Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	henry_n	king_n	time_n	19,068	5	3.9779	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A63790	England's grandeur, and way to get wealth: or, Promotion of trade made easy and lands advanced; beneficial to particular persons, and to the kingdom in general; wherein many thousand of indigent poor families may be employed; breaches made in our trade by the French, Portuguese, Genoese, Swedes, Dutch and Danes, demonstrated. Furnishing funerals by undertakers, making buttons and shoe-buckles of various sorts of metals, a great detriment to weavers of tape, cotton, ferrit, and silk-riband, and in short to all other trades, the West India trade discouraged, ... the prejudice of trade by strangers, that are lodgers and inmates only, who by their monopolizing ways, have got estates, and then bid farewel to England, the cause of the rent of houses falling, the reasons why great taxes cannot easily be paid, laying taxes on the back and belly, the best way to raise money, which will hurt neither rich nor poor, provided navigation and free circulation of trade be maintained, and merchants encouraged. Reasons why we have not a more considerable trade now the war is ov	Tryon, Thomas, 1634-1703.	1699 (1699)	Wing T3178; ESTC R219413	13,963	31

part of the people being forced by pure necessity to retrench their expences in all Luxurious Commodities of which no more then is consumed in England are of value to the King for those that are Exported pays next to nothing most of the Customs being drawn back So that it is clear and manifest beyond Contradiction the want of Trading makes the generallity of the people grow poor of which our Experience hath made us too sensible already so that not only the Consumption of the forementioned Commodities but likewise of our Manufactures too will be lessened It may be some will object That the English Nation have never been used to have their Food and Cloathing Taxed so that it will be a hard Morsel to swallow I answer hereunto that before now we never had occasion for such great sums of Money and therefore as the sums are great and strange the Methods of raising them must be as universal and it will be well if the Nation can do it either by this or any other equal way or Method Now it is further to be noted that the principal cause and reason why we have suffered such great Shipwracks of late in our Trade hath been from the War so that our neutral Neighbours have had opportunity to increase their number of Ships and Seamen which by their considerable gain have wounded us to the very heart in the next place our Merchants and Traders are of as various Opinions and Notions in Trade both those that Trade abroad and such as Trade at home and for the most part so many Trades as there are so many Notions and Opinions they are of in those Trades they have been bred up so that if Traders do not know nor essentially understand and have not true universal Principles and Notions but disagree among themselves But it is not to be doubted that if the Exporters and all inland Traders and dependers or Craftsmen did agree in true universal Notions and Methods of Trade then our Country Gentlemen must be convinced and made sensible that it would be their principal interests to propagate and advance Trade which hitherto hath made this Nation richer than any of our Nighbouring Countrys and hath more than trebled in value every Acre of Land in England within the compass of one hundred years for about that time Trading and Merchandize did take its birth we having very little before for in King Henry VIII.'s Reign the Customs were not much more then Ten thousand pound Per Annum by which any person may easily Judge of Trade then and now and all Land Manufactures bore then a proportionable low value but it is to be noted that our great and as it were unheard-of Trade hath advanced within the compass of Fifty years when it came on with a rapid motion which was chiefly occasioned by the Wars and continuall devestations our Neighbouring Nations made one upon another and if any of them had Peace Seven or Ten years then new Wars were waged again so that by their Misery and Poverty England had the opportunity to invest themselves in the whole Trade of Europe and about the same time the West-Indies was settled to the very great profit and advancement of Navigation which hath now seen its best days and if the present Impositions lately laid on their Commodities be not eased many brave Plantations must of necessity sink and come to nothing or at least yield no profit nor advantage to England and will as it were cut of one of the principalest Branches of Navigation as has been already said for it is the great quantities of Bulksom Commodities that multiplies Ships and Men and that pays the King most Customs viz. Sugar Tobacco Cotton Ginger Wine and the like which Commodities can never be in any Quantity Imported nor consumed but only in such Nations as have a free brisk Trade and easie Duties to the Importer and where the Commonalty and working people have great Wages which renders them able to Drink and Eat them for that is the Mouth or Carrier that vends the most part of such things For this cause the Tradesmen and other common people of England have spent and consumed greater quantities of such things than half Europe the Tradesmen and poor of other Nations hardly knowing their names and much less their natures Now many do alledge that it is the Exportation of several Commodities that we bring for Returns from Foreign parts that affords the most benefit to this Nation which I agree to yet nevertheless there are many eminent Commodities which are Imported and pays the King considerable Duties which must be spent in England viz. Spanish Fruit as Raisins of several sorts Figs Pruens Currants Dates Almonds Rice Spice Silks Wines of all sorts c. the Consumption whereof since the dead Trading and high Taxes have been contracted into a narrow Circle and must be yet more if Merchants Traders and Tradesmen do not meet with more incouragement than they have lately or than they have a present prospect of so that it is most clear that the Consumption of such things at home is as profitable to the Nation as those that are Exported again for if we can neither consume them at home nor Export them abroad how should our Neighbours be able to pay for our Manufactures for which we have those Commodities in Exchange Some perhaps will object and say we may have money which cannot be but suppose such a thing could be effected what then would become of our Navigation for a few Ships would carry our own Manufactures and bring in Money and what support would this be to the Government for then all the Customs would not pay the King's Officers their Salleries more especially since our Markets are not so incouraging as formerly and hence it is that the Revenues of the Crown do decrease occasioned by the generall retrenching of expences I shall further add That the additional duties and high imposts laid on Merchandizes do either discourage the Trader or oceasion less quantities to be Imported making such things dear to the Subject and thereby the Consumption is abated because the people cannot reach to buy them which as has been said already will ruin our Plantations in the West-Indies The like is to be understood of great excises on several Commodities at home which does so advance them that thereby the common people consumes but a third or half the quanties they did when they were cheap besides high duties on some Commodities do as it were put a full stop to them so that they pay the King little or no duty nor Custom for if the imposts be greater than the interest it does as it were at once cut off all publick commerse and puts people on contriving indirect Methods and Ways how they may run such things by which means the King is deprived of his Customs and the universal use of the thing is lost and what is spent is made dear so that people cannot

c. who are paid but little better than Journeymen to Buy and Collect their Merchandises in Gross and at first hand whereby they obstruct and hinder the lively-hoods of many of our Tradesmen whose hands they would otherwise have passed through before they came to the Exporter as in former-times was usual And when these Factors have by their frugal living and Monopolizing methods obtained great Estates they then remit them into their own Countries and bid farewell to England wherein they have so much advanced themselves and have lived so free and easie from all Duties and Impositions being not only excused from any Office or Charge of the Parish but also to the King and Government when at the same time our own poor Tradesmen that are House-keepers and who have but a mean way of geting a Livelyhood are overwhelmed and oppressed with Taxes and Offices when these Strangers get the Money and bear none of the Burthens there being many thousands of those people for which there is no President in any other Nation for these incroachments are like Sheep fed upon the Cottshold-hills and black Cattle on the Welch Mountains which when they come into the Valleys or better Pastures will Improve and grow Fat whereas such as are bred upon the same spot or Pasturage can hardly live These are some of those Moths that spoil us in our Trade Another Consideration is that we have lost very much of our Navigation which appears from the unheard of losses Merchants have met with during the late War there having been many brave Estates sunk and others rendred weak and feeble The inland Traders have this advantage of the former viz. to spend what they have formerly got for want of a free and generous circulation of Trade which occasions many eminent Tradesmen of all sorts and such as were good House-keepers to shift and hide themselves in Lodgings and to follow the fashions of our neighbouring Nations which does and will prove very prejudicial not only to the Imployments of many People but to all such as have their Estates in Houses there being many hundreds in and about London that do not pay the King's Tax and other Casualties that happen which do not only mightily lessen the Consumption of our own Growth but more especially that of all Foreign Commodities and such as come from our own Plantations also as Sugar Tobacco c. Likewise Wine Spice Spanish fruit and a hundred other things for of late and at this time those Commodities are very low in Price notwithstanding the Merchants have not above a third or fourth of the quantities at Market as there used to be in peaceable times but especially of some sorts of them the principal occasion of this lowness and dead trading is we do not consume half the quantities we did formerly neither do we Export so much for our neighbouring Nations do and will furnish themselves from their own Settlements or Plantations and other parts which is another considerable wound to Navigation Now tho' some of the forementioned Imported Commodities are consum'd by some makes some of the unthinking sort to suppose that there is as much spent as ever yet the Dealers in those Commodities will inform us otherwise and to their great loss for the grand Consumption of those things do chiefly depend on the middle or common people viz. the Tradesmen who are numerous and as the Proverb has it Many hands make light work for every Tradesman is under a kind of necessity to spend in proportion to his Trade and Gain as for Example in several out parts of London there were within the compass of two or three small Streets Lanes and Allies two or three thousand working Tradesmen and such as belonged to them some of which Trades did get about twelve hundred pound per Week when they had full Employment and most of this momey was spent every Week in the Neighbourhood in strong-Drink several sorts of Flesh Bread Butter Cheese Sugar Spice Spanish Fruit and in Cloathing which caused a quick Circulation in all Business But now the Numbers of Labourers is not only lessened but those that are do work for less Wages and have not work enough neither which does likewise occasion the Rents of all Houses c to fall and in a little time those things will have an influence upon Land for Tradesmen did not use to matter whether they gave from Twenty to Fifty or Sixty pound for a House provided that their Trade was good but are not able to give such Rents now The like is to be understood in all Expences and Taxes to the King therefore the promotion of Navigation and a free Trade gives life to the Trading People more especially if the Customs and Imports be made easie for great Weights and Burthens laid on any particular Member will not only discourage it but must cause it to sink and perish besides Merchants are as is said before the Engines of the whole Nation and if encouraged have an innate power to set all hands at work and to advance all the Manufactures and Productions of the Nation and render the whole capable not only to live well and spend Money liberally but to pay Taxes as freely Now great Taxes cannot as is mention'd before be born by any particular part of the people without endangering their ruin more especially the Importers and Exporters because they are the High-ways and principal Gates that all Commerce must pass through which if in any degree be stop'd or obstructed the whole must suffer in proportion besides such Taxes and Impositions as are laid unequally on the people have hardly ever answered hitherto neither is it reasonable to think that they will for the future And indeed it seems to be a general opinion that a small gentle Tax laid on the Mouth and Back would answer and supply the Nations present occasions and raise such sums as their necessities call's for without any manifest Burthen or Injury to them for the Belly will not be cheated besides then there would be many Millions of people more to pay that which now lies on less than one Million by this you bring in considerable numbers of Strangers Young People and Lodgers such as we before treated of who have hitherto shifted their necks out of the Collar many of them being Eminent and better able to pay Taxes than some Housekeepers both of our own Nation and others This way would hurt neither rich nor poor provided that Navigation and a free Circulation of Trade be maintained and Merchants in couraged for the sums of Money that are now wanted and that must be raised to make good the deficiency of former Funds and for the present supply of the King will be much more difficult to be advanced than ever for as Trading sinks so in proportion all things fall into a Consumptive State and therefore Taxes will rarely answer because the Commodities they are laid on are not spent and consumed as formerly great