the second Pope espying this weaknesse and watching for an opportunitie to take the Empire at such disaduantage to driue the Emperour quite out of Italie vsed the helpe of the Lumbards against him and preuailed so far that he gaue the Emperors army the ouerthrow in a pitched field and slew Paulus the Exarch in battell â—…ac tempestate saith Palmerius inter ' Pontificem imperatorem maxima discordia fuit quam ob causam contra Pontificâ—…m in Italiam missi sunt primum Paulus Exarchâ—…s mox eo nterempto in eius locum substituitur Eutychus sub quo variè pugnatum est diuisa Italia In quo bello Antipharium Longobaraorum ducem auailia Pontifici praebuisse Constat That is At this time a great discord rose betweene the Pope and the Emperour for which cause first Paul the Exarch was sent to Italy but he was slaine and Euâ—…ychus sent in his place vnder whom many battels were fought with variable fortune Italy being diuided In which warre it is well knowen that Antipharius Duke of the Lombardes did aide the Pope against the Emperour Nauclerus declareth that one especiall occasion of this breach betweene Leo the Emperour and Gregorie the second Pope was that Leo abolished images which were worshipped and commanded the Pope to do so wherat the Pope was so inraged that hee drewe all Italie from the obedience of the Emperour Tantamque authoritatem tune habuerunt Romani Pont. decreta saith Nauclâ—…r vt Rauennates primi exinde Venetia populi atque milites apertaÌ„ in ImperatoreÌ„ Exarchumque rebellioneÌ„ pra se tulerint Ac eo processit rebellio vt depositis Exarchi magistratibus singulae ciuitates singula oppida proprios magistratus quos duces apellabant creare prasicere eurarent Such authority then had the Popes decrees that first the Rauennates after that the Venetians did raise an open rebellion against the Emperour and the Exarch And this rebellion proceeded so farre that euery city and euery towne put downe the Exarches and created proper Magistrates to themselues whom they called Dukes Thus fell the gouernment of Italy into so many partes euery one catching what they could as men vse to doe at a great shipwracke And the Pope was carefull to prouide that his part should not be the least 8. When thus the Pope had driuen the Emperour out of all Italie and by that meanes had drawen Italie into as many Dominions in a manner as there were great Cities the strongest began to pray vpon the weaker Heere began the fire of emulation to kindle betweene the Pope and the Lumbards for the Lumbards were the strongest part of Italie then and the Popes part was the second all other were weake in respect of these two and these two thereto agreeing well hitherto so long as both conspired against the Empire began now to fall at variance about the deuiding of the spoile The Pope finding the Lumbards too strong for him in this parting of the spoile of the Empire as before hee had vsed the strength of the Lumbards to suppresse the Emperour so now following the same arte called Pipin the Constable of Fraunce into Italie by whose power hee repressed the Lumbards and compelled Astulphus their King to receiue conditions of peace Platina saith that Gregorius chiefe Secretary to the Emperor did meet Pipin as he came into Italie and intreated him that if he should ouercome the Lumbards he would restore the Exarchate of Rauenna to the Emperour to whom of right said hee it belonged All that poore right that then he sought to hold in Italie detained as then by the Lumbards but presently falling vnto the Popes share and that he would not yeeld it to the Pope The aunswere of Pipin was he came into Italie to gratifie the Pope and that he would helpe him as much as he could That which after the victorie fell to the Popes part and to Rome was saith Platina all that lieth betweene Padus and the Appennine from Placentia to the Venetian standing waters and whatsoeuer is contained betweene the riuer Isaurus and Appennine Paulus Aemylius saith all that which before was called Flaminia wherein was Rauenna was hereupon commaunded to bee called Romandiola The match by negotiation betweene Pipin and the Pope was made thus that all that which was recouered from the Lumbards being before parcell of the Empire should be adiudged to the Pope and to Rome and Pipin for his seruice should bee made King of Fraunce by the Pope and Chilperic the lawfull King should be deposed All this was accordingly performed and Pipin was absolued from the Oath of Allegeance and so were all the Barons and people of France absolued from the Oath of obedience which before they had taken to Chilperic or as some call him Hilderic their King 9. This Storie I haue briefly set downe that the ground of the Popes Iurisdiction may be the better obserued for from such straunge grounds these Romane Catholikes draw the Popes Iurisdiction and the parts thereof as a man of ordinary reason would least suspect so capricious are they now growen As for example from this fact of Pope Zacharie who absolued subiects from the Oath of Allegeance to their true King who would thinke that the Popes Iurisdiction could bee drawen who would not rather iudge that the Popes arrogancy pride vsurpation oppression corruption might by this be prooued And yet Augustinus Anconitanus maketh this fact the onely ground and proofe of his Iurisdiction we looke for such a Iurisdiction as Christ left to his Church we looke for proofes from Scripture but we find no other Iurisdiction prooued then the Iurisdiction of Antichrist opposite to Christs Iurisdiction and ouer Princes for proofes out of the word of God we find no other proofes then such as are drawen from the Popes rebellion and conspiracie against the auncient Emperours from their vniust vsurpation and oppression of lawfull Kings from an impious power pretending authority to breake and violate oaths and faith and Allegeance of subiects And this manner of proose is held so strong that nothing is more common among them then thus to proue Iurisdiction One of that ranke would after the same maner proue this IurisdictoÌ„ by the Popes dispensing against oathes and vowes For saith he Edward the Confessour had made a vowe to goe in person to Rome but was dispensed by Pope Leo the ninth King Iohn sued to Pope Innocentius the third to be dispensed with all for his oath which he had made to the Barons of England And Henrie the seuenth procured from Pope Iulius the 2. that notorious dispensation for Prince Henrie his sonne to maâ—…ry the Princesse Katherine of Spaine left by his brother Arthur Hereupon hee inferreth thus these alone are sufficient to shew what opinion was held from time to time by the Kings of England concerning the Popes Soueraigne Supreme Iurisdiction in spiritual matters belonging to conscience and directing of soules thus farre the Romane
of the Popes Canons which vse the same word shall it be thought a sufficient refutation on the other side to say the word was not then vsed and bring no reason thereof Then this thing was vsed in Charles his time and the name of Inuestitures knowne The same thing was vsed long before Charles his time but not vnder the name of Inuestitures This name and the ceremonie of a staffe and a ring came in by the Lumbards Then whether we consider the thing without this new name and ceremony or with it wee finde it alwayes the Princes right Thus Sigebert is iustified the truth tried and the Knaue knowne 62. Now to come to the Kings of England as their authority was no lesse then the authority of other Princes in their Kingdomes so more we seeke not And therefore whereas a certaine Catholique diuine telleth vs that Henry the first chalenged Inuestitures as vsed by his father and brother before him whereof yet saith he we finde no expresse proofe or example in any of our Histories that they had vsed them much lesse that they were lawfully graunted how strange is this dealing beseeming none but such as he is For is not this proofe good and sufficient when the King chalengeth no more then that which was in fresh memory and vse in his brothers dayes and fathers When wee finde so many testimonies of Story of Councels of Popes that there was no other right of giuing Inuestitures knowne through Christendome then the right of Princes shall base persons quarrell the testimonie of a King founded vpon such proofes Let the world iudge of the learning of him who writing hee knoweth not what will tell vs that the sense deuotion and iudgement of the world was neuer to the contrary fancying conclusions like a dreamer not prouing like a disputer Now touching the particular of Henry the first it is certaine that hee began no new custome but Pope Paschalis the second began to debarre him from that ancient custome and right which he and his Elders had alwayes vsed 63. For thus Roger Houeden reporteth In the yeare of Christ one thousand one hundred and three a great dissention grew betweene King Henry and Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury because the Archbishop would not consent that the King should giue Inuestitures of Churches Neither would he consecrate those Bishops to whom the King gaue them Because the Pope had forbid him all the rest to do so Quia Apostolicus saith he sibi omnibus interdixerat And againe he saith Quibusdam ad hoc nitentibus vt Rex eas faceret more patriâ—… fratris sui non iuxta praeceptum obedientiam Apostoliei Because the Pope had forbidden him the rest c. Some perswaded that the king would make Inuestitures after the custome of his father and brother and not according to the precept and obedience of the Pope Where note that it is not the Kings allegation that this was his fathers and brothers right but it is a truth acknowledged by Hoâ—…eden maintained by the Barons denied by none Against which there was nothing then known but onely the new Precept of Pope Paschalis The same Author declareth also that these customes and prerogatiues were not imposed by the King but sought out with exact care diligence by the Bishops Barons iointly For speaking of these customes in the time of Henry the second he recordeth an Epistle which the Bishops of the Prouince of Canterbury wrote to Thomas ' Becket wherein they testifie thus much Ne super his contentionis funis traâ—…eretur in posterum noticie publica delegari ad iuratis itaque per sidem per eam quae in Deum spes est maioribus natu Episcopis alijsque Regni maioribus retroacti temporis insinuato statu dignitates requisitae palam prolatae sunt summorâ—… in Regno virorum testimonijs propalatae Least this occasion of contention should proceede any farther heereafter it was brought to publique triall Therefore the most auncient Bishops and other Barons of the Kingdome tooke an Oath by their faith and by that hope which they haue in God to make a true search whereupon looking into the times past the priuiledges of the Kingdome were sought out and published and divulged by the testimonies of the greatest persons in the Kingdome Then these customes and auncient priuiledges of the Kings were sought out by the grauest and most learned of the Bishops and Barons they were sworne to deliuer the trueth as they should finde it in the auncient Records of the land After all these expresse proofes a masked Romane Catholique telleth vs that no proofe heereof is found in all our Stories If this mans Catholique diuinity were examined as when opportunity serueth it shal be it will appeare that it consisteth of extreme confidence and impudency patched vp with a fewe smooth words without knowledge of Diuinity or of solid learning 64. After this Calixtus held a councell at Rhemes wherein hee condemned all Inuestitures taken from a lay hand With this Pope Henry the second King of England met in conference at Gisars in Fraunce The King pressed the Pope that he might noâ—… be disquieted in his auncient right that the auncient Lawes and customes of his Kingdome might be kept inuiolable as in the time of his progenitours they were The Pope hauing nothing to say against these auncient customes drew the King into another matter intreating the Kings fauour for Thurstinus Archbishop of Yorke that he might be restored to his place for the King had depriued him The King answered that he had sworne the contrary The Pope replied but I am Pope and if you will doe as I bid you I will absolue you from your Oath Ego Apostolicus sum sifeceris quod ego postulo ab hâc fidei sponsione te absoluam This was the olde practise of abusing Kings And it was not much to be meruailed if some kings were then blinded when they were led by such guides Houeden doth likewise declare that the Decrees of that Councell of Rhemes were sent to the Emperour Henry The Emperours answere was Nihil in his se praetermissurum quod sui iuris esset suorumque sibi contulit antiqua consuetudo progenitorum That is That he would loose no part of that his right which the auncient custome of his progenitours had conferred vpon him And afterward saith Houeden other things he graunted Ultimum vero scilicet Inuestituram rerum Ecclesiasticarum concedere noluit The last thing that is to say Inuestitures of Ecclesiasticall dignities he would in no case graunt Then it appeareth that antiquity custome and the right of their progenitors stood for the Princes of this age and against them was nothing but the bare will and new commaundement of the present Popes herein falling away not onely from the auncient vse before but from the sense knowledge confession and iudgement of the auncient Popes 65. I stay the longer vpon this
meeting that matters might be composed if it might be and troubles preuented The meeting was appointed at Diuion Thither came Frederick and Uictor Thither came Henry the second King of England and William King of Scotland But Alexander was so much afraid of this meeting that hee perswaded Philip the French King who had promised to meete the Emperour here to practise a trick which better beseemed a shifting Pope then an honourable Prince The deuise was that the French King should come to the place before the Emperor was come wash his hands in the Riuer that ran by the place and by the voice of a Criar should call the Emperour three times and as if this were the keeping of his promise afterward hee should depart When the Emperour and the Kings of England and Scotland were come to the place and heard what the French King had done they were much offended that the King should so Popishly disappoint his promise therefore they willed Victor to returne to Rome and went their waies 112. I passe by Fredericks iourney to the holy land his warres there how Pope Alexander sent his Image to the Souldian how being taken prisoner when he would haue dissimulated his estate he was knowne by his picture how after his returne he raised an Army and led the same into Italy against Alexander how against the Venetians who tooke part with Alexander he sent his sonne Otho how his sonne was taken prisoner which estate of his sonne gaue Alexander the aduantage and made the Emperour content to yeelde The conclusion was The Emperour must come into Saint Marke his Church in Venice and there humbly seeke absolution at the Popes handes Fredericke did so The Pope commanded him to aske pardon prostrate on the ground the Emperour suspecting no contumely did so The humble milde and mortified Vicar of Christ hauing the Emperor thus prostrate before him set his foote vpon the Emperours necke vsing those wordes Super Aspidem Basiliscum ambulabis conculcabis Leonem Draconem The Emperours answere was Non tibi sed Petro The Pope replied Et mihi Petro. These be examples of the Popes power in excommunicating Emperours from which examples they draw the claim of a right which they pretend to haue The Popish writers hope that men will be perswaded by the examples of the Popes power that this power was giuen to S. Peter and in him to all Popes because there appeareth such Christian moderation humility and mildenesse therein Though there be nothing in Scripture for them but all against them though the auncient fathers expresly denied the Popes to haue Iurisdiction ouer other Bishpopes yet they doubt not but they shall finde some that will rest perswaded that Christ left this fulnesse of power to the Popes which conteineth Soueraigne Iurisdiction not onely ouer all Bishoppes but ouer all temporall Princes also Henry the sixt and Philip. 113. HEnry the sixt Emperour succeeded Frederic This Henry left a young sonne Frederic an Infant yet elect to be Emperour and committed his education and weldoing to the trust of Pope Innocens the third leauing the Empire to his brother Philip vntill the childe should growe to age Pope Innocent this trustie tutor purposing the destruction both of Philip and young Fredericke set vp another Emperour which procured great vexation and trouble to them and to all Germany And first he quarrelled Philip that he stood vnder an old excommunication of Celestinus but afterward making semblance of fauour and reconciliation with him hee sent the Bishoppe of Sutrium to demand pledges certaine men whose eyes his brother Henry had plucked out The Bishoppe came and receiued the blinde pledges and at the earnest request of Philip absolued him from the excommunication The Pope when he had gotten these blinde men made publicke shew of them to moue enuie against Philip that done he excommunicated the Bishoppe of Sutrium for absoluing Philip without his commaundement the Bishoppe was depriued and so stood depriued all the daies of his life Then laboured the Pope to stirre vp Bertholduâ—… Duke of Zaringia against Philip whom he would haue obtruded to the Electours But Berthold vtterly refusing to rebell sent his Nephewes to Philip for Hostages of his Faith and Alleageance and came himselfe and sware Alleageance to him at which the Pope taking great indignation brake out into these wordes Either shall the Pope pull the Crown from Philip or Philip shal pull the Miter from the Pope And sent therefore to Otho sonne to Henry Leo a Prince more noted for boldnesse pride and ambition then for wisedome and moderation 114. To this man the Pope Innocent sent a Crowne and set him vp against Philippe for the Empire excommunicating Philippe and pulling all helpes from him that possible hee could and so filled the world with warres As Philip and Otho were thus plunged in warres all Princes and people troubled there was not a Bishopricke or Ecclesiasticall dignity or Parish-Church which was not made litigious and in the common miseries of Christendome and confusion of the Church the Pope onely reioyced increasing his wealth by the ruines of the Church the calamity of all men was turned to his happinesse To expresse this true felicity of the Pope and the Court of Rome in the misery and vexation of all the world mine Authour breaketh out into these wordes O our mother Rome reioyce because the Cataracts of earthly treasures are opened that vnto thee Riuers may flow and Mountaines of siluer may be brought in great abundance to thee be thou ioyfull for the iniquity of the sonnes of men because in recompence of so much mischiefe as from thee proceedeth the price returneth to thee Let thine heart be merry for the discord and dissention that troubleth all other but helpeth thee for out of the infernall pit it breaketh to heape vp much money as a reward to thee Thou hast that which alwaies thou hast thirsted after and longed for Now maist thou sing this song that thou hast ouercome the world not by thy Religion but by the malitiousnesse of men That which draweth men to thee is not thy deuotion or a pure conscience but impudency and boldnesse to commit all wickednes and hope of impunity for their hope is to defend and maintaine any wickednesse where thou art the Iudge and when the price is prepared Thus farre Uspergensis making some what bold with that innocent Pope Innocentius In this contention which the Pope raised Otho had the helpes of the King of Bohemia the Lantgraue of Thuring the Bishoppe of Colon these inclined to him being drawne as well by the Popes cursing of Philip as also for that they saw that Otho was strong by meanes of his Vncle Richard King of England But at last Otho being wearied with the warres and perceiuing Philips affaires to prosper was content to heare of peace 115. The Pope himselfe after all his malice thus spent made a motion of reconciliation
they whom he had banished from Parma were returned thither by the Popes practise and taking the Towne by force had giuen a great ouerthrow to the other Citizens fearing least this example might draw other Cities to the like reuolt he gaue ouer the iourney to Lions and wrote Letters to the French King and all Prelates refuting the Popes friuolous obiections declaring the iustice of his cause and his innocency Innocentius regarding neither iustice nor innocency pursued him by violence malice open warres secret conspiracies seeking all meanes that his vnholy head could inuent to take away the life of Fredericke As he was taking his recreation in hauking at Grossetum by the Sea shore neare to Sien the Pope drew his owne seruants to a conspiracy the conspiracy was detected and the traytors had the reward of their treason Innocentius who could not rest till he had done some Pontificall exploit against the life of this Prince stirred vp the Princes of Germany to thrust downe Fredericke and to set vp another first was set vp Henry Lantgraue of Thuringia this man besieging Vâ—…mes was wounded by the shot of an Arrow and shortly after resigned both his life and the Empire After this was William Earle of Holland set vp this man was slaine in the warres which he had gaged against the Frisians neither of these saith Naucler were numbred among the Emperours At last after so many secret traps laid for the life of this Prince behold the end of the Popes malice where strength faileth the Emperour was destroyed by poison King Iohn of England 124. THe King of England sped no better then others for by this vnbridled power of vsurped Iurisdiction King Iohn with the whole Kingdome was brought into great trouble and perplexity these troubles grew vpon a quarrell of Election betweene the Monkes of Canterbury and the Suffraganes in the seuenth yeare of King Iohn for after the death of Hubert Archbishoppe of Canterbury the Monkes without the knowledge of the King or respect of the Suffraganes chose Reynold the Subpriour of the house to be Archbishoppe who secretly went to Rome to haue this his election confirmed by the Pope but stay was made at Rome because he shewed not Letters commendatory from the King The Monkes perceiuing that without those letters commendatory they could not proceede made request to the King that they might chuse another whom the King might commend this the King liked well and commended Iohn Gray the Bishoppe of Norwich being his Chaplaine and President of his Counsell as Hollinshed saith but Mat. Paris whom he cyteth hath not so much The Monkes gladly obeyed the Kings request and madâ—… choise of this man but the Pope refusing both thrust vpon them Stephen Langton commanding and compelling so many of those Monkes of that Couent as were then at Rome to chuse him the King was herewith much moued because Stephen Langton was brought vp vnder the French King and bound to him betweene whom and King Iohn there was at that time much warre and dissention wherefore the King banished the Monkes that had chosen Stephen and wrote to the Pope that he had no reason to admit Stephen to such a place in his Kingdome a man promoted by the French King and at his commaund This contention continuing the Pope sent to the Bishoppes of England commaunding them to put the King and his land vnder the sentence of interdiction denouncing him and his land accursed The Bishoppes to whom the Pope wrote being by this time become the Popes subiects and sâ—…ruants and not the Kings which is the end which the Pope seeketh by his Iurisdiction denounced the interdiction and then fledde to Rome King Iohn seeing many fall from his obedience to the obedience of the Pope drewe his people to an Oath of Alleageance After this came Paâ—…dulph Legat from the Pope who after that he had beene here a while was commaunded by the Pope to repaire to the French King there with Stephen Langton to take Councell and to stirre vp the French to make warres vpon King Iohn Thus King Iohn was depriuâ—…d of his Gouernement his subiects absolued from their Alleageance by which practise many reuolted from him so that he was left weake and when the Popâ—… had thus weakned him then he set vp the French King in armes against him The issue was this The King circumuented by these practises of the Pope and oppressed being also bereaued of all helpe was forced to deliuer his Crowne to Pandulph and receiued it from him againe as from the Popes hands And thus was Stephen Langton made Archbishoppe this was done in the fifteenth yeare of King Iohn An. Dom. 1213. The Earle of Tholous 125. WHen Frederick the second liued so persecuted by the Pope as we haue declared a new and strange generation rose vp of a suddaine neuer seene in the world before starting vp like those armed Souldiers which the Poets faine to haue sprung vp suddenly of the Serpents teeth being sowed by Cadmus Such a serpentine generation of Friars were newly hatched at this time the first founders of them were Francis and Doâ—…inick For the Popes hauing a purpose to raise themselues aboue the Church and aboue Kings and Emperours as both by their profession and claime in the Canon Law and by their practise was apparant and for this purpose thundring out their excommunications vpon euery occasion practising this power in deposing Princes found themselues much crossed in these courses by Bishops and especially by the Bishops of Germany who stood out for a long time faithfull in the Church and couragious against the Popes tyranny Auentiâ—…us giueth many testimonies of the courage of the German Bishops as else-where also we haue obserued of the English Bishops for he writing of the times of Frederick the second the Bishops then saith he were not as now they are addict to the seruice of the Pope giuen to idlenesse and pleasure but learned industrious louing Christ and declaring their loue by feeding their flockes diligently These were not for the Popes purpose For in diuers Synodes they censured the Popes folly and ambition freely and withstood his tyrannie Then was the Church so gouerned by Bishops all matters so iudged and determined that the Pope might aduise but hee could not by authority attempt any thing in the Prouince of any Bishop thinges being guided by truth law the iudgement of the wisest and best learned in the Prouince and by the Councel and common consent of the Clergy of that Prouince Who had reason to know the estate of their Church and Prouince better then the Pope or any stranger could doe This godly order in the Church the Pope had a purpose to confound to oppâ—…esse the Bishops authority and to draw all power to himselfe Hoc iâ—…stitutum to vse the words of Aueâ—…tinus tollere antiquare Episcoporum autoruatem Labefactare ad vnius cuâ—…cta potestatem redigere complacitum est 126. This being the purpose of Popes
Dominion of Sicily for which hee was also excommunicated by the Pope and deposed After him Conradus sonne to Frederic the second obtained the Kingdome of Sicily and Apulia for which Pope Innocent the fourth deposed him from the Empire and set vp Guilliaâ—… Lantgraue of Thuring commanding the Princes to make choice of him Conrad being excommunicate and deposed maintained his right by strength of armes but was secretly taken away by the practise of poison This was supposed to be the practise of Mamphred 131. Mamphrâ—…d the bastard sonne of Frederick the second tooke and held possession of these Kingdomes after the death of 〈◊〉 Tâ—…is man was also excommunicated by the Pope and deposed the Pope seeking alwaies to bring this Kingdome vnder the obedience of the Church of Rome Pope Urâ—…an the fourth a French-man borne finding his owne power too weake to effect this Mastery ouer Sicily and Apulia gaue these Kingdomes which neuer were his to giue to Charles brother to the French King Lewes the ninth who was called S. Lewes This was the beginning of those troubles which afterward brought so great warres and bloud-shed and thereby wel-nigh the vtter ruine of Italy Charles King of Sicily and Conradinus 132. FOR Charles comming with an Army into Italy at the Popes motion ioyning battell with Mamphrâ—…d ouerthrew him and slew him in battell neare to Beneuentum Pope Clement the fourth succeeding Vrban the fourth vnderstanding that after the death of Mamphred Couradinus the sonne of Conradus then but yong prepared forces in Germany to recoâ—…er his inheritance of Sicily made Charles brother to the French King the Vicar of the Empire to giue him â—…trength against Conradinus and wrote Letters to all Christians forbidding all men to write to Conradinus as to the King of Sicily And to the Princes of Germany hee wrote likewise forbidding them vnder the terrible paine of excommunicatiâ—… to chuse Conradinus Emperour by which meanes the 〈◊〉 was without a Soueraigne Magistrate for the space of two and twenty yeares In which time Alphonsus King of Spaine and Richard Earle of Cornewall brother to Henry the third King of England contended for the Empire These had the titles of the Emperour bestowed vpon them by their friends but the Emperour was not placed till Rodolph Count of Habspurge was chosen In the meane time Charles grew strong in Italy being made by the Pope Vicar generall of the Empire 133. When Conradinus vnderstood thâ—…se practises of the Pope against him perceiuing that the Popes had a resolution to roote out the seede and vtterly to extinguish the blood of Frederic he wrote a lamentable Epistle deploring his owne fortunes and the Popes iniquities Innocent the fourth saith he hath ouerthrowne me an innocent man for Conradus my father King of Sicily left me yong and tender in the custody of the Church then Pope Innocâ—…ntins pretending my wealth professing himselfe a trusty Tutor inuaded the whole Kingdome and when once he had gotten the possession thereof he sought vnmercifully to extinguish my name and blood deuiding my lands and Countries and distributing the same among his owne kinsemen and Nephewes After his death Alexander succeeding inuited others into the possession of that Kingdom excluding mâ—… After his death Vrbanus dealt very inurbanâ—…ly for hee drewe Mamphred in excluding my selfe the true heyre The same Pope disanulling that match with Mamphred drew Charles to vndertake thâ—… businesse against my selfe After his death Clement vsed all indemency against me setting vp another King and not content herewith thundreth out his Processes against me thinking it a small matter that against God and against Iustice he hath robbed me of my Kingdome vnlesse he proceede also to take the title from me Last of all he hath established Charles Vicar of the Empire to preiudice and defeat me by all meanes Thus doth he complaine by which complaint we may vnderstand somewhat of the Popes purposes Conradinus gathered an Army and came into Italy the Pope as he passed by 〈◊〉 fome doe witnesse did prophesie his death which was not 〈◊〉 for him to doe when hee had so strongly prepared the meanes thereof Conradinus therefore was ouerthrowne by Charles and so was all the bloud of Frederick And thus was that noble line of the Dukes of Sueuia vtterly extinguished 134. When Charleâ—… had at the Popes suggestion made this distruction in the house of Sueuia the Popes not knowing how to liue in peace and quietnesse began to turn their malice vpon Charles And first Pope Nâ—…cholas the third onely fearing that Charles should be too great in Italy hauing no quarrell against hiâ—… tooke from hiâ—… the oâ—…fice of Deputy of Hetruria pretending that Râ—…dolph Emperour was therewith so much offended that vnlesse Charles would deliuer vp into his handes that regiment he would not vndertake the iourney to the holy land seâ—…ing that place belonged to the Emperour by right But when the Pope had gotten this both from the Emperor from Charles together with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Exarch of Rauenna he kept all saith Platina in his owne custody and thither he sent his Nephew Thus must all the world be troubled that principalities may bee procured to the Popes bastards This â—…ope saith 〈◊〉 had a desire to create two Kings in Italy of the Vrsini one of Hetruriâ—… against the French forces now placed in Sicily and Naples the other to be King of Lumbards against the Germanes and imperiall forces But first for the more speedy ouerthrow of Charleâ—… whom the former Popes had drawen into Italy as into a trap he conspired against him labouring by all his power to throw him out and therefore gaue his Kingdomes to Peter King of Arragon The great offence between Pope 〈◊〉 and Charles grew saith 〈◊〉 qâ—…ia 〈◊〉 aâ—…entiri noluit vt suâ—…s consanguineus contraheret cum 〈◊〉 Pontificis Charles would not agree that his kinred should match with the Popes kinred Pâ—…ter King of Aragon 135. PEter King of Aragon being thus drawne in to the quarrell of Sicily by Pope Nicholas the third For saith Naucler the Pope perswaded Peter to take the Kingdom of Sicily in the right of his wife Constance who was the daughter of Mamphred and Niece to Conradinus brought an Army into Sicily and inuaded the Kingdome But Martin the fourth who succeeded Pope Nicholas excommunicated Peter deposed him depriuing him also of the Kingdome of Aragon Thus were these Princes first drawne into bloudy wars by the Popes who sometimes inuited them and laughed vpon them as louing friends sometimes plunged them in bloud as taking a delite in their destruction Let the Princes of Christendom once awake and consider the sauage nature of this wilde beast that is not onely drunk with the bloud of Saints but fed also fat with the bloud of Princes Thus the Popes filled all Christendome full of bloud with their excommunications Are these Christs Vicars are these the censures of Christes Church Martin then excommunicated Peter gaue
of Christendome are to be intreated in the behalfe of God to remoue these greeuances from the Church which the insatiable couetousnesse of Popes brought in And seeing they haue remoued the Harpyes themselues why should they leaue the markes of their abhominable couetousnesse to the eternall oppression of the Church Why should these vncleane spoiles be found in the hands of godly Princes It would be the eternall honour of our Princes not to chaunge the oppressour but to remooue the oppression It was the honour of this land that when the Pope had oppressed all other Churches onely the Church of England was free Hanc consuetudinem omnes adâ—…isere praeter Anglos saith Naucler It was first imposed in the yeare one thousand and foure hundred it was not vsed in England when Naucler wrote as he witnesseth that is not before the yeare one thousand fiue hundred so odious an abuse so lately bred might soone be remoued if the cup of these sweete wines wherein the Pope began had not beguiled many men 152. When Boniface the ninth had begun this oppression much money was thereby gathered from the Clergie throughout the Emperours Dominions the money being thus collected was deteined by the greedy Emperour Wenceslaus from the more greedy Popes This turned the hearts of the Popes against him therefore Gregory the ninth deposed him and set vp Rupertus Count Palatine of Rhene against him George King of Bohemia 153. AFter the death of Ladislaus King of Bohemia who died without issue two great Kingdomes of Bohemia and Hungaria with the Duchy of Austria being vacant many Princes sought the Kingdome of Bohemia Charles King of Fraunce whose daughter Ladislaus married would haue placed one of his sonnes Casimire King of Polonia hauing married a sister sought it in her right so did Guilliam Duke of Saxony who married the elder sister of Ladâ—…slaus Sigismund and Albert Dukes of Austria were in good hope and Frederick the Emperour would haue had the administration of the Kingdome because the homage due to the Empire had beene neglected When the day of Election came 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was chosen King and afterward confirmed by Fredericke the Emperour but Paul the second finding that this George fauored the Hussites or as Platinâ—… saith daily withdrew himselfe from the body of Christianity meaning from the obedience of the Pope did excommunicate and depose him setting vp Mathiâ—… King of Hungary against him Mathiâ—… gaue the Bohemians a great ouerthrow in the yeare one thousand foure hundred and 〈◊〉 and with such mortall hatred was Pope 〈◊〉 set against this King that he sent many Bishoppes to negociâ—…te these warres and to raise vp the Hungarians and Germanes against him and so farre preuailed that he eâ—…tinguished all the posterity and discent of George and would saith 〈◊〉 vtterly haue rooted out all the name and memory of the Heretickes vnlesse the Polonians had stayed 〈◊〉 For the Polonians claimed the Kingdome of 〈◊〉 as due to them 〈◊〉 being already busied enough with the warres of the Turke thought good not to draw new troubleâ—… vpon himselfe by prouoking the Polonians Thus the Pope rested at that time contented with the blood of George and his children seeing the power of his malice could then proceed no further King Iohn of Nauâ—…rre 154. POpe Iulius the second the scourge of Christendome in his time vsed the like courtesie to Iohâ—… King of Nauarre for when this Vicar of Christ 〈◊〉 raised warres against the French King Iohâ—… King of Nauâ—…rre held as he had reason with the French King being a French-man by birth and hauing the greatest part of his paâ—…imony in Fraunce 〈◊〉 King of Arragon then fauoured the Pope This 〈◊〉 prepared warre against the French King and to turne the mindes and speech of all men vpon the French warres from that purpose which secretly hee intended hee intreated Henry the â—…ighth King of England to send him an Army to helpe him in the warres of Franâ—…e King Henry hauiâ—…g maried the daughter of Ferdinand sent him sixe thousand footmen these came to the Frontiers of France and there stayed long for the army of Ferdiâ—…nd who for his better passage into Fraunce required of Iâ—…hn King oâ—… Nauarre through whose Dominions hee was to passe that he would deliâ—…er vp to his hands three of the strongest Castles that he would demaund the request as vniust was denied by the King of Nauarre Ferdinaâ—…d referreth the matter to the Pope The Pope Iâ—…lius not regarding the iustice or iniustice of the cause pronounceth the King of Nauarre a Schismaticke and Hereticke for fauouring the French King and therefore depriueth him of his kingdome and giueth his right to Ferdinand Who thereupon sent his army of a suddaine against the King of Nauarre who fled into France Thus was the kingdomâ—… of Nauarre surprised and no title pretended sauing onely the Popes excommunication The state of Venice 155. IT were too long to recompt all the mischiefes and miseries that the Popes Excommunications haue brought vpon Christendome I haue collected the chiefe and most eminent and will end this discourse with the memory of that affliction and desolation which the Pope brought vpon the Venetians Iulâ—…s the second following the steppes of his predecessours brought an armie before Bononia besieged the towne and tooke it The familie of the Bentiuoli he vtterly ruinated killing some banishing other When thus hee had ouerthrowne the Bentiuoli Then he set himselfe in like sort to root out the Venetian name Ad venetâ—… 〈◊〉 excidiuâ—… saith 〈◊〉 The better to effect the malice against the Venetians he drew 〈◊〉 the Emperour the French King the King of Spaine the Duke of Ferrara and the Duke of Mantua into a league when first himselfe had excommunicated and câ—…sed them hee set all these vpon them at once The Pope made choice of a fit time to doe them the greatest hurt he could for a little before this the state of Venice was brought so low that a weake enemie might soone haue â—…dangered them hauing had their whole army brought vnto Internecion at Abdua after that ouerthrowen in a great battell by Lewes the French King their chiefe generals Liuianus taken prisoner Petilianus put to flight The Pope tooke the aduantage of this their weakenesse and seeing them falling labored to thrust them headlong that they might neuer be able to rise againe Mâ—…ximilian tooke Verona Vicetia Padway Carni the French King surprised Bergamum Brixia Cremona Crema the Spaniard wan Tranum Monopolis and Barletta in Apulia The Popes share was Rauenna Ariminum all Aemilia The Duke of Ferrara got Rodigium and the Duke of Mantua Asula Thus was that noble state brought in manner to vtter ruine 156. Iulius hauing thus satisfied his malice and obtained his purpose in some measure against the Venetians being ledde by a spirit that would giue him no rest began to turne his furious wrath in like sort against 〈◊〉 contrary to his faith often promised and
2. Ep. 10. 20. Cuspinian vit Fred. 2. Anno 1247. The Earle of Tholous Simon Montford Eaâ—…le of Leister when peace was concluded betweene Henry the third King of England the Barons fledde from England to France and put himselfe in the seruice of the French â—…ing â—…ian Anno 1245. Platin. Innocâ—…nt 3. Annâ—… 1263. Epist. Conradin apud Nauclerâ—… Generat 43. Quem cum Pontifex transeuntem vidisset prophetica voce vsus adolesceâ—…s dixit hic tanquam victimam ad caedem ducitur Naucler Platiâ—… Nichol. 3. Naucl. gener 43 Platin. Mart. 4. Naucler Mandans regi recognitionem regni facere sedi Apostolicae Naucler Naucl. gener 44. Naucl. gener 44. Platin. â—…onif 8. Naucl. gener 44. Plat. Bonif. 8. Polychron l. 7. cap. 39. Fatuitas vestra Anno 1038. Platin. Clem. 7. Clem. de sent re iudic pastoralis Anno 1313. Cuspinian Naucler Plat. Naucl. gener 45 Naucl. gener 45. Anno 1338. Paralipom Usperg Ora. in Auxent Cuspinian Naucler Anno 1346. Naucl. gener 45. Paralipom Vsperg An. 1346 Cuspinian vitâ—… Guntheri Cuspin in vitâ—… Caroli Vicecomites Auentin l. 7. Naucl. gener 46 Nauel gener 46 AEnaeas Siluius hist. Bâ—…hem cap. 33. Annâ—… 1379. Naucler Anno 1400. Naâ—…cl gener 47. Virgil. AEn li. 3. Naucler Platin. Paul 2. Palmer Platin. Paul 2. Nebress lib. 1. cap. 3. Onuphr Iul. 2. Qu. 1. art 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iustin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Q. 4. Artic. 2. In ordine ad spirituale bonum l. 5. c. 6. de Rom. Pont. Examination of M. George Blackwell Epist to Bellarmine Part. 2. cap. 4. Part. 2. cap. 5. Rom. 13. 4. Part. 2. cap. 5. Part. 2. cap. 22. Part. 2. cap. 22. Mat. 28. 18 Part. 2. cap. 23. Ibid. Ibid. Cap. 1. Cap. 2. Cap 93. Dist. 96. cap. cum ad verum Cap 93 Part. 2. cap. 22. * Septimo de Sent. c. lege secund de Sent. This Narration is wâ—…ten by Occhâ—…m extant in his workeâ—… Literae recitatoriae gestorum fratris Michaelis Cezenae inter opera Guilielm Octham Nauel â—…ner 45 Paradox Part. 2. cap. 2. Quest. 3. cap. 5. Quest. 3. cap. 6. Lib. 3. â—…ract 2. cap. 33. Ex regiâ—…tro collegij Mertonens Naucl. gener 45. VViclif complaint pag. 14. Mat. Paris Henric 3. 37. â—…n 1253. Mat. Paris Mat. Paris ibid. VViclifs complaint Artic. 2. Lib. de fundam legum Angliae ca. 36. pag. 424. De veritat Scriptur pa. 196 Ibid. Chapt. 7. §. 2â—… Naucl. gener 47. Ioh. Gerson lib. de auferibilitate Papae Sess. 5. Anno 1430. Sess. 38. Sess. 45. decretum quinque conclusionum Saluus conductus Boemorum conc Basil. sess 4. Ibid. sess 17. Sine omni Iurisdictione coactiua Concili Basil. Sess. 12. decretum citat contra Papam Ibid. Responsio Synodal de authorit concilij generalis super Papam quoslibet Epist. Synodal responsiua ad inuectiuam Eugenij Epistola Synodal ad vniuers Christi fidel de obediendo concil gener Lib. 1. de Concil cap. 7. Gerson de potest Eccles. consid â—… Answere to the fift part of Reports De potest Eccles. consid 4. Ibid. consid 4. Ibid. consid 8. Ibid. consid 10. Ibid. consid 12. Serm. pro viagio reg Rom. direc 1 Lib. de auferebilit Pap. consid 8. Ibid. consid 15. Written An. Dom. 1442. Apoc. 18. 4. Lib. 2. cap. 13. de Cathol Concord Ibid. Ibid. cap. 17. Ibid. Ibid. lib. 3. cap. 5. Ibid. Ibid cap. 13. Reperio eum semper presedisse cap. 16. Laici non habent vocem Synodalem sed tantum audire debent lib. 3. cap. 17. Lib. 3. cap. 24. Lib. 1. de gestis â—…asil concil Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid.
IVRISDICTION REGALL EPISCOPALL PAPALL WHEREIN IS DECLARED HOW THE POPE HATH INTRVDED Vpon the Iurisdiction of Temporall Princes and of the Church The intrusion is discouered and the peculiar and distinct Iurisdiction to each properly belonging recouered Written by GEORGE CARLETON IOHN 18. 36. My kingdome is not of this world if my kingdome were of this world my seruants would surely fight LONDINI Impensis Iohannis Norton 1610. THE CONTENTS OF THE SEVERAL Chapters of this Booke THe state of the question CHAP. I. That Kings in the time of the law of nature had all Ecclesiasticall power both of Order and Iurisdiction II. Externall coactiue Iurisdiction is a right belonging to Soueraigne Princes vnder the law III. Externall coactiue Iurisdiction was not left by Christ to his Church nor practised by the Church all that while that the Church was without Christian Magistrates IIII. Of the estate and Iurisdiction of the Church from the end of the first three hundred yeares vntill the yeare of Christ 600. V. Of the estate and Iurisdiction of the Church from the yeare of Christ 600. vntill the conquest of England VI. How the Papall Iurisdiction was aduanced from the time of the conquest and somewhat before vntill the yeare of Christ 1300. conteyning the meanes of raising that Iurisdiction by forgery Friars Oathes and the parts of the pretended Iurisdiction Inuestitures Exemptions lawes imposed Appellation deposing of Kings and absoluing their subiects from faith and Alleageance VII How this Iurisdiction after it was thus declared by the Popes Clerks was refuted by the learned men of the Church of Rome and repressed by Councels VIII TO THT MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD MY VERY GOOD LORD THE Lord Archbishop of CANTERBVRIE his Grace Metropolitan and Primate of al England and one of his Maiesties most Honourable Priuie Counsell IOb the man of God most Reuerend Father in God entring into the meditation of the care labor danger and deliuerance that we find in this present life compareth it for danger to a warfare for care and trauell to the dayes of an hireling which estate as euery member of the Church findeth in this life so the same is much more apparant in the whole Church which for the time of her warfare here as she is so is called militant As this assured and expected warfare from the beginning hath kept the Church in continuall exercise and watch against many and strong aduersaries so toward the end of this warfare that is toward the end of this world the aduersaries growing more skilfull more bòld and desperate then before the warfare must of necessitie bee made more daungerous The greatnesse of which daunger may draw the gouernours of the Church to a more sensible apprehension of their duties who according to the daunger of the Church cannot but vnderstand that their care industry vigilancy and courage must be increased for the preseruation of the peace and good of the Church of God which they gouern so that the malice industrie and desperate attempts of the aduersaries are to them so many prouocations stirring theÌ„ vp more carefully to watch Which care hath singularly appeared in your Grace who as a Generall in this warfare haue giuen no rest to your selfe but by preuenting the purposes of the enemies by espying their secrets by answering their present incounters by incouraging inferiours haue declared your carefull seruice in this warfare setting the battel in order and incouraging euery souldier in his proper standing and place vnder this conduct haue I vndertaken this peece of seruice for the opening the truth of â—…urisdiction of late so much oppugned defaced and confounded by the aduersaries Wherein as I can not promise any worth of my seruice so I shall bee able with a good conscience to challenge the reward of faithfull and sincere dealing The question I confesse requireth a man as skilful in distinguishing this confused masse of Iurisdiction which they now haue cast vpon the Pope as Archimedes was in examining the gouldsmithes fraude who hauing receiued a certaine Weight of gould of Hiero King of Sicily to make a goulden crowne which he would offer to his Gods stoale away much of the gold and put siluer in the place thereof rendring to Hiero his true weight againe To examine this fraud without melting of the crowne was a worke to exercise the great wit of Archimedes himselfe such is this masse of Iurisdiction wherin fraudulent workmen as they who confound gold siluer coper and brasse together haue taken the Iurisdiction of the Church and of kings and mingling both together adding much of their owne drosse thereto haue made it as a deceiptfull crowne to offer to their great God to set it vpon his hâ—…ad To distinguâ—…sh this confused maâ—…se to giue to each his own right was a thing wherin I fouÌ„d the greater difficulty because none of late yeeres hath troden this path before me whose footsteppes might haue directed me For the question of the Supremacy is handled learnedly worthithily by others who though they haue giuen some light to this question of Iurisdiction yet they doe it but in some passages not handling the question fully and purposely but by occasion sometimes falling into some parts thereof Wherefore I thought it would be a necessary seruice to the Church if this thing might be truely brought to knowledge and the fraudulent confusion of tâ—…is crowne of Iurisdiction standing vpon the proud head of the Pope examined distinguished the siluer seuered from the gold and the drosse from both As Iurisdiction lay thus confounded by those false workemen of Rome so at the first triall of it when it was examined by vnskilfull and deceitfull triars who fet the rules of their triall not from the truth but from ambition and adulation they taking vpon them to be triars of truth made things as bad or farre worse by their handling then they were before and so wrapped this question in newe difficulties For when Henrie the eight tooke this title of supreme head of the Church of England though the sounder and more iudicious part of the Church then vnderstood the words of that title so as no offence might iustly rise by it yet they that were suddenly brought from their olde opinion of perie not to the loue of the truth but to the obseruance of the Kings religion retained a grosse and impure sense of those words as most coÌ„monly by such is retained to this day For when Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester was at Ratisbon in Germanie vpon the Kings affaires he there taking occasion to declare the meaning of that title supreme head of the Church giuen to king Henrie the eight taught that the King had such a power that hee might appoint and prescribe new ordinances of the Church euen matters concerning faith and doctrine and abolish old as namely that the King might forbid the marriage of Priests and might take away the vse of the cup in the Sacrament of the
declared that the Reader may vnderstand what graue matters are handled in some Popish Councels In this Councell the excommunication against the Emperour was renued Whereupon such a ruine and vastation of Italy followed that nothing could bee seene there for a time but bloud-shed burnings robberies the State and Church confounded the true heires turned o◅t of their possessions robbers and oppressours thrust in All this moued not the Popes to remit Inuestitures The Emperour perceiuing that nothing could moue the Popes to loose so beneficiall a Pray no not the common calamity of Christendome was perswaded to yeeld to the Pope in the end in respect of the miseries that followed this contention And so resigned Inuestitures to the Pope Whereupon peace followed for a time Frederick Barbarossa 108. FRederick the first sirnamed Barbarossa is highly commended by the Writers of that age and of them that followed for a Prince of great worth wisedome and valour When he came into Italy the Pope met him not with a purpose to honor him but by him to be reuenged vpon the King of Sicily with whom the Pope was at variance Frederick receiued the Pope with great reuerence and as he lighted from his horse held the left stirrope This was made a great quarrell against Frederick and though he made his reasonable excuse that this was the first time that euer hee serued in that sort and might therefore be pardoned for any thing vnskilfully done that the office proceeding from good will it made not much matter on which side he came that came to reuerence him yet the Pope would not be satisfied but shewed himselfe so much offended that the Emperour began to be somewhat moued so that the parting was with some stomacke on both sides The next day the Emperour meeting the Pope helde the right stirrope to please him and when they were set the Pope thus began The Princes of auncient times your predecessours when they came to make petition for the Imperiall crowne were wont by some worthy office to promerit the fauour of the Church of Rome that by preuenting the blessing they might declare by some egregious seruice that the Crowne was due to them Thus did Charles by ouerthrowing the Lumbards Thus did Otho by defeating the Berengarij Thus did Lotharius by repressing the Normanes So must you doe and represse the King of Sicily with the Normanes and restore Apulia to vs and the Church and then you shall see what we will doe for our part The Emperour vnderstanding well how vnreasonable the motion was that Apulia which was by right a part of the Empire should be taken from the King of Sicily at the Emperors charges and bestowed vpon the Pope yet for that time did giue a moderate answer that he would goe into Germany returne with fresh forces for that seruice because these which were with him were much decayed 109. This mention of the King of Sicily draweth vs to speake somewhat of him our purpose being to obserue the practise of Popes in deposing of Kings William King of Sicilia held also Apulia as hee receiued it from his Father Roger to whom it came from Robert Guiscard who first draue out the Moores from thence and wonne the possession thereof This William because he would not giue Apulia to the Pope for inlarging of Saint Peters Patrimonie was excommunicated by Pope Hadrian the fourth deposed from his Kingdome his subiects discharged of their Oath and Alleageance And because William stood vpon his strength in his owne iust defence against the Pope therefore the Pope would gladly haue set Frederick the Emperour against him In the end William in feare partly of Frederick but especially of Immanuel the Greeke Emperour whose Orator Palaeologus promised to driue William out of Italy and to giue the Pope fiue thousand pound weight of gold if three Hauen Townes of Apulia might be giuen to his Master by couenant after the victory was driuen to compound with the Pope and being thus forced thereto did acknowledge that he held both those Kingdomes of the Pope 110. When Frederick the Emperour vnderstoode that the Pope had made a league with William and confirmed him in both the Kingdomes after that he had moued Frederick to vndertake the warres against him was not a little greeued thereat considering also other greeuances and oppressions of Germany Whereupon he began to execute some seuere discipline against certaine dissolute persons of the Clergy at which the Pope grew highly offended hereupon some sharpe letters passed betweene them as before we declared But when the Emperour prepared a iourney into Italy with an Army the Pope fearing the worst made meanes and was reconciled to him A little after when Frederick besieged Crema some Cities of Italy conspiring against him the Pope followed the first opportunity of rebellion and excommunicated the Emperour and cursed him Naucler declareth the motiue that drew the Pope to excommunicate the Emperour Data pecunia immensa Domino Hadriano Papae vt imperatorem excommunicaret A huge summe of money was giuen to Pope Hadrian to excommunicate the Emperour These be the Apostolicall censures and these be the meanes that draw his holinesse to depose Princes Pope Hadrian shortly after at Anagnia walking abroad to take the ayre as he would haue drunke a little water in a spring a flie falling in to his mouth stucke so fast in his throate that no helpe of Ph◅sicke preuailing to remoue her he was choaked therewith and died 111. I may not omit what Iohannes Flasboriensis a Writer in this time obserueth of this Hadrian as from him Naucler reporteth This Iohn affirmeth that he heard Hadrian confesse thus much No man liueth in the world more miserable then the Pope of Rome In this Sea haue I found so many miseries that in respect of this present estate all the bitternesse of my former life seemeth pleasure happinesse This ambition to seek the Papacy euen by shedding our brothers bloud this is to succeed Romulus in Paricide not Peter in feeding By this autentick testimonie of Pope Hadrian a witnesse without exception we see what it is to be a Pope Marcellus the secōd as Onuphrius reporteth in his life gaue the like censure of the Papacy adding thus much That hee saw no meanes how any Pope could be saued These are the testimonies of the Popes themselues who deserue to be beleeued speaking of a matter whereof they had so great experience After the death of Hadrian Alexander the fift being chosen Pope renueth the excommunication against Frederick thundering out great curses vpon him and sent letters abroad to all Princes and people to raise tumults against him The Emperour to pacifie the troubles of Christendome which were growing by the Schisme which then began betweene this Alexander and Victor the fourth entreated the French King in some conuenient place to meete him and to bring Alexander as he would also bring Victor to this