castlenau D. Alphonso of Luna Archdeacon of Girone Doctor Iohn Fernandes of Arana D. Diego Lopes of Estunina high Treasorer Diego Lopes of Lagran Steward to the King of Castile Francis of Pau of Arragon Sicart of Montagu Bernard of Rostaing a Basque These with many others were witnesses of all that past at this ceremony as appeeres by the acts and writings which are in the chamber of accounts of that realme In Iuly following the quire of the church fell where these things were celebrated for the re-edefying whereof the King and others did contribute very much The death of D. Iohn King of Castile fell out then vnfortunatly for the King of Nauarre for besides that hee loued him and was beloued of him like a brother hee was a fit instrument to tame the wilfulnesse of the Queene Donna Leonara
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF SPAINE Containing all the memorable things that haue past in the Realmes of Castille Leon Nauarre Arragon Portugall Granado c. and by what meanes they were vnited and so continue vnder Philip the third King of Spaine now raigning Written in French by LEVVIS DE MAYERNE TVRQVET vnto the yeare 1583 Translated into English and continued vnto these times by EDVVARD GRIMESTON Esquire LONDON Printed by A. Islip and G. Eld Anno Dom. 1612. TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND MOST WORTHY OF ALL HONORS AND ALL TITLES ROBERT Earle of Salisburie Lord High Treasurer of England c. THOMAS Earle of Suffolke Lord Chamberlaine to his Maiestie MY most Honoured Lords I might iustly feare that my continuall desire to acknowledge my dutie vnto your LL. by some acceptable kind of seruice would be held importunitie if your Noble dispositions and mine owne experience in particular of your Honours gratefull acceptance of the meanest seruice that is well meant had not freed me from that feare and enabled my weake faculties to adde this vnto the rest of my oblations which I consecrate vnto your LL. vpon the Altar of my deuotion I must confesse that your fauorable reception of my French and Netherland Histories hath added courage to my will to passe the Pyrenee Mountaines and to take a suruey of this Historie of Spaine the which I held in my weake judgement for many respects as worthie the knowledge of our Nation as any other It is a generall Historie of all the Continent of Spaine wherein the seuerall Histories of those seuerall Kingdomes as they were in former times distinctly diuided and gouerned by diuers Princes are vnited being collected out of all the best authors that haue written of that subiect These considerations I say were the inspiring meanes to moue me to vndertake the traduction of this Historie of Spaine and haue giuen me resolution and constancie to finish it and to send it forth to the view of the world The worke I hope will giue good content it being a faithful relation of so many variable and strange accidents as haue happened in those Countries during the manie alterations and changes of that State and the long and cruell wars betwixt the Moores Spaniards If I in my plaine maner of translation haue not giuen it that grace which a more eloquent penne might haue done I most humbly craue pardon and intreat that my desire to benefit others may giue satisfaction for my disabilitie and defects I haue presumed to shroud the fruites of my poore endeuors vnder your LL. countenance and protection desiring to leaue a testimonie to all posteritie how much I am Your LL. deuoted in all duetie and seruice EDVVARD GRIMESTON To the Reader GEntlemen in the last edition of the Historie of France I did willingly omit all matters acted by the Spaniards wherein the French were not principally interressed hauing then a resolution to make the Histories of those countries distinct and priuat And for that I would not leaue you long in suspence I promised within the yeare to publish this Historie of Spaine wherein notwithstanding my publique seruice and many other difficulties I haue forced my selfe to keepe my word and to giue you satisfaction though it be with some preiudice to my health I will not vse many complements in the behalfe of the Author his worke shall plead for himselfe This Historie was written by a Frenchman who is yet liuing a man of grauitie and iudgement It is no translation but a collection out of the best writers that haue treated of that subiect his chiefe Authors were Stephen Garebay Ierome Surites Mariana Ambrose Morales Iohn Vasee a Fleming with many other Spanish Italian Latin writers out of all which he hath compyled this worke and as it were vnited and tyed together the discourse of all these realmes with a continued style by reason of the warre accords marriages and other treaties and alliances which they haue had common among them yet hath he so distinguished them as seeing them all you may easily read any one seuerally by it selfe by the direction of notes and inscriptions set in the margent at euerie section or breach whereby you may choose what belongs to Nauarre Portugall Castille or to any other of those realmes and read the Historie apart from the beginning to the end The antiquitie of this Spanish Nation wherof he hath breefely made mention in the beginning of the first Booke he confesseth to be obscure and vncertaine and the writers thereof ignorant or negligent so as it may be his discourse agreeth not with some authors which treat of the same men of whom he maketh mention as of Hercules Cacus Gerion Denis and such like but he pleads thus much for himselfe that he could not contemne nor reiect the Spanish authors which haue so written of them the which are to be receiued as obserued and produced by them This Historie comes but to the winning of the Terceres which was in the yeare 1583 he hath finished the rest vnto these times I my selfe haue seene it in his studie at Paris but he hath not yet put it to the Presse so as I haue beene constrained in the continuance thereof to helpe my selfe out of the best that haue written of these later times wherein I haue been assisted by some worthie gentlemen in the relation of some great actions and haue continued the Historie vnto my Lord Admirals returne out of Spaine You must not hold it strange if you find a great part of Philip the seconds raigne barren of any great actions done in Spaine his chiefe designes were against foreine States imploying his brauest men abroad either against France England or the vnited Prouinces at the Indies or at Sea all which actions are either related here or in their distinct Histories I must aduertise the Reader that from the yeare 1530 I haue not directly followed my Author for I haue both inserted diuers things out of other Authors whereof he makes no mention and haue related some more at large then he hath done for your better satisfaction as I haue found them written in other approued Authors My last suit must be for my selfe and the Printer yet will I not vse any great circumstances to captiuate your fauors in mine owne behalfe my stile I confesse is plaine and harsh it were folly nay madnesse in me to seeke to conceale it being so well knowne vnto you yet let me intreat so much fauor at your hands that as I haue spent my spirits to giue you content so you will spare your spleenes and censure fauorably vntill you come to the like tryall then shall you find that either by your owne mistaking or by the errors of the Presse you shall haue iust cause to sue for the like grace which is to supply all escapes and errors with your iudicious reading And so I rest Yours E. G. A GENERALL HISTORIE OF SPAINE Collected out of diuers Authors as well
Iohn and very wel allied 2. D. Francisco de Toledo brother to the Earle of Orgas 3. D. Alonso de Luçon 4 D. Nicholas d' Isla or Patritio Anselmo the 5. and last D. Augustin Mexia who afterwards was Castellan of Antwerp there being 32. companies in euery regiment besides certaine Portugal and Italian bands D. Lewis Peres de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia Marquis of Saint Lucars and Knight of the Order of the Golden fleece was General of this great army Officers of the army as you haue heard D. Iohn Martines de Ricaldo was Admiral of the fleet and D. Francisco de Bouadilla Marshall There were of the Councel of war Diego Pimentel Flores de Baldes Pedro de Baldes Michel Oquendo Alonso de Lieua Diego Maldonado D. George Manriques with many others There were many Noblemen and about 120. gentlemen of note voluntaries that went to win honor amongst which were the Prince of Ascoly the Marquis of Pegnafiel the Marquis of Berlango with many others of great account The Duke of Parma during this preparation Preparation of the Duke of Parma to ioyne with the army had commandement from the King of Spaine to make ready ships and boats to land men and to haue his forces in a readinesse to ioyne with his army that came from Spaine who spent much time with great care and industry to prouide all things ready for such an enterprise He had 32. ships of warre within Dunkerke and an infinite number of boats for transportation hee lodged all his forces neere vnto the sea being about 30000. foot and nine hundred horse There came many Princes and Noblemen from forraine countries running to this imaginary conquest Out of Spaine the Duke of Pastrana Prince of Vuly sonne to Ruy Gomes de Sylua but hee was held to bee the Kings base sonne the Marquis of Bourgawe one of the Archduke Fernands sonnes Noblemen come into Flanders D. Vespasian Gonzaga of the house of Mantoua a great souldier D. Iohn de Medicis base sonne to the Duke of Florence D. Amadeus a bastard of Sauoy with many others The Queene of England hearing of all this preparation in Spaine and the Low countries omitted nothing that might serue for her iust defence Preparation in England Shee sent forth her best ships of warre with some Merchants to lie at Plymouth in the West parts there to attend the enemy commanded by the Lord Charles Howard high Admirall of England and now Earle of Nottingham beeing accompanied by the Lord Thomas Howard second sonne to the Duke of Norfolke and now Earle of Suffolke the Lord Sheffeld and many other Noblemen and gentlemen of quality And in the narrow seas betwixt Douer and Calis the Lord Henry Seymor sonne to the Duke of Somerset lay with forty or fifty saile of smaler ships The vnited Prouinces had prouided twenty small ships to keepe all the coast of Flanders where there be great flats and when as the Spanish fleet was ready to come they sent in the end Iustine Nassau their Admirall with fiue and thirty tall ships well appointed to ioyne with the Lord Henry Seymer which ships vnited should keepe the Duke of Parma from comming forth whereon their preseruation did depend But let vs returne to this great fleet of Spaine Spanish fleete disperst at sea which beganne to way anchor at Lisbone on the nine and twentith day of May this yeere 1588. and sailed to the Groine in Gallicia where they tooke in more men and some munition From thence they put to sea but they were disperst by a storme so as the Duke was forced to returne againe vnto the Groine with his fleet eight of his ships hauing spent their masts of the foure gallies one recouered that port the other three were driuen into Bayonne in France whereas all the slaues escaped The army being refreshed and the ships repaired the King did daily importune them to put to sea which they did on the twentith of Iuly sayling till they came to the entry of the English Channel from thence they sent to aduertise the Duke of Parma of their comming to the end hee might bee ready to ioyne with them The fleet was discouered by one captaine Fleming who aduertised the Lord Admirall of England when hee little expected them which made him with all possible speed to drawe his ships out of the hauen of Plymouth imbarking his men with great confusion and difficulty himselfe putting to sea that night but with sixe ships and the rest following as they could The two fleetes hauing discouered one an other on the thirtith day of Iuly the Spaniards leauing the English kept on their course towards Flanders according to the stricknesse of their Commission which was to ioyne with the Duke of Parma and then ioyntly to inuade England In this manner the Spanish fleet went on with a small saile close together fearing to loose some of their company for that the English had got the winde and bare vp within musket shot Passing on in this close manner the Gallion wherein Pedro de Baldes was brake her mast against an other ship so as it was not able to follow the fleete neither would they stay to helpe her but falling off from the rest it yeelded the next day to Sir Francis Drake besides D. Pedro there were diuers gentlemen and 450. men in her and as it was said some of the King of Spaines treasor at the same time Michel d' Oquendos the viceadmiralls ship was by casualty set on fire and burnt to the water of the which there were some saued On the second day of August there was a hot fight betwixt the two fleets right against Portland but the Spaniards left it and went on their intended course On the fourth day was the like before the Isle of Wight where the English Admirall accompanied by the Lord Thomas Howard in the Lyon the Lord Sheffeld in the Beare Sir Robert Southwell in the Elizabeth Ionas with some few others did charge the Spanish Admiral being in the midest of his best ships but in the end the Spaniards went away before the winde and on the sixth of August they came to anchor before Calis meaning there to attend the Duke of Parma whether the next day the English fleet came and anchored close by them who that night sending downe ships before the winde being full of wood poulder wild-fire and other combustible things and beginning to burne they made the Spaniards in that amazement cut their cables and to put confusedly to sea In this confusion the great Galleasse of D. Hugo de Moncado lost her helme and was driuen vpon Callis sands where D. Hugo was slaine and the Galleasse spoiled by the English and lost where there were three hundred slaues set at liberty The morning after their disorder the Spaniards had put themselues againe into battaile and the English charged them before Graueling but they desired to passe along with the winde and to stand
diuers accidents The first was the strange swelling and ouerflowing of the Riuer of Guadalquibir to the great spoile of the neighbour Countrie for passing ouer her bankes there were many persons drowned with much cattel and very many buildings ouerthrowne but the greatest losse was at Seuille in which port there lying many Ships of the Fleet they were staied long from making of their preparations And in the meane time whilest they proceeded slowly in this action according to the custome of that nation who persuade themselues to doe great matters with fame onely and repose the chiefe of their most important enterprises in tyring the enemie and consuming him at leysure the English armie appeared vpon their coast as you shall â—eare The charge of the English fleet and armie was giuen to the Lord Charles Howard high Admirall of England who at his returne from that seruice Armie of English for Spaine was by the Queenes Maiestie made Earle of Nottingham and to the Earle of Essex being ioyned together in Commission Being vpon their going from the coast of England they did publish in print in seuerall languages the true iust and vrgent reasons which had mooued her Maiestie to vndertake the sending forth of so great an Nauie with a full declaration of her Majesties pleasure and so they set saile from Plymouth vpon the third of Iune this yeare the whole English fleet consisting of some hundred ships of all sorts the which was diuided into foure squadrons of the which the Lord Admirall commaunded the first the Earle of Essex the second the Lord Thomas Howard now Earle of Suffolke the third and Sir Walter Rawleigh the fourth On the tenth of Iune this fleet got sight of Caliz or Cadiz in Andalusia but they kept not the order appointed for their comming in by reason of the mistaking of their masters and their falling in the night with the West sooner than they expected which made them stand vpon another boord and had somewhat disordered their fleet The Lord Admiral one of the Generals was with the greatest part of the fleet ahead to the Windward of the other Generall the Earle of Essex and his Squadron the wind being then at South Sir Walter Rawleigh was by reason of some chase in the night to Leeward and a sterne The Spaniards which were to the number of fiftie and seuen saile English fleet enters into Cadiz roade rod vnder the Towne of Caliz and the Gallies being seuenteene lay in the mouth of the Bay to couer the ships and to attend the landing of the English The Lord Admirall came to an anchor before the Southwest point of the Iland called Saint Sebastians the Earle of Essex seeing the Gallies rowe towards the landing place which hee had chosen bore with them vntill hee made them leaue their course and then looft vp and came with his squadron to an other anchor by the Lord Admiral which the rest of the fleet seeing came all vnto them only the Lord Thomas Howard in the Sea-honor anchored between them and the shoare The Generals called a Councell where it was ioyntly agreed vpon by them that their men should bee landed and the Town presently attempted on the West side which was next to the anchoring for which purpose the Earle of Essex Lord Generall Sir Francis Vere Lord Marshall and sir Coniers Clifford Sergeant Maior went to draw together as many souldiers and Gentlemen as their boats could wel carrie at once which being done and all their boates about the Lord Admirals ship sir Walter Rawleigh who was but then arriued in the Due Repulse came and protested against their landing holding the attempt to be dangerous and the performance as the wind blew and billowe went impossible for indeed it was growne to a storme whereupon it was resolued that the souldiers should bee returned to their ships and the Spanish fleet first assailed according to sir Walter Rawleighs aduice It was past noone before this later resolution was taken and more than two houres after before the Souldiers could bee carried backe vnto their Shippes some of their boates miscarrying before they could recouer their shippes which being done my Lord Thomas Howard weighed anchor first to giue the other ships scope to cast about then the rest of their principall ships as they could get leaue of the smaller Vessels which rodde close by them who also put themselues vnder saile but the winde was so strong and in such a place as most of their ships had beene driuen too farre to leeward if they had not come to anchour which the chiefe leaders perceiuing they came to a roade Besides the Sunne being not verie high they thought that the bringing in of so greaâ— a fleet towards night would so disorder them as the attempt should bee made to their great disaduantage So as the first day there was nothing executed by reason of these accidents Onely in the euening from the Bulwarke called Saint Philip from the Ships of warre which lay at Anchor and from the Gallies which did aduance a little towards them some few Canon shot were bestowed vpon the Due Repulse who answered them with the like especially against the Gallies when they approached to make them know the English could entertaine them if they came on That night the gallies coasting by the shore betwixt S. Mary Port Rotta came to obserue what order was kept by the rereward of the English fleet but they were soon turned backe On Munday earely in the morning there was a Councell held aboord the Lord Admirals Shippe where it was resolued to weigh anchor presently and to assaile the Spanish fleet the which was accordingly performed after this maner The Lord Thomas Howard and Sir Walter Rawleigh for so the Generall had appointed it bare right in the middest of the Chanell with the kings great ships which retyred before them scorning to bestowe a shot on the gallies which discharged their Canon as they passed by them The Lord Marshall being in the Raine-bow looft vp the Gallies which lay vp with their sternes close vnder the Towne and kept their prowes towards the Ships that should passe by them The Rainebow was a good while in fight before that any other ship came vnto her and was plyed with shot both from the gallies and from the Towne The Earle seeing her so ouer-matcht made haste vnto her and so making the enemie a fairer marke than the Rainebow which was a farre lesser ship eased her of many blowes Some other ships shot but farther off and to lesse purpose This incounter with the Gallies was a verie great aduantage vnto the enemy they hauing so many to so fewe for in effect these two ships aboue mentioned performed this whole seruice Besides there were two Bulwarkes of the Towne on their side all which notwithstanding the Gallies were forced to flie before them into the Baie two onely except which Sir Iohn Wingfield comming then vp in the Vangard did keep so in
returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
to Eluas where he was acknowledged for King and in all places where hee past and then he did free them of a forraine imposition which was leauied vpon all marchandize which past from one realme vnto an other which was valued yeerely at a hundred and fifty thousand crownes for a token of the vnion and to shew that the Castillans and Portugals were now but one people He appointed an assembly of the Estates at Tomar in Aprill the yeere following 1582. hee visited Catherine Dutchesse of Bragança at Villa Boim who yeelded her right to the Realme vnto him if she had any The Pope who had till then beene somewhat opposite to the Kings pursutes Pope Gregory allowes of the conquest of Portugal did allow of all that had beene done in Portugall being aduertised how matters had past hee exhorted him that to shew himselfe thankefull vnto God for the prosperities which hee had giuen him he should vndertake to make warre against the Queene of England either directly or vnder hand in fauoring the Irish hee not onely offred him his spirituall treasors but also quit him the fruites of the Archbishoprike of Toledo which had beene long in the hands of his Stewards whilest that the Archbishop remained suspended of his dignity and that his processe was in question at Rome the which amounted to some millions of crownes and did belong to the Church and Sea of Rome The King knew well that he should not restore those fruits and therefore he was not eager to enter into open warre against the English yet he promised to succor the Irish from Spaine without any further declaration but saying that he would deale with the affaires of Ireland as the Queene of England did with them of Flanders Hee was also to prouide for the reduction of the Islands of the Tercera's without the which his fleets could hardly continue their nauigations to the Indies These Islands are in the Atlantike Ocean Description of the Terceras and are otherwise called the Açores they be seuen in number most of them small and not greatly inhabited The best are the Tercera which carries the name of them al Saint Michel which is the greatest and Fayal the other which be Santa Maria Pâ—c Flowers and Corues are barren and vnpeopled The city of Angra the Bishops Sea is in the Tercera but the Bishops aboad is in that of Saint Michel at a place called Puncto del Gada which Island is some hundred miles neerer vnto Spaine then the rest People of the Terceras brutish All the Inhabitants of these Islands are brutish superstitious and vaine yet instructed by Iesuits and many sorts of Monkes which haue their dwellings there Vntil that the Marquis of Santa Cruz had conquered them they were of opinion that the King D. Sebastian was not dead at the battaile of Afrike they did hate the Castillans mortally were enterrained in this hatred by D. Antonio who held them two yeers after the conquest of Portugal by the means of some succors which he drew froÌ„ France for this King being expelled after that he had wandred throughout the realm poore and in a disguised habit for the space of eight months and yet was neuer wronged nor discouered notwithstanding that he spake to diuers men in the end he had means to fraight a ship of the Low countries at Setuual who for 600. crowns brought him to Callis from whence going to the court of France he was kindly entertained by the Queene Mother one of the Pretendants to the crowne of Portugal by whose fauor and authority hee found in many priuat men that offred to do him seruice went to sea to the Islands vnder his warrant hoping to take some Spanish or Portugal ships coÌ„ming from the Indies and to inrich themselues with their spoiles so as it was an ordinary trade from the ports of France to the Tercera's where for a time D. Antonio Cyprian de Figueredo commanded but not well pleased with him he displast him and gaue his Gouernment to Emanuel de Sylua who called himselfe Earle of Torres Vedras They of the Island of Saint Michel being some distance from the rest did presently acknowledge the king of Spaine diuiding themselues from the rest whether French ships came many times to spoile it and some Spaniards to defend it who meeting made furious war but the Spaniards had alwaies the worst They of the Tercera's were firme for Antonio and tooke all that came vpon their coast and vpon that of Fayal or that they could see at sea to make a stock for D. Antonio who reaped great commodity There was one called Iohn de Betancour descended from some French house dwelling in the towne of Angra who thought to draw the people into a mutiny for the King of Spaine who being almost slaine was cast into an obscure prison where he remained long and it is doubtful whether he died there The Iesuits thought to speake but they walled vp the gates of their conuents and kept them long shut vp after that maner giuing them meate twice a weeke and yet they feared to bee worse intreated but the other Orders of Monkes spake of none but D. Antonio whose vertues and praises were most commonly the subiect of their Sermons medling much with affaires of state and warre King Philip to assure himselfe of the Island of Saint Michel which held for him and receiue the ships which came from the Indies being not aduertised of that which had past in Portugal least they should vnwillingly fall into the hands of the contrary party he commanded that D. Pedro de Baldes should bee sent with foure ships and six hundred Spaniards who aduerturing to land in the Island of Tercera's with an opinion that there were many in the Island affected to the King his Master Pedro de Baldes defeated by them of the Terceras and by their meanes to doe some good exploite vpon the city of Angra which was vnwalled towards the land he was charged by theÌ„ who slue 400. of his men so as he made all the hast he could to get to sea and returne to Lisbone where for his welcome he was put in prison charging him that he had fought contrary to his Commission yet he was soone released finding that he was not expresly forbidden to fight Lope de Figueroa being sent after to second him thought to find him about the Island of S. Michel but hearing of this defeat he returned also to Lisbone so as it was then resolued to send greater forces the next spring We haue formerly made mention of certaine companies sent by Pope Gregory the 13. to succor the Rebels of Ireland vnder the command to Thomas Stukely who comming to Portugal with sixe hundred foote when as D. Sebastian did arme against the Moores they were intreated by him to serue him in that warre where most of them were slaine with their chiefe Commander The rest returning into Portugall with Sebastian Saniosep one of their
and couetous gouernement This yeare there was another enterprise by an English Gentleman whose name was Thomas Cauendish who passed into the South seas as Sir Francis Drake had done where after many accidents in Nouember 1587. the Generall hauing two shippes mette with a great shippe of the King of Spaines called Saint Anna the which was Admirall of the South-sea Cauendish takes the S. Anna in the South seas beeing about 700. tunnes burthen the which after six or seuen houres fight and thre seuerall charges yeelded to haue their liues saued In which shippe by the confession of the Captaine and Pilot they had an hundred and two and twenty thousand Pezo's of gold and the rest of the lading was in silkes satten damaske muske with many other good commodities in the end they set fire of the Kings shippe and burnt her hauing to the quantitie of 500. tunnes of goods in her then sayling by the Philippina's the Moluccos and the Cape of Bona Speranza they arriued safely in England in September 1588. King Philip after much warre the losse of his wiues and children and the little hope he had of long life in the Prince his sonne beeing of a weake complexion and ill disposed beganne this yeare to haue more cause of content for now the young Prince began to bee vigorous and of a spirit befitting an heire of so great dominions and on the other side the second Infanta Donna Catherina hauing had a sonne the last yeare did this yere double his ioy with another giuing him the more content for that the first was christened with so great solemnitie the twelfth day of May foure daies after that the second was borne Yet touching his publike affaires the Low-countrie warres troubled him much the which hee referred to the valour and wisedome of the Duke of Parma and liued himselfe quietly in Spaine But finding that the Queene of England did fauour and protect his Rebels of the Low-countries as he tearmed them and that shee did feed the fire of that long warre to be reuenged of that iniurie and to employ his forces to aduance the Romish religion he made preparation to transport the miseries of warre into England giuing countenance and entertainment to all the fugitiue Papists of that country The Queene of England beeing aduertised of this great preparation in Spaine for the inuasion of England shee was aduised to preuent it whereuppon shee armed foorth a Fleet of some 30 sayle in the which there were 4. ships and a pinaces of her Maiesties the rest were Merchants of good seruice Sir Francis Drake was appointed Generall of this Fleete which went towards the coast of Spaine this yeare in Aprill And beeing aduertized that there was great store of warlike prouision at Cadiz the which was readie to go for Lisbon he made all possible speed thither to intercept these prouisions so as on the 19 of Aprill he entred with his Fleet into the harbour of Cadiz where at the first they were affronted by sixe gallies but they soone retired vnder their fort There lay in the roade sixtie ships with diuers smaller vessels vnder the fort and such as could passe the sholds fled vp to port Real there came foure gallies more downe against them from Saint Mary port and port Real but they were well beaten they burnt in this harbor a shippe of Ragouça of a thousand tunne hauing fortie peeces of brasse Ordinance in her Ships burnt at Cadiz by the English and richly laden and another great new ship of twelue hundred tunne belonging to the Marquis of Santa Cruz high Admirall of Spaine with many others laden with victuals wine iron workes biscuit oyle fruite and other commodities which were to be transported to the Indies or to serue for the prouision of the Fleet which was preparing for England so as they burnt sunke and carried away to the number of thirty shippes and barkes beeing as they esteemed them ten thousand tuns of shipping Whilest they lay in the roade the gallies and forts shot continually at them and such shippes as they could defend no longer they fired to driue among the English shippes who were somewhat troubled to auoid them This resolute attempt was performed in one day and two nights to the great amazement of the King of Spaine and the Marquis of Santa Cruz his Admirall After their comming out of the roade of Cadiz this English Fleete was followed by ten gallies who notwithstanding suffred them to ride quietly at an anchor by them Then they bent their course towards cape Sacre beeing well victualled at the enemies charge vpon the way they tooke at seuerall times almost an hundred shippes barkes and carauels laden with hoopes gally oares pipe-staues with other prouisions for the King of Spaines armie intended for England all which they burnt and landed the men They also spoyled the fisher-boates and nets for the fishing of Tunies And comming to Cape Sacre they landed and tooke three forts some by force the rest by composition From thence they came neere vnto Lisbone anchoring neere vnto Cascais where the Marquis of Santa Cruz was with his gallies and yet he came not foorth against them Hauing a message sent him by the Generall that he was readie there to exchange certaine bullets with him the Marquis returned him an answer that hee was not readie for him neither had he any such commission from the king his master The Generall seeing no more good to be done vpon the coast of Spaine hee bent his course towards the Ilands of the Açores where by good fortune beeing within thirty leagues of Saint Michels he met with a Caracke of Portugall called S. Philip the which they tooke Carack of Portugal taken by Sir Francis Drake hauing made little resistance sending the people home into their country in other vessels well furnished with victuals And this was the first Carake that euer was taken comming from the East Indies The riches of this prize was held exceeding great whereupon they resolued to returne into England the which they did with their whole Fleete and their admirable rich prize The religious desire which the Catholike King had long had to haue Friar Diego Seniliano of the castle of Saint Nicholas S. Diego canonized to be canonized a Saint being dead in Spaine some hundred and fiue and twenty yeares before with an opinion of holinesse throughout all Spaine did this yeare take effect for that since the yeare 1563. instance beeing made by him and the Spaniards to Pope Pius the fourth to Pius the fifth and then to Gregory the 13. all which dyed before this busines could be ended But continuing in this zealous disposition he commanded the Earle of Oliuares his Ambassadour resident at Rome to mooue it againe to Pope Sixtus the fifth so as on the third of Iuly this yeare hee was canonized a Saint at the charges of the King of Spaine and his feast day appoynted the twelfth day of Nouember to the great
in Spaine of a great army preparing in England to send into Portugall Prouision for defence of Portugal for the restoring of Don Antonio wherevpon the King made prouision for the defence thereof sending the Earle of Fuentes for Generall into Portugall with good troupes hee augmented the number of their horse giuing the charge to D. Alphonso Vargas he made D. Francis de Padiglia Camp-master General Andreas d' Alua Pouruoier and Iohn Maldonado Auditor The prouisions for this enterprise beeing made Voiage of Portugal they went from Plimouth in Aprill Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake being Generalls they had with them sixe of the Queenes twenty ships of warre and as some write a hundred and forty for transportation hauing when they tooke shipping a eleuen thousand souldiers and two thousand fiue hundred marriners within sixe daies after their departure from England being the twentith day of Aprill the army landed in a bay within a mile off the Groine without impeach from whence they marched presently towards the towne approching within halfe a mile they were incountred by the enemy who beeing charged retired to their gates and then the Generall lodged the army in the villages and houses thereabouts Generall Norris hauing viewed the towne before daie resolued for to attempt it by scaladoe and to land some Artillerie to beate the shippes and gallies which did play vpon their troupes Groine the base towne surprized the which was effectually performed so as the Gallies were forced presently to abandon the roade and goe to Farrol and then they prepared with all speed to surprize the base towne the which was done the next day after they entring it in three seuerall places where after good resistance in one place they were forced to abandon it they all retyring into the high towne the which they might easily doe for that the English knew not their passages The rest that were not put to the sword in the fury fled to the rockes in the Island where they did hide themselues in caues whereas many were daily found out D. Iohn de Luna a man of great command hauing hidden himselfe in a house came forth the next morning and yeelded himselfe Iohn de Vera a Commissary of the victuals was also taken that night who confessed that at the entry of the English into the towne there were fiue hundred Spainards in seuen companies as it seemed returned weake from the voyage of England all vnder D. Iohn de Luna the captaines names were D. Diego Baçan base sonne to the Marquis of Santa Cruz. D. Antonio de Herera D. Pedro Manriques brother to the Earle of Paredes D. Ieronimo Mouray of the Order of Saint Iohn hee was in the fort D. Gomes de Caruajal captaine Mouçon and Caucasa de Socas And that the day that the English landed there came from Retenzas the companies of D. Iohn de Mosale and of D. Pedro Ponce de Leon. He confessed moreouer that there was order giuen for the baking of 300000. of biscuit that there was two thousand pipes of wine in the towne and a hundred and fifty in the ships That there was lately come 300000. ducats from the Marquis of Seralba That there was a thousand Iarres of oyle with great store of beanes pease wheat and fish That there were three thousand kintals of beefe and not twenty daies before there entred three barkes laden with mach and harguebuses There were some others taken and there were slaine by the common souldiers about fiue hundred At their first entry into the towne the souldiers finding three sellars full of wine distempred themselues so as many beeing drunke were hurt from the high towne and this disorder was the cause of a great mortality which fell in the English army There was aboundance of victuals and prouision for shipping and warre which the Commissary confest to be for a new voyage into England After the taking of the base towne there came some two thousand men out of the country downe to the very gates as resolutly as if they would haue entred but the English that were in gard making head against them they fled away disordredly hauing lost some eighteene of their men The Generall attempted the high towne both by mine and battery and going to the assault the loose rubish vnder their feete failed them so as they could not stand They had diuers men hurt in their retreat and they lost some twenty or thirty vnder the ruines of a tower which fell The day after that the English had offred an assault Succors come to releeue the Groyne the General vnderstood by a prisoner that the Earle of Andrada had gathered an army together of eight thousand men at Puente de Burgos six miles from the towne which was but the beginning of an army there being a greater leauy ready to come vnder the conduct of the Earle of Altemira either to releeue the Groyne or to incampe neere vnto the place where the English should imbarke and to hinder there shipping for to that end the Marquis of Seralba had written vnto them both the first night of their landing as the Commissary had confest or else to stop their passage into the country whether they went daily by troupes and burnt spoiled and tooke great booties The Generall resolued the next day to goe and visit these forces leading nine Regiments with him In the foreward were the regiments of Sir Edward Norrys Master of the Ordinance Sir Roger Williams and Collonel Sydneys In the battaile that of the Generall of Collonel Lane and Collonel Medkerke And in the reereward Sir Henry Norrys Collonel Huntleys and Collonel Brets Regiments leauing the other fiue Regiments with Generall Drake for the garde of the Ordinance Vpon the sixth day of May in the morning they discouered the enemy within halfe a mile off their campe against whom the shot of the foreward skirmished and forced them to retire vnto their bridge which was of stone built vpon Arches ouer a creeke that came from the sea At the foote whereof on the other side the enemy lay verie strongly intrenched who beeing with his shot at the further end of the bridge Sir Edward Norris who ledde the foreward and marched in the head of the pikes past the bridge without any stay at all beeing accompanied by Colonell Sydney Captaine Hinder Captain Fulford and others The way was euen but they must passe thorough a storme of small shot for the bridge was flanked on both sides with their shot at the farther end there was a barricado but they that had it in gard seeing the proud approch of the English Sir Edward Norris nurt forsooke it where Sir Edward Norris entred and charging the first he encountred with his pike ouer-thrusting himselfe hee fell and was sore hurt on the head at the sword but was honorably rescued by the Generall his brother Colonell Sidney and some other Gentlemen Captaine Hinder hauing his cask shot off had fiue wounds in the
found out of course or to haue beene altered by the injurie of time or by corrupt custome 21 And to make this peace fruitfull to the subiects of the king of England c. it was concluded That such as had recourse to and from the realmes and dominions of the king of Spaine and Archdukes and should remaine there for trade should not be molested in the cause of conscience wherefore to the intent their traffique might be safe and without danger both by land and sea the said king of Spaine and Archdukes should prouide that vsing their trade and commerce they should not be called in question nor molested for their consciences so as they gaue no scandall 22 If any goods or marchandise prohibited to be carried should be conueyed out of the realmes and dominions of the said kings and Archdukes by the subiects of the one or the other that in such case the person offending shall onely incurre punishment and only the goods prohibited shall be confiscated 23 That the goods of subiects dying within the realmes and dominions of either should be preserued for the right heires and successors of the deceased alwaies reseruing the right of any third person 24 That graunts and priuiledges giuen by the princes to merchants of either of the kingdomes comming to their realmes which priuiledges by reason of the warres haue ceased should from thenceforth be reuiued and stand in their full force and vertue 25 And if hereafter any vnkindnesse should grow betwixt the king of England c. and the king of Spaine or the Archdukes wherby there might grow any interruption of entercourse and traffique the subiects of either prince should be so aduertised thereof as they might haue six monethes from the time of the admonition to transport their marchandise without any arrest disturbance or molestation in the meane season to be offered or done them either in their persons or goods 26 That neither of the said princes should imbarre or stay for their prouision in war or for any other seruice to the prejudice of the owners the ships of the others subiects lying in their ports or roads vnlesse one of those parties to whom the ships do belong bee first aduertised thereof and yeeld his consent thereunto 27 It was also accorded That if during this peace and league of friendship any thing should happen to be attempted or done against the force and effect thereof either by water or by land by any of the said princes their heirs and successors their vassals and subiects or by their allies comprehended in this league or by the heirs successors of any of those allies their subiects or vassals yet notwithstanding this peace and amitie should remaine in his full strength and vertue and the attempters and such as doe offend onely shal be punished for their attempts 28 That all prisoners taken in the warres or condemned to the gallies should be released and set free the charges of diet of such as were not in the gallies being first paied and the ransomes of such as had before compounded for the same being discharged 29 It was concluded That all ciuile actions which were in force at such time as the last warre begun should be continued and pursued notwithstanding any lapse of time during the same warre so as they should not be any way prejudiced by the continuance of the warre those onely were excepted which were alreadie come to the princes treasurie or Exchequer 30 If any action should be commenced in the realmes and dominions of any of these princes by any person not being subiect to the same prince touching any depredations or spoyles the cause should be remitted to the Iudge of the jurisdiction vnder that prince against whose subject or subjects the suit is commenced 31 If the Hollanders and the other confederat Estates would accept of conditions of pacification with the Archdukes or their successours by the meanes of the king of England c. the said Archdukes and their successours would alwayes willingly hearken vnto that which should be propounded therein and would desire that by the helpe of the king of England c. they might be brought to imbrace equall conditions wherein they should well vnderstand how much the said Archdukes did attribute vnto the king of England The last three articles were for the comprehending of the allies friends and confederats of the said princes in this present treatie the which they did seuerally and particularly name and for the ratification confirmation and due obseruation of the said treatie There was also an order set down touching marchandise of high Germanie to be transported into Spaine and free from the imposition of thirtie in the hundred whereby the Constable of Castille hauing speciall procuration from the Catholike king did promise that it should be lawfull for the subjects of the king of England c. to conuey marchandise out of high Germanie being subject to the imposition of thirtie in the hundred and could not without paiment thereof be carried into Spaine the same marchandise being first conueyed into England and there discharged and customed and from thence to bee afterwards transported into Spaine or any other of the king of Spaines dominions without paiment of thirtie in the hundred so as the said merchandise had not paid any thing to the Hollanders and Zelanders or other enemies of the king of Spain and the Archdukes which marchandise they should conuey in their owne ships and not in any belonging to any other prince or nation And to auoid fraud the marchandise of high Germany which should be transported out of England Scotland and Ireland into the dominions of the king of Spaine and the Archdukes should be registred and marked with the seale of the towne from whence it came and a certificat sent from the magistrat of the said towne testifying that the said marchandise were discharged in England Scotland or Ireland and that they had paid custome there vpon paine of the kings displeasure the losse of their offices and other punishments to bee inflicted at the kings pleasure vpon the magistrats of townes vnder the obedience of the king of England c. which are to certifie the vnlading of ships and the registring thereof if they shall herein commit any fraud And what marchandise soeuer of high Germanie shall not be discharged in England Scotland or Ireland and yet to be transported into Spaine and other the dominions of the king of Spaine all such marchandise shall be confiscated and reputed good prize There were also three articles concluded concerning a moderation to be had in the proceedings in the Inquisition in Spaine against the king of Englands subiects First If they exceeded in any thing before their entrance into Spaine they should not be called into the Inquisition for the same neither should they bee molested for any of those things so committed out of Spaine neither should any account be demaunded of them for the same 2 That no man
should compell them to enter into churches vnlesse they would but if they did enter they should performe those dueties and reuerence which are vsed towards the holy Sacrament of the Altar being there and if they should see the Sacrament comming towards them in any street they shall doe reuerence by bowing their knees or else they shall passe aside by some other street or turne into some house 3 If any of the said persons being masters or masters mates or any other officers of ships which be not their owne doe exceed in any of these things the Inquisition proceeding against them by office is onely to sequester their own proper goods and are to leaue the ships and all other goods not belonging to the offenders free and the same was to be vnderstood for all traders and factors During this treatie betwixt England and Spaine Discomodities for the cessation of traffique the defence of traffique betwixt France and the dominions of the king of Spaine and the Archdukes was verie troublesome The French suffered great discommodities and the Spaniards found this restraint heauie and insupportable for that all things grew exceeding deere and the tradesmen murmured and grew almost desperat The Pope commaunded his Nuntio to deale in this businesse and to reconcile these princes but the French king would not yeeld to any thing vntill that the Spaniards who had first troubled the water had cleered it againe in reuoking the imposition of thirtie in the hundred which made the libertie of traffique a meere seruitude and the profit an assured losse This was verie seuere and rigorous It is in euerie kind bitter vnto the marchant couetousnesse hauing changed the first cause as well as the quantitie of customes and imposts At the first they were paied onely to haue free libertie and assurance of passage from one place vnto another and for that princes haue vnder their protection the highwayes for the which they are called Royall they did acknowledge this right of protection with some duetie Such impositions for so necessarie causes are just others are not and yet they must be borne being not lawfull for the subiect to murmure against the customes and imposts wherewith the prince doth charge him They said That the Spaniards which are long in their consultations and constant in their resolutions would neuer reuoke this imposition for that they would not loose the reputation of constancie in their lawes Coâ—merce set at liberty in France and bee noted of inconstancie and lightnesse by applying themselues to the time and affaires But there was no remedie the deputies of the two kings and Archdukes meeting tooke off the imposition and set the commerce free The peace being fully concluded betwixt England and Spaine and sworne by the king of England in the presence of the king of Spaines Commissioners Constable of Castille returns into Spaine the Constable of Castille hauing receiued great honour in England both in his entertainment and presents giuen him from the king returned into Flanders much satisfied in himselfe to carrie home with him such joyfull tidings From thence hee past into France where the French king vsed him so royally as hee afterwards said That hee had entertained him as a king and intreated him as a kinsman In the yeare a thousand six hundred and foure the king of Great Britaine sent the earle of Nottingham 1605 high Admirall of England Earle of Notingham sent into Spaine into Spaine to take the Catholike kings oath for the confirmation of the peace as hee did the earle of Hartford vnto the Archdukes to the same end The sayd earle of Nottingham being attended on by a gallant traine of noblemen knights and gentlemen arriued at the Groine where hee was no sooner discouered from the land but D. Lewis de Carilla de Toledo marquesse of Carascena Gouernour both of the towne and of the countrey of Gallicia gaue order for his entertainment the which was verie royally performed At his comming into the harbour a fort vpon the North side of the towne did first salute him with twentie peeces of ordnance then a fort lately built vpon a rocke with six and thirtie peeces and lastly from the towne and castle with aboue thirtie peeces of ordnance And the earles ship with the whole fleet beeing at an anchor requiâ—ed them with all their ordnance Presently after the Gouernour sent foure chiefe officers of the towne with D. Iohn de Pacheco his brother and D. Lewis de Carilla de Toledo his onely sonne to welcome the earle After some time spent in complements the Gouernour himselfe came aboord the earles ship in a barge the maâ—iners and rowers being in blew silke cassockes and cappes and the barge couered with blew veluet After hee had saluted the earle he told him That the king his master had giuen vnto him an especiall charge to haue a respect who he was that came embassadour from whom hee came and to whom hee was sent and that he should doe euerie thing for the honour of these three persons not sparing any thing that might be fit for his Lordships entertainment Wherefore hee did intreat the earle to goe to land the which he did forbeare vntill the next day so as that night hee sent vnto his Lordship a present of fish fruits bread and such commodities as the countrey yeelded On Tuesday He lands at the Groine the sixteenth of Aprill the earle of Nottingham prepared to goe to shore to his lodging which was appointed in the gouernours house The gouernour hauing taken care to receiue his Lordship in most honourable manner had vpon notice of his comming to the Groine caused a bridge of timber being aboue fortie yards long to be built and painted the which was garnished with many penciles of silke of diuers colours The way into the towne was set on either side with boughes of bayes and Orange trees and strewed with rushes and flowers The whole garrison of the towne and other companies that were drawne out of the countrey were there readie to make a gard for him His Lordship being readie to land the gouernour sent diuers of the Commaunders to let him vnderstand that he and the magistrats of the towne would attend him on the bridge Whereupon the earle tooke his barge and being followed by his whole traine went vnto the bridge where the Spaniards entertained the English as they landed the haultboyes and shagbots playing all the while Being all landed they entred into the towne an English man and a Spaniard marching together in verie good order At their entrance into the towne they were saluted with a great volley of shot both great and small and so they went on foot to the gouernours house where when the earle entred there were many chambers shot off During the earle of Nottinghams stay at the Groine hee solemnized Saint Georges feast the which was performed with the greater state for that the people came thither in troupes to see that