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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	henry_n	king_n	york_n	5,445	5	9.8000	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64888	The history of the government of France, under the administration of the great Armand du Plessis, Cardinall and Duke of Richlieu, and chief minister of state in that kingdome wherein occur many important negotiations relating to most part of Christendome in his time : with politique observations upon the chapters / translated out of French by J.D. Esq.; Histoire du ministere d'Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal duc de Richelieu, sous le regne de Louis le Juste, XIII, du nom, roy de France et de Navarre. English	Vialart, Charles, d. 1644.; J. D. (John Dodington)	1657 (1657)	Wing V291; ESTC R1365	838,175	594

have the reputation of an extraordinary Honesty especially to the transacting of such things which notwithstanding their innate Justice may provoke any evil spirits For though the most upright regulate their Judgements by some Principles which serve them as a Law in the Government of a State yet the most part ghuessing onely by their own senses and apprehensions judge of the Affairs by the Persons who conduct them Opinion guides the whole world and sets a price upon virtue it self and the reputation alone of him who negotiates may cause his designs to passe under the notion of good and lawful If the Foxes good counsel be once suspected by a man he will be hardly perswaded that a Person replenished with all the ornaments of a singular integrity will engage himself in unjust designs The repute of such a person sets a value and a price upon his words and actions and the opinion which is conceived of him is so absolute an Empire that there is no Appeal from his Judgement It is an ancient saying Truth is the strongest thing in the world But however if once Opinion hath fixed her Throne in the mindes of the people Truth will have somewhat to doe to disappoint her The prescriptions of a Physitian who is in esteem doe even passe for good And the Acts of a person who hath the credit of a sublime Virtue cannot be found fault withall The wiseft of the Pagans were not ignorant hereof but made great advantages by it as occasion offered it self Scipio the African would sometimes be a long while together all alone in the Capitol pretending he did conferr with Jupiter concerning the affairs of the Commonwealth and all this he did that he might be thought to be endued with a more than humane Piety Minos the Law-giver of Candia went down to make Laws into a subterranean Cave which he called Jupiters Grot and thence brought them all written perswading the people to believe that they were inspired into him by that Divinity And this was an easie way to perswade the people to whatsoever they had a mind to God himself hath thought it very proper too when he would bring any great thing to passe for he hath chosen usually such men who by their eminent virtue are able to make all people believe that whatsoever they declare could not be but truth He hath commanded the Prophets and Apostles to publish such sayings as would jarr and clash with the senses of most men and yet he hath replenished them in respect of his choice with the many graces that it were almost impossible for the most part not to believe them The deputation of the Sieur de la Ville-aux-clercs to the King of England in the qualitie of an Extraordinary Ambassador AFter the King had payed this respect to the Pope and that the Articles of Mariage had been coucluded upon the twentieth of November His Majestie cast his eys upon the Sieur de la Ville-aux-cler●s one of his Councellors and Secretary of State to dispatch him into England as an Extraordinary Ambassador He gave him particular order to testifie unto the King of Great Britain and the Prince of Wales the great affection which he had to live with them in a strait and near intelligence and to assure them that one of the chiefest reasons which drew him to agree to the Mariage was the consideration that as one link of their Friendship was tyed by Blood this would render it indissolvable After these Complements were once past he commanded him to procure the Articles of Mariage to be ratified and to obtain their Oaths and Promises by Writing according to what the Ambassadors had engaged their words He discharged himself with honour both to the one and t'other Commission and having several times entertained them with the Content that his Master would conceive by their Alliance he at last concluded with such dexteritie that he had instilled into them all sorts of good will and affection for France and in particular for his Majesties Interests and so invited them to a quick consummation of the Treatie that the sudden chances which usually happen to affairs of this consequence might not breed any alteration or change This was the ground-work upon which he founded his demands for their Instruments and Oaths which had been promised and which both of them were readily disposed to effect and accordingly they promised upon the Holy Evangelist not to attempt by any wayes or means to induce the Princesse to change the Roman Catholique Apostolique Religion or to force her to any thing which might be contrary to it They likewise promised upon their Faith and words of Princes to grant to the Catholiques more Liberties and Franchises in every thing which concern'd their Religion than had been given in favour of the Match with Spain not to force them to take Oaths contrary to the Rules of the Roman Church and to take effectual care that they were no more troubled in their Persons or Estates for their Religion provided they exercised it in private and lived in obedience as good Subjects ought to doe and finally both of them signed and delivered two Deeds for the better assurance of their Oaths and Promises After all this his Instructions did not oblige him to be contented with words onely as to that which concern'd the Libertie of the Catholiques so that he proceeded with great earnestness to obtain the effects of it and he was assured that upon the conclusion of the Mariage there should be a Patent of Enlargement granted to all such as were Prisoners for their Religion-sake without being any more troubled for the future and for what related to all in general there was a Deed made under his Majesties own Hand and Seal directed to the Lord Conway Secretary of State commanding him to signifie to all whom it concern'd that it was his Majesties pleasure no farther prosecution should be made against them and accordingly the Lord Conway gave notice hereof to the Chancellor Treasurer to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and to all other chief Officers principally requiring the Grand Treasurer to restore unto them all the monies which had been forced from them and payd into the Exchequer with order not to do the like hereafter and thus by obtaining their Promises Words and Assurances they had as much security as they could wish for could they but be contented to exercise their Religion in private and without noyse Politique Observation THe word of a King hath alwayes pass'd for so sacred that ours have sometimes scrupel'd at the confirmation by Oath of what they once gave upon their words It was for that reason Saint Lewis would not swear in his own person to the League then made with Henry the third King of England at the Camp neer St. Aubin Anno 1231. but desired it might suffice if he caused it to be sworn in his name and presence by the Prior of St. Martin the fields Indeed there being nothing

they had contrived to let them in by a great Tower which stood in the Sea belonging to the Sieur de Briqueville as also into the Town and Haven de Vire in hopes that they of their party who were at Caen Falaise and other adjacent places would rise in a body together and so force the King to leave Rochel that he might retake these places of so great importance Politique Observation REbels at their first rising may perchance get some advantages either by intelligences in strong Towns or surprisal of those which are but ill kept but in fine they do moulter away and are reduced to nothing It were to be wished that before they attempted any thing they did but know what is the true Reason hereof which it this they are to seek for those things which are necessary to continue a War with good successe for the beginning there need little or nothing but those beginnings must of necessity terminate in disasters if he who is the first mover have not store of Forces and power to recruite them if he be not furnished with expert Officers and Treasures if he have not very good intelligences with the Lords Princes bordering upon those places which he pretendeth to assault lastly if himself too be not endewed with a soul courage truly great that he ought of necessity to have Forces and power to recuit himself cannot be doubted because otherwise his soveraign will presently crush him the inconstancie of his Souldiers will by disbanding leave him naked and sicknesses will help to take away some too so that in fine he will be reduced to nothing if he cannot repair his losses by recruits and new fresh Regiments That which gave the Romans such advantage over other Nations was first their discipline of War but secondly their Numbers now the means used to get such great Armies was to exercise those Enemies whom they had overcome in their Militia as Tacitus observeth on the Life of the Emperour Claudian and on the other side the Lacedemonians and Athenians not entertaining any Strangers though by them subjugated never brought any great considerable Armies for number into the field and consequently could never attain unto so great an Empire Next to the great numbers of Souldiers which he ought to have comes Treasures without which it is impossible to prevent an Army from wanting victuals clothes and necessaries and by consequence from disbanding Quintus Flaminius seeing Philopoemon Captain of the Grecians with a great Army both of Horse and Foot but without any mony laughed at him he hath indeed quoth he store of Legs and Arms but no Belly meaning by like that he wanted wherewithal to feed them Caesar how great a Souldier soever and how valiant soever his Souldiers were brake open the Treasure Gate at Rome contrary to Motellus the Tribunes will for he wisely foresaw that it would be impossible to give a good account of the War without he were provided with store of Treasures Next of all I come to expect Officers who are not lesse needful because they are as the soul of the Souldiers and as it is true that a Body cannot move without it's soul neither can any Souldiers do any thing considerable if not conducted by the example of their Commanders and instructed how where and when they ought to fight And then ought he to hold good intelligence too with the Grandees and those places which border upon that part which he designeth to attaque for otherwise his Convoyes will be stopped every day will make some hole in his Coat and they will serve for retreits to his Enemies to contrive Ambushes and designs against him For this Reason it was that James King of Scotland contriving to make War upon Henry the eighth King of England was careful to hold intelligence with the English who else might have endangered and troubled his Forces that Hannibal assaulting the Romans first made sure of the Spaniards French and Africans and that the Romans bending their powers against Philip of Macedon first sent their Ambassadors to make a League with Ptolomei King of Egypt Lastly and most especially he himself ought to be of a genius and courage every way truely extraordinary for every day he must be exposed to new dangers the successe of the greatest part of his affairs will depend upon his own prudence and addresse the least distrust or fear that shall appear in him will drive away whole troops from him extraordinarie designs requiring a proportionate conduct to carrie them on in regard Revolts have the more need of Fortunes assistance because they are the most hazardous exploits in which a man can ingage never any mean Low heart arrived to any good succusse or Fortune by them These are the chief things necessary for a great enterprise and they that engage themselves without these do rashly run the hazard of their own destruction It is only by the want of these supports that so many Authors of Revolt have gone out with shame and confusion Divers Religious persons settled in the Hugonot Provinces by the Cardinal's diligence and industrie THE Cardinal was not idle though he had weakned the Hugonot Towns diminished their power and clipt the wings of their Rebellion but he endenvoured at the same time their conversion To this end his Majesty was perswaded to settle divers Preachers and Religious persons who behaved themselves with great zeal and courage The Cardinal was not indeed lesse expert at Theology then Policy so it was unreasonable but that he should be stil careful as well at this as at his Arms. His Piety let him so seek out occasions for it and having at last found out by divers conferences which he had with the Duke of Trimouille that he was not averse from being instructed he himself would needs take the pains to become the chief instrument of his conversion He bestowed divers houres of his leasure time to that purpose and there being nothing which is equal to his doctrine and the clearnesse of his soul he soon discovered such lights to him as quickly cleared all his doubts and dissipated those mists which error had laid upon his eyes The Duke of Trimouille converted to the Catholique Faith by Monsieur the Cardinal THE Duke of Trimouille was a person very moderate and temperate in all his actions his very youth was without heat and passion neither had he any of the pride and insolency which is too usual with those of his birth and as moderate sober men are more desirous of instruction then the contrary sort so he was contented to be guided by the hand of God yet would he see the truth and first be convinced of certain scruples and difficulties which did arise in which till then he could not be satisfied but having bin so happy as to be instructed by the Cardinal it was the easier for him to see and leave his error in regard the incomparable soul of this grand Minister did so

besides the blemishing of their glory with the brand of ignorance do withal render themselves undeserving to be assisted in like necessities There is not any Prince who is not a●med at in his turn or able alwaies to subsist by his own force many times they are necessitated to stoop under the armes of an invader for want of the assistance of their confederates who forsake them as they were before forsaken by them If a King may with Justice defend the weak and his confederates doubtlesse he may as justly imploy his power to revenge an injury God who hath intrusted the Scepter in the hand of Kings hath also obliged them not to permit that the respect due to their Soveraign Majesty be violated by any other Prince as well as to maintain their Subjects within the bounds of their obedience He hath given them a Sword to correct any indignities offered to their Crowns There is not any one above them who is Arbitrator of their quarrels they are legal Judges of their own differences and in this Independency God hath given them power to take up Arms to carve their own right It is enough to justifie their War if the Princes against whom they fight haue given them occasion and the misfortunes which inevitably follow the disorder of Souldiers cannot be imputed but unto him who first gave the occasion of taking the field A Kingdome would be very defective as Aristotle observeth if the Soveraign had not Authority to ch●stise with his Arms him who hath injured him in like manner saith he as the body of creatures is not perfect if unable to repell those objects which offend it So an estate is not in that perfection which it ought to be if destitute of power to repay any injuries done against it The Justice of the Kings Alliance with the King of Swede THere is no doubt but the Alliance of the most christian King with him of Swede for the defence of their common confederates was very just seeing the War it self undertaken by the King of Swede was just and that all Alliance contracted for the support of a just War is in it self justifiable Yet there was no device unassayed by the house of Austria to induce the World to condemn it The first reason by them alledged in discredit thereof was that it was undertaken in the defence of Heretick Princes but what reason was there so long to have invaded the States of other Princes under the pretence of Religion After Charles the Fifth had joyned the Imperial Crown to his Kingdomes of Spain and Italy with the Provinces of the Low-Countries he thought that having forces enough to re-conquer all those Countries which formerly belonged to the Roman Emperour he might with justice attempt it as if Kingdomes were the division of force and as if birth and succession of many ages were not bars enough to stop ambition Now as Germany is the Bulwark which serves all he States of Europe to defend their liberty as Henry the Second King of France writ unto the Princes of the Empire in the year 1552. he resolved to over-run it concluding that having once mastered it he might with ease invade France England and the rest of Italy The Emperor who reigns at present knew as well how important it was seeing in his letters sent to Zuinga chief Counsellour to the King of Spain he particularly nameth it the foundation of the Authority of the House of Austria Germany indeed doth so abound in men and riches that it is alone able to entertain Armies and those great ones for ever nay to supply the very Indies in case of a defect This is the true ground of the War and that which obliged the King of Swede to assist it although the Spaniards pretence was the rooting out of Heresie It is long since the great St. Leon writ to the Emperour Theodosius that men palliate their Passions with Religion but much more reasonably may it so be said of the Austrian Princes as Mariana hath well observed in his History that being it which makes so great an impression upon the people The World sees by experience how advantagious it was to them when Ferdinand usurped Navarre from his own Neece they themselves have seen that it wanted but little of putting our Scepter into their hands during the League It is the best title by which they hold part of both the Indies where they have put to death not only lawfull Princes but at least fifty Millions of people with such cruelty that they have died the earth with blood and made Heaven to groan with horrour and well will they now make use of it to despoil the German Princes of their estates But who is ignorant of their injustice seeing that as the true Religion gives no right to Empires so force cannot deprive him of it to whom it falls by succesion Politique Observation HEresie doth no more dis-ingage Subjects from obedience to their Prince than infidelity but this being a point of Doctrine peradventure some mean capacity will make a scruple to believe it if only proved by the verity of politick maximes I shall therefore back it by the belief which the Apostles-left in the Primitive Church which the Father 's taught in their Precepts and Examples and which the ancient Christians did most religiously observe amidst their greatest persecutions Did not the Apostles St. Peter and Paul write to the christians in their Epistles at what time Nero made the earth tremble with his cruelty execrised upon them Let every one be subject to the higher powers For there is not any Dominion which is not established by God and those which now are are by his gift Whoever rebelleth against them opposeeth his Commandment and they who indeavour to shake off the yoke of their obedience expose themselves to damnation A Prince is God's servant it is not to no purpose that he holds the sword it is to make himself known for the Almighty's Officer He ought to be obeyed not only because he can punish but for Conscience sake neither are these the only exhortations left unto us upon this subject their Epistles are fraught with divers others so frequent that I need not recite them le●t I play the D●vine and forget the Historian Who likewise knoweth not how all the ancient Fathers of the Church would have sealed this Doctrine with their blood notwithstanding they lived under Atheistical and Pagan Princes who were as so many firebrands to Religion and sworn Enemies to our Faith S. Ignatitus writ very earnestly to the people of Antioch to perswade them to serve Justin● the Emperour and gave all Pagan Princes to understand by a learned Apologie that their hopes were in vain to force the faithful by the violence of their torments to worship Idols and false gods who in all other things would render a full and intire subjection to their Emperours Tertullian acknowledgeth none but God above Kings and confesseth that their commands tie the

of it said the place would assuredly be taken if he went not in person to releeve it and that it might so happen that his presence might save it and therefore that it was better to hazard this latter then to leave the former without remedy preferring his honour and the publick good before the particular consideration of his person The same courage carried his Majesty to the most glorious and honourable design that his good fortune with that of France could lead him to undertake which was forthwith to depart Upon the third of April he set forward from Paris and arrived at Rochel on Easter-munday Upon his arrival the Artillery both of the Forts and Ships saluted him and his presence so revived the Army that every one redoubled his courage and affection to behave themselves with resolution There were but the Marilacs and those of their faction who were troubled to see him on the Theater of his glory but the Laurels which his Majesty gathered there did serve to set forth unto what mis-fortunes a Prince is reduced when he is councelled by passionate advisers Politique Observation ONe of the most dangerous qualities that he who is Councellour to a King can have is to suffer himself to be transported with envy hatred anger or any passion whatever Wise Council is an affect of Prudent reason and it can be no longer Prudent when it is once darkned with the Clouds of some irregular motion The Irascible power being once master of Reason doth so obscure it that maketh men see no objects in their true colours and that Passion carrieth it away where ever it pleaseth with the same impetuousnesse as a hot metled horse draws a Chariot into Precipices that it is impossible to stay him It is reported that the Flowers of Egypt being watered by the vapours of Nile which are for the most part gross and earthy yeeld not any smell and it is no lesse certain that a Statesman with how great a Genius soever he be indued is no more capable to give good Counsel after he hath once given himself up to envy or hatred His Passion maketh him quarrel with truth it self and to approve of those Councels which are most prejudicial to the State that he may satisfie his own self-will The disgraces of others are his delights Factions are his joys and the ruine of those whom he would destroy is his sweetest and most pleasing spectacle neither is he concerned at the rise or fall of any one so he be satisfied in his own particular To this purpose the Poets feigned that Hercules being transported with anger knew not his wife or children insomuch that he tore them in pieces But how many other true and assured proofs doth History afford us That of England tels us how the Duke of York Henry the Eighths Favourite being dis-affectionate to Spain alwaies gave his Master advices in prejudice of Charles the Fifth and on the other side being full of good will towards France perswaded him to such resolutions as might continue the friendship which was between them Antiochus his Favourites being incensed against Hannibal caused him to be banished from the Counsel though he were a person very necessary and usefull to him In fine he who is mastered by Passion onely thinks of satiating himself for the obtaining thereof he disguiseth the disloyalty of his Counsels with so many fair glosses and specious colours that he may draw his Prince to that end he aimeth at by this means if his Prince have any confidence in him he will easily deceive him and quickly dead him into those mis-fortunes which he will soon perceive but too late to get clear of them All Soveraigns are not so fortunate as the Pisans who refused to make a War against the Florentines being invited thereunto by the Arch-Bishop of Milan for that Francis Gambacortij gave them to understand he onely advised to it out of hatred to the Florentines and not out of any advantage to their interests The Rochelois are summoned by a Herald to surrender to the King THe King being returned to the Army caused the Rochelois to be summoned by a Herald to surrender but their minds and answers were full of insolency so that his Majesty bended all his thoughts to make preparations for the fighting with the English Fleet at their first comming Divers Lords and Gentlemen of the Nation came from all parts to the Army for this occasion and to partake of the glory of his Majesties Arms every one of them were on fire to be ingaged with the English and the Rochelois that they might obtain a second victory against them Now it being expedient that he who commandeth an Army should exactly know the condition and number of his forces that he may the better resolve upon that which is necessary to be done the King thought fit to make a muster and to take a strict view of the Army He caused them to muster in his own presence which was no small satisfaction to him especially when he observed how dutifull they were and how well Disciplined not stragling up and down as formerly they were wont to do all which was an effect of the Cardinals admirable care Conduct and Prudence The Order which he had caused to be observed was this every eight days there was a muster of all the Souldiers every Regiment having a Commissary appointed to it to whom the Souldiers pay was distributed and not to their Captains as formerly had been the custome By this means the Captains were deprived of the power of mustring any foisted hirelings and every week there was an exact number of the Army that new recruits might be sent for if occasion did require This alteration you may imagine did much trouble divers Captains especially such as preferred their own Interests before his Majesties glory but it cannot be expected how advantagious it was to the Kings service who thus reviewing his Army found it composed of nineteen Regiments of foot and eighteen Troops of Horse besides a very great number of Volunteers insomuch that they were five and twenty thousand men compleat The King likewise took a view of all his Vessels and finding them to be in good order and enough to secure the Channel from the English he began to be impatient to see them appear that he might make them pay for the rashnesse of their attempts and signalize his own forces by a second Victory Politique Observation ONE of the chief cares a General ought to have is that he keep his Forces in good order that none of them run from their Coullors or muster any hirelings It is a businesse of so great importance that oftentimes Victorie dependeth on it as at Pavie where the ill successe which befell Francis the first is by divers Historians attributed to the defect of this particular for onely looking over the Commissaries Roules he thought there had bin full as many Souldiers as were there listed upon which the fight was begun but