law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o â—_z of_o merchant_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n which_o law_n merchant_n he_o say_v as_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v of_o that_o law_n 3._o non_fw-la erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la haec_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n he_o say_v further_a that_o until_o he_o understand_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n he_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n that_o england_n entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o port_n and_o so_o much_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concern_v merchant_n or_o ship_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v those_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n mariner_n to_o which_o happy_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o french_a agent_n mention_v ancient_a addition_n of_o the_o realm_n relate_v be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o ancient_a black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o certain_a royal_a ordinance_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o realm_n 2_o the_o judgement_n or_o resolution_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o 3_o certain_a verdict_n give_v upon_o a_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n touch_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n mr._n selden_n style_v it_o 28._o vetusti_fw-la tribunalis_fw-la maritimi_fw-la commentarii_fw-la and_o codex_fw-la manuscriptus_fw-la de_fw-la admiralatu_fw-la and_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n 32._o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o worthy_a of_o observation_n constitution_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o touch_v the_o judgement_n or_o law_n of_o oleron_n 254._o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n mr._n selden_n where_o he_o from_o they_o argue_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o regard_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o do_v publish_v the_o sea_n law_n in_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n say_v that_o they_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n likewise_o argue_v 234._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v there_o make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1376._o in_o the_o 49._o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o by_o eighteen_o expert_a seaman_n before_o william_n nevil_n admiral_n of_o the_o north_n philip_n courtny_n admiral_n of_o the_o west_n and_o the_o lord_n latimer_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o relate_v as_o by_o the_o title_n appear_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o former_a time_n the_o verdict_n there_o give_v be_v desire_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n in_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o thames_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o owner_n master_n and_o mariner_n of_o ship_n under_o penalty_n 17._o etc._n etc._n and_o malines_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v they_o enroll_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 2_o that_o general_o where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n several_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 37._o gregorius_n tholosanus_n say_v judicum_fw-la diversorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la eo_fw-la dirigitur_fw-la ut_fw-la light_n facilius_fw-la expediantur_fw-la ne_fw-la immortales_fw-la sint_fw-la sub_fw-la judicibus_fw-la mole_n negotiorum_fw-la occupatis_fw-la &_o proinde_fw-la cum_fw-la commercia_fw-la hominum_fw-la sint_fw-la maximae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la placuit_fw-la negotiatoribus_fw-la proponi_fw-la proprios_fw-la judices_fw-la and_o according_o first_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o special_a and_o proper_a judge_n appoint_v for_o those_o business_n so_o suidas_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o natodicae_fw-la be_v magistrate_n who_o do_v justice_n to_o seaman_n and_o other_o who_o trade_n by_o sea_n and_o the_o athenian_n have_v a_o express_a law_n to_o that_o purpose_n atticis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o action_n concern_v seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v commence_v before_o the_o judge_n call_v the_o smothetae_fw-la according_a to_o their_o instrument_n of_o contract_n and_o deal_n second_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o officer_n call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la by_o tully_n and_o livy_n 14._o and_o javolenus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o seius_n saturninus_n archigubernius_fw-la classis_fw-la britannicae_n and_o tacitus_n of_o praetor_n classis_fw-la which_o name_n import_v a_o power_n of_o judicature_n in_o latter_a time_n they_o have_v also_o a_o magistrate_n who_o be_v call_v comes_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la commercijs_fw-la who_o office_n be_v to_o oversee_v matter_n of_o commerce_n or_o negotiation_n three_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v break_v into_o several_a state_n the_o lesser_a as_o republic_n have_v their_o consul_n and_o the_o great_a kingdom_n have_v their_o admiral_n to_o order_n and_o determine_v those_o business_n the_o office_n of_o the_o consul_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o consolato_fw-la del_fw-it mare_fw-la consoli_n determinano_n â—utti_v le_fw-fr controversy_n 20._o etc._n etc._n the_o consul_n determine_v all_o controversy_n which_o be_v for_o fraight_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o good_n on_o shipbord_n for_o part_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v set_v to_o sale_n at_o a_o outcry_n for_o commission_n give_v to_o master_n and_o mariner_n for_o debt_n contract_v by_o master_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o thing_n promise_v or_o undertake_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n for_o good_n take_v up_o at_o sea_n and_o general_o for_o all_o other_o contract_n and_o business_n which_o be_v declare_v among_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n 27._o four_o the_o venetian_a state_n be_v a_o seignory_n when_o any_o great_a war_n be_v expect_v or_o undertake_v have_v their_o general_n or_o supreme_a commander_n of_o the_o navy_n who_o be_v of_o as_o high_a a_o esteem_n as_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o all_o officer_n and_o other_o of_o the_o navy_n at_o other_o time_n the_o legatus_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o vice-general_n have_v the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o over_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o galley_n and_o other_o person_n of_o the_o navy_n 17._o they_o have_v beside_o four_o consul_n who_o judge_n and_o determine_v all_o matter_n concern_v negotiation_n and_o trade_n 26._o five_o admiral_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o beginning_n as_o most_o affirm_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n and_o that_o in_o magna_fw-la graecia_n which_o be_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n where_o the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n be_v the_o three_o place_n to_o wit_n after_o the_o vice_n roy_fw-fr admire_v and_o constable_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o building_n repair_v and_o keep_v of_o the_o ship_n royal_a and_o set_v out_o of_o the_o fleet_n for_o war_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o have_v also_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a among_o commander_n officer_n and_o other_o employ_v about_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o who_o get_v their_o livelihood_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o art_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v such_o which_o transport_v in_o ship_n and_o adventure_v their_o estate_n by_o sea_n as_o also_o such_o that_o make_v it_o their_o trade_n to_o take_v fish_n or_o do_v build_v ship_n this_o court_n be_v call_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n only_o to_o the_o supreme_a
the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n assert_v against_o sr._n edward_n coke_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o xxii_o chapter_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n by_o richard_n zouch_v doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o late_a judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n london_n print_v for_o francis_n titan_n and_o thomas_n dring_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o their_o shop_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1663._o thomas_n foley_n of_o great_a witley_n court_n in_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n esqr._o to_o the_o reader_n i_o do_v certify_v and_o attest_v that_o the_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n assert_v etc._n etc._n by_o dr._n zouch_n be_v deliver_v into_o my_o hand_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o to_o be_v print_v and_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o have_v dedicate_v to_o his_o royal_a highness_n james_n duke_n of_o york_z lord_n high_z admiral_z of_o england_n drs_n commons_o febr._n 25._o 1663._o tim._n baldwyn_n assertion_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n 1._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v in_o use_n and_o esteem_v and_o particular_o in_o england_n special_a law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o regulate_v the_o same_o 2._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o to_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 3._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o sea_n affair_n as_o also_o in_o england_n certain_a cause_n viz._n all_o such_o as_o have_v relation_n to_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v hold_v proper_a for_o their_o conusance_n 4._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n 5._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v business_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 6._o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n as_o touch_v damage_n do_v to_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n annoyance_n of_o free_a passage_n and_o unlawful_a fish_n 7._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n relate_v to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 8._o that_o the_o court_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n do_v intermeddle_v with_o and_o interrupt_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o cause_n proper_o belong_v to_o that_o court_n 9_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o subject_n thereof_o than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n sir_n edward_z coke_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n cap._n xxii_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n admiralitatis_fw-la against_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n concern_v prohibition_n grant_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 11_o febr._n penultimo_fw-la die_fw-la termini_fw-la hillarii_n admiral_n anno_fw-la 8._o jac._n regis_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o complaint_n be_v after_o by_o his_o majesty_n commandment_n set_v down_o in_o article_n by_o dr._n dun_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v with_o answer_n to_o the_o same_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o they_o afterward_o confirm_v by_o three_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o law_n 1._o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 2._o by_o judgement_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o last_o by_o book_n case_n complaint_n certain_a grievance_n whereof_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v especial_o complain_v and_o desire_v redress_v 1._o that_o whereas_o the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n the_o same_o be_v make_v tryable_a at_o the_o common-law_n by_o suppose_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o cheapside_n or_o such_o place_n answer_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o conusance_n power_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n but_o every_o such_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n rise_v within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n and_o also_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n aught_o to_o be_v try_v determine_v discuss_v and_o remedy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o before_o or_o by_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n in_o any_o manner_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o water_n infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la aquae_fw-la but_o whether_o it_o be_v upon_o any_o water_n within_o any_o county_n wherefore_o we_o acknowledge_v that_o of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quereles_a make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o within_o any_o county_n from_o whence_o no_o trial_n can_v be_v have_v by_o twelve_o man_n the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o no_o precedent_n can_v be_v show_v that_o any_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v for_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n concern_v any_o marine_a cause_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n take_v that_o only_o to_o be_v the_o sea_n wherein_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v before_o by_o law_n describe_v to_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n see_v more_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o six_o article_n when_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o admiralty_n upon_o bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 2._o wherein_o the_o commom-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n yet_o in_o these_o cause_n prohibition_n be_v award_v against_o the_o admiral_n court_n bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n answer_n wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n precedent_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o article_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o consign_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n but_o if_o any_o indenture_n bond_n or_o other_o specialty_n or_o any_o contract_n be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n or_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n and_o give_v ordinary_a remedy_n in_o these_o case_n neither_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n nor_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v any_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o when_o this_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v deal_v therewith_o in_o derogation_n of_o the_o common-law_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v 3._o whereas_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o admiral_n court_n have_v use_v to_o take_v stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o court_n it_o be_v now_o affirm_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n that_o the_o admiral_n court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o not_o able_a to_o take_v such_o stipulation_n and_o hereupon_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n answer_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o can_v take_v any_o such_o recognisance_n as_o a_o court_n of_o record_n may_v do_v and_o for_o take_v of_o recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v and_o if_o a_o erroneous_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o that_o court_n no_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o a_o appeal_n to_o certain_a delegate_n do_v lie_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8_o eliz._n reginae_fw-la cap._n 5._o which_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n 5._o that_o charter-party_n make_v only_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o the_o sea_n 4._o be_v daily_o withdraw_v from_o that_o court_n by_o prohibition_n if_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o any_o city_n answer_n port_n town_n or_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n although_o it_o be_v
but_o which_o be_v whole_o distinct_a from_o the_o same_o in_o the_o first_o case_n he_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o allege_v the_o cause_n of_o action_n to_o arise_v within_o the_o new_a create_a jurisdiction_n because_o prima_fw-la fancy_n nay_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v general_a jurisdiction_n of_o those_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o late_a case_n as_o of_o the_o admiralty_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v maritime_a there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o aver_v it_o to_o have_v be_v do_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o any_o of_o those_o court_n and_o for_o confirmation_n thereof_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshalsey_n stand_v partly_o upon_o the_o statute_n articuli_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n and_o the_o word_n of_o that_o statute_n be_v as_o restrictive_a as_o any_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o marshal_n can_v hold_v plea_n in_o some_o case_n unless_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o king_n household_n nor_o in_o any_o case_n unless_o one_o of_o the_o party_n be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o declaration_n be_v good_a although_o it_o be_v not_o aver_v therein_o that_o any_o of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n and_o therefore_o a_o fortiori_fw-la it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o admiralty_n to_o specify_v in_o the_o libel_n the_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v do_v super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n be_v more_o distinct_a from_o the_o common_a law_n than_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o marshalsey_n that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n 9_o be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n how_o much_o the_o maintenance_n and_o advancement_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n and_o subject_n thereof_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v 28._o who_o say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v the_o livelihood_n of_o a_o merchant_n and_o the_o life_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o subject_a have_v interest_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o good_a bailiff_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o export_v and_o vent_v the_o native_a commodity_n and_o to_o import_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o necessary_a commodity_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n frame_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32._o of_o henry_n the_o 8._o chap._n 24._o set_v forth_o that_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v environ_v with_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n merchandize_n and_o commodity_n by_o land_n but_o only_o by_o ship_n and_o that_o the_o navy_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o intercourse_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o a_o great_a defence_n and_o security_n to_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o to_o offend_v and_o defend_v as_o also_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o many_o master_n mariner_n and_o seaman_n and_o also_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a maintenance_n and_o supportation_n of_o city_n town_n havens_n and_o creek_n near_o adjoin_v unto_o the_o seacoast_n likewise_o that_o of_o the_o 43._o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o declare_v that_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o comfort_n and_o encourage_v the_o merchant_n thereby_o to_o advance_v the_o general_a wealth_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o king_n custom_n and_o strength_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 37._o it_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o those_o who_o maintain_v trade_n by_o sea_n in_o all_o nation_n and_o state_n there_o have_v be_v special_a judge_n appoint_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n concern_v trade_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o such_o judge_n have_v be_v direct_v to_o proceed_v at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v best_o consist_v with_o the_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n and_o least_o hinder_v or_o detain_v man_n from_o their_o employment_n â—_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o at_o athens_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o suit_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o those_o vacation_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v bar_v or_o in_o those_o month_n when_o navigation_n be_v restrain_v so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o salmatius_n eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la oritur_fw-la arcturus_n navigationes_fw-la svas_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la desinebant_fw-la mercatores_fw-la domumque_fw-la redibant_fw-la boedromion_n quip_n mensis_fw-la qui_fw-la septembri_n respondet_fw-la quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la ferè_fw-la arcturus_n oritur_fw-la terminus_fw-la erat_fw-la navigationum_fw-la atticarum_fw-la ideo_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la mense_fw-la munichiâ—nem_fw-la usque_fw-la quo_fw-la mense_fw-la iterum_fw-la se_fw-la mari_fw-fr committebant_fw-la ac_fw-la vela_fw-la dabunt_fw-la mercatores_fw-la athenienses_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la desidebant_fw-la &_o light_n svas_fw-la disceptabant_fw-la ut_fw-la videre_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la demosthenem_fw-la adversus_fw-la apaturium_fw-la cujacius_n among_o the_o roman_n likewise_o for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o cause_n concern_v sea-business_n the_o judge_n be_v order_v to_o proceed_v levato_fw-la velo_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr plano_fw-la without_o that_o solemnity_n and_o formality_n which_o be_v use_v in_o ordinary_a court_n and_o cause_n so_o in_o italy_n spain_n and_o france_n the_o judge_n proceed_v in_o cause_n concern_v the_o sea_n summary_o and_o in_o a_o more_o compendious_a way_n than_o other_o judge_n use_v and_o the_o like_a as_o sir_n john_n davies_n relate_v have_v seem_v to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n our_o parliament_n say_v he_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o a_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n make_v the_o 11._o of_o edward_n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la make_v the_o 13._o of_o edward_n 1._o but_o also_o have_v allow_v a_o court_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n different_a from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 27._o of_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o from_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v by_o law-merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o any_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o and_o of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o which_o direct_v that_o such_o cause_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v order_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n and_o as_o in_o discretion_n shall_v seem_v most_o convenient_a all_o which_o be_v and_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o in_o many_o cause_n proceed_v at_o any_o time_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n summary_o and_o according_a to_o equity_n but_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v observe_v in_o court_n of_o common_a law_n which_o be_v open_v only_o in_o term_n time_n and_o proceed_v in_o a_o ordinary_a and_o strict_a way_n second_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o those_o who_o use_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n the_o law-merchant_n and_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n admit_v of_o divers_a thing_n not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o may_v be_v better_o insist_v on_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o be_v likewise_o declare_v by_o sir_n john_n davyes_n relate_v several_a instance_n to_o that_o purpose_n 1._o if_o two_o merchant_n say_v he_o be_v joint_a owner_n or_o partner_n of_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint_a contract_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o