Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	henry_n	king_n	reign_n	10,875	5	8.4221	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06789	The maintenance of free trade according to the three essentiall parts of traffique; namely, commodities, moneys and exchange of moneys, by bills of exchanges for other countries, or, An answer to a treatise of free trade, or the meanes to make trade flourish, lately published. ... By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17226; ESTC S120064	50,433	116

the_o same_o by_o commonwealth_n ●…gnorant_a man_n deny_v principle_n and_o by_o other_o ●…eanes_v here_o not_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o ●…gland_n be_v say_v the_o say_a author_n the_o superfluity_n 〈◊〉_d plate_n general_o in_o private_a man_n hand_n here_o he_o ●…th_v omit_v to_o note_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n consume_v in_o the_o make_n of_o silver_n thread_n spangle_n purl_n oaes_n and_o the_o like_a which_o upon_o late_a examination_n of_o the_o right_n ho●…urable_a henry_n vizcount_n mandeville_n lord_n ●…esident_n be_v find_v to_o amount_v 80._o thousand_o ●…unds_n and_o upward_o yearly_a whereas_o the_o plate_n ●…ade_v in_o london_n be_v only_o but_o 50._o or_o 60._o thou●…d_a etc._n pound_n worth_a which_o remain_v as_o a_o stan●…ng_a treasure_n when_o the_o other_a be_v wear_v and_o con●…med_v leave_v but_o some_o part_n to_o be_v melt_a a●…ine_n and_o if_o the_o plate_n be_v convert_v into_o ●…oneys_n without_o all_o doubt_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o be_v transport_v have_v his_o weight_n and_o ●…ine_a nesse_n and_o afford_v 12._o in_o the_o 100_o gain_v abo●…_n the_o exchange_n in_o two_o month_n and_o less_o time_n a_o exchange_n hereof_o we_o have_v yet_o fresh_a 〈◊〉_d memory_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o fren●…_n king_n charles_n the_o nine_o who_o after_o the_o massa●…_n of_o paris_n find_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o real●…_n exhaust_v and_o his_o subject_n wealth_n to_o con●…_n more_o of_o plate_n then_o of_o ready_a money_n be_v a●…_n vise_v by_o some_o that_o under_o colour_n of_o the_o sup●…_n press_v of_o pride_n it_o be_v good_a to_o prescribe_v 〈◊〉_d very_a man_n what_o store_n of_o plate_n he_o shall_v keep●…_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n &_o quality_n &_o the_o rest_n 〈◊〉_d be_v turn_v into_o money_n other_o be_v of_o opinio●…_n that_o it_o will_v not_o only_o breed_v a_o discontent_a un●…_n his_o subject_n but_o also_o a_o derogation_n and_o dish●…_n nour_n to_o the_o king_n reputation_n with_o forra●…_n nation_n see_v that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o pri●…_n strength_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o streng●…_n therefore_o like_o good_a politician_n advise_v t●…_n king_n somewhat_o to_o embase_v his_o money_n under_o t●…_n standard_n of_o the_o plate_n which_o will_v cause_v t●…_n less_o exportation_n and_o the_o plate_n of_o course_n 〈◊〉_d be_v turn_v into_o money_n and_o this_o be_v do●…_n according_o and_o have_v also_o the_o same_o effect_n s●…_n ve_v that_o where_o they_o think_v money_n wo●…_n not_o be_v transport_v they_o find_v themselves_o d●…_n ceive_v for_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o lo●…_n k_v into_o which_o not_o be_v answer_v accordi●…_n to_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n make_v a_o gai●…_n by_o the_o underualuation_n of_o they_o in_o exchang●…_n and_o so_o long_o as_o the_o gain_n remain_v it_o be_v con●…inually_o transport_v whereby_o at_o last_o the_o plate_n of_o the_o realm_n turn_v into_o money_n be_v lose_v ●…swell_o as_o he_o lose_v his_o money_n before_o that_o time_n and_o ●…o_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o england_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n this_o eight_o who_o grant_v ●…everall_a letter_n patent_n or_o authority_n to_o di●…ers_n of_o his_o noble_n to_o make_v base_a money_n of_o ●…heir_n own_o plate_n which_o do_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o ●…o_v himself_o but_o a_o present_a shift_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v the_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n i_o have_v ●…eretofore_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o manufacture_n view_n thereof_o in_o england_n upon_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o silver_n to_o be_v procure_v from_o foreign_a part_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o find_v of_o late_a such_o unreasonable_a consumption_n of_o silver_n therein_o spend_v after_o the_o refine_n thereof_o and_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o goodnnesse_n by_o the_o wierdrawer_n it_o please_v his_o majesty_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n to_o forbid_v the_o same_o late_o by_o proclamation_n and_o to_o admit_v the_o foreign_a silver_n thread_n to_o come_v in_o whereby_o our_o silver_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v but_o the_o quantity_n also_o be_v increase_v because_o after_o the_o wear_v a_o good_a part_n remain_v in_o burn_a silver_n whereas_o the_o silk_n lace_n be_v consume_v to_o nothing_o and_o such_o be_v the_o gain_n of_o silver_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o low_a exchange_n by_o bill_n underualue_v gai●…_n our_o money_n that_o purl_n &_o oaeses_n in_o some_o sort_n prepare_v here_o have_v be_v by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n transport_v of_o purpos●…_n to_o melt_v the_o same_o down_o there_o for_o the_o make_n of_o money_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o diverse_a certificate_n from_o dart_n in_o holland_n the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d ware_n england_n be_v the_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o i_o have_v always_o call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d verballance_v of_o those_o commodity_n with_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o price_n and_o not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o quantity_n and_o the_o comparison_n hereof_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n and_o the_o return_v of_o it_o make_v by_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o silk_n linner_n cloth_n cambric_n lawn_n and_o other_o the_o like_a commodity_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o merchant_n aduenturour_n which_o have_v the_o main_a trade_n and_o buy_v these_o commoditis_fw-la proportionable_o dear_a then_o they_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n etc._n which_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o many_o reason_n to_o proceed_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v both_o way_n sell_v and_o buy_v be_v there_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o overballance_a do_v expel_v our_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o it_o be_v give_v to_o boot_n to_o other_o nation_n to_o countervail_v this_o inequality_n let_v they_o consider_v of_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o money_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n commodity_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o be_v abate_v and_o to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a in_o foreign_a part_n &_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n that_o our_o money_n be_v continual_o transport_v second_o the_o money_n be_v transport_v take_v away_o the_o lively_a course_n of_o traffic_n of_o our_o say_a commodity_n and_o cause_v young_a merchant_n to_o run_v by_o exchange_n upon_o bill_n to_o maintain_v their_o trade_n pay_v great_a interest_n for_o money_n which_o they_o can_v take_v up_o at_o use_n upon_o their_o single_a bond_n as_o they_o can_v do_v by_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n without_o surety_n this_o cause_v the_o say_v young_a merchant_n and_o other_o to_o make_v rash_a sales_n of_o their_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o pay_v their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o they_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o and_o make_v they_o to_o sell_v good_a cheap_a so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o coin_n be_v overvalued_n in_o exchange_n and_o also_o enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v increase_v more_o than_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o our_o merchant_n be_v compel_v of_o course_n to_o make_v return_v thereby_o for_o they_o can_v import_v those_o overvalue_v money_n but_o to_o their_o exceed_a great_a loss_n and_o by_o exchange_n they_o find_v few_o taker_n unless_o it_o be_v our_o young_a merchant_n which_o do_v consume_v their_o estate_n by_o exchange_n &_o rechange_n for_o of_o the_o trade_n three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n we_o have_v but_o the_o use_n of_o one_o which_o be_v the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o make_v return_v homeward_o and_o do_v increase_v the_o consumption_n of_o the_o say_a ware_n money_n remain_v hereby_o plentiful_a beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o they_o make_v bill_n obligatory_a serve_v as_o ready_a money_n which_o they_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o between_o man_n and_o man_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n or_o ware_n cause_v there_o a_o lively_a course_n of_o trade_n whereby_o their_o commodity_n be_v advance_v in_o price_n &_o sale_n neither_o be_v they_o compel_v to_o sell_v they_o but_o at_o their_o price_n because_o they_o find_v money_n at_o interest_n at_o 5._o and_o 6._o in_o the_o hundred_o this_o money_n be_v make_v daily_o more_o plentiful_a by_o our_o spanish_a merchant_n which_o do_v divert_v the_o real_n of_o spain_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v many_o time_n sell_v better_o cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o here_o for_o although_o merchant_n do_v lose_v thereby_o they_o make_v account_v to_o gain_v

be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n alter_v there_o according_o will_v have_v the_o like_a consideration_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v provoke_v he_o thereunto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n the_o english_a merchant_n may_v bring_v over_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la wherein_o he_o shall_v become_v a_o gainer_n this_o course_n be_v agreeable_a to_o justice_n and_o the_o gentium_fw-la law_n of_o nation_n and_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v as_o former_o but_o keep_v all_o in_o due_a order_n with_o those_o consideration_n caution_n and_o prevention_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o to_o prevent_v all_o inconvenience_n proceed_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o fall_v general_o upon_o money_n all_o man_n in_o the_o indear_n of_o thing_n and_o particular_o upon_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n in_o their_o rent_n and_o contract_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n land_n now_o before_o we_o come_v to_o answer_v some_o objection_n make_v against_o this_o remedy_n let_v we_o examine_v what_o time_n the_o old_a observer_n and_o experience_n the_o best_a schoolmaster_n of_o man_n life_n have_v manifest_v touch_v the_o raise_v of_o money_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o 34._o defective_a remedy_n before_o declare_v it_o be_v record_v in_o a_o ancient_a book_n that_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n do_v raise_v the_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n from_o 20_o penny_n to_o 30_o penny_n and_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o from_o 30_o penny_n to_o 40_o penny_n and_o after_o he_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o after_o many_o sending_n to_o foreign_a prince_n about_o mint_n affair_n and_o exchange_n perceive_v the_o price_n of_o money_n continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v in_o the_o 18._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o angel_n noble_a to_o be_v value_v from_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n unto_o seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o present_o after_o to_o 7_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n whereby_o every_o ounce_n of_o starlin_n silver_n be_v worth_a 45_o penny_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o effect_v thereby_o the_o money_n still_o alter_v beyond_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o cardinal_n wolsey_n have_v letter_n patent_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n afterward_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o 22._o year_n of_o chronicle_n his_o reign_n perceive_v that_o diverse_a nation_n bring_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n into_o his_o realm_n and_o receive_v money_n for_o it_o which_o money_n they_o ever_o deliver_v to_o other_o merchant_n by_o exchange_n and_o never_o employ_v the_o same_o on_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o custom_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o utter_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v there_o allege_v his_o majesty_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a act_n and_o statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v for_o feite_n which_o take_v effect_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v it_o not_o be_v of_o that_o moment_n nor_o the_o principal_a mean_a to_o do_v it_o after_o this_o follow_v the_o embase_v of_o money_n and_o then_o all_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n do_v rise_v immoderate_o which_o make_v the_o native_a commodity_n to_o rise_v at_o the_o farmer_n and_o another_o tenant_n hand_n and_o thereupon_o gentleman_n do_v raise_v the_o rent_n of_o their_o land_n and_o take_v farm_n to_o themselves_o and_o make_v enclosure_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n be_v dear_a be_v make_v dear_a through_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n as_o be_v already_o note_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchange_n neglect_v because_o upon_o the_o base_a money_n no_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o other_o nation_n counterfeit_v the_o same_o and_o fill_v the_o kingdom_n with_o it_o and_o so_o carrien_n out_o the_o good_a staple_n ware_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o it_o this_o raise_n of_o money_n be_v augment_v afterward_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n in_o the_o high_a degree_n by_o one_o full_a three_o part_n from_o 45._o penny_n the_o ounce_n unto_o 60._o penny_n or_o 5._o shilling_n starlin_n standard_n but_o the_o exportation_n do_v never_o cease_v because_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v run_v always_o under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n still_o afford_v a_o gain_n between_o the_o say_a exchange_n and_o money_n which_o cause_v the_o say_a exportation_n and_o so_o will_v it_o be_v still_o if_o this_o be_v not_o prevent_v by_o direction_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n much_o like_a unto_o the_o table_n keep_v dover_n at_o dover_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o to_o receive_v the_o passenger_n money_n and_o by_o exchange_n in_o specie_fw-la for_o it_o beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o make_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o this_o course_n of_o exchange_n so_o direct_v be_v the_o only_a mean_a and_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n by_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o all_o other_o remedy_n be_v defective_a as_o experience_n will_v prove_v and_o demonstrate_v if_o good_a thing_n can_v be_v favour_v the_o statute_n of_o employment_n must_v also_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v the_o remedy_n more_o complete_a with_o a_o register_n also_o to_o record_v the_o money_n which_o foreign_a mariner_n do_v receive_v for_o freight_n come_v from_o norway_n and_o other_o place_n which_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o voyage_n in_o one_o year_n as_o also_o many_o other_o ship_n bring_v corn_n into_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o export_v money_n for_o it_o the_o turk_n persian_a and_o russian_a have_v herein_o be_v more_o politic_a than_o we_o keep_v the_o price_n russian_a of_o their_o exchange_n high_a much_o above_o the_o ualuation_n of_o their_o money_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o trade_n by_o exchange_n nor_o money_n but_o only_o for_o commodity_n whereby_o they_o prevent_v the_o over_o balance_v of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o they_o as_o also_o the_o exportation_n of_o their_o money_n albeit_o the_o use_n of_o our_o commodity_n in_o those_o country_n be_v very_o great_a the_o objection_n make_v by_o some_o against_o this_o sole_a remedy_n may_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o supposition_n against_o assure_a experience_n 1._o some_o make_v doubt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n objection_n be_v rise_v there_o will_v be_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n and_o then_o the_o deliverer_n be_v more_o thrust_v upon_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n 2._o other_o say_v that_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v sell_v their_o cloth_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v receive_v a_o loss_n in_o the_o make_n over_o of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o 3._o other_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vent_v their_o cloth_n according_a to_o the_o high_a exchange_n especial_o now_o that_o the_o same_o be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o will_v have_v the_o matter_n of_o reformation_n defer_v until_o a_o other_o time_n the_o first_o objection_n be_v answer_v before_o that_o the_o taker_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n who_o will_v not_o answer_n give_v his_o money_n by_o exchange_n under_o the_o true_a value_n according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o deliverer_n be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n here_o will_v soon_o be_v thrust_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n whereas_o some_o of_o the_o discreet_a sort_n will_v not_o have_v that_o statute_n too_o firma_fw-la strict_o press_v upon_o the_o stranger_n because_o the_o trade_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v into_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o second_o the_o proclamation_n limit_v a_o time_n for_o execution_n give_v merchant_n ability_n to_o recover_v their_o money_n or_o to_o sell_v their_o bill_n of_o debt_n for_o money_n or_o to_o buy_v commodity_n for_o they_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o the_o three_o