again_o among_o we_o menace_v a_o no_o less_o total_a subversion_n than_o what_o let_v into_o europe_n that_o inundation_n of_o saracen_n turk_n goth_n and_o other_o barbarous_a people_n be_v melancholy_a prospect_n let_v we_o but_o compare_v the_o time_n period_n and_o revolution_n present_a schism_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o this_o degenerate_a fanatic_a and_o self-interessed_a age_n and_o how_o little_a of_o generous_a and_o public_a spirit_n moral_a probity_n sober_a bravery_n and_o true_a christian_a there_o be_v among_o we_o with_o the_o cause_n and_o accident_n of_o those_o desolation_n in_o the_o eastern_a world_n subject_a to_o that_o once_o glorious_a empire_n and_o see_v if_o ever_o any_o age_n do_v more_o resemble_v it_o and_o whether_o something_o like_v to_o turcism_n beside_o coffee_n do_v not_o at_o last_o emerge_n and_o spring_n from_o this_o cataclysis_n and_o medley_n of_o opinion_n abound_v among_o we_o and_o no_o religion_n not_o let_v we_o imagine_v or_o 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all_o his_o mistress_n to_o represent_v some_o deess_n for_o which_o justin_n martyr_n reproach_n the_o pagan_n worship_v their_o courtesan_n what_o will_v that_o holy_a man_n now_o have_v say_v to_o those_o christian_n who_o not_o only_o set_v up_o and_o enthrone_v their_o misses_n picture_n over_o their_o altar_n to_o represent_v the_o b._n virgin_n with_o the_o babe_n in_o her_o arm_n but_o kneel_v and_o pay_v their_o devotion_n to_o they_o but_o so_o painter_n with_o poetic_a liberty_n quidlibet_fw-la audendi_fw-la set_v up_o and_o enshrine_v these_o fair_a sinner_n as_o so_o many_o idol_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v cleopatra_n dress_v like_o diana_n sabina_n the_o wife_n of_o hadrian_n like_v to_o juno_n faustina_n with_o venus_n as_o in_o another_o rare_a medal_n we_o see_v she_o mount_v upon_o a_o pegasus_n carry_v she_o up_o to_o the_o cloud_n and_o so_o of_o other_o all_o of_o they_o mark_n of_o deification_n for_o such_o in_o medal_n be_v those_o who_o appear_v veil_v and_o 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virtuous_a queen_n dowager_n from_o all_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o monarch_n of_o england_n be_v of_o the_o first_o in_o christendom_n that_o pretend_v to_o the_o arch_a crown_n and_o as_o for_o the_o french_a till_o their_o first_o francis_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n content_v with_o a_o open_a flowery_a bordure_n only_o little_a different_a from_o the_o ducal_z coronet_n which_o some_o of_o the_o saxon_n have_v of_o silver_n and_o other_o wear_v the_o copped_a helmet_n as_o cnutus_n the_o great_a miter-like_a but_o more_o of_o crown_n see_v in_o a_o disseration_n of_o m._n de_fw-fr cange_n whilst_o by_o the_o way_n we_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o famous_a donative_n pretend_v to_o be_v from_o the_o great_a constantine_n wherein_o among_o other_o particular_n which_o impostor_n will_v obtrude_v on_o the_o world_n for_o authentic_a but_o which_o have_v unlucky_o discover_v the_o fraud_n this_o be_v one_o
sculptor_n nay_o the_o whole_a mystery_n of_o engrave_v make_v and_o temper_v of_o the_o stamp_n and_o die_v with_o the_o impressive_a engine_n mechanical_o describe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr phelibien_fw-fr in_o his_o principle_n of_o architecture_n and_o sculpture_n to_o which_o accurate_a piece_n i_o recommend_v the_o curious_a chap._n vii_o of_o mint_n and_o of_o the_o most_o skilful_a artist_n author_n collector_n and_o collection_n how_o to_o methodize_v and_o dispose_v of_o medal_n for_o the_o cabinet_n and_o library_n with_o some_o reflection_n on_o the_o modern_a clip_v and_o diminution_n of_o coin_n among_o the_o many_o admirable_a and_o useful_a invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o loss_n of_o the_o mechanical_a part_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v to_o be_v deplore_v but_o more_o that_o since_o the_o break_n in_o of_o those_o barbarous_a people_n who_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o loss_n and_o of_o that_o glorious_a empire_n it_o be_v not_o restore_v to_o any_o tolerable_a form_n or_o regulation_n by_o any_o more_o honest_a and_o skilful_a undertaker_n than_o such_o as_o be_v first_o employ_v about_o the_o money_n especial_o in_o these_o northern_a part_n and_o here_o in_o england_n at_o that_o time_n so_o little_a polish_a and_o so_o very_o ignorant_a as_o not_o to_o discern_v how_o great_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o impose_v on_o whilst_o they_o total_o commit_v the_o coinage_n and_o management_n of_o the_o mint_n to_o certain_a cunning_n and_o avaritious_a jew_n genoeses_n and_o crafty_a italian_n not_o at_o all_o inferior_a to_o the_o jew_n in_o all_o the_o art_n of_o knavery_n and_o dishonest_a gain_n it_o be_v by_o these_o that_o prince_n be_v universal_o circumvent_v and_o under_o pretence_n of_o bring_v vast_a advantage_n to_o the_o public_a persuade_v to_o admit_v of_o these_o many_o alteration_n debasement_n of_o the_o species_n and_o advancement_n of_o the_o coin_n above_o its_o genuine_a and_o universal_a value_n which_o never_o end_v without_o the_o loss_n impoverishment_n and_o ruin_n of_o their_o subject_n whilst_o those_o miscreant_n grow_v excessive_o rich_a by_o their_o fraud_n and_o extortion_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o know_v little_o more_o of_o the_o ancient_a mint_n greek_a or_o roman_a than_o that_o every_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n have_v common_o their_o respective_a mint_n and_o some_o of_o they_o two_o or_o three_o as_o of_o ii_o iii_o four_o etc._n etc._n beside_o other_o peculiar_a mark_n for_o those_o of_o old_a the_o place_n of_o minting_n we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o circular_a inscription_n at_o large_a e._n g._n in_o that_o of_o m._n antoninus_n lugduni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o exerg_n p._n or_o s._n tr._n signata_fw-la or_o percussa_fw-la treveris_fw-la p._n ar._n arles_n as_o in_o one_o of_o helena_n mother_n of_o constantine_n con._n ob._n constantinopoli_fw-it obsignata_fw-la m.s._n ant._n antioch_n with_o the_o numeral_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o like_a of_o other_o great_a city_n as_o of_o the_o latin_a md._n ps_n mediolani_n percussa_fw-la and_o many_o beside_o which_o though_o carry_v on_o they_o the_o name_n of_o spain_n germany_n egypt_n arabia_n and_o other_o remote_a place_n may_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o be_v roman_a coin_n and_o medal_n not_o seldom_o bear_v the_o figure_n or_o symbolum_n represent_v the_o province_n as_o that_o of_o the_o coney_n do_v spain_n which_o the_o learned_a bochartus_n derive_v from_o saphan_n in_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n to_o signify_v that_o little_a animal_n abound_v in_o that_o country_n these_o monetariae_fw-la officinae_fw-la have_v their_o praefecti_fw-la aerarii_fw-la institute_v by_o augustus_n quaestor_n treasurer_n and_o other_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o but_o the_o great_a and_o paramount_n superintendent_n magistrate_n of_o they_o all_o be_v the_o triumvir_n master_n indeed_o of_o the_o mint_n and_o of_o all_o the_o flandi_fw-la feriundi_fw-la periti_fw-la have_v the_o sole_a fabrication_n of_o all_o the_o three_o metal_n and_o be_v of_o such_o high_a authority_n that_o he_o frequent_o stamp_a money_n and_o medal_n bear_v his_o own_o head_n and_o effigy_n name_n and_o title_n like_o a_o king_n but_o this_o privilege_n be_v exceed_o abate_v by_o that_o emperor_n who_o after_o he_o have_v divide_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n between_o he_o and_o the_o senate_n leave_v to_o they_o the_o coin_n of_o copper_n only_o reserve_v that_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o royal_a metal_n to_o himself_o wherefore_o very_o rare_o or_o never_o find_v we_o any_o of_o their_o name_n after_o tiberius_n though_o the_o roman_a coin_n be_v a_o long_a time_n after_o current_n here_o those_o of_o silver_n therefore_o in_o which_o we_o sometime_o meet_v the_o triumvir_n s.c._n or_o in_o those_o copper_n with_o trib_o potest_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o may_v look_v upon_o as_o strike_v before_o augustus_n time_n the_o like_a office_n we_o be_v tell_v by_o cambden_n be_v settle_v here_o at_o london_n by_o the_o great_a constantine_n who_o as_o appear_v coin_v money_n in_o the_o city_n in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n p._n land_n s._n pecunia_fw-la londini_fw-la signata_fw-la or_o p.l.n._n under_o the_o comes_fw-la largitionum_fw-la together_o with_o the_o glorious_a title_n of_o praepositus_fw-la thesaur_n augustensium_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la since_o the_o decadency_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o ancient_a money_n bear_v ordinary_o the_o prince_n head_n sometime_o his_o name_n only_o and_o upon_o the_o reverse_n a_o blunt_a cross_n or_o like_a figure_n with_o notice_n of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v coin_v and_o in_o other_o the_o name_n of_o the_o monetarie_a and_o none_o else_o triumvir-like_a very_o frequent_a in_o our_o saxon_a coin_n and_o those_o of_o the_o frank_n with_o sometime_o a_o i_o fecit_fw-la which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o grave_a procopius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v not_o set_v their_o picture_n at_o all_o upon_o their_o money_n till_o they_o have_v first_o obtain_v leave_v of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n though_o le_fw-fr blanc_n deny_v it_o and_o even_o with_o we_o when_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o considerable_a payment_n be_v make_v honest_o that_o be_v by_o weight_n it_o be_v without_o any_o head_n or_o effigy_n whether_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o in_o france_n where_o they_o still_o employ_v divers_a mint_n capital_a letter_n a._n b._n c._n etc._n etc._n without_o alter_v the_o inscription_n show_v the_o place_n of_o coin_v as_o paris_n lion_n tholouse_n aix_n amiens_n nants_n bourdeaux_n poitiers_n etc._n etc._n in_o like_a manner_n with_o we_o in_o england_n there_o be_v divers_a country_n and_o city_n beside_o london_n where_o money_n be_v stamp_v some_o upon_o occasion_n for_o a_o time_n only_o other_o that_o have_v ius_n monetae_fw-la by_o peculiar_a privilege_n we_o have_v a_o considerable_a mint_n at_o calais_n in_o picardy_n and_o in_o some_o place_n more_o than_o one_o for_o london_n have_v no_o few_o than_o eight_o canterbury_n as_o many_o within_o one_o five_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o abbot_n rochester_n have_v three_o two_o the_o king_n one_o the_o prelate_n dover_n reculver_n in_o kent_n in_o essex_n chichester_n lewes_n hastings_n one._n york_n wallingford_n ipswich_n shaftsbury_n shrewsbury_n derby_n leicester_n worcester_n lincoln_n norwich_n exeter_n chester_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o cowell_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v mint_n erect_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n and_o wherever_o the_o king_n council_n think_v convenient_a for_o those_o numerous_a fabric_n be_v always_o very_o chargeable_a and_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o public_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o wise_a prince_n restrain_v they_o to_o as_o few_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o possible_o they_o can_v king_n charles_n the_o first_o coin_v indeed_o both_o at_o oxford_n newark_n shrewsbury_n and_o i_o think_v at_o york_n and_o pontfract_n but_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n whilst_o the_o stand_a mother-mint_n be_v and_o still_o continue_v at_o the_o tower_n where_o yet_o no_o gold_n have_v be_v stamp_v before_o edward_n the_o three_o some_o affirm_v he_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o coin_v groat_n though_o small_a piece_n be_v in_o use_n since_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o afterward_o halfpence_n and_o farthing_n of_o which_o and_o all_o other_o obsolete_a small_a and_o wretched_o mint_v coin_n british_a saxon_a danish_a etc._n etc._n see_v the_o note_n before_o cambden_n already_o mention_v and_o what_o we_o find_v in_o his_o remain_n concern_v our_o mint_n at_o present_a in_o the_o tower_n the_o author_n of_o england_n notitia_fw-la give_v a_o particular_a account_n and_o of_o the_o several_a officer_n and_o establishment_n there_o together_o with_o their_o salary_n very_o accurate_o as_o i_o believe_v which_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n i_o have_v somewhere_o read_v be_v heretofore_o a_o certain_a portion_n of_o the_o