black Pile A Wedge Purflu A border of Furrs Patonce A Crutch Patte Broad Poâ—x Pitch S. Sable Black Sanguine Of the colour of blood Saltire An instrument to scale Walls Shaporne A Hoad Scarpe A Scarf T. Tenne Red and yellow Torteaux A Cake V. Vert. Green Verday Of Flowers Voider A Looking-glass Versied Turned up-side down An account of several Cities Castles and other notable places when they were built by whom and in what Year before and after Christs Nativity besides things of Antiquity observable London BRute after a long and weary journey with his Trojans arrived in this Island and as the common received opinion is builded London and named it New Troy The first building lay joyning to Thames from the Tower to White Fryers It was first begun to be built in the year before Christ one thousand one hundred and eight York York nine hundred eighty seven years before Christ was builded by Ebrank then King of Brittain and was first named Kairbranck he builded Edenborough Carlisle It was by King Leil in the year before Christ nine hundred and seventeen builded Bath Bath was builded by King Bladud eight hundred sixty three years before Christ the said King had long studied at Athens and brought Philosophers to keep School here in Brittain Leicester That City was builded by King Laire eight hundred forty four years before Christ Billingsgate in London King Belinus four hundred and one year before Christ made it a Haven and called it Billingsgate Grantham It was builded by King Gorbamanus three hundred and three years before Christ Ludgate King Lud seventy years before Christ builded Ludgate and builded much on the west part of London Julius Caesar In the said King Luds reign and fifty four years before Christ he entred this Island Jesus Christ Born Cunobelinus reigned here in Brittain when Christ was born Southampton Was so named in respect of one Hamon a Roman slain and thrown into the Sea there by Aviragus then King of the Brittans forty four years after Christs Nativity Colchester Coilus one hundred twenty four years after Christs Nativity builded it Lucius the first Christian King One hundrrd seventy nine years after Christs Nativity Lucius King here in Brittain became a Christian and was the first Christian King in the world Stonehedge being the great Stones erected on Salisbury Plairs Aurelius Ambrosius King of the Brittans four hundred sixty six years after Christ erected that Monument over the bodies of the Brittish Nobility there slain and buried where they met in a treaty with the Saxons and were massacred traiterously by them University of Oxford Eight hundred seventy two years after Christs Nativity Alfred a Saxon King here ordained common Schools of divers Sciences at Oxford Hertford and Witham in Essex In the year nine hundred Edward sirnamed Senior King of the West Saxons builded Hertford and another Town at Witham in Essex Worcester By means of King Edgars erecting a Monanastery there it became a place of note it was nine hundred fifty nine years after Christ Leeds Castle Creneken a noble man in King William the Conquerors Reign builded that Castle Oxford Castle In the year of Christ one thousand seventy one Robert de Olley a Nobleman that came in with William the Conqueror builded it Durham Castle In the year of Christ one thousand seventy five King William the Conquerour caused that Castle to be built Carlisle Castle and Town The Town was re-builded by King William Rufus after it was destroyed by the Danes he likewise builded the Castle there New Castle upon Tine Was likewise builded by King William Rufus in the year of Christ one thousand ninety one Westminster Hall It was builded by King William Rufus in the year of Christ one thousand ninety nine Bristol Castle and Cardiffe Was builded by Robert Bastard Sonne to Henry the first who likewise builded Cardiffe The Temple in London Hereclius Patriarch of Jerusalem coming to King Henry the Second for aid against the Turks dedicated the Temple then new builded The first Mayor and Sheriffs in London In the year of Christ one thousand one hundred and ninety the Citizens of London obtained to be governed by two Bayliffs or Sheriffs and a Mayor Tower Ditch and the outer Wall of the Tower of London In the Reign of Richard the first William Bishop of Ely builded the said Wall and made the said Ditch Mayors of London Yearly chosen In the Reign of King John and in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred and eight was granted to the Citizens of London by Letters Patents that they should yearly choose a Mayor London Bridge The same year London Bridge was finished of Stone it was before of Timber Chartly and Besten Castles These Castles were builded by Ralph Earle of Chester in King Henry the Third's Reign and in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred and twenty Flint Castle It was built by Edward the First in the year of Christ one thousand two hundred seventy five Guild-Hall in London Was built in the Reign of Henry the fourth and in the year of Christ one thousand four hundred and eleven Sir Thomas Knowles Mayor Newgate in London In the Reign of Henry the sixth the Executors of William Whittington builded Newgate First payment of Custome By a Parliament in the year of Christ one thousand four hundred twenty five and in the Reign of Henry the sixth was granted to the King one shilling a pound of all Merchandize brought in or carried out of England and three shillings of every tun of Wine which was called Tunnage and Poundage Royal Exchange London Was builded by Sir Thomas Gresham in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth University of Cambridge Cambridge as 't is affirmed was first frequented with Philosophers and Astronomers procured from Athens in the Reign of Gurguntius King of Brittain and before the birth of Christ three hundred seventy five years Of other Cities c. Other Cities and Towns now considerable in England not here mentioned had their beginning by means of some Cathedral Monastery or Abbey there built which moved and drew people to inhabit near to it as Salisbury by reason of a Cathedral there built and a Bishoprick there erected came to the perfection as now it is and Exeter in regard of a Monckery anciently being there where now the Cathedral stands people after their being converted to the Christian Religion endeavoured to live and inhabit as near the said Monckery as they could It was walled round by King Athelstane The Castle is of a great antiquity An Alphebetical Table of the principal matters in this Book A. ANcient form of Government pag. 33 The signification of Charges and Devices in Armory pag. 53 B. Of a Baron pag. 30 C. Of the Kings Goronation pag. 3 Of the Kings Crown with its twelve Stones pag. 1 Significations of Charges and Devices in Coats pag. 33 D. Of Doctors pag. 10 Of a Duke pag. 32 Price of Diamonds pag. 54 E. Degrees of an Esquire pag. 28 Of an Earle pag. 31 England first inhabited by whom how and why named its Government pag. 46 Of the Kings Ensigns pag. 3 F. A Royal Feast the King present pag. 5 Funerals and rules to be observed therein pag. 43 Earlâ— Marshals Orders and Funeral Fees pag. 44 Proceedings of the Funeral of a Gentleman pag. 45 Proceedings from a Baron to a Dukes Funeral ib. G. Going to the Parliament in State pag. 6 Who are to be admitted Gentlemen pag. 8 How Gentlemen are to take place pag. 16 Of a Gentleman pag. 27 Who are Gentlemen pag. 26 Prices of Gold pag. 53 H. The Heraulds duty pag. 48 Explanation of difficult words in Herauldry pag. 54 K. Of Knights Batchelors pag. 29 Knights Titles ibid. Knights Bannorets ibid. Knights Barronets pag. 36 Orders of Knighthood in England pag. 19 Orders of Knighthood in Forreign parts pag. 21 M. Of a Marquess pag. 32 O. Officers of State how to take place pag. 15 P. Professions not Gentlemen pag. 10 Seven more laudable ibid. Precedency of Kings and Kingdoms pag. 14 Taking of place from a slave to a Baron pag. 17 Of a Prince pag. 32 The price of Pearles pag. 53 S. Seven Sciences Gentile with the Arms they may bear pag. 11 Sirnames agreeing with charges in Coat Armor pag. 50 Nine precious Stones used in blazoning for Nobility and their vertues pag. 51 V. Of a Viscount pag. 31 An account of several Cities Castles and other noteable places when they were built and by whom besides many things of Antiquity observeable pag. 58 FINIS
proclaimed by the King in matters of Religion or for the Kingdoms good which is the best A Gentleman In the Saxon language they were called Aedels which signifieth Elder or Chief but we have since from the French Borrowed the Roman word Gentilehome which imports men of Nations The word Gentiles was given to the Northern people during the Government of the Romans over them they then taking it to be a glory to them though otherwise meant by the Romans The priviledges that belongs to a Gentleman Read Sir Will. Seager For the Helmets that belongs to each degree of Gentlemen Look on Guillianus And for their Crowns See Carter Their degrees in England are divided viz. 1. An Esquire 2. A Knight 3. A Baron These three are esteemed noble besides there are five which are excellent to whom belongs Crowns and Coronets as 1. A Viscount 2. An Earle 3. A Marquess 4. A Duke 5. A Prince Our gracious King Charles the Second has allowed Crowns to Barons In Latine he is called Scutiger of these each Knight in times past had two to attend him in Wars and to bear his Helmet and Shield before him forasmuch as they did hold certain Lands of him in Scutage as the Knight did hold of the King by Military service This title came not in honorary amongst us till the Reign of Richard the Second though the Title as to the Office is far more ancient The ancient Saxon word is Scyldknappa which is a Shield Serviture Degrees of an Esquire 1. There is an Esquire by Birth as the eldest Son of a Knight and his eldest Sonne successively 2. By Creation to whom belongs the silver Spurs whence they are called white Spurs 3. By Office as Serjeants at Law Sheriffs c. But to them the Title dyes with them A Knight Batchelor The word Knight cometh from the Saxon word Cnight which signifieth puer or servus The French calls them Chaveleers the German Rutter both of riding or lusty young men Since the Conquest those that held Estates to serve on horse-back in the Wars are by the Lawyers stiled Milites Coming to be a reward and degree of Honour is thought to be in imitation of the Equestres Order in Rome The first using of Ceremonies at the creating a Knight was done by King Alfred Knighting his Grand-son Ethelston after it grew more precise and customary Knights Titles 1. Knight Bannoret 2. Knight Baronet A Knight Bannoret This was anciently an Order in France At his Creation he is led to the King or General with his Penon of Arms in his hand and there the Herauld declares his merit and the King or General causeth the point of his Penon to be rent off and he returns with Trumpet sounding Under the degree of a Knight Bannoret Supporters may not be born A Knight Barronet This Title was erected by King James for the propagation of a Plantation in Ulster in Ireland It is hereditary they are to take place before all Knights Batchelors or Knight of the Bath Their Augmentation is on a Canton Argent a Senister â—and couped gules A Baron This word is variously interpreted as from the word Baria which signifies grave authority or Baro which in Latine is the same with Vir which imports force The Danes were the first which brought in the use of this word The Saxons called the next to the King Thane as Thane of such a Castle Town c. A Viscount The word in Latine is Vice Comes which is interpreted from the Office of the person he is one to whom an Earle or his Lord committeth his Towns or Government of a Castle The title is derived from the same Order in France where they were onely substitutes to Earles till getting in power got also to have the power honorary and hereditary It is the same word which is for our Sheriff and began with us not till about the 18. of Henry the Sixth who then created John Lord Beamont Viscount by Letter Patent An Earle An Earle or Count is called Comes The reason for that denomination is uncertain The word Earle we had from the Danes from the word Earlick which signifieth honourable They were stiled Ealdermen till Cannius time the Dane Their Dignity and power heretofore was far more large then now Selden is of opinion they are in Latine called Comes of the society the King has with them A Marquess This word was first used to Earles and Barons that were Lord Marches or Lords of Fronteers and came afterwards into a Title of special Dignity above an Earle The title began in the time of Richard the Second The French and Germans prefer an Earle before a Marquess which is preposterous A Duke The word at first was a title of Office afterwards honorary and since hereditary The word comes à Ducendo from leading forch an Army Royal The Saxons called them Hertshog The first we finde in England was Edward the Black Prince A Prince In the Saxons time they were called Clitons from Klutos in Greek which is illustrious The first that was created in England was Edward the eldest Son of Henry the 3d. There are degrees of Nobility as of Nations and Cities For the Ceremonies at the Creating of the aforesaid Gentlemen read Sir William Seager and Fern. And for their priviledges read likewise Seager and Selden Ancient form of Government 'T Is upon good grounds concluded that the ancient Form of Government was viz. Under the King was substituted ten Dukes under one Arch-Bishop ten Bishops under one Duke ten Earles under an Earle ten Barons under a Baron ten Chatellanes or Constables unto whom was committed the keeping of some Castle or Fort under every Constable fifty men Significations of Charges and Devises in Coats A Helmet signifies Direction and Command A side-long Helmet denotes Attention and Obedience A Helmet full forward and open fac'd betokeneth Authority Direction and Command A Cross it was first bestowed on such as had performed or at least undertaken some service for Christ or Christian profession A Chief signifies a Senator or honourable Man A Pale denotes the first bearer to have deserved well by some Stratagem of Mining A Bend it signifies the bearer to have been one of the first which mounted upon the enemies wall Escutcheon 't is ancient bearing Burley in the time of Richard the Second bore an Eschutcheon A Cheveron it betokeneth to the bearer the atchieving of some business of moment or the finishing of some chargeable or memorable work Saltire befits rich and covetous people such as would not willingly go from their substance A Bar may be implied to him whose invention industry and labour has so fenced or forfeited the Camp City or Fort that the Enemies thereby receiveth a damage A Mascle In Armory it signifieth the Bearer thereof in a Field Gules to have been most prudent and politick in stratagems of War A Hart denotes a man wise and politick that foreseeth his time and stands to his own guard
An Ape The bearing of this Beast shews that the bearer took more delight in ridiculous jeastings then serious actings A Rose The bearing of the Rose shews that the bearer in joyed some good though environed on all sides with evil Observe if you see any Beast Bird Flower c. in its proper colour you must blazon it by no colour but say proper Likewise observe when you see any quick thing born in Arms it is most commendable to bear it according to the most noblest and worthiest action of the Creature as a Lion passant a Grayhound running a Fish nayant any Fowl volant c. The Names of the Parties and Nations that Invented Instruments Military and Mechanical c. Mentioned in this Book Lacedemonians THey invented the Helmet as Heroditus affirmeth Moses Did first ordain Crowns but Pliny ascribes it to Liber Bacchus Petrus and Acrisius They did first devise Shields as they fought together Tuscans Invented Mantles of Estate Embroidered Gowns c. Tarquinus superbus brought their use to Rome Tyrants against Christians Invented as Fern sayes the Saltire which they used as an Engine to torture to rend in pieces the Christians Dionisius He invented first the tilling of ground but Virgil sayes it was Ceres Bellerophon Found out the riding and reclaiming of Horses Dedalus Was the first inventer of Squares Rome They first used Rings on their fingers and Male Coats A Nation in Thesaly Found out the Barnacle and other instruments for riding and taming of Horses Dedalus He first found out the Plummet Lamech He first invented Tents Moses Made use first of Lamps Aeolus First found the Sails of Ships Epeus He invented the Ram of Troy Copians They first found out the Helm or Rudder of a Ship Funerals and Rules to be observed therein SPecial heed is to be taken that no indignity be offered to a Mourner they are by the Herauld to be marshalled according to their titles and worth If an Officer of Armes be present he ought to wear the Kings Coat to the intent that the defunct may be known to have died honourable in the King Allegiance without spot or infamy His Heir which is the Chief Mourner is to receive in the presence of all the Mourners the Coat Armour Helme and Crest c. belonging to the defunct whereof the King at Arms of the Province is to make record with the defuncts Match Issue and decease Earles must have their great Banner two Yards If of the Garter his Garter instead of Compartments Supporters Crown Sword and Target Gantler and Spurs Earle Marshals orders commanded Anno 1618. For Funerals and Fees c. ALL Noblemen Barronets Knights Esquires and Gentlemen of eminent place birth and quality that shall be either silently buried in the night or by day without attendance of an Officer of Arms shall nevertheless immediately after the death and burial of such Defunct return a true certificate of the Matches issues and times of their decease with their Armes For which they are to pay into the Officers of Armes these Fees  l. s. d. A Gentleman using Escutcheons 3 6 8 Using none 2 0 0 An Esquire of Coat Armor 6 13 4 A Knight 10 0 0 A Bannoret and Baronet 13 6 8 A Baron or Baroness that ought to have a great Banner and Bannerols 20 0 0 A Bishop 25 0 0 A Viscount and Viscountess 30 0 0 An Earle or Countess 35 0 0 A Marquess or Marchoness 40 0 0 A Duke and Arch-Bishop 45 0 0 Which faid sums are to be payed to the Officers at Arms except it appears the defunct was not worth a 1000 l Then to enter without Fee Funerals The proceeding of the Funeral of a Gentleman FIrst Children of the Hospital Two Conductors Poor Men. Gentlemens Servants in Cloaks Gentlemen in Cloaks Gentlemen in Gowns Aldermen in Black The Preacher A Penon of his own Arms. Helme and Crest The Coat of Arms. Chief Mourner Two Assistants Aldermen not in Black Master of the Company if c. Master of the Hospital Then all Gentlemen not in black Neighboues and others Funerals The proceedings to it to a Duke from a Bannoret TWo Conductors with black Staves Servants in Cloaks two and two The great Banner by Gentlemen in Cloaks two and two Two Banners by Gentlemen in Cloaks two and two Steward Controuler c. Herauld Ministers Gentlemen bareheaded with the Escutcheon The Chariot with four Banners carried about it by Gentlemen of Kindred Four Footmen bareheaded Mourners next of Kindred two and two The Neighbours England when first Inhabited by whom how and why named its Governments c. BErosus saith that Samothes called also Mesech brother to Gomer the sixth Son of Japhet the Son of Noah came into this Land about 252. years after the Flood 3632 years past and called it Samothea in which name it continued until Albion the Son of Neptune who descended of Cham entred the same and named it Albion This Albion reigned about 562. years after the Flood in the year of the worlds creation 2219. and 3370. years since It continued in the name of Albion 608 years until Brutus Julius arrived who conquered the same Anno mundi 2828. and 2764. years since he changed the name of it into Brittain It is at this day called England from the Angli with which inhabited part of Germany Ptolomy calleth them Angeli in the Heptarchy They inhabited Cambridgeshire Isle of Ely Norfolk and Suffolk long named East Anglia These Angles and Saxons Anno Dom. 620. having driven the Brittons into Wales and Cornwal c. In some time after Egbert having reduced the Heptarchy into a Monarchy and ruling absolute called it England from his own Countrey in Germany The former Heptarchy of seven Kingdoms now a Monarchy was divided into Provinces Shiercs and Counties by Aluredus brother to Etheldred who reigned Anno Dom. 872. Wales was divided by Henry the 8th The Shires were divided into parts or hundreds in every of which was contained ten Tythings containing ten men The Officer of this Tything the Saxons called Techingman we Tythingman In some places they are called Headboroughs Ten of these Tythings yielded a hundred men the number now is uncertain York-shire is divided into Ridings And in Kent they have Wapentaches instead of Tythings which took that name from viewing of Weapons The word Shiere cometh of the Saxon word Scyran which signifieth to cut or divide Every one of these Shieres in times past was governed per Comitem whom we call Earle Quali praefectus regins therefore it took the name of a County à Comite Of latter time and still is chosen yearly in every County an Officer by the King which in Latine is named Ure comes as one appointed in the Earles stead We call him Sheriff the Saxons called him Scyregegrapa which is as much as an Officer to collect Rents and Revenues under and for another The Heraulds Duty THe giving of Coats of Arms belongeth to the Prince or else