side then the Peasan in the Countrey which makes the Hollander oftentimes bring thither French Salt back again and gain by it One shall see somtimes the poor Roturier or yeoman to go from the market with his pockets cram'd with salt to avoid paying the gabel and women steal it home in their purses Now touching such an affluence of all things in France besides which you insist upon my Noble Cosen it may be so but then surely ther is the worst kind of government there upon earth and the most unproportionablest divident made of that plenty for I dare avouch France doth abound with beggars more then any Countrey under the Sun One cannot ride upon the high way but he shall have swarmes of little mendicants sing before his horse head as also when he remounts the next day The poor Vigneron and Husbandman go in their wooden shooes and canvas breeches to Church upon Sundayes and if their wifes have a buckram petticot she is brave Therfore wheras you say that France is the freest and frankest Countrey in the World and that she draws her etymology thence she may be so to strangers and passengers but for the Natives I beleeve they are the arrand'st slaves upon earth they are of a meer asinin condition not only in relation to the King who so grinds their faces with taxes but they are villains also to their Lords I will produce one example for all The Lord of Chasteauroux or red Castle in Berry had a Tenant that by his industry became Bourgesse of Paris Le seigneur vendica son serf qui s'estoiâ—… retiré et obtint la provision the Lord in open Court demands his slave which the Court could not deny and so pass'd sentence accordingly You say noble Cosen that France is adorn'd with all vertues truly I do not see how vertue can cohabit where such furies do tyrannize I am sure that Scaliger speaks of som parts of France quae ab omni humanitaâ—…e et literis vasta est ubi librorum et bonorum hominum maxima solitudo est Som parts which are void of all humanity and literature where ther is a kind of solitude and wildernesse both of books and good men Touching the magnanimity and prwoesse of the French 't is tru they did achieve som brave things while the German bloud continued fresh in them and untainted Cicero saith that Caius Marius by his divine vertu and valour influentes in Italiam Gallorum Copias repressit that he repress'd those swarmes of French who rush'd into Italie but Caesar who was a better Historian then Cicero saith they were Cimbri and Teutones both which are High Dutch as also those which Brennus brought to sack Rome and afterwards took Delphos from the Greeks Touching the French courage we know the trite proverb that the French are at the first onset more then men and afterwards les then women Indeed Florus sayeth Habent eorum corpora quiddam simile cum suis nivibus quae mox vt caluêrs pugnâ statim in sudorem eunt et levi motu quasi sole laxantur The French bodies bear some analogy with their snowes for as soon as they are heated in fight they vapour into sweat and they are as it were thaw'd by the Sun at the least motion But your Highnesse seems to extol mightily the power of the French King indeed 't is an old saying that Gallum in suo sterquilinio plurimum posse The cock Gallus can do much upon his own dunghill But this power is not so superlatif if we descend into the truth of things for touching the demeanes of the Crown the King cannot alienat one acre therof without the consent of the three Estates as ther is a pregnant example herof in the Assembly of Blois where Bodin lost the favour of Henry the third about this debate For the French King is by the law but an Usufructuary of the Crown possession nor could any of them be sold for the redemption of King Iohn in England though it was then propos'd nor of King Francis in Spain though this was the greatest necessity that could be We well know how often the Parlement of Paris hath clash'd with the King and rejected his Edicts Nor is the single testimony of the King valid enough in France to take away any ones life ther was a notable example herof in Henry the seconds raign who when he had commanded an Italian servant to be clap'd in prison and had solemnly sworn that he had found him in a most foul offence yet the Kings affidavit could not prevail with the Judges but they releas'd the prisoner But now the integrity and stoutnesse of those brave ancient Legislators and Judges in times past is much diminish'd because Kings do use to lend their eares to Parasits Sycophants and Buffons rather then to Helvidius Priscus Monsieur Lavacre or such Sages Ther is a tale of Bajazet the first that he had an Ethiop born in India about him and having upon a march one day his tent pitch'd nere a high tree he call'd the Ethiop and sayed Dre Areb if thou lov'st me go up to the top of that tree the Indian scambled up presently so the Emperour sent presently for som to hew down the tree the poor Ethiop begging his life all the while and that his Counsellors wold intercede for him but nothing prevailing the Ethiop pull'd down his breeches and with his Excrements and Urine did so beray the hewers that they gave over work and in the interim the Ethiop gets down telling the Turks Counsellors Wold all such Privy Counsellors as you were so beray'd whose oouncel cannot do as much as my Excrements The French Kings use to have many such weak Councellors Touching the unlimited power the French Kings have to make pecuniary Levies and lay taxes I pray hear what Philip Comines sayeth one of Lewis the xi chiefest Councellors of State and whom he employ'd in the most intricat and arduous ocasions Nemo omnium est Principum qui jus habeat vel teruncium vnum exigendi a suis praeter constitutum annuum censum nisi populus assentiatur sunt quidem principes quibus hoc frequens est in Sermone vt dicant habere se privilegia vt quantum velint exigant a populo Galliarum vero Rex omnium minimè causam habet vt istud de se jactet nec enim vel ipsi vel cui vis alii licet Ther is no Prince that hath right to raise the least farthing of his subjects besides his settled revenues without the peeples consent 'T is tru ther are som Kings who have it frequently in their mouthes that they have such praerogatives to impose what they please but the King of France hath the least cause to vaunt thus of himself The Exorbitancies of the French Kings this way hath bin the ground of all the warrs that were wag'd pour le Bien public for the common good which have harass'd France so often Charles the
account others will have that River called so because that thirty other Rivers do pay her tribute and disemboke into her There is in this County a Lake of an admirable nature that no beast will enter into though pursued never so close by dogges for they will rather dye than goe in and as Necham hath it this Lake is Prophetique for when her waters roare it is a presage of some ill Rugitu lacus est eventus praeco futuri Cujus aquis fera se credere nulla solet Instet odora canum virtus mors instet acerba Non tamen intrabit exagitata lacum Shropshire for amenity of soyl and neatnesse of well pav'd streets yeelds to none She is a Peninsula compassed about every where with the Severn except one little neck of land so that she beares the form of a horshooe Cheshire her neighbour is the Shire of men she affords also good store of salt there is no Shire that is fuller of Gentry Hereford is a delicate little County very frugiferous for passengers as they goe along the highwayes may pluck Apples Peares and Plums off the trees without offence she hath good store of Marble and her Lemsters ore or wool yeelds nothing in finess to the Spanish or that of Apulia and Tarentum and judge you of the salubrity and wholsomnesse of this County when in the Town of Hereford there was a Morris-dance of tenne men taken up on the Welsh side that made above a thousand years betwixt them the one supplying what the other wanted of a hundred and one Philip Squire the Tabourer and Bess Gwin the Maidmarian were above a hundred a peece Caermarthan old Maridunum the Court of the British Kings is a gentile County Giraldus speakes of a Well there that in imitation of the sea doth ebbe and flow every four and twenty houres Then you have Pembrockshire where there are many Families of the Flemish race that were sent to colonize there by King Henry for bridling of the Welsh This Country is call'd little England beyond Wales because the English tongue is so frequent among them This County is also celebrous for Milford Haven the most comodious and capacious Port in the world for a thousand sayles of Ships may ride at Anchor there in severall Creeks and one not in sight of the other and from hence she takes her denomination She hath also an ancient stately Temple at Saint Davids call'd Menevia the seat of an Archbishop in times past it stands in a solitary by-corner of the whole Isle a place fittest for contemplation and for sequestring the spirits for holy exercises of any upon the earth Next is Cardiganshire which hath the River Towy that affords rare Salmon which fish thirsting after fresh water doth use to put himself in a circle and by a naturall slight taking his tayle in his mouth will spring and leap up three cubits high over Wears into the fresh water whence he cannot goe back as Ausonius hath very elegantly Nec te puniceo rutilantem visâ—…cre salmo Transierim latae cujus vaga verbera caudae Gurgite de medio summas referuntur in undas Mâ—…n gomery shire hath good Horses Merioneth shire hath a famous Lake call'd Pimble meare which the River Deva runnes through and goes out of the same bignesse as she enters but that which is wonderfull is that there is a Fish call'd Guiniad which the Lake breeds and cannot abide the river and the river hath Salmons that cannot abide the Lake water which Leland describes very hansomly Illud habet certè lacus admirabile dictu Quantumvis magna pluvia non aestuat atqui Aere turbato si ventus murmura tollat Excrescit subitò rapidis violentior undis Et tumido superat contemptas flumine ripas The River Conow makes Arvon pretious where there are Musles bred wherin there are plenty of pearl found insomuch that I had it from a good hand that one of those pearles was sold for two hundred and fifty Crownes Denbigh and Flintshire are wholsome high crested Countreyes Now for the County of York it may be called a little Kingdome of it self for the spaciousness of it being halfe as bigge as all the fix United Provinces in the Netherlands There is a famous Quarrey there whence is digged a Free-stone which is soft at first but receives hardness and incrustation by the air There is also a rare Well called Dropping Well which transmutes wood into stone there is Mougrave Castle where there is good store of Rozin with Jet and Agat stones which is ranked among Jewels as Marbodaeus sings wittily Nascitur in Lycia lapis prope gemma Gagates Sed genus eximium faecunda Britannia mittit Lucidus niger est levis levissimus idem Vicinas paleas tâ—…ahit attritu calefactus Ardet aqua lotus restinguitur unctus olivo Among other properties of this Stone it burns in water and that burning is extinguished onely by oyl In this Province stands Scarborough Castle highly mounted the Sea underneath is almost as full of fish as of water and this the Hollanders know well when they fish there for Herring with the leave of the Castle not otherwise so that it may be said the English doe reserve the honour to themselves but pass over the profit to others There is Rippon Temple famous for Saint VVilfrids Needle which is a hole to try the chastity of woemen and onely the honest can passe through it There is Halifax who hath a peculiar mode of punishment which is an axe tied to a pulley which falls down upon the neck of the Malefactor and chops it off in a trice and heretofore they were us'd to punish first and examine the cause afterward In this County there is a jolley Port Town call'd Kingston upon Hull which hath the true resemblance of a Low-country Town for she lies so low and flat that she can inound and overwhelm the Country four miles land-ward The Metropolis of this County is Eboracum called York where a high Provinciall Magistrate was used to keep Court to determine all causes from Trent to Tweed This City hath been famous for the residence of Emperours for Severus had his Palace here Antoninus Augustus died here and breathing his last he sayd Turbatam Rempublicam ubique accepi pacatam Britannis relinquo I found the Commonwealth full of troubles I leave it peaceable A hundred yeares after Severus Flavius Valerius Constantinus having got Constantin the Great by his former Wife Helene a British Lady kept his Court here I will now to Richmondshire whose Mountaines swell with three severall Commodities with Brasse Lead and Cole The River Swale runnes hard by celebrous and sacred in regard the story speakes of ten thousand Pagans that were baptised and regenerated there in one day by Paulinus Here dwels the fruitful race of the Metcalfs whereof one of them being Sherif brought three hundred of his own name in Blew-coats to wait on the Itinerant Judges at the Grand
the first restaurator of learning in Germany 10 Leunclavius compild the History of the Mahumetans while he was Ambassador for Rodolphus in Constantinople 11 Lovain had 4000. Weavers loomes in the yeer 1330 13 The English first taught to make cloth by the Lovantans 13 Lubecks beer medicinall 18 Of Lorenzo de Medicis a memorable passage 22 Leo the tenth born for the restauration of letters 24 London and Genoa compar'd in Ingratitude and why 26 Latin toung two thirds Greek 38 Languages descanted upon 61 Laval in the raign of Francis the first a corpulent gentleman was the first Inventor of Coches 63 Lipsius his opinion of Oxford 44 Of London Englands Imperiall chamber 44 A Libell in Spain against the Jesuitts and another in France 18 Of love to ones Countrey 31 M MAn not tied to one place no more then a bird or fish 3. in the proeme Man Lord of all elementary creatures by divine charter 3. in the pro. Machiavill rebukes his Countrey men because they us'd German Mathematicians 10 Magdeburg the Metropolis of Germany 16 Many errors of the Ancients musterd up 17 The monstrous trade of Antwerp in times pass'd 20 The marvailous riches of Antwerp when she was plundred by the Spaniards 20 The memorable History of a Duchesse of Bavaria of conjugall love to Guelpho her husband 22 The miraculous story of a Countesse in Holland who brought forth so many children as dayes in the yeer 24 Lituania in some parts doth offer sacrifices to the Devil the maner of their worship 7 M. T. Cicero the great standard bearer of Orators 23 A maxime of Ilanders 35 A modest saying of Iulius the third though an odd one 37 A mighty clash 'twixt the Pope and the King of France 39 Moses Gods Chancelor 2. in the pro. Mets put bounds to the conquests of Charles the fift 43 Of the great Massacre in France and the horrid comet that follow'd a little after the eminent men that were slain 54 Medalls with the inscriptions after S. Bartholome massacre 55 Of Marseilles in France a Greek proverb 61 The Marquis of Ancre most barbarously murtherd 63 Of Maurice Prince of Orenge his speech upon his death bed 37 N NAtures Great Ordinance 2. in the pro. Nilus hath a strange property 7 Norimberg one of the most ingenious towns in Europe 13 A notable saying of Valentinian touching the French 24 The Normans a valiant peeple issued from Germany 25 How they came to be call'd Bygods 25 The Normans elegantly characteriz'd by Roger Hoveden 25 Notable exploits of the Germans against the Romans 25 The Normans chas'd first the Saracens out of Sicily 25 A notable resolution of the Gosack 5 No learning at all left in Greece at this time 37 A notable saying of Borgia Pope Alexanders son when he had lost 100000. crowns at dice 37 The notable cunning of Aeneas Sylvius touching Rome 39 Nogaret the French Ambassador takes the Pope a cuff under the eare 39 A notable letter the Greek Churches writ to Iohn the third 39 The notable speech of Charles the fift to Seldiâ—…s at Flushing 11 No River so full of Meanders as the Sein in France 14 Narbon curiously characteriz'd in Latin verse 41 A notable example of sacrilege 49 Of Nations in general their dexterity 51 Three notable stories in Germany 34 O THe occasion of this meeting 1. in the pro. Otho the Emperour scap'd imprisonment in Greece because he spoak the language so well 11 Of Mary Q. of Hungary a remarkable passage 21 Of the glory of the Emperor the Electors 26 Of Charlemain the first founder of the German Empire 26 Of the famous men in Poland 3 Of ploughs and culters of wood to which the pole doth attribut a kind of Divinity 7 Of some positions of the Canon Law 38 Of the Canonists who are great champions for the Pope 38 Of divers Emperours who summond Generall Councells 41 Of divers Popes who were elected and chastiz'd by Emperors 41 Of Italy France and England a proverb 57 Of the Jesuits their rise their progresse and policy all factors for Spain their strange tenets how they tugg'd to get into Paris how they were banish'd Venice Of the Indispositions of the Spanish monarchy 26 Of the gastly death of Philip the second and many circumstances belonging to it his Epitaph Of Portugall and her pittifull sterility Of the strongest Forts upon earth 34 The Opinion of an Italian touching the strength of England 38 The Order of the golden Fleece more proper to England then to any Countrey els 40 Of York the Seat of Emperours 47 Of Scotland 48 Of Ireland 49 Of the lightnes of the Britains 53 Of the prerogatives of the Emperour 48 Of curing the Kings evill by the French King the opinion of Crescentius 68 Of the base Ingratitude of the Scotts 65 P IN praise of Peregrination 3. in the pro Poyson cur'd in a strange way 6 A proverb the Italians have of the Germans 12 In the praise of Poland 1 Of the Perusian Ambassadors employed to the Pope a facetious passage 1. in Pol. Poland hath salt pitts under ground like palaces 1 Poland a very plentifull Countrey 2 A Polonian marchant nam'd Vernicius being Consull of Cracovia was rich to admiration famous entertainment he gave to 3 Kings 2 The Pole delights not much in sumptuous buildings 2 There were nine score talents erogated out of Garlik Onions and Leeks towards the building the pyramids oâ—… Egypt 2 The Pole measures his house by his own body 2 The Pole goes beyond all for manly attire 2 The Pole confines upon two potent neighbours the Turke and the Russe 4 The brave answer that Stephen King of Poland gave the Turk 4 Potts found naturally shapen in the earth neere Streme 4 Poland hath had very victorious Kings they are reckon'd up 4 King of Poland created a perpetuall friend to the Empire 5 Philip the second would not refer to the Pope the right to Portugall 39 The prerogative of the German Diet 1. in the proeme Plato against forren travell 1. in the pro. The famous pilgrimage of Otto the third to a saint in Poland the story belonging to it 4 The Pole can bring into the field 150. thousand fighting men 5 Of the Polish Nobility 5 The Poles three parts of foure are Arrians 8 In some Polish words there are 10. consonants to one vowell 9 The Polish words as so many stones thrown at a mans brain A proverb of Hungary 19 The power of Pisa in times pass'd when she had 100 gentlemen that could put every one a gally to sea upon his own charge 27 The power of Genoa in times pass'd ibid. Of Philip the second his consciousnes before he invested Portugall his sage cariage about his son before he died 12 Of the perfidiousnes of the English against the old Britains 34 Of Printing and Gunns 39 R. ROme recovered Learning by Urban the 4. who sent for Thomas Aquinas 23 As also afterwards by Cosmo
France ther 's not a word syllable or letter of the Law but they will draw you arguments of strife from them for the propagation of Pleas. Nor is Justice lesse abus'd there by the multitude of Lawes which is beyond belief which the subtile capacities and working brains of that peeple use to wrest and distort as they please making therof a nose of wax As also the revocation of Ordinances and Arrests which is so frequent among them In so much that as Baudius observes the high supreme Court of France whose authority was held so sacred doth retain little of its pristin ancient Majesty the King Edicts which they verifie being so commonly repeal'd Now as in a working tempestuous Sea ther is not a drop of water stable and quiet but one wave struggles and thrusts one another forward and backward Or as a Shipp under sayl wrestleth as she makes her way with the tumbling billowes so France may be sayed to be over-whelm'd with an Ocean of confusion And as France at home is so subject to acts of oppression and injustice so whensoever she hath taken footing in any Countrey abroad her children shew themselves what they are and who was their mother by ther insolencies and extortions They corrupt the manners of all Nations where they com with their fashions and levity They do not only corrupt the mind but they infect the body with their foul disease and leave stigmatizations behind them Had the French administred justice in Sicily or had they comported themselves with that humanity prudence rectitude and moderation they shold have done the Sicilian Vespres had never happen'd when the Natives patience so often abus'd turn'd to fury and made a solemn conjuration to free themselves of them for their tyranny violation of virgins scortation ravishments stupration and insupportable taxes wherupon by a national unanimous consent and at the sounding of a bell they dispatch'd 8000. French into the other World not sparing the pregnant wombs and embryos ther was such a mortal hatred generally conceived of the Nation Having pittifully complain'd to the Pope Nicolas the third a little before imploring him that he wold cast out of Sicily that ill spirit wherwith she was so miserably possess'd so Charles Duke of Anjou brother to St. Lewis having tyranniz'd in Sicily 17. yeers was suddenly put out of his new Kingdom and the society of mankind all at once with all his proling Countreymen And he was ejected the same way as he entred which was by bloud for when King Manfredus was defunct a young Prince Conradinus the lawful Heir descended of the Imperial stemm of the Hohenstauffens was to succeed but he was betrayed by a Fisherman and surpriz'd and together with the Austrian Duke Frederique he was barbarously butcher'd Which made an Italian Author expresse himself pathetically Veramente di sasso sarebbe coluy che non fosse Truly he shold be made of stone that wold not be mov'd at such a cruel tragaedy that so hopeful a young King descending from so many Caesars with such a valorus Duke being both but youths shold be so basely made away and that by the councel of a Pope Clement the fourth which aggravat's the businesse much Ther is another pregnant example how the State of the United Provinces having made a voluntary election of the Duke of Anjou for their Governor being induc'd therunto by the Letters of the Queen of England how unjustly perfidiously and ingratefully the said Duke did carry himself with his train of ruffling French by attempting in a proditorious way to make himself absolute and independent but the cocatrice was crush'd in the shell and his design frustrated yet for his person and domestiques he was suffer'd to depart civilly and peaceably though ingloriously in point of reputation to himself and his Countrey This was the reward the French gave the Belgians notwithstanding that among many other demonstrations of confidence affection and trust they had made him Duke of Brabant and given him the title of Governor which titles he wold not desert but wold have them to his death which happen'd a little after such are the humors such the ambition of the French which made Henry Fits Allen Earl of Arundel who first introduc'd the use of Coaches into England disswade Queen Elizabeth from matching with the said Duke of Alençon because he had had sufficient experience of the inconstancy arrogance and levity of the French and that few of them had upright and just hearts Nor do the Kings of France pay the debts or hold themselves bound to perform the promises of their immediat predecessors for they say that they come to the Crown not as much by Hereditary as Kingly right as appeers by the answer which Lewis the 12. gave the Parisians who humbly petitioning for som Armes and Canons which they had lent Charles the 8. he told them that he was not Charles his Heir much lesse his Administrator So the Swisses demanding of Francis the second a return of those large sommes which they had lent his father receiv'd this short injust answer that he was not tied to the solution of any mans debts Nor do the French wher they com bestow the Indian disease and infect the bloud of their Neighbours but in one part of France they have another disease as bad and more ugly which is the leprosie for in the South parts towards the Pyrency Hills in the Countrey of Bearn and other places ther is a despicable kind of peeple call'd the Capots and in another dialect Gahets most of them being Carpenters Coupers Tinkers or of such mean mechanique trades whose society all men do shun and abominat because they use to infect others with their leprosie therfore they are not permitted to enter into any Towns and hardly to live in the Suburbs they have distinct stations apart in Churches when any dye they can leave no lands but only their moveables to their Children scarce having the same priviledges in their own Countrey that Iewes have in Italy and Germany But to resume the threed of my discourse a little before if the Kings of France be not tied to pay the debts and legacies of their parents and predecessors what law of honesty do we think can bind the vassals of France to do so Caesar and Tacitus had felt the pulse of this Nation sufficiently when they call them Levissimum hominum genus a most light race of peeple that they have more of imagination then judgment more words then common honesty Yet Francis the first could vapour as Lipsius hath it of him Etiamsi fides toto Orbe exularet although Faith shold be banish'd from among mortals yet she shold be found among Kings who shold be tied to performance by her alone and not by fear You pleas'd to say Noble Cosen Ernest that the Kings of France never die shall they be eternal and their faith so mortal I am not ignorant that Bodin goes very far in the commendation of
one of the deepest clerks of his time What a rare man and of heavenly speculations was Io de sacro bosco the Author of the sphaere which remaines yet engraven upon his tomb in Paris some ages after these the world of learned men did much esteem Reginald Poole Iohn Colet William Lillie Linacre Pace Cardinall Fisher Bishop of Rochester Sir Thomas More Latimer Tindall Baleus Tunstall men inferior to none as well for sanctimony of life as for rare erudition and knowledg Toby Matthew Archbishop of York another Chrysostom Thomas Stapleton Nic. Wotton Iewell Cheek Humphreys Grindall Whitgift Plowden Ascham Cooke Smyth Whitaker Perkins Mountagu those great speculative Lords Baeon and Herbert Andrews Usher that rare Primat Selden who knows as much as both the Scaligers Camden the English Strabo Owen another Martiall with divers excellent Dramatique Poets and it is a great wrong to the Common-wealth of learning that their works are not made intelligible in a larger toung then that Insulary Dialect Add hereunto that for Physicians and Lawyers both Civill and Common there are as profound spirits there as any on earth And as for learning so for prowess and magnanimity the Inhabitants of Great Britain have been and are still very celebrous And though there hath been alwayes an innated kind of enmity twixt the French and the English yet they have extorted prayses out of their enemies mouths witnes Comines Froissard and Bodin who write so much in honor of the English Nor do they herein complement or flatter a whit What a bold Britain was Brennus who liv'd long before the English took footing there what notable feates did he perform in Italy Greece and Asia so that the old Britains or Welsh in honor of that Heroe call a King after his name to this day viz. Brennin and there is a Castle in Wales of his name to this day How manfully did the ancient Britains tugg with the Romans who receav'd fowler defeats there then in any other Region which one of their Poets seemes to confesse when he saith Invictos Romano Marte Britannos The Silures who are a peeple but of a few small shires in Wales viz. Monmouth Brecknock and others being animated by the courage of their King Cataracus and provok'd by the menaces of the Emperour Claudius who threatned to extinguish the very names of them met his army in open field and cutting off an auxiliary Regiment which was going to recreut the Emperour under Marius Valens they utterly routed him In so much that Ostorius the propraetor of Britanny for the Romans resenting this dishonor died out of a sense of grief Charles the Great had to doe with them in three battailes wherein there was such a slaughter of his men that he cryed Si vel semel tantùm cum illis adhuc depugnandum foret ne unum quidem militem sibi superfuturum If he were to encounter the Britains but once more he should not have a soldier left him a saying proceeding from such a man as Charlemain that tends much to the reputation of the Britains But the Gaules are they whom the Britains galld having in so many victories left their arrowes in their thighs in their breasts and some sticking in their hearts which makes Bodin complain Gallos ab Anglis in ipsa Gallia clades accepisse ac pene Imperium amisisse That the French receaved many overthrowes in France herself by the English and had almost lost their Kingdom whereupon the Poet sings wittily Anglorum semper virtutem Gallia sensit Ad Galli cantum non fugit iste Leo. For how often have the French Kings with their Nobles been routed defeated and discomfited by the English Gray-goose-wing how often hath it pierc'd the very center of the Kingdom what notable rich returnes have the English made from France And what pittifull looks must France have when Edward the fourth got such a glorious victory at Cressy where above thirty thousand perish'd among whom the King of Bohemia was found among the dead bodies ten Princes eighty Barons twelve hundred Gentlemen and the flower of the French fell that day and King Philip of Valois did hardly escape himself to a small town which being ask'd at the gate who he was qui va la answer'd la Fortune de France the Fortune of France This made France weare black a long time But in another battail she had as ill luck wherein her King Iohn and David King of Scots where taken prisoners and attended the prince of Wales to England yet such was the modesty of that prince though conquerour that he waited upon King Iohn bareheaded at table this was such a passage as happen'd in King Edgars raign who had foure Kings to row him upon the river Dee hard by Westchester viz. Kennad Kind of the Scots Malcolm King of Cumberland Maconus King of Man and another Welsh King The English reduc'd France to such a poverty at that time that she was forc'd to coin leather money In divers other battailes in the raignes of Charles the fift sixt and seventh and Lewis the elevenths time the English did often foyl the French untill the war pour le bien public begun by the Duke of Burgundy Such a large livery and seifin the English had taken in France that for three hundred and fifty years they were masters of Aquitain and Normandy Nay Henry the sixt of England was crowned King of France in Paris And so formidable were the English in France that the Duke of Britany when he was to encounter the French army in the field thought it a policy to cloth a whole Regiment of his soldiers after the English mode to make them more terrible to the French What shall I say of that notable Virago Queen Elizabeth who did such exploits again Spain by taking the united provinces of the Low Countreys under her protection How did she ply the Spaniard and bayt him by Sea and Land how did she in a manner make him a Bankrupt by making him lose his credit in all the banks of Europe And all that while Spain could do England no harme at all touching the strength of which Kingdom you may please to hear what a judicious Italian speaks of it Il Regno d'Ingliterra non há bisogno d'altri per la propria difesa anzi non solo é difficile mà si può dir impossible se non é divisione nel Regno che per via de force possa esser conquistato The Kingdom of England stands in no need of any other for her own defense so that it is not only difficult but a thing impossible unlesse there be some intestin division to make a conquest of that Countrey Philip offer'd very fairly for her in the year eighty eight when he thought to have swallowed her with his Invincible Fleet which was a preparing three yeers she consisted of above 150. saile 8000. Mariners 20000. foot besides voluntiers she carried 1600. Canons of brasse 1000. of iron
and a hundred and twenty thousand granados of all sorts The Fleet stood the King in every day thirty thousand Duckets insomuch that Bernardin Mendoza the Spanish Ambassadour in France being in a private conference one day with King Henry the fourth assured him that viis modis that Fleet had stood his Master in above tenne Millions first and last from the time that she set sayl from Lisbon This Fleet look'd like a huge Forrest at Sea as she made her way Good Lord how notably did that Masculine Queen bestirre her self in viewing her Armies in visiting her Men of Warre and Ships Royall in having her Castles and Ports well fortified in riding about and in the head of the Army her self in discharging the Office of a true Pallas wearing a Hat and Feather in lieu of a Helmet Henry the fourth of France sent her seasonable notice hereof so that most of the Roman Catholiques up and down were commanded to retire to the I le of Ely a fenney place and others were secured in Bishops houses till this horrid cloud which did threaten the destruction of England should be overblown But this prodigious Fleet being come to the British seas how did the little English vessels pelt those huge Gigantick Galeons of Spain whereof those few which were left for all the rest perisht were forc'd to fetch a compass almost as far as Norway in 62. degrees and so got to Spain to bring the sad tidings what became of the rest There were Triumphs for this not onely in England but all the United Provinces over where a Medal was coyn'd bearing this Inscription on the one side Classis Hispanica The Spanish Fleet on the other side Venit â—…vit fuit She came she went she was But had the Duke of Parma come out of Flanders with his Land Army then it might have prov'd a black day to England and herein Holland did a peece of Knight-service to England for she kept him from comming forth with a squadron of Men of Warre How gallantly did the English take Cales the Key of Spain and brought home such rich plunder How did they infest the Indies and what a masse of Treasure did Drake that English Dragon bring home thence he made his Sailes of Silk and his Anchors of Silver Most noble Princes you have heard something though not the tyth that might be said of the early Piety and Devotion of the exquisite Knowledge and Learning of the Manhood and Prowesse of Great Britain but these praises that I give her is but a bucket of water cast into her Seas Now touching both King and people it is observ'd that there is such a reciprocation of love betwixt them that it is wonderfull the one swayes the other submits obeyes and contributes to the necessities and preservation of the honour and majesty of the King for which he receives protection and security Touching the Regall Authority and absolute Power and Prerogatives of the Kings of Great Britain it is as high and supreame as any Monarchs upon Earth They acknowledge no Superior but God himself they are not feudetary or homageable to any they admit no forraign jurisdiction within the bounds of their Kingdomes and herein they have the advantage of the Kings of France and Spaine yea of the Emperour himself who is in a kind of vassalage to the Pope and may be said to divide authority with him in their own Dominions No they have long time shaken off that servitude and manumitted the Crown from those immense sums which were erogated and ported from England to pay for First fruits for Indulgences for Appeales Palls and Dispensations and such merchandises of Rome How many hundred of years did England pay Tribute though it went under the name of Peter-pence to Rome think you no less than near upon a thousand from the reign of King Inas the Saxon to Henry the eighth From the Power of the Kings of Great Britain let us goe to their Justice let us descend from the Throne to the Tribunall Now such is the Divinitie of the Kings of Great Britain that they cannot doe any Injustice it is a Canon of their Common Law that the King can doe no wrong if any be done it is the Kings Minister the Judge Magistrate or Officer doth doe it and so is punishable accordingly such a high regard the English have of the honour of their King and such a speciall care the Kings of England have us'd to take for punishing of Injustice and corruption such a care as King Edgar had to free the Iland from Wolves and corrupt Officers are no better than Wolves which he did by a Tribute that he impos'd upon a Welsh Prince for his ranson which was to bring him in three hundred skinnes of Wolves every year this produced â—…o good effects that the whole race of Wolves was extirpated in a short time so that it is as rare a thing to see a Wolf now in England as a Horse in Venice Touching the care that the Kings of England us'd to have to enrich their subjects hath been us'd to be very great and to improve the common stock Edward the third that Gallorum malleus the hammer of the French he quell'd them so was the first who introduced the art of making of Cloth into England whereby the Exchequer with the publique and private wealth of the Kingdome did receive a mighty increment for Wooll is the Golden Fleece of England and the prime Staple-commodity which is the cause that by an old custome the Judges Masters of the Rolls and Secretaries of State in Parliament time doe use to sit upon Woolsacks in the House that commodum lanarum ovium non negligendum esse Parliamentum moneatur that they put the Parliament in mind that the commodity of Wool and Sheep be not neglected The Swede the Dane the Pole the German the Russe the Turk and indeed all Nations doe highly esteem the English cloth The time was that Antwerp her self did buy and vend two hundred thousand English cloths yearly as Camden hath it And great and antient are the priviledges that the English have in Belgium for since the year 1338 which is above three hundred yeares agoe when Lewis Malan Earl of Flanders gave them very ample immunities in the Town of Bruges since which time it is incredible how all kind of commerce and merchantile affaire did flourish among the Flemins for which they were first obliged to the English for the English Wooll hath been a Golden Fleece also to the Flemins as well as the English themselves because it was one of the principal causes of enlarging their Trade whereunto the Duke of Burgundy related when he established the order of the Golden Fleece Guicciardin makes a computation that the Traffique and Intercourse betwixt England and Flanders amounted to twelve millions yearly where of five was for woollen manufactures What an Heroique incomparable Princesse was Queen Elizabeth who wore the English Crown and
of learning who were marvellously famous for wisdom and knowledge This Iland doth partake with Creet now Candie in one property which is that she produceth no Venemous creature as Toads Vipers Snakes Spiders and the like and if any be brought thither they die It is wonderfull what huge confluences of birds do flutter about the shores of this Iland as also of Scotland which offuscate the broad face of Heaven sometimes and likewise such huge shoales of Fish A thousand things more might be spoken of these Ilands which are fitter for a Volume then a Panegyrical Oration I will end with the end of the World and that is the I le of Shetland which most of your great Geographers take to be that ultima Thule that terminates the Earth which lyeth under 63. degrees and the most Northern point of Scotland And now most Noble Princes since the most generous I le of Great Britain and her handmaid Ilands which indeed are without number doth as it were overflow with abundance of all commodities that conduce to the welfare and felicity of mankind and is able to afford her neighbours enough besides as the Hollander confesseth when he saith that he lives partly upon the Idlenesse and superfluity of the English Since the antient Britaines were the first displayers of Christianity in most part of the Western World Since of late years they have been such Navigators that they have swom like Leviathans to both the Indies yea to the other Hemisphere of the Earth among the Antipodes since that in the Newfound World they have so many Colonies Plantations and Ilands yea a good part of the Continent of America annexed to the Crown of England And since that Her inhabitants for Comelines and courage for arts and armes as the Romans themselves confessed whose conquests in other places had no horizon Invictos Romano Marte Britannos I say that all circumstances and advantages Maturely considered Great Britain may well be a Candidate and conte nd for priority and the Dictatorship with other Provinces of Europe For my part according to the motto upon Saint George his Garter Hony soit quimaly pense let him be beraid who thinks any hurt by holding this opinion which neverthelesse I most humbly submit to this Princely Tribunall ANOTHER ORATION OF THE Lord WOLF ANGUS BARON of STUBENBERG For GREAT BRITAIN Most Illustrious President and Princes MY most dear Lord and Cosen the Baron of Eubeswald hath made an Elogium of the noble I le of Great Britain as copious and as full of Eloquence as the I le itself is full of all things that are requisite for humane accommodation but most humbly under favour in this survey there are some things pretermitted which are peculiar to Great Britain and worthy the taking notice of one is the generous strong-bodied and dauntless race of Dogs which that I le produceth whereof Claudian makes mention Magnaque taurorum fracturi colla Britanni Britain hath Dogs that will break the huge necks of Buls I do not mean by these Buls those fierce and truculent White-buls which are found in the woody Caledonian hils of Scotland who are so wild that they will not touch any thing that men have handled or blown upon for they cannot only repell but they contemn the assaults of any Dog It was the custom of the Romans to bring in huge Irod Cages the British Dogges to Rome which in their Amphitheatres were put to tugge with huge wild beasts therefore there was an Officer call'd Procurator Cynegiâ—… in Britannis Ventensis The Keeper of the Dog-house among the Britains which Cuiacius would have to be Gynaecii not Cynegii viz. a Work-house for Women not a Kennell for Dogges And Pancirollus is of the same opinion when he saith Gynaecia illa constituta fuisse texendiâ—… principis militumque vestibus navium velis stragulis linteis aliis ad instruendas mansiones necessariis That those Gynecia or Female Work-houses were appointed to weave Garments for the Prince and Souldiery as also Sailes for Ships Beds Tents and other necessaries for furnishing of houses But Wolfangus Lazius holds to the first opinion Procuratorem illum canes Imperatoribus in illa Venta curavisse That the said Procurator did keep and provide Dogges for the Emperour Strabo saith further that Britanni canes erant milites the English Dogs were Souldiers and the old Gaules made use of them so accordingly in their Wars They are also rare Animals for Hunting and herein it is wonderfull what Balaeus hath upon record that two hundred and seventy years before the Incarnation Dordanilla King of Scotland did commit to writing certain precepts for Hunting and to be observed by his subjects which are yet in force Great Britain hath also the most generous and sprightfull Cocks of any Country and 't is a great pleasure to be in one of their Pits at that sport where one shall behold a Cock fight out his eyes and yet retain still his naturall vigour to destroy the other and if these brute Animals Beasts and Birds be thus extraordinary couragious we may well think the rational creatures may hold analogy with them THE ORATION OF THE LORD DANIEL VON WENSIN AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN Most Excellent Lord President and Princes NOw that I am to speak of the Britains I will begin my Oration with that of Ausonius Nemo bonus Britto est No good man is a Britain which ever since grew to be a Proverb God forbid this should be verified of all but I believe I shal rectify the judgment of those noble princes who spoak before me that as I observ'd when I sojourn'd there neither the Countrey of Great Britain nor her Inhabitants are generally so good as they by their perswasive and powerfull Oratory would induce you to give credit unto For as the English sea is unfaithfull and from Beerfleet in Normandy almost to the midst of the chanell is full of rocks and illfavourd ragged places wherin prince VVilliam son to Henry the first and Heir apparant to England and Normandy was cast away by shipwrack together with his sister and a great many noble personages besides so the nature of the Britains may be said to be full of craggs and shelfs of sands that vertue cannot sayle safely among them without hazarding a wreck England is not such a paradis nor the Angli such Angeli though styld so by a Popes mouth which you make them to be most Illustrious Baron of Ewbeswald First for the Countrey it self it is not sufficiently inhabited notwithstanding there be some Colonies of Walloons Hollanders among them The earth doth witnes this which wants culture and the sea is a greater witnes that wants fishermen Touching the first it is a meere desert in some places having no kind of agriculture though she be capable of it And for the other the Hollanders make more benefit upon their coasts then they themselves and which is a very reproachfull thing they use to buy their own fish
who with much Oyl and labour compil'd a Gigantic work viz. the Ecclesiastic History which for Magnitude for Method for Variety of Narrations for Expence and paines must be confess'd that nil oriturum alias nil ortum tale There is not nor will there be such a work I bring Bellarmine next to Baronius they were both purpurated and great Cardinalls great in Doctrine as well as in Dignity there was a great heap of knowledge lodg'd under their red Caps Peter Martyr Zanchius Paulus Venetus Isidore Clarius and Folengius two Benedictins were Eminent men For prudence of the Law how Celebrous is Alciat Pancirolus Albericus Gentilis Pacius Peregrinus Monochius Vaudus Mascardus Farinacius Surdus and Hondaeus What could Hippocrates or Galen know more in the secrecies and Operations of Physick then did Fracastorius Fallopius Hierom Mercurialis Aldrovandus Matthiolus Maranta Brasavolus Cesalpinus Baccius Iohn Baptista Porta Costeus Chlumna Ghinus Aloys Anguillara Tapivacius Taliâ—…otius who could make Lipps Noses Eares and Eyes so artificiall as if they had been naturall to the wonder of the spectator Within the whole circumference of Phylosophy what could be so criticall and recondit that Iulius Caesar Scaliger did not penetrate Fran. Guicciardin need not give place to any Historian old or new according to the opinion of Thuanus and Lipsius What singular men were Paulus Iovius Sigonius Bonamimicus Gyraldus Cardinal Bembo Cardan Gauricus Onufrius Hermolaus and Daniel Barbari Calepin Albertus Manucins Peter Aretin Pomponius Laetus Vergerius Picus Zabarella Piccolomini Magirus Bonciarius Ehinus Speronius Torquatus Tasso Paruta Ur sinus Ricobonus Superantius What rare Women for Morality and Erudition were Laurentia Strozzia and Olimpia Fulvia Morata Nor can Italy choose but be full of such exquisite learned spirits considering there are so many convenient Seminaries to plant them in so many brave Universities There is Rome the Mother of all There is Padoa her first Daughter there is Bolonia the subtillest Siena the pleasantest Florence the fairest Milan the profoundest There is Naples Pisa Papia Ferrara with divers others to the number of 17. in all therefore there must needs be good corne where there are such fields to sow it and such good culturage Nor hath Mercury only his Pavilions in Italy but Mars hath also his tents ther Military Vertue and Discipline never came to that height of perfection as it is there what notable ingenious Engineers doth she daily produce what new waies of fortification doth she daily invent how she reduceth all to rules of art so that any one is there a Mathematitian The Italian doth not rush rashly into danger as other blind bayards but he doth cast the action first into the balance of judgement to see whither it be feasable and then he continueth in one degree of heat all the while whether it be in assaulting or pursuing whither he makes a halt or retires he is still the same man in point of courage In matter of Treaty there is no Nation ever went beyond the Italian he was never cosend that way wherein he useth to shew resolution as well as reservednesse there is a memorable example of that when Charles the 8. came into Italy he advanc'd as farre as Florence where entring into a Treaty with the Duke he employed 4. Commissiones to the Emperors Camp whereof Caponi was one who hearing the propositions read by the Kings Secretary and finding them very high snatched them from him and toar them saying Frenchmen if you propose such high things go and sound your trumpets and Florence shall ring her bells and so he and his fellow Commissioners withdrew themselves suddenly from the Kings Bed-Chamber where the businesse was to be transacted This resolute comportment of Caponi startled the French and brought them to farre lower termes I should tire your patience too much if I should give a Cataloge here of all the great Captaines of Italy therefore I will instance but in few Who hath not heard of Farinata Uberti celebrated by Dante Castruccio was admir'd by all Scaliger Prince of Verona was fear'd by all Balbicino Draccio Sforza Gutamelata to whom the Venetians erected a brazen Statue at Padoa Piccinini Coleone and Feltrio Prince of Urbin Vitellio Ursini Liviano Macone Correggi Trivultio Gonzaga Davali Vastio and Prospero Colonna were all of them great Martialists and men of admirable conduct What shall I say of the Strozzi of Iacomo Medicini of Castaldi of Andrea Doria another Neptun and of Ambrosio Spinola a great Captain of sound prudence in Counsell and performance in the Camp What notable exploits did he do in high and low Germany how important was his presence at the siege of Ostend where 120. thousand soules found their Graves What a stupendous circumvallation was that of Breda how politiquely did he seaze upon the Palatinat but being commanded a farre off from Spain to raise the siege of Casale his great spirit not being able to brook it he said me han quitado la honra They have taken away my honor which made such impressions in him that he retir'd to the town of his Nativity Genoa and so march'd to Heaven But most Noble Princes excuse me that I have pretermitted so long one of your rank Alexander Farnese Duke of Pâ—…rma of whom Monsieur de la Noue his Enemy and one of the greatest Martialists in France saith Iamais Capitain n' eust plus de Iugement en la conduite d'vne Armee ni plus de justice en la discipline militaire Never Captain had more judgment in the conduct of an Army nor more Justice in the discipline of Warre Who doth not admire Americo Vespucio the Florentine who hath christn'd the New World which is held to be as big as the Old with his name Who doth not stand astonish'd at Christophoro Columba who may be said to be a greater Heroâ—… then Hercules for he discover'd a farre greater World and went far beyond his nil ultra Truly all Antiquity cannot parallel that exploit which he perform'd meerly by strength of wit and his rare skill in the Mathematiques for contemplating with himself that the Aequator the great Circle in the Heavens did divide the whole World into two equall parts and finding that there was such a proportion of Earth on the North-East side he concluded with himself that there must needs be so much on the South-West to counterbalance the Globe and make the Heavenly Circle to be just in his division and this speculation of his was grounded upon a true principle as it prov'd by the effect Though the Ligurians his Countrymen deem'd it a vain fancy Henry the 7. of England held it ridiculous Alphonsus the 5. a meer fancy at last this great Artist being in despair to find some Prince to patronage the Work he made his addresse to Isabella Queen of Castile a most pious and fortunat Lady who began to give ear and credit to him so accommodated him for the voyage which notwithstanding a thousand
contented only that the Vassall kisse their hands or hem of their Garment Nor doth the Pope return reverence to any other potentate by rising up bowing his head or uncovering his head to any onely to the Emperor after he hath kiss'd his feet he is afterwards admitted to kisse his hand and then he riseth a little and giveth him a mutuall kisse of Charity with an Embracement There is a cloud of examples how diver Emperors and Kings came to Rome to do their filial duty to the Holy Father and to have their Coronations confirm'd by him Iustinian did so to Constantine Pipin to Stephen the second Charles the Great to Leo the 3. Lodovicus pins of France to Sergius the 2. the Emperor Henry the forth to Paschall the 2. Frederic the first to Adrian the 4. But that was a notable Signal reverence which Lewis of France and Henry the second of England did to Alexander the 3. Who came both together and jointly attended the Pope a good way to his lodging he being on horsback and they both a foot Now it is one of the high Tenets of the Catholiques That the Pope is the only Free independent Prince upon Earth not accountable to any for his actions but unto Christ himself whose Vicegerent he is He cannot onely command but make Kings at least confirm them The King of Spain did not hold himself perfectly established King of the West-Indies till the Holy Father pleas'd to allow of it and confirm him Now touching the Title of Emperor there is a notable letter upon record which Adrian the 4. writ to the three Ecclesiastic Electors of Germany Romanum Imperium a Graecis translatum est ad Alemannos ut Rex Teutonicorum non ante quam ab Apostolica manu coronaretur Imperator vocaretur ante consecrationem Rex post Imperator Unde igitur habet Imperium nisi a nobis ex electione principum suorum habet nomen Regis ex consecratione nostra habet nomen Imperatoris Augusti Caesaris Ergo per nos imperat c. Imperator quod habet totum a nobis habet Ecce in potestate nostra est ut demâ—…s illud cui volumus propterea constituti a deo super gentes Regna ut destruamus evellamus ut aedificemus plantemus The Roman Empire saith Adrian the 4. was transferr'd from Greece to Germany therefore the King of the Teutons cannot be call'd Emperor till he be apostolically Crown'd before his consecration he is but King and Emperor afterward Whence therefore hath he the Empire but from us by the Election of his Princes he hath the name of King but he hath the Title of Emperor of Augustus and Caesar by our consecration Therefore he is Imperial by us c. that which he hath of Emperor he hath wholly from us behold it is in our power to give the Title to whom we please therefore are we constituted by God himself over Nations and Kings that we may destroy and pluck up build and plant c. Nor doth the Papall power extend to give Titles to Emperors but to make Kings It is upon record how Pope Leo made Pipin King of Italy Sergius made Stephen King of Hungary Pope Iohn made Wenceslaus King of Poland Alphonso King of Portugal was made by Eugenius the 3d. Edgar was made King of Scotland by Urban the 2d. Iohn de Brenna was made King of Ierusalem by Innocent the third Pope Pius the 5. gave Cosmo de Medici the Title of Gran-Duke of Tâ—…scany notwithstanding the opposition of Maximilian the 2d. and Philip the 2d. of Spain I saw in the Archives of Rome the names of those Kings who are Vassalls to the Pope and they are rank'd in this order and Bodins Cataloge agrees with it Reges Neapolis Siciliae Arragoniae Sardiniae Hierolosymorum Angliae Hiberniae Hungariae all these are or should be at least feudetary and hommageable to the Bishop of Rome Nor can the Holy Father entitle Emperors and make Kings and Gran-Dukes but he can as he alledgeth depose them if they degenerate to Tyrants or Heretiques he can absolve their subjects from all ties of allegeance As among other examples Innocent the 3. did to Iohn King of England and Sixtus quintus did to Queen Elizabeth Innocent the 1. did not onely thrust Arcadius out of his Throne but out of the society of Christians Anastasius the Emperor was excommunicated by Anastasius the 2. Pope Constantine anathematiz'd the Emperor Philippicus Gregory the third delivered over to Satan Pope Leo Isaurus and took from him all Italy Gregory the 7. excommunicated the Emperor Henry the 3. and Boleslaus King of Poland The Emperor Lewis the 4. was barr'd to come to Church by Benedict the 12. Otho by Innocent the 3. Frederic the 2. by Innocent the 4. and Peter King of Castile was quite thrust out both of his Throne and the holy Church by Vrban the 5. who made Henry the bastard capable to succeed him by a bull of legitimation and indeed that Peter was a hatefull Tyrant having murtherd many of his own Subjects and his Queen or the house of Bourbon with his own hands There is another high prerogative which the Roman Bishop claimes which is to summon Generall Councells which Montanus who was president of the Councell of Trent from the Pope did avouch in open assembly upon a design of removing the Councell to Bolonia where he among other things did positively assert and pronounce Caesarem nempe non Dominum aâ—…t Magistrum esse sed Ecclesiae filium esse se verò Collegas qui adsint Romane sedis Legatos esse penes quos ordinandi transferendi concilii jus erat Caesar was not Lord nor Master but Sonne of the Holy Church But he and his Colleagues there present were Legats of the Roman See whose right it was to ordain and transferre General Councells Moreover the Bishop of Rome hath a great stroake in preserving the Universal peace of Christendom and keeping Earthly Potentates from clashing one with another In so much that the Pope may be compar'd to that Isthmos of land which runns twixt the Ionian and Aegaean Seas keeping their waters from jusling one with another Nor is the Bishop of Rome thus powerfull only by his spirituall Authority by vertue whereof besides Patriarkâ—… Archbishops and a world of Bishops he hath 70. Cardinalls who are accounted equal to Princes and who as they are all of his making so are they at his devotion which number of 70. was limited by a solomn diploma or Bull of Sixtus Quintus and the election to be alwaies in December so many daies before Christmas which is a general Jubile of rejoycing for the Nativity of our Saviour And as these Cardinals are Princes Companions so have they revenues accordingly from the Common aerarium or Treasury of the Church which is an unknown thing and inexhaustible For as long as men have soules within them and believe there is a Heaven or Hell the