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capacity_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o when_o any_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v aught_o ex_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la to_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n second_o the_o lord_n temporal_a duke_n marquess_n earl_n viscount_n and_o baron_n who_o sit_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o dignity_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o descent_n or_o creation_n and_o likewise_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v of_o full_a age_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n exit_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la the_o 3d._a estate_n be_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n whereof_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n or_o county_n citizen_n of_o city_n and_o burgess_n of_o burghe_n all_o which_o be_v respective_o elect_v by_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n city_n and_o borough_n by_o force_n of_o the_o king_n write_v ex_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la and_o none_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v omit_v and_o these_o represent_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o be_v trust_v for_o they_o so_o he_o and_o this_o be_v plain_a enough_o beyond_o all_o exception_n add_v hereunto_o ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la that_o in_o all_o christian_a kingdom_n of_o the_o gothick_n model_n there_o be_v no_o more_o nor_o few_o than_o three_o estate_n convent_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o supreme_a prince_n for_o their_o assistance_n and_o advice_n in_o affair_n of_o consequence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bishop_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n who_o be_v always_o one_o the_o noble_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o their_o several_a province_n for_o so_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o realm_n of_o spain_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n poland_n hungary_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dane_n mark_n sweden_n and_o the_o realm_n of_o scotland_n and_o it_o
a_o answer_n to_o this_o quodlibetical_a question_n whether_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n collect_v out_o of_o some_o memorial_n in_o a_o large_a treatise_n for_o the_o information_n of_o some_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o and_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o de_fw-fr legib._n &_o â—onga_fw-la consuet_n si_fw-mi de_fw-fr interpretatione_n legis_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la imprimis_fw-la inspiciendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la civitas_fw-la retro_fw-la in_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la casibus_fw-la usa_fw-la fuit_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la enim_fw-la optima_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la legis_fw-la est_fw-la london_n print_v for_o a._n seile_n over_o against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1661._o a_o answer_n to_o this_o quodlibetical_a question_n viz._n whether_o the_o bishop_n be_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n whereas_o a_o great_a question_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o late_a and_o but_o late_o neither_o whether_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n i_o hope_v to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o question_n by_o two_o sort_n of_o argument_n of_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o the_o other_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la the_o one_o derive_v from_o that_o original_a right_n which_o be_v vest_v in_o they_o the_o other_o from_o the_o constant_a exercise_n and_o continual_a practice_n by_o which_o that_o right_a have_v be_v enjoy_v in_o all_o time_n forego_v and_o first_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o proof_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o therein_o first_o with_o that_o which_o do_v occur_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelston_n one_o of_o the_o first_o monarch_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n among_o which_o there_o be_v a_o chapter_n it_o be_v chap._n 11._o entitle_v de_fw-fr officio_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o quid_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la officium_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v the_o office_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o that_o which_o do_v of_o right_o belong_v unto_o it_o in_o which_o chapter_n it_o be_v thus_o declare_v viz._n episcopo_fw-la jure_fw-la pertinet_fw-la omnem_fw-la rectitudinem_fw-la promovere_fw-la dei_fw-la scilicet_fw-la &_o seculi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 402._o etc._n spelm._n counsel_n p._n 402._o &_o convenit_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o testimonium_fw-la ejus_fw-la omne_fw-la legis_fw-la scitum_fw-la &_o burgi_n mensura_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la pondus_fw-la sit_fw-la secundum_fw-la dictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la institutum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o belong_v of_o right_n unto_o the_o bishop_n to_o promote_v justice_n in_o matter_n which_o concern_v both_o the_o church_n and_o state_n and_o unto_o he_o it_o appertain_v that_o by_o his_o counsel_n and_o award_n all_o law_n and_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ordain_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 2_o next_o we_o will_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o old_a record_n entitle_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v affirm_v ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la summoniri_fw-la &_o venire_fw-la debere_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la majores_fw-la cleri_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la per_fw-la comitatum_fw-la aut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la ratione_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenurae_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tenurae_fw-la modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la that_o all_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n either_o by_o a_o earl_n fee_fw-mi or_o a_o baron_n fee_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v and_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tenure_n 3_o next_o look_v we_o on_o the_o chartulary_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o recognize_v in_o full_a parliament_n at_o clarendon_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o where_o they_o be_v call_v avitas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la which_o declare_v it_o thus_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o universae_fw-la personae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la habeant_fw-la possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la barones_n debent_fw-la interest_n judicijs_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quosque_fw-la pervenierat_fw-la ad_fw-la dimmutionem_fw-la membrorum_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la 2._o mortem_fw-la math._n paris_n in_o hen._n 2._o the_o meaning_n be_v in_o brief_a that_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o all_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o barony_n and_o that_o they_o ought_v as_o baron_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o judgement_n with_o the_o other_o baron_n in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n until_o the_o very_a sentence_n of_o death_n or_o mutilation_n which_o be_v very_o common_a in_o those_o time_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o common_o do_v use_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o not_o out_o of_o any_o incapacity_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n but_o out_o of_o a_o restraint_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 4_o in_o the_o great_a charter_n make_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o last_o of_o his_o reign_n we_o have_v the_o form_n of_o summon_v a_o parliament_n and_o call_v those_o together_o who_o have_v vote_n therein_o thus_o express_v at_o large_a and_o habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la assidendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagijs_fw-la assidendis_fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la litter_n as_o nostras_fw-la &_o preteria_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40_o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la etc._n etc._n job_n etc._n id_fw-la in_o job_n in_o which_o we_o have_v not_o only_o a_o most_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o bishop_n be_v of_o right_a to_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n for_o grant_v subsidy_n and_o escuage_z and_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a affair_n which_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v by_o particular_a letter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o either_o of_o they_o a_o form_n or_o copy_n of_o which_o summon_v issue_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a king_n john_n be_v extant_a on_o record_n and_o put_v in_o print_n not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n 1.20.5_o honour_n p._n 1.20.5_o 5_o we_o have_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3d._a the_o birthright_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n according_a as_o it_o stand_v translate_v in_o the_o book_n of_o statute_n first_o we_o have_v grant_v to_o god_n and_o by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n have_v confirm_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o her_o whole_a right_n and_o liberty_n inviolable_a 1_o inviolable_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 1_o but_o it_o be_v a_o know_v right_o and_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o peradventure_o also_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o say_v king_n time_n have_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v inviolable_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n their_o heir_n and_o successor_n for_o ever_o which_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a curse_n denounce_v on_o all_o the_o infringer_n of_o it_o by_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o canterbury_n math._n paris_n in_o hen._n 3._o and_o ratify_v in_o no_o few_o than_o 80._o succeed_a parliament_n so_o be_v it_o enact_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v send_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o all_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v read_v twice_o a_o year_n before_o the_o people_n 1._o people_n 28._o edw._n 1._o c._n 1._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v ready_a four_o time_n every_o year_n in_o a_o full_a county_n court_n 2._o court_n 28_o edw._n 1._o c._n 2._o and_o final_o that_o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o it_o shall_v be_v void_a and_o null_a 3._o null_a 28._o edw._n 1._o c._n 3._o the_o application_n or_o which_o last_o clause_n i_o refer_v to_o those_o to_o who_o the_o rectify_v of_o the_o error_n which_o to_o the_o contrary_a thereof_o have_v be_v commit_v do_v of_o right_a belong_v 6_o we_o have_v the_o protestation_n of_o john_n stratford_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 3d._n who_o be_v in_o disfavour_n with_o the_o king_n and_o deny_v entrance_n in_o to_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n challenge_v his_o place_n and_o suffrage_n there_o as_o the_o first_o peer_n of_o the_o
much_o as_o in_o answer_n unto_o that_o record_n suppose_v that_o the_o word_n thereof_o be_v right_o sence_v as_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o by_o clerus_fw-la there_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v archbishop_n and_o bishop_n as_o i_o think_v we_o be_v not_o there_o be_v no_o record_n i_o dare_v bold_o say_v it_o either_o of_o history_n or_o law_n in_o which_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la serve_v to_o signify_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n exclusive_a of_o the_o other_o clergy_n or_o any_o writing_n whatsoever_o wherein_o it_o do_v not_o either_o signify_v the_o whole_a clergy_n general_o or_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n only_o exclusive_a of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n therefore_o in_o answer_n unto_o that_o so_o much_o applaud_v cavil_v of_o excluso_fw-la clero_fw-la from_o what_o record_n soever_o it_o either_o have_v be_v hitherto_o or_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v produce_v i_o shall_v propose_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o sober_a reader_n whether_o by_o clerus_fw-la in_o that_o place_n or_o in_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o time_n we_o must_v not_o understand_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o they_o stand_v distinguish_v in_o the_o law_n from_o my_o lord_n the_o bishop_n for_o howsoever_o it_o be_v true_a that_o clerus_fw-la in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a notion_n of_o the_o word_n do_v signify_v the_o whole_a clergy_n general_o archbishop_n bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n yet_o in_o the_o legal_a notion_n of_o it_o it_o stand_v distinguish_v from_o the_o prelate_n and_o signifi_v only_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n thus_o do_v we_o find_v the_o ecclesiastic_n of_o this_o realm_n divide_v into_o prelate_n man_n of_o religion_n and_o other_o clerk_n 3_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o secular_o either_o into_o prelate_n and_o clerk_n 9_o edw._n 2._o cap._n 3._o 1_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 3._o or_o prelate_n and_o clerk_n benefice_v 18_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 2._o or_o general_o into_o the_o prelate_n and_o the_o clergy_n 9_o edw._n 2._o cap._n 15._o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o 3._o 18_o edw._n 3.2.7_o and_o 25_o edw._n 3.2.4_o and_o 8_o of_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 1._o and_o in_o all_o act_n and_o grant_v of_o subsidy_n make_v by_o the_o clergy_n to_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n of_o england_n since_o the_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o when_o the_o clergy_n subsidy_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o also_o in_o the_o latin_a idiom_n which_o come_v near_a home_n nos_fw-la prelati_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la in_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o watham_n eight_o regist_n watham_n and_o in_o the_o sentence_n of_o divorce_n against_o anne_n of_o clere_n cranmer_n clere_n regist_n cranmer_n and_o in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o clergy_n subsidy_n present_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o 27_o of_o queen_n eliz._n and_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o certificate_n per_fw-la fince_o per_fw-la stat._n 8._o eliz._n c._n 17._o &_o ever_o fince_o praelatos_fw-la &_o clerum_fw-la return_v by_o every_o bishop_n to_o the_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n and_o final_o nos_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la cantuatiensis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la synodo_fw-it more_fw-it nostro_fw-la solito_fw-la dum_fw-la regni_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la celebratur_fw-la congregati_fw-la 8._o congregati_fw-la stat._n 1._o phil._n &_o mary_n c._n 8._o in_o the_o petition_n to_o k_o k._n philip_n and_o mary_n about_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o abbey_n land_n to_o the_o patentee_n so_o that_o though_o many_o statute_n have_v be_v make_v in_o these_o latter_a time_n excluso_fw-la clero_fw-la the_o clergy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o ancient_o have_v their_o place_n in_o parliament_n be_v quite_o shut_v out_o and_o utter_o exclude_v from_o those_o public_a council_n yet_o this_o prove_v nothing_o to_o the_o point_n that_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v count_v good_a to_o which_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o call_v or_o at_o the_o make_n of_o which_o act_n they_o either_o be_v shut_v out_o by_o force_n or_o exclude_v by_o cunning._n but_o then_o beside_o the_o so_o much_o celebrate_v argument_n of_o excluso_fw-la clero_fw-la the_o author_n of_o the_o pamphlet_n before_o remember_v have_v tell_v we_o somewhat_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o kilbancy_n book_n in_o which_o the_o justice_n be_v make_v to_o say_v 7_o hen._n 8._o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n may_v well_o hold_v his_o parliament_n by_o he_o and_o his_o temporal_a lord_n and_o by_o the_o commons_o also_o without_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n for_o that_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n have_v not_o any_o place_n in_o the_o parliament_n chamber_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o spiritualty_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o temporal_a possession_n but_o first_o this_o be_v but_o the_o opinion_n of_o a_o private_a man_n of_o no_o authority_n or_o esteem_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v find_v in_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o not_o conclude_v in_o so_o great_a a_o business_n and_o 2_o admit_v he_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o more_o note_n and_o credit_n than_o perhaps_o he_o be_v yet_o he_o must_v needs_o fall_v short_a in_o all_o respect_n both_o for_o ability_n and_o reputation_n of_o chief_a justice_n coke_n who_o judgement_n to_o the_o contrary_n we_o have_v see_v before_o but_o 3_o it_o run_v cross_v to_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n in_o which_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o parliament_n as_o spiritual_a person_n without_o relation_n to_o their_o temporal_a possession_n or_o their_o baron_n fee_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n and_o final_o admit_v that_o kilbancies_n plea_n be_v of_o weight_n enough_o to_o keep_v the_o bishop_n down_o from_o rise_v to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n it_o must_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o exclude_v all_o the_o temporal_a lord_n the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v call_v to_o parliament_n on_o no_o other_o ground_n than_o for_o the_o temporal_a possession_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o barony_n adeo_fw-la argumenta_fw-la ab_fw-la absurdo_fw-la petita_fw-la ineptos_fw-la habent_fw-la exitus_fw-la say_v lactantius_n true_o it_o be_v the_o fate_n say_v he_o of_o ill_a choose_a premise_n that_o they_o produce_v ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a conclusion_n there_o remain_v one_o objection_n more_o and_o indeed_o the_o great_a not_o extant_a in_o the_o pamphlet_n before_o remember_v though_o possible_o promote_v and_o occasion_v by_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n be_v exclude_v from_o their_o place_n and_o vote_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n deliberate_o make_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o king_n consent_n for_o answer_v whereunto_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a first_o to_o state_n this_o question_n viz._n whether_o that_o any_o two_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n confirm_v or_o agree_v together_o may_v conclude_v any_o thing_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o three_o bodinus_fw-la that_o renown_a statesman_n have_v resolve_v it_o negative_o and_o determine_v thus_o nihil_fw-la a_fw-la duobus_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la discerni_fw-la posse_fw-la quo_fw-la uni_fw-la ex_fw-la tribus_fw-la incommodum_fw-la inferatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n 7._o etc._n bodin_n de_fw-fr rep._n l._n 3._o s._n 7._o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v by_o two_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n to_o the_o disprofit_v of_o the_o three_o in_o case_n the_o point_n propose_v be_v such_o as_o concern_v they_o several_o and_o he_o resolve_v thus_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n who_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o parliament_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n if_o he_o have_v not_o notable_o bestir_v himself_o in_o their_o behalf_n he_o be_v then_o a_o delegate_n or_o commissioner_n for_o one_o of_o the_o province_n and_o by_o his_o diligence_n and_o care_n preserve_v their_o interest_n and_o to_o preserve_v their_o interest_n he_o insist_v chief_o on_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n as_o also_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o spain_n and_o england_n and_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o each_o of_o which_o it_o be_v receive_v for_o a_o rule_v case_n nihil_fw-la a_o duobus_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la statui_fw-la posse_fw-la quo_fw-la uni_fw-la ex_fw-la tribus_fw-la prejudicium_fw-la crearetur_fw-la that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o the_o two_o estate_n unto_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o three_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o rule_v case_n then_o in_o the_o english_a parliament_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o present_a time_n the_o equity_n and_o justice_n of_o it_o be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o it_o now_o as_o forcible_a as_o they_o can_v be_v then_o have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o resolve_v of_o in_o the_o former_a age_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n be_v so_o prevalent_a in_o all_o public_a counsel_n how_o easy_a a_o matter_n have_v it_o be_v for_o they_o either_o by_o join_v with_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o exclude_v the_o commons_o or_o by_o join_v with_o the_o comonalty_n to_o exclude_v the_o noble_n or_o have_v too_o much_o conscience_n to_o venture_v in_o so_o great_a a_o change_n and_o alteration_n so_o incompatible_a inconsistent_a with_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o parliament_n how_o easy_o may_v they_o have_v suppress_v the_o potency_n and_o impair_v the_o priveleges_n of_o either_o of_o the_o other_o two_o by_o work_v on_o the_o humour_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o one_o to_o keep_v down_o the_o other_o nor_o do_v it_o help_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o least_o degree_n to_o say_v that_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o bishop_n from_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v not_o do_v mere_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o some_o of_o the_o other_o two_o estate_n but_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o who_o the_o law_n say_v he_o can_v do_v no_o wrong_n and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereof_o our_o lawyer_n say_v que_fw-fr nul_fw-fr doit_fw-fr imaginer_n choose_v dishonourable_a commentar_n dishonourable_a plowden_n in_o commentar_n that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o think_v dishonourable_a for_o we_o know_v well_o in_o what_o condition_n the_o king_n be_v when_o he_o pass_v that_o act_n to_o what_o extremity_n he_o be_v reduce_v on_o what_o term_n he_o stand_v how_o he_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v from_o his_o city_n of_o london_n to_o part_v with_o his_o dear_a wife_n and_o child_n and_o in_o a_o word_n so_o overpowred_n by_o the_o prevail_a party_n in_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o he_o as_o his_o case_n then_o be_v to_o deny_v they_o any_o thing_n and_o for_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n thus_o insist_v on_o beside_o that_o the_o bill_n have_v be_v reject_v when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v fright_v out_o of_o the_o house_n when_o contrary_a unto_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v bring_v again_o it_o be_v a_o point_n resolve_v both_o in_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o the_o parliament_n can_v do_v nothing_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o itself_o and_o that_o such_o act_n as_o be_v under_o a_o constraint_n be_v not_o good_a and_o valid_a whereof_o we_o have_v a_o fair_a example_n in_o the_o book_n of_o statute_n 3._o statute_n 15_o ed._n 3._o for_o whereas_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v certain_a article_n pretend_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o statute_n express_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o right_n royal_a mark_v it_o for_o this_o be_v just_a the_o case_n which_o he_o have_v yield_v to_o escue_v the_o danger_n which_o by_o deny_v of_o the_o same_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o parliament_n it_o be_v repeal_v in_o these_o follow_a word_n it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o say_a earl_n baron_n and_o other_o wise_a man_n that_o since_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o proceed_v of_o our_o free_a will_n the_o same_o be_v void_a and_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o name_n nor_o strength_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o therefore_o by_o their_o counsel_n and_o assent_v we_o have_v decree_v the_o say_a statute_n to_o be_v void_a etc._n etc._n or_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v repeal_v in_o a_o formal_a manner_n yet_o be_v this_o act_n however_o get_v void_a in_o effect_n already_o by_o a_o former_a statute_n in_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v in_o full_a parliament_n and_o at_o the_o self_n same_o place_n where_o this_o act_n be_v gain_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n by_o which_o and_o many_o other_o title_n the_o bishop_n hold_v their_o place_n in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v keep_v in_o all_o point_n and_o if_o any_o statute_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a it_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o none_o 1._o none_o 42_o ed._n 3._o c._n 1._o more_o argument_n than_o these_o against_o the_o bishop_n place_n and_o vote_n in_o parliament_n i_o have_v not_o where_o find_v and_o these_o be_v answer_v and_o refell_v i_o hope_v the_o point_n in_o question_n have_v be_v fair_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n finis_fw-la
realm_n and_o one_o that_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o first_o voice_n in_o parliament_n in_o right_a of_o his_o see_n but_o hear_v he_o speak_v his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v amici_n for_o he_o speak_v to_o those_o that_o take_v witness_n of_o it_o rex_fw-la i_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la scripto_fw-la svo_fw-la vocavit_fw-la &_o ego_fw-la tanquam_fw-la major_n par_fw-fr regni_fw-la post_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o primam_fw-la vocem_fw-la habere_fw-la debens_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la meae_fw-la cantuarensis_fw-la vendico_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la ingressum_fw-la in_o parliamentum_fw-la pero_fw-la stratford_n pero_fw-la antiqui_fw-la britan_n in_o gati_fw-la stratford_n which_o make_v it_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o archbishop_n do_v not_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n as_o the_o first_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o by_o way_n of_o favour_n or_o of_o custom_n only_o but_o as_o a_o power_n and_o privilege_v as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v habere_fw-la debens_fw-la be_v the_o word_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o see_n 7_o and_o last_o there_o be_v the_o protestation_n on_o record_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o at_o what_o time_n william_n courtney_n be_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o be_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n on_o some_o guilty_a lord_n first_o make_v their_o procurator_n to_o supply_v their_o room_n and_o then_o put_v up_o their_o protestation_n to_o preserve_v their_o right_n the_o sum_n whereof_o for_o as_o much_o as_o do_v concern_v this_o business_n in_o their_o own_o word_n thus_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la archiepiscopum_fw-la cantuarensem_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la fuerit_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la catero_n suffragano_n confratres_fw-la &_o compatres_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la aliosque_fw-la prelatos_n quoscunque_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenentes_fw-la pertinet_fw-la in_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la regis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la ut_fw-la parâ—s_fw-la regni_fw-la predidi_fw-la personaliter_fw-la interest_n ibidemque_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la ac_fw-la aliis_fw-la tradari_fw-la consuetis_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la didi_fw-la regni_fw-la patibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jus_o interessendi_fw-la habentibus_fw-la consulere_fw-la &_o tradare_fw-la ordinare_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o diffinire_n ac_fw-la cetera_fw-la facere_fw-la quae_fw-la parliamento_fw-la ibidem_fw-la imminent_a facionda_fw-la courtney_n facionda_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la gu._n courtney_n it_o appertain_v say_v they_o both_o by_o right_n and_o custom_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o also_o unto_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o compeer_n as_o well_o the_o suffragan_n bishop_n as_o to_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n whatsoever_o which_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o barony_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o be_v personal_o present_a at_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o three_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o peer_n and_o all_o other_o which_o have_v right_o to_o be_v therein_o present_a to_o consult_v treat_v of_o and_o ordain_v and_o final_o to_o determine_v and_o establish_v all_o such_o thing_n and_o matter_n as_o be_v accustomable_o handle_v and_o ordain_v in_o parliament_n which_o set_v the_o matter_n as_o i_o take_v it_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o head_n or_o sort_n of_o argument_n whereby_o i_o be_v to_o prove_v this_o point_n which_o be_v those_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la let_v we_o next_o see_v whether_o this_o right_a of_o they_o be_v confirm_v and_o countenance_v by_o continual_a practice_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o lose_v it_o by_o discontinuance_n which_o be_v my_o second_o kind_n of_o argument_n those_o i_o mean_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o in_o this_o way_n of_o proof_n we_o can_v go_v as_o high_a as_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n to_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o so_o descend_v unto_o those_o last_o time_n without_o interruption_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o christianity_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o bishop_n vote_n in_o parliament_n and_o common_a council_n be_v of_o like_a antiquity_n for_o first_o no_o soon_o have_v king_n ethelbert_n receive_v the_o gospel_n but_o present_o we_o read_v that_o as_o well_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n be_v summon_v to_o the_o common_a council_n which_o the_o saxon_n sometime_o call_v mycell_n synoth_n the_o great_a assembly_n and_o sometime_o wittenegemote_a the_o counsel_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n anno_fw-la 605._o ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la corroboratus_fw-la catholicâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n cantuariae_fw-la convocavit_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la popusi_fw-la king_n 116._o king_n h._n spelmon_n in_o council_n p._n 116._o ethelbert_n as_o my_o author_n have_v it_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o faith_n in_o the_o year_n 605._o which_o be_v but_o nine_o year_n after_o his_o conversion_n together_o with_o berha_n his_o queen_n their_o son_n thalbald_n the_o reverend_a archbishop_n augustine_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n do_v solemnize_v the_o feast_n of_o christ_n nativity_n in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n and_o do_v there_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v on_o the_o 9th_o of_o january_n the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o kingdom_n as_o well_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o lay-subject_a by_o who_o consent_n and_o approbation_n he_o cause_v the_o monastery_n by_o he_o build_v to_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n almighty_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o augustine_n and_o though_o no_o question_n other_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_a heptarche_n yet_o be_v the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n do_v in_o fine_a prevail_v and_o unite_v all_o the_o rest_n into_o one_o monarchy_n we_o shall_v apply_v ourselves_o unto_o that_o more_o punctual_o and_o with_o great_a care_n i._o and_o first_o we_o read_v of_o egbert_n who_o first_o unite_v the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o england_n that_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v convene_v at_o london_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la adversus_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratas_fw-la ingulph_n pyratas_fw-la charta_fw-la whitlagiâ—_n mercyoâ—um_fw-la regis_fw-la ap_fw-mi ingulph_n to_o advise_v upon_o some_o course_n against_o the_o danish_a pirate_n who_o infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o england_n ii_o another_o parliament_n or_o council_n call_v it_o which_o you_o will_v call_v at_o ringbury_n anno_fw-la 855._o in_o the_o time_n of_o ethelwolph_n the_o son_n of_o egbert_n pro_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la ingulf_n regni_fw-la charta_fw-la bertult_v mer._n regis_n ap_fw-mi ingulf_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o act_n whereof_o be_v ratify_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n iii_o we_o find_v that_o the_o same_o king_n ethelwolph_n in_o a_o parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o his_o state_n at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 855._o cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la hist._n principum_fw-la ingulf_n croyland_n hist._n by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n confirm_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o all_o man_n good_n and_o order_v that_o the_o tithe_n so_o confirm_v unto_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la secularibus_fw-la servitutibus_fw-la from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o imposition_n iv_o the_o two_o charter_n be_v issue_v out_o by_o athelstone_n above_o mention_v consilio_fw-la wifelmi_n archiepiscopi_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la 403._o meorum_fw-la ap_fw-mi eund_n p._n 402_o 403._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o wifelme_n his_o archbishop_n and_o his_o other_o bishop_n and_o 5_o that_o ina_n in_o the_o year_n 902._o cause_v the_o great_a council_n of_o his_o realm_n to_o be_v assemble_v consist_v ex_fw-la episcopis_fw-la principibus_fw-la proceribus_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o bishop_n prince_n nobles_z earls_z and_o of_o all_o the_o wise_a man_n elder_n and_o people_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o there_o enact_v divers_a law_n for_o the_o weal_n of_o his_o realm_n 219._o realm_n ap_fw-mi cund_o p._n 219._o we_o also_o read_v this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edrid_a anno_fw-la 948._o viz._n in_o festo_fw-la igitur_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la cum_fw-la universi_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la regium_fw-la edictum_fw-la summoniri_fw-la tam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la ac_fw-la abbates_n quam_fw-la caeteri_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la londiniis_fw-la convenissent_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la negotijs_fw-la publicis_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la lon._n regni_fw-la id_fw-la ibid._n p._n 497._o edit_n lon._n that_o in_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v