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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57125	A treatise of the necessity of humane learning for a Gospel-preacher shewing the use of I. Languages, II. Rhetoric, III. Logic, IV. Natural philosophy, V. Moral philosophy, VI. History, VII. Chronology, VIII. Arithmetic, IX. Geometry, X. Astronomy, XI. Geography, and the benefits of learning in all ages : also this question is determined, whether grace be essential to a minister of the Gospel? / by Edward Reyner ...	Reyner, Edward, 1600-1668.; Reyner, J. (John), b. 1624.	1663 (1663)	Wing R1232; ESTC R22136	152,217	372

Works of sundry Learned men stirred up by God to fetch the Arts back out of banishment Pag. 716 and 717. Mr. Trap names divers of them After that Humane Learning began thus to reflourish and lift up the head Divinity also that had been shamefully obscured and slurried with needless and endless Doubts and Disputes was vindicated and illustrated by the knowledge of Latine Greek and Hebrew In this fourteenth Age as also in the fifteenth and sixteenth Ages God raised up divers Worthies who by their Confessions Writings and Martyrdom gave a great and glorious Testimony to the Gospel of Christ and the Truths thereof as Wickliff Huss Hierom of Prague after them Luther Zuinglius Oecolampadius and many others Then grew up that golden Age of gracious and excellent Divines famous and matchless for depth of Learning and heighth of Holiness If the Times of greatest Ignorance Neglect and Contempt of humane Learning were the Times wherein Errors most prevailed Superstition and Idolatry was advanced and Truth suppressed and Popery did not fall till Learning did rise and if Religion flourished and was best defended when Learning most abounded then Learning is useful and needful for the Ministers of the Gospel SECT IV. Learning qualifies for all public Employments HUmane Learning qualifies Argum. 3. and is needful for all Persons in publick Places and Imployments as Kings Counsellors Judges Magistrates Lawyers Physicians for who would not take advice of Learned Lawyers about their Estates and of Learned Physicians for their Bodies and indeed for every ingenuous Imployment Henry the First King of England was bred up in Learning and such a Prizer of it as he used to say ☞ That An unlearned King was but a crowned Ass Then Learning is most needful for a Minister to fit and furnish him throughly for the work of the Ministery considering that no calling requires more abilities or acquired parts then the Ministry which work I. Is most Important Weighty and Worthy for it is the Minister's office to be conversant in the Matters of God and of Souls of Heaven and of Eternity which are of the greatest Interest and highest Concernment and of the largest and longest Consequence II. Is most comprehensive and manifold As 1. To give the Sense clear the Difficulties reconcile the Differences and seeming Repugnancies of the Scriptures 2. To handle positively all Points of Religion and to discuss and determine Controversies and Doubts about them 3. To resolve and satisfie Cases of Conscience and Scruples 4. Eph. 4.24 Gal. 5.1 To detect false Teachers and discover the many Evils Artifices Cheats Fallacies and Sophistries of Seducers and Impostors and of Satan in them whereby many poor simple Souls are deluded Therefore saith Paul Who is sufficient for these things 2 Cor. 2.6 Do not they call for the best accomplishments SECT V. Satan makes use of Learning to oppose the Truth LEarning is necessary to the Ministers of the Gospel Argum. 4. for defence of the Truth because Satan makes much use of Learning to oppose the Truth and fight against Religion to maintain his Cause uphold and promote his Kingdom and Satan makes choice and use of Learned men to be his Agents and Champions Advocates for Error and Adversaries to the Truth of God To this end 1. Satan stirred up Heathens who were endued with Learning to write books against the Christian Religion as Porphyry who was one of Julians bosom-birds Celsus Symmachus and others 2. Then Satan raised up Heretics within the Church men of corrupt minds destitute of the Truth but of Parts and Learning to devise defend and spread Errors Heresies and Blasphemies and resist the Truth of God with all their might as Arrius Nestorius Macedonius Donatus Pelagius and many others 3. How many learned Men hath Satan imployed and ingaged since in later times to be defenders of Popery or Romish-Idolatry as Jesuits and many others of Arminianism Socinianism Antinomianism Anabaptism Familism Libertinism and of several old Heresies newly raked up and revived It hath been the Jesuits brag that Imperium literarum est penes Jesuitas the Empire of Learning is within their Dominion and that we have not a Scholar Protestant 4. How hath Satan excited the Papists those friends of Antichrist and builders of Babylon to be at great pains cost and charges to advance Learning with them that they may the better overthrow the Truth of God with us Hence it is that they have errected so many Universities in Spain France Italy How are the Colledges of the Jesuits throughout the Pope's Dominions promoted so as to allure even foreiners thereunto Then do not the Protestant Reformed Churches stand in great need of Men eminently Learned to be able Defenders of the Faith and strenuous maintainers of the Truths of Christ against all Heathenish Heretical and Schismatical Adversaries thereof whether secret underminers or open opposers to convince and confute Learned Subtile Witty Adversaries as Heretics Jesuits and divers others May not Learning being well used be as great a help or advantage to the Truth and Cause of God as Learning abused is an hinderance to it an Engine or Bulwark for Errors Learning as one saith is part of the defensive Arms of true Religion Did not the Israelites need Smiths to make them Weapons to defend themselves against the Philistines as the Philistines did to offend Israel It is very observable how God accomplished some of his servants in all ages with excellent Gifts Graces and Learning to refute silence and non-plus the most acute and learned Adversaries of God's Truth and Grace which those times produced as Moses to withstand the learned Egyptians Athanasius to confute Arrius and Austin that learned Father to oppose Pelagius Jewel Whitaker Rainolds Cartwright Fulk Perkins men of great Learning to refute the Jesuits Moulin Ames Twiss to confute Arminius Yea the Devil can and doth sometime make use of Learning himself to serve his turn as he did in his speaking out of the possessed man See Mr. Rich. Rothwel's life in Mr Clark's Book of Lives John Fox in Nottinghamshire to Mr. Richard Rothwel he quoted many Scriptures out of the Old and New Testament both in Hebrew and Greek he cavilled and played the Critic and backed his Allegations with Sayings out of the Fathers and Poets in their own languages which he readily quoted So that the Company trembled to hear such things from the Man who understood not Learning nor moved either tongue or lip or rather from the Devil in the Man But Mr. Rothwel being not onely a gracious Man but a great Scholar was enabled by God to detect the Devil's Sophistry Was not his Humane Learning then of use to him SECT VI. Satan seeks by obstructing Learning to undermine Religion THe Necessity and Utility of Learning doth further appear by another Design of Satan Argum. 5. which is to undermine Religion by the obstructing of Learning and discouraging thereof This he hath practised by his Instruments

Athens was famous for the Study of Arts there was Plato's Academy hence Livy calls Greece Sal Gentium and in Egypt Alexandria yea the rude Indians had their Gymnosophists and the Romans had their Colledges of Augures I may add their Philosophers and Rhetoricians The Persians and Arabians had their Magi. Grotius in Mat. 2.1 The Gauls had their Druides All Sects whatsoever had their Schools to advance their Way Stephen met with some of them at Jerusalem Acts 6.9 and Paul at Athens Acts 17.18 It is observed that the Egyptians Chaldeans Babylonians Persians Grecians Romans erected Schools and by great Liberality and other ways promoted Learning and encouraged Scholars Now let us view the Schools of the Christians See Alsted Chron. cap. 30. ultim edit which upon the Planting of the Gospel were set up at Antioch and Alexandria the latter of which afforded many famous Men as Clemens Origen Ammonius Athanasius Didymus c. That the Primitive Church had her Schools wherein Youths did learn the Principles of Religion and the Liberal Arts and heard the holy Scriptures explaned and that Care was taken for setling Schools every where where Churches were built and for setting over them such Men as were invested with eminent Piety and Learning See Magdeb. Cent. 2. cap. 7. Cent. 3. c. 7. Ecclesiastical Histories do declare That there were many learned men in divers places in the first Ages of Christianity is an Argument that there were Schools in which they were educated In the time of Constantine the great when Religion had its free course the Christian Schools flourished which were after shut up by Julian It is observable that the University of Cambridge to which Chronologers give preheminence for Antiquity to most Universities in the World of a Christian Foundation was restored by Sigebert As Isaacson Alsted Helvicus a great Promoter of Christianity presently upon the Conversion of the East-Angles much furthered by him about the year of Christ 631. For there was a British Academy there long before of which some make Lucius the first Christian King of the Britains the Founder But it being ruined by the Saxons and the Britains shut up in Wales Dubritius a great Champion of the Truth against the Pelagians as was also David his Scholar who held a Synod against their Errors instituted an Academy in the latter end of the fifth Century on the River Wye and after at Caer-lion on Usk in Monmouthshire where many eminent Men were educated Of which see Mr. Fuller's Church-History of Britain This Necessity and Use of Schools Universities and Learning is as great now under the Gospel if not greater in some respects as ever it was under the Old Testament And God hath plentifully furnished all Countries that have entertained the Gospel of Christ especially all the reformed Churches in Europe with famous Schools and Academies and he hath wonderfully blessed them as these in England See Dr. Arrowsm●h 1. Orat. Antiweigel p. 3. Scotland Ireland and those in the Low-Countreys in Germany the Palatinate Bohemia so that these Universities have trained up and sent forth learned able eminent Scholars and godly Men choice useful Instruments of God's Glory and Service both in Church and Commonwealth The use and need of Schools and Universities which is evident in the holy Scriptures and by the light of Reason and practise and experience of all Nations as they are the means of Learning Qui vult finem vult media Fints est nobilior mediis infers and evinceth the need of Learning as it is the end thereof especially for the Ministers of the Gospel As there is necessity of Schools and Universities so of study and industry in them for the attainment of Learning For we cannot expect God should communicate these Gifts to us by Miracle or immediate infusion of the Spirit as he did to his Apostles but they must be acquired through the use of ordinary Means forementioned which to contemn or neglect and depend upon immediate and miraculous Infusions and Revelations is to tempt the good Spirit of God and to provoke him to give us up to strong delusions and to give heed to seducing Spirits and to doctrines of Devils Inspiration of such common gifts must be supplied by Education The way Paul directed Timothy unto even in reference to Ministerial abilities was Give attendance to reading 1 Tim. 4.13 c. meditate upon these things give thy self wholly to them that thy profiting may appear to all ver 15. As Timothy had not health by Miracle but in the use of Means 1 Tim. 5.23 so neither had he Gifts for the Ministery by Miracle but by Study In the Platform of Church-discipline agreed upon in the Synod at Cambridge in New England cap. 6. num 6. it 's said This we gladly acknowledge that Schools are both lawful profitable and necessary for the training up of such in good Literature or Learning as may afterwards be called forth unto the office of Pastor or Teacher in the Church Scholae non immerito vocantur Emporia Mercaturae bonarum literarum Scminaria Ecclesiae armamentaria Reipublicae vivaria Oeconomiae officinae Pietatis magistrae Humanitatis fontes Honestatis scaturigines Utilitatis nervi Morum Disciplinae horti Gratiarum uno verbo Cornu-copia omnimodae felicitatis O felices Ecclesias quibus haec pietatis domicilia sunt adjuncta Alsted in Orat. de causis corrupt Schol. Of the causes and uses of Publick Divinity Schools see Zanch. tom 7. orat 1. who saith in his fourth Tom. lib. 1. Thes 2. in quartum praeceptum pag. 812. It should be the great care of a pious Prince or Supreme Magistrate that beside the public and Ecclesiastical Ministery Schools should be constituted wherein beside Humane Learning and the Liberal Arts the holy Doctrine of Religion should be faithfully delivered to youth to conserve heavenly Doctrine in the Church c. and that maintenance should be provided for both Afterwards we see saith Zanchy that the Gentiles and all Nations Pag 813. that were not altogether Barbarous took care hereof whereby their Religion might be conserved and propagated for they saw Sine Scholis non posse consistere vel Religionem vel etiam Politiam that without Schools neither Religion nor Policy could consist that Nature it self should teach a Christian Prince that it is his office to take care of Schools and Colledges He adds Jeroboamus ille impius Rex Apostatarum ab Ecclesia c. That wicked Jeroboam King of Apostates from the Church and Kingdom of Juda as he corrupted Religion so he also overthrew the Schools in the Towns of the twelve Tribes because he knew that the purity of Doctrine and Religion was conserved there by the faithful Prophets But afterwards Elias and Elisha his Disciple knowing that Religion could not be kept pure without Schools restored them and when the wicked Kings had transferred the Revenues which were due to maintain the

studied Greek at Stutgard and Hebrew at Heidelberg Anno 1515. he was call'd to be Preacher and Pastor at Basil and commenced Dr. in that University about the same time that Erasmus came to Basil to print his Annotations on the New Testament for the perfecting whereof he used the assistance of Oecolampadius a man saith he (a) In his Preface to his Annotat on the New Testament eminent not only for piety but for skill in three Languages and confessed he was much helped by him The Writers of his Life give this character of him that he was a worthy instrument of advancing the truth of Christ which he defended against Eckius and Faber and others He was very successful in appeasing Sects and contentions that arose in the Church His fame both for piety and learning spread so abroad that Philip Prince Elector Palatine committed his youngest son unto his tuition He was a diligent faithful Preacher of the Gospel and promoter of Reformation in the Church into which he brought the right administration of the Sacraments and the censure of Excommunication He declared his judgement against the Mass and other Popish doctrines against sprinkling with holy water and many superstitious actions to which his doctrine sinking into his auditors hearts put a period He was famous in the City of Basil SECT X. The after-Promoters of Reformation were Learned I Have briefly declared the Learning of the former Modern Divines who first set Reformation of Religion on foot to wit their Education in Learning their study and increase of it and the means thereof scil Schools and Universities their need and use of it as to the work God gave them to do and the success thereof in their generation Now followeth 2. The Learning of the latter Divines Century 16 17. who carried on the work of Reformation vigorously in Doctrine and worship that was happily begun by the former and were Eminent for Learning as well as for Piety and were very instrumental in promoting the truth of God and in defending it against the Adversaries of it and in extirpating Errors Heresies and Superstitions and many of them were Pillars in the Church of God famous in the work of the Ministery for their labors in Preaching and also in Printing and for the success of both in the conversion of sinners and edification of Saints and the confirmation of staggerers and reduction of the erroneous in the planting and watering of Churches Who have set forth so many Learned Systemes Commentaries and Tractates and Disputations of Divinity as former Ages cannot parallel Their number being very great and their Lives being largely described by many Writers I shall refer you to them for information concerning their Learning and Godliness and usefulness what blessings they were in their Generation and onely name some of them that were of chief Note Outlandish Divines Paulus Fagius Cent. ●6 17. Martin Bucer Philip Melancthon Peter Martyr Wolfgangus Musculus John Calvin William Farel Peter Viretus Stephen Zegidine Peter Ramus Benedictus Aretius Henry Bullinger Emmanuel Tremellius Zachary Ursin Martin Chemnitius Ralph Gualter Hierom Zanchy Anthony Sadeel Lambert Danaeus Theodore● Beza Daniel Tossanus Francis Junius Luke Trelcatius Amandus Polanus David Pareus John James Grynaeus Abraham Scultetus John Piscator English Divines John Frith Thomas Bilney William Tindal John Rogers Laurence Sanders Rowland Tailor John Bradford John Juel William Whitaker Alexander Nowel William Perkins John Rainolds Thomas Holland Robert Abbat Andrew Willet Robert Bolton William Wheatly Dr. Sibbs Dr. Taylor Dr. Preston Scottish Divines John Knox. Robert Bollock Cum multis aliis Vide Melch. Adamum de vit is Theologorum tum Germanorum tum exterorum The later Divines may be refered to three heads according to the several Forms of Church-discipline which they held forth in judgement and in practice Episcopal Presbyterial Congregational What man hath been famous and eminently instrumental in the work of the Ministry for labours and success under any of these Forms who have not been Learned or endued with a good measure of acquired parts as of knowledge in the Tongues and Arts. 1. For Episcopacy How many very Learned Laborious Godly Bishops hath England bred as Hooper Latimer Ridley Cranmer who were most zealous couragious faithful Martyrs for Christ and for the Truth And many since who have been famous for their Learning and Labors both in Preaching and Printing and for their piety and charity who by their worthy works yet speak though they be dead as Bishops Jewel Abbot Babington Cowper Davenant Downame Hall Usher who was a Magazine of Learning and Mirror of Sanctity Humility and Charity Beside many other pious Learned and useful men who were for Episcopacy though they were not Bishops 2. For Presbytery The old Non-conformists who opposed Episcopacy and Ceremonies were many of them Learned men Dr. Ames in his preface to Mr. Bayn's Diocesan's Tryal saith that Mr. Deering More Greenham Perkins Rogers Cartwright Fenner Parker Philips Hieron Bradshaw Brightman Dr. Rainolds Dr. Fulk and Whitaker with many others were apprehended as men agreeing in one spirit having had indeed the spirit of glory resting on them as their Works do shew together with those Letters Testimonial which they left written in the hearts of many thousand Christians To these may be added Gerson Bucer Century 16 ●● John Dod Arthur Hildersham Robert Nicols John Ball Richard Rothwel Paul Bayns who were all as really Learned as truly Godly famous for their great Abilities and Labors Read their Lives and you shall see the same made out fully and clearly Besides many pretious Divines of great Note for Holiness and Learning both formerly and lately yea even at this day in all the Reformed Churches not onely in England and Scotland but in other Countries who were and are for Presbytery The Assembly of Divines that sate at Westminster by Authority of Parliament was a Demonstration of the excellent Learning of the Ministers of the Presbyterian Judgement 3. For Independency or the Congregational way Many Ministers of this both in Old England and in New have been choicely Learned and excellently accomplished with Gifts as well as Graces as Reverend holy and Learned Dr. Ames Mr. Jeremiah Burroughs Mr. Sidrach Simpson ☞ Mr. Carter Mr. Strong with many others some deceased others yet living Many Pastors and Teachers in the Churches of Christ in New England were eminently Learned as well as exemplarily Godly and very famous and successful in Ministerial Labors as Mr. Thomas Hooker Mr. Peter Bulkeley Mr. Davenport Mr. Thomas Shepherd Mr. Allen. Mr. George Philips Mr. Norton And Mr. John Cotton B. D. whose Name is as an ointment poured forth a most deservedly famous man of God of whom Mr. Norton his Successor as Teacher of the Church in Boston in New England relates In his Narrative of Mr. Corton's Lafe and Death that he was a General Scholar studious to know all things the want whereof might in one of his