under Boniface the 8th when the Papal Power was at the highest about two hundred years before Huldericus Zuinglius began to preach the Gospel or indeed was born But from that time to this all things there have been in the greatest Tranquility and Quiet that was possible not only in relation to foreign Wars but intestine Commotions so that if it were a sin to deliver their Country from a foreign Dominion which oppressed them with great Insolence and Tyranny yet it is unjust and absurd to load the Reformation with the Crimes of others or them with those of their Fore-fathers 14. BUT O immortal God! Shall the Bishop of Rome accuse us of Treason Will he pretend to teach the People Subjection and Obedience to Magistrates Or has he any regard to Majesty Why then does he suffer himself to be call'd by his Flatterers the LORD OF LORDS which none of the ancient Bishops of Rome ever did as if he would have all Kings and Princes whoever they were and wheresoever be no better than his Vassals and Slaves Why does he boast that he is the KING OF KINGS and that he has the Right of commanding them as his Subjects Why does he force Emperors and Monarchs to swear Obedience to him Why does he boast that his own Majesty is seventy seven times greater than the Majesty of the Emperor and that forsooth because God made two great Lights in Heaven and because the Heavens and the Earth had not two several but one single Beginning Why have he and his Followers in that like the Anabaptists and Libertines shaken off the Yoke and exempted themselves from the Jurisdiction of all Civil Powers that they might with the greater liberty and security plague the World 15. WHY has he his Legats that is a crafty sort of Spies as it were in ambush in the Courts Councils and Chambers of all Kings Why doth he as his Interest requires set Princes at variance amongst themselves and at his pleasure fill the Earth with Seditions Why does he proscribe and take for an Heathen and Pagan whatever Prince withdraws himself from his Dominion and promise his Indulgences so freely if any man will by any means whatsoever assassinate his Enemys Doth he preserve Empires and Kingdoms or at all consult and desire the Publick Peace You ought O pious Reader to pardon us if these things seem a little more sharp and eager than becomes a Divine for so great is the Provocation so great and so impotent with all is the Ambition of the Popes that it cannot be expressed in other or milder Words For he had once the Insolence to say in a publick Council that all the Authority of all the Kings in the World depended upon him He out of Ambition and Desire to Rule distracted the Roman Empire and tore in pieces the Christian World he absolved the Italians and amongst them himself from the Oath wherein they were obliged to the Emperor of Greece with great perfidy and solicited his Subjects to revolt from him and call'd Charles Martell the Great out of France into Italy and after a new and till then unheard of manner made him Emperor He deposed Chilperick King of France an innocent Prince only because he did not like him and set up Pipin in his Place He would if he had been able have cast out Phillip the Fair another King of France and have adjudged the Kingdom of France to Albert King of the Romans He broke the Power of Florence tho his own Country which was then a most flourishing City and changing its free and peaceable State he delivered it up to the Lust of one man He made all Savoy to be torn in pieces by the Emperor Charles the 5th on the one side and Francis the First King of France on the other scarce leaving to the miserable Duke one City to shelter himself in 16. I am weary of Examples and indeed there is nothing more troublesome than to enumerate the great Actions of the Popes of Rome of this nature I pray of whose Party were they who poisoned the Emperor Henry the 7th in the Eucharist and they who did the same to Pope Victor in the holy Chalice Who exercised the same Art upon our King John of England in a common Table Cup whoever they were and of what Party soever this is certain they were neither Lutherans nor Zuinglians Who is it that at this day permits the greatest Kings and Monarchs to kiss his Feet Who is it that commands the Emperor to hold his Bridle and the King of France his Stirrup Who was it that cast Francis Dandalus Duke of Venice and King of Crete and Cyprus under his Table to gnaw the Bones with the Dogs who crowned Henry the 6th the Emperor at Rome not with his Hands but with his Feet and then with his Foot kicked his Crown off again adding that he had power to create Emperors and to depose them Who armed Henry the Son against Henry the 4th his Father and caused the Son to take his Father Prisoner and having shaven and treated him ignominiously to cast him into a Monastery where he pined away with Hunger and Sorrow who was it that trod insolently upon the Neck of the Emperor Frederick and as if this had not been a sufficient Affront subjoyned out of the Psalms of David Thou shalt walk upon the Asp and the Basilisk and shalt tread the Lion and the Dragon under thy Feet Where is there such another Example of despised and injured Majesty in all History except in Tamberlane the Scythian a fierce and a barbarous Prince and in Saphores King of Persia All these were Popes all of them Successors of St. Peter all most Holy Men whose Words were every one of them to be Gospel to us 17. IF we be guilty of Treason who reverence our Princes who submit to them in all things as far as the Scriptures will permit us what then are these Men who have not only done all these base things but have also extol'd them as generous Actions Do they thus teach the People to revere Magistrates or can they with any Modesty accuse us of being Seditious Men the Disturbers of the Publick Peace and Contemners of the Majesty of Princes For as for us none of us shake off the Yoke nor imbroil Kingdoms nor dispose of Empires nor do we reach Poison to our Kings nor put out our Feet to them to kiss nor do we insultingly tread upon their Necks No our Profession our Doctrine is this That every Soul whose ever it is whether it be a Monk or an Evangelist or a Prophet or an Apostle it ought to be subject to Kings and Magistrates and so the Pope himself except he affect to seem greater than the Evangelists Prophets and Apostles ought to acknowledge and call the Emperor his Lord as the ancient Popes in better times ever have done We publickly teach that
horrible Crimes as Schism and Rebellion only on pretence to avoid that Popery that Superstition that was only in their own Fancies and Prejudices How can one and the same Church be persecuted justly for being too much and too little Reformed Why have you separated from her Liturgy and Rites who pretend to imbrace her Doctrines Or if you must needs separate why yet should you imbrue your hands in the Blood of your Soveraign and fellow Subjects on that account Supposing you were in the right this would not justifie you Christ never propagated his Church by Blood and Treason but by Sufferings and Obedience The truth is this Church hath been persecuted because she alone of all the Churches in Europe has had the Blessing and singular Favour of God to reform with Prudence Moderation and an exact and regular Conduct after great and wise Deliberations by the consent of our Bishops Convocations States and Princes without Tumults or hasty Counsels and accordingly here was nothing changed but upon good Advice after the most irresistable Conviction that it was contrary to the Word of God the Sentiments of the Holy Fathers and Councils and the Practice of the truly Primitive and Apostolical Church So that the Papists themselves do even envy our Primitive Doctrine Government and Discipline and both fear and hate us more than any other of the Reformed Churches I could be contented said a great Man of that Perswasion there were no Priests i. e. Popish Priess in England so there were no Bishops there This and our excellent Liturgy our decent Ceremonies and our excellent order moves their envy they are the same things that have raised the Spleens and Animosities of the other side with whom whatever is older than Zuinglius and Calvin is presently Popery and must be destroyed Tell them that Episcopacy was settled in all Churches in the days of the very Apostles and by them and they reply the Mystery of Iniquity began then to work intimating if not affirming that this Holy Order was a part of it So that they will rather traduce these Holy Men who sacrificed their Bloods for Jesus Christ and his Church of Pride Ambition and a too great Love of Rule than allow the Establishments of our Church Nay they will rather root out the Monarchy because supported by and upholding Episcopacy than shew any the least Reverence to the Church in obedience to our Laws and Princes So that leaving these implacable self-condemned Enemies give me leave O ye Loyal and Religious Sons of this Holy and ever persecuted Church to make my last Address and Application to you You see by whom the Church has been ever persecuted you see the reason of it you cannot but know also what she has suffered on both sides you have read the one and your Eyes have seen the other rouse up then and take effectual care of this innocent this persecuted Spouse of Christ Stretch out your hands to Heaven by humble and fervent Prayers and implore the Assistance of the most Holy God for her safety and Protection against all her Enemies Let the Virtue Piety and Holiness of your Lives assure the World that you profess this Holy Religion in good earnest and that you do not dissemble either with God or Man in it but are sincere and resolved to live and dye in this profession Put those Laws we now have in execution duly and regularly and with Discretion and Mercy not out of Bitterness and Passion but out of Conscience and a true fear of God and care of his Church that all the World may see it is nothing but a sense of your Duties and a Zeal for God that makes you active and prudently severe And as far as you shall have opportunity take further care by new Laws to secure this great and inestimable Blessing to your Posterity and the Generations to come that they may rise up and bless God for you and remember your names with Eulogies and Honour for ever And if any thing in these Papers may in any degree be serviceable to and promote these good ends I shall for ever be thankful to God and Man for the Favour THE LIFE OF THE Right Reverend Father in God DR JOHN JEWEL Lord Bishop of SARISBURY THO Truth and Reason may justly claim the Priviledge of a kind reception whoever brings them yet such is the Nature of Mankind that the Face of a Stranger is ever surveyed with a little more than ordinary Attention as if Men thought generally that in it were the most lively Characters of what they seek to know the Soul and Temper of a Man now because this is not to be expected at the first sight in Books where yet it is most eagerly desired Men have attempted to supply that defect with Pictures and which affords much more satisfaction by premising the Lives and Characters of the Authors which gives the Reader a truer and more lasting Idea of Men than it is possible for Pensils and Colours to attain to The Author of the ensuing Tracts ought to be so well known to all English men that his Name alone should have given a sufficient Commendation to any thing that can claim a descent from him But it being now above an hundred years since his death and his Works which were for a long time chained up in all Churches being now superannuated or neglected it may not be an unseasonable piece of Service to the Church to revive the Memory of this great Man the stout and invincible Champion of the Church of England who losing the opportunity of sacrificing his Life for her in the Reign of Queen Mary did it with more advantage to us and pains to himself under her glorious Successor when he so freely spent himself in her Service that having wasted his thin Body by excessive Labour and Study he died young but full of good Works and Glory He was born the 24 th of May in the year of our Lord 1522. at Buden in the Parish of Berinber in the County of Devon and tho a younger Brother yet inherited his Fathers Name His Mother was a Bellamie and he had so great an esteem for it and her that he engraved it on his Signet and had it always imprinted in his heart a lasting Testimony both of her Virtue and kindness to him His Father was a Gentleman descended rather of an Ancient and Good than very Rich Family It is observed that his Ancestors had injoyed that Estate for almost two hundred years before the Birth of this great Man And yet such was the number of his Children that it is no wonder if this when young wanted the assistance of Good men for the promoting of his Studies for it is said his Father left ten Children between Sons and Daughters behind him This John Jewel proving a Lad of pregnant Parts and of a sweet and industrious Nature and Temper was from his Youth dedicated to Learning and with great care cultivated by his
others till at last Stephen Gardiner finding who were their Benefactors threatned he would in a short time make them eat their Fingers ends for hunger and it was sore against his will that he proved a false Prophet for he clapt up so many of their Benefactors in England that after this there came but a small if any Supply out of England to them But then Christopher Prince of Wittenberg and the Senators of Zurick and the foreign Divines were so kind to them that they had still a tolerable Subsistence and Mr. Jewel stood in need of the less because he lived with Peter Martyr till his return into England SO saith Mr. Humfrey in his Life but it is apparent by the first lines of his Epistle to Seignior Scipio that he studied some time at Padua and there being no mention of his travelling at any time before his exile nor indeed any possibility of it I suppose that whilst he was thus with Peter Martyr at Zurick he made a step over the Alpes to Padua which was not very distant and there studied some time and contracted his acquaintance with the said Venetian Gentleman for this Journey is no where mentioned by any other Author that I have seen and I can find no time so likely for it as now DURING all the time of his exile which was about four years he studied very hard and spent the rest of his time in consolating and confirming his Brethren for he would frequently tell them that when their Brethren indured such bitter Tortures and horrible Martyrdoms at home it was not reasonable they should expect to fare deliciously in Banishment concluding always Haec non du rabunt aetatem These things will not last an Age Which he repeated so very often and with so great an assurance of mind that it would be so that many believed it before it came to pass and more took it for a Prophetick Sentence afterwards When the English left their Native Country they were all of a piece bu◠some of them going to Geneva an other places which had imbrace the model of Reformation settle by Calvin they became fond 〈◊〉 these foreign Novelties and som◠of them at Franckford in the yea◠1554. began an alteration of th◠Liturgy and did what they could to dra◠others to them and to these men Knox th◠great Intendiary of Scotland afterwards joyned himself and not long after one Whitehead a zealous Calvinist but of a much better temper than Knox. Not contented with this alteration the fifteenth of November 1554. they writ Letters in open defiance of the English Liturgy to them of Zurick who defended it in a Letter of the 28 th of the same month Grindal and Chambers were sent from Strasburgh to Frankford to quiet these Innovators but to no purpose so returning back again the English at Strasburgh wrote to them the thirteenth of December all which procured no other regard from them but only to obtain Calvin's judgment of it which being suitable to their own as there was no wonder it should things continued thus till the thirteenth of March following when Dr. Richard Cox entered Frankford drove Knox out and resettled the Liturgy there Whereupon in the end of August following Fox with some few others went to Basil but the main body followed Knox and Goodman to Geneva their Mother City as Dr. Heylyn stiles it where they made choice of Knox and Goodman for their constant Preachers under which Ministry they rejected the whole Frame and Fabrick of the Reformation made in England in King Edward's time and conformed themselves wholly to the fashions of the Church of Geneva c. Thus far Dr. Heylyn Mr. Jewel being then at Zurick used his utmost endeavour to reclaim these men and put a stop to this rising Schism Exhorting them as Brethren to lay aside all strife and emulation especially about such small matters least thereby they should greatly offend the minds of all good men which thing he said they ought to have a principal care of And doubtless this good man thought that their gratitude to God for restoring them to their Native Country under the auspicious Reign of Queen Elizabeth of Blessed Memory had for ever put an end to this dispute and he seems to speak as much in his Apology for the Church of England but within a few years this fury broke loose again and just about the time of Jewel's death became more trouble some than ever before and just about an hundred years after its rise by a dismal Rebellion overturn'd at once the Church and Monarchy of Great Britain BUT to return to Mr. Jewel and our Exiles the seventeenth of November 1558. God remembred the distressed State of the Church of England and put an end to her Sufferings by removing that Bigotted Lady the news of which flying speedily to our Exiles they hasted into England again to congratulate the Succession of Queen Elizabeth of ever Blessed Memory HIS good Benefactor and Tutor Mr. Parkhurst upon the arrival of this news made him a visit in Germany but fearing Mr. Jewel had not chosen the safest way for his return to England left him and went another way which seeming more safe in the end proved otherwise Mr. Jewel arriving safely in England with what he had whilst the other was robbed by the way and so at his landing in England Mr. Jewel who was here before him very gratefully relieved his great Benefactor THE time of Mr. Jewel's arrival in England is no where expressed that I can find but he being then at Zurick in all probability was for that cause none of the first that returned so that when he came back he had the comfort to find all things well disposed for the reception of the Reformation for the Queen had by a Proclamation of the thirtieth of December 1558. ordered that no man of what quality soever he were should presume to alter any thing in the State of Religion or innovate in any of the Rites and Ceremonies thereunto belonging c. until some further order should be taken therein Only it was permitted and with all required that the Litany the Lords-Prayer the Creed and the Ten Commandments should be said in the English Tongue and that the Epistle and Gospel should be read in English at the time of the High Mass which was done saith Dr. Heylyn in all the Churches of London on the next Sunday after being New-Years-day and by degrees in all the other Churches of the Kingdom Further than this she thought it not convenient to proceed at the present only she prohibited the Elevation of the Sacrament at the Altar of the Chappel Royal Which was likewise forborn in all other Churches and she set at liberty all that had been imprisoned for Religion in her Sisters time and ordered the Liturgy to be revised with great care and that a Parliament should be summoned to sit at West-minster the 25th of January 1559.
ALL this I suppose at least was done before Mr. Jewel returned into England for whether he was here at the Coronation is uncertain He was entertained first by Mr. Nicholas Culverwell for almost six months and then falling into a Sickness was invited by Dr. William Thames to lodge at his House but this was after the Parliament THE Liturgy being then reviewed and whatever might give the Popish Party any unnecessary Exasperation or Discontent purged out in order to the facilitating the passing an Act of Parliament for the settling it and the establishment of other things that were necessary a publick Disputation was appointed on the Thirtieth of March following to be holden in the Church of Westminster in the English Tonguo in the presence of as many of the Lords of the Council and of the Members of both Houses as were desirous to inform themselves in the State of the Questions The Disputation was also to be managed for the better avoiding of Confusion by a mutual interchange of Writings upon every Point each Writing to be answered the next day and so from day to day till the whole were ended To all which the Bishops at first consented tho they would not afterwards stand to it The Questions were Three concerning Prayers in the Vulgar Tongue the Power of the Church for the changing Rites and Ceremonies and the Propitiatory Sacrifice of the Mass for the Living and the Dead THE first use that was made of Mr. Jewel after his return was the nominating him one of the Disputants for the reformed Party and tho he was the last in number and place yet he was not the least either in desert or esteem having made great Additions to his former Learning in his four years Exile and Travel which is a great improvement to ingenious Spirits But this Disputation was broken off by the Popish Party who would not stand to the order appointed so that Mr. Jewel in all probability had no occasion to shew either his Zeal or Learning THE Parliament ended the eighth of May 1559. and by virtue of an Act passed in this Parliament soon after Midsummer the Queen made a Visitation of all the Diocesses in England by Commissioners for rectifying all such things as they found amiss and could not be redressed by any ordinary Episcopal Power without spending of more time than the Exigencies of the Church could then admit of And this was done by a Book of Articles printed for that purpose and the Inquiry was made upon Oath by the Commissioners Here Mr. Jewel was taken in again and made one of these Commissioners for the West When he visited his own Native Country which till then perhaps he had not seen since his return from Exile when also he preached to and disputed with his Country-men and indeavoured more to win them to imbrace the Reformation by good Usage Civility and Reason than to terrifie or awe them by that great Authority the Queen had armed him and his fellow Commissioners with RETURNING back to London and giving the Queen a good and satisfactory account of their Visitation the 21st of January following Mr. Jewel who was then only Batchelor of Divinity was consecrated Bishop of Sarisbury which he at first modestly declined but at last accepted in obedience to the Queens command This See had been void by the death of John Capon his immediate Predecessor who died in the year 1557. now near three years And here the Divine Providence again gave him the advantage in point of Seniority over his Tutor Mr. John Parkhurst who was not consecrated Bishop of Norwich till the Fourteenth of July after but then his Tutor had the advantage of him in point of Revenue for Mr. Jewel's Bishoprick had been miserably impoverished by his Predecessor so that he complained afterwards that there was never a good Living left him that would maintain a Learned Man for said he the Capon had devoured all because he hath either given away or sold all the Ecclesiastical Dignities and Livings So that the good Bishop was forced all his Life-time after to take extraordinary pains in travelling and preaching in all parts of his Diocess which brought him to his Grave the sooner whereas his Tutor had a much richer Bishoprick and consequently more ease and out-lived his Pupil Jewel three years THE Sunday before Easter of this year Bishop Jewel preached at Paul's Cross his famous Sermon upon the 1 Cor. 11. v. 25. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you that-the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took Bread c. This Sermon gave a fatal blow to the Popish Religion here in England which was become very odious to all men by reason of the barbarous Cruelty used by those of that Perswasion in the Reign of Queen Mary but the Challenge which he then made and afterwards several times and in several places repeated was the most stinging part of this Sermon and therefore tho I am concerned to be as short as I can I will yet insert this Famous Piece at large IF any Learned Man of our Adversaries said he or all the Learned Men that be alive be able to bring any one sufficient Sentence out of any old Catholick Doctor or Father or General Council or Holy Scripture or any one Example in the Primitive Church whereby it may clearly and plainly be proved during the first six hundred years 1. That there was at any time any private Masses in the World 2. Or that there was then any Communion ministred unto the People under one kind 3. Or that the People had their Common-Prayer in a strange Tongue that the People understood not 4. Or that the Bishop of Rome was then called an universal Bishop or the Head of the universal Church 5. Or that the People were then taught to believe that Christ's Body is really substantially corporally carnally or naturally in the Sacrament 6. Or that his Body is or may be in a thousand places or more at one time 7. Or that the Priest did then hold up the Sacrament over his Head 8. Or that the People did then fall down and worship it with Godly Honour 9. Or that the Sacrament was then or now ought to be hanged up under a Canopy 10. Or that in the Sacrament after the words of Consecration there remained only the accidents and shews without the substance of Bread and Wine 11. Or that then the Priests divided the Sacrament into three parts and afterwards received himself alone 12. Or that whosoever had said the Sacrament is a Figure a Pledge a Token or a remembrance of Christ's Body had therefore been adjudged for an Heretick 13. Or that it was lawful then to have thirty twenty fifteen ten or five Masses said in the same Church in one day 14. Or that Images were then set up in the Churches to the intent the People might worship them 15. Or that the Lay-People were then forbidden
to read the word of God in their own Tongue 16. Or that it was then Lawful for the Priest to pronounce the words of Consecration closely or in private to himself 17. Or that the Priest had then Authority to offer up Christ unto his Father 18. Or to communicate and receive the Sacrament for another as they do 19. Or to apply the vertue of Christs Death and Passion to any Man by the means of the Mass 20. Or that it was then thought a sound Doctrine to teach the People that Mass Ex opere operato that is even for that it is said and done is able to remove any part of our sin 21. Or that any Christian man called the Sacrament of the Lord his God 22. Or that the People were then taught to believe that the Body of Christ remaineth in the Sacrament as long as the accidents of Bread and Wine remain there without Corruption 23. Or that a Mouse or any other Worm or Beast may eat the Body of Christ for so some of our Adversaries have said and taught 24. Or that when Christ said Hoc est Corpus meum the word Hoc pointed not to the Bread but to an individuum vagum as some of them say 25. Or that the Accidents or Forms or shews of Bread and Wine be the Sacraments of Christs Body and Blood and not rather the very Bread and Wine it self 26. Or that the Sacrament is a sign or token of the Body of Christ that lieth hidden underneath it 27. Or that ignorance is the Mother and cause of true Devotion The Conclusion is that I shall then be content to yield and subscribe This challenge saith the Learned Dr. Heylyn being thus published in so great an Auditory startled the English Papists both at home and abroad but none more than such of our Fugitives as had retired to Lovain Doway or St. Omers in the Low-Country Provinces belonging to the King of Spain The business was first agitated by the exchange of friendly Letters betwixt the said Reverend Prelate and Dr. Henry Cole the late Dean of St. Pauls more violently followed in a Book of Rastal's who first appeared in the Lists against the Challenger followed herein by Dorman and Marshall who severally took up the Cudgels to as little purpose the first being well beaten by Nowel and the last by Calfhill in their Discourses writ against them but they were only Velitations or preparitory Skirmishes in reference to the main encounter which was reserved for the Reverend Challenger himself and Dr. John Harding one of the Divines of Lovain and the most Learned of the Colledge The Combatants were born in the same County bred up in the same Grammar School and studied in the same University also Both zealous Protestants in the time of King Edward and both relapsed to Popery in the time of Queen Mary Jewel for fear and Harding upon hope of Favour and Preferment by it But Jewel's fall may be compared to that of St. Peter which was short and sudden rising again by his Repentance and fortified more strongly in his Faith than before he was but Harding's like to that of the other Simon premeditated and resolved on never to be restored again so much was there within him of the gaul of bitterness to his former standing But some former Differences had been between them in the Church of Sarisbury whereof the one was Prebendary and the other Bishop occasioned by the Bishops visitation of that Cathedral in which as Harding had the worst so was it a Presage of a second foil which he was to have in this encounter Who had the better of the day will easily appear to any that consults the Writings by which it will appear how much the Bishop was too hard for him at all manner of Weapons Whose learned Answers as well in maintenance of his Challenge as in defence of his Apology whereof more hereafter contain in them such a Magazin of all sorts of Learning that all our Controversors since that time have furnished themselves with Arguments and Authority from it THUS far that Learned man has discoursed the event of this famous Challenge with so much brevity and perspicuity that I thought it better to transcribe his words than to do it much worse my self WHEN Queen Mary died Paul the Fourth was Pope to whom Queen Elizabeth sent an account of her coming to the Crown which was delivered by Sir Edward Karn her Sisters Resident at Rome to which the angry Gentleman replied That England was held in Fee of the Apostolick See that she could not succeed being illegitimate nor could he contradict the Declarations made in that matter by his Predecessors Clement the Seventh and Paul the Third he said it was a great boldness in her to assume the Crown without his Consent for which in reason she deserved no favour at his hands yet if she would renounce her Pretensions and refer her self wholly to him he would shew a fatherly affection to her and do every thing for her that could consist with the dignity of the Apostolick See Which answer being hastily and passionately made was as little regarded by the Queen But he dying soon after Pius the Fourth an abler man succeeded and he was for gaining the Queen by Arts and Kindness to which end he sent Vincent Parapalia Abbot of St. Saviours with courteous Letters to her dated May the fifth 1560. with order to make large proffers to her under hand but the Queen had rejected the Popes Authority by Act of Parliament and would have nothing to do with Parapalia nor would she suffer him to come into England In the interim the Pope had resolved to renew the Council at Trent and in the next year sent Abbot Martiningo his Nuncio to the Queen to invite her and her Bishops to the Council and he accordingly came to Bruxells and from thence sent over for leave to come into England but tho France and Spain interceded for his Admission yet the Queen stood firm and at the same time rejected a motion from the Emperor Ferdinando to return to the old Religion as he called it Yet after all these denials given to so many and such potent Princes one Scipio a Gentleman of Venice who formerly had had some acquaintance with Bishop Jewel when he was a Student in Padua and had heard of Martiningo's ill success in this Negotiation would needs spend some Eloquence in labouring to obtain that Point by his private Letters which the Nuncio could not gain as a publick Minister and to that end he writes his Letters of Expostulation to Bishop Jewel his old Friend preferred not long before to the See of Sarisbury Which Letter did not long remain unanswered that Learned Prelate saith my Author was not so unstudied in the nature of Councils as not to know how little of a General Council could be found at Trent And therefore he returned an answer to the proposition so
elegantly penned and so elaborately digested that neither Scipio himself nor any other of that Party durst reply upon him Which Letter the Reader will find in this small piece new translated But this was written some time after the Apology was Printed in England IN the year following Bishop Jewel put out The Apology of the Church of England in Latin which tho written by him was published by the Queens Authority and with the advice of some of the Bishops as the Publick Confession of the Catholick and Christian Faith of the Church of England c. and to give an account of the reasons of our departure from the See of Rome and as an answer to those Calumnies that were then raised against the English Church and Nation for not submitting to the pretended General Council of Trent then sitting SO that it is not to be esteemed as the private work of a single Bishop but as a publick Declaration of that Church whose name it bears Mr. Humfrey seems in this place to confound this and the Epistle together as if they had been written at the same time which it is apparent they were not THIS Apology being published during the very time of the last meeting of the Council of Trent was read there and seriously considered and great threats made that it should be answered and accordingly two Learned Bishops one a Spaniard and the other an Italian undertook that task but neither of them did any thing in it BUT in the mean time the Book spread into all the Countries in Europe and was much applauded in France Flanders Germany Spain Poland Hungary Denmark Sweden and Scotland and found at least a passage into Italy Naples and Rome it self and was soon after translated into the German Italian French Spanish Dutch and last into the Greek Tongue in so great esteem this Book was abroad and at home it was translated into English by the Lady Bacon Wife to Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the great Seal of England IT very well deserves the Character Mr. Humfrey has given of it whose words are these It is so drawn that the first part of it is an Illustration â—and as it were a Paraphrase of the Twelve Articles of the Christian Faith or Creed the second is a short and solid Confutation of whatever is objected against the Church if the Order be considered nothing can be better distributed if the Perspicuity nothing can be fuller of Light if the Stile nothing more terse if the words nothing more splendid if the Arguments nothing stronger THE good Bishop was most encouraged to publish this Apology by Peter Martyr as appears by Martyr's Letter of the 24 th of August with whom he had spent the greatest part of his time in Exile But Martyr only lived to see the Book which he so much longed for dying at Zurick on the twelfth day of November following after he had paid his thanks for and expressed his value of this piece in a Letter which is subjoyned to this Book in all the following Prints And Mr. Camden also in his Annals expresly saith this Apology was printed first in the year 1562. In the year 1564. Mr. Harding put out a pretended Answer to Bishop Jewel's famous Challenge at Paul's Cross mentioned above to which in the year following the Bishop made a very learned Reply the Epistle before which bears date at London the 27 th of October of that year the Bishop is said to have spent two years in that Piece The same year the University of Oxon gave him tho absent the degree of Doctor of Divinity and certainly he well deserved to have that extraordinary respect and Honour shewn him who was so eminently imployed then in the Service and defence of the Church HE had no sooner brought this to a Conclusion but Harding was again upon him and put out an Antapology or answer to his Apology for the Church of England A Defence of which the Bishop forthwith began which he finished as appears by his Epistle to Mr. Harding at the end of it the 27 th of October 1567. THE next year after Mr. Harding put out another piece which he entitled A detection of sundry foul Errors c. which was a cavilling reply to some passages in his defence of the Apology which not seeming to deserve an answer by it self he answered rather by a Preface to a new Impression of his former Defence which he finished the eleventh of December 1569. and dedicated his Works to the Queen Harding having told the World that she was offended with Bishop Jewel for thus troubling the World THE same year Pope Pius the Fourth having published a Bull of Excommunication and Deprivation against the Queen Bishop Jewel undertook the defence of his Soveraign and wrote a learned Examination and Confutation of that Bull which was published by John Garbrand an intimate acquaintance of his together with a short Treatise of the Holy Scriptures both which as he informs us were delivered by the Bishop in his Cathedral Church in the year 1570. BESIDES these he writ several other large pieces as 1. a Paraphrastical Interpretation of the Epistles and Gospels throughout the whole year 2ly Diverse Treatises of the Sacraments and Exhortations to the Readers 3ly Expositions of the Lords Prayer the Creed and Ten Commandments And also 4ly An Exposition upon the Epistle to the Galatians the first of St. Peter and both the Epistles to the Thessalonians which I suppose were his Sermons for he was of opinion that it was a better way of teaching to go through with a Book than to take here and there a Text and that it gave the People a more clear and lasting knowledge IN the beginning of the next year was a Parliament and consequently a Convocation when Tho. Cartwright and others of that Faction having alarmed the Church by their Oppositions to the established Religion it was thought fit to obviate their bold attempts and thereupon command was given by the Arch-bishop That all such of the lower House of Convocation who had not formerly subscribed unto the Articles of Religion agreed upon Anno 1562. should subscribe them now or on their absolute refusal or delay be expelled the House Which occasioned a general and personal Subscription of those Articles And it was also farther ordered That the Book of Articles so approved should be put into Print by the appointment of the Right Reverand Doctor John Jewel then Bishop of Sarum which shews he was there and in great esteem IT was in some part of this year also that he had his Conference and preached his last Sermon at Paul's Cross about the Ceremonies and State of the Church which he mentioned on his Death-bed But I cannot fix the precise time of either of them or give any further account with whom that Conference was But however this Holy man sought nothing but the Peace and Welfare of the Church
when he had it concealed himself fourteen days on the English Coast then privately took Ship and arrived at Antwerp in the night and before day took Coach and so got safe to Strasbourgh the 30th of October 1553. Burnet To. 2. p. 246. Ib. p. 245. July 13. 1556. Humfrey p. 90. English life Dr. Peter Heylyn faith the contrary and that Wittingham Williams and Goodman were Zunglians before they left England who were the chief Promoters of the disorder at Frankford Ecclesia Restaurata p. 228. Conclusion Section 2. p. 141. Hiller C. H. The news of the Queens death came to Zurick the last of November Mart. Letters March 30. Heylyn's Eccl. Restaurata p. 301. Rastal was a common Lawyer and published his Book in 1563. Harding was then Prebendary when Mr. Jewel was elected and gave his vote for him Humf. p. 140. Dr. Burnett's History of the Reformation Tom. 2. Dr. Heylyn Eccl. Rest p. 349. 1562. Humfrey's in the Life of Jewel p. 177. Peter Martyr's Letter to Bishop Jewel concerning this Book is dated Aug. 24. 1562. English Life Before his Works Humfrey p. 234. Page 187. Heylyn p. 328. 1562. In the LXIII of his Age. 1564. 1567. 1569 1570. 1570. Humfrey's p. 111. April 5. 1571. Memory Industry Common place Books Diaries Languages His Greek Learning Travail His Humour Gratitude Preaching Page III No friend to the Disenters The 〈◊〉 to the first Tom. of Col. by Dr. 〈◊〉 Fuller's C. H. lib. 9. Sect 3. n. 3. Humfrey's In a short Paper written by this good Bishop against certain frivolous objections made against the Government of the Church of England Printed at Londâ—n 1641. Bishop Whitgift in the defence of the Answer to the Admonition tells us Cartwright was the man and that hereupon the Faction used the Bishop most ungratefuly and depitefully p. 423. Prov. 22. 15. Liberality Charity Mr. Hooker Dr. Walton 〈◊〉 Mr. Hooker's Life Lib. 2. §. 6. Truth ever persecuted Tertul. in Apologia Cor. Tacitus Tertul. in Apolog c. 7. c. Plinius John 8. 9. 10. Mar. 11. Marcion ex Tertullianâ— Aelius â— Lactan. Tertul Apolog. c. 2 3. and 7. 8 9. Tertul. Apolog. â—ap â— Sueton in Nerone Juvenal Sat. 1 Tim. 4. The Accusations of the R. Catholicks John 8. 49. Act. 26. 25. †Quadratus Justinus Melito Tertullian Quadratus a Disciple of the Apostles and Bishop of Athens wrote Books for the Christian Religion and made an Oration in the Defence of it before Hadrian the Emperor by which he put a stop to a furious Persecution then moved against it Anno Christi 128. Spondanus Justinus the Martyr a Christian Philosopher wrote an Apologetick Oration for the Christian Religion with great freedom and truth which he dedicated to Antoninus Pius the Emperor and his adopted Sons Marcus and Lucius and to the very Senate and People of Rome Anno Christi 150. for which he lost his Life Melito Bishop of Sardâ—s wrote an excellent Apology to Aurelius the Emperor for the Christians which he presented to that Emperor in the tenth year of his Reign Anno Christi 172. Baronius Tertullian wrote a very learned and a sharp Apology for the Christian Religion which was some few years since made English It was first published by the Author without his Name in the year of Christ 201. in the very City of Rome and did great service to Christianity which was then most miserably oppressed by the Lies and Defamations of the Pagans which did it more hurt than all their other Fury Acts 24. 14. Tertul. in Apolog 2 Cor. 10. 4. 5. 2 Tim. 3. 16. De Vnitate Eccl. c. 3. contra Max. lib. 3. c. 14. In prim cap. Aggei Acts 24. 14. Coll. 2. 14. Actâ— 3. 2â— Tract 30. in Joan. Epist ad Dardan Fulgentius ad Regem Thrasi mundum De Simpl. Praelatorum Chap. 47. * The Title of Pontifex Maximus was that of the Roman Heathen Priests and cannot properly be rendred into English any other way than by that of Priest it being not of the same nature with the Word Bishop yet have the Popes of Rome usurped this very heathen Title Gregory lib. 4. Ep. 76. 78. 80. lib. 7. Ep. 69. 2 Tim. 3. 13. Math. 23. 13. Luk. 11. 52. Math. 16. 19. In Titum Hom. I. Theoph. ad Titum Euseb lib. 18. c. 5. in Monodia sua super Basilium 1 Tim. 4. 1 * Huldericus Platina in vita Pij secundi Gal. 1. 8. Chrysost ad AEphe Ser. 3. De conser dist 1. cap. Omnes * But now in the Decretum under the Name of Anacletus De consecratione Dist 1. cap. comperimus a In Joan. cap. â— b De Sacra l. q. c. 4. c In Dialo l. 2. d In Sermone ad infantes de Consecratione e In Math. 15. Gen. 2. 23. John 6. 56. In coena Domini In Johan tract 50. Lib. de caerem. Eccl. Rom. Purgatory August in Psal 85. in Enchiriâ—io c. 6. 7. de civitate Dei lib. 21. cap. 26. lib. 11. contra Pelegian lib. Hipognostcon 5. Of Cerâ—monies â— Cor. 1â— 40. Prayer in our own Tongue Mediators and Intercessors Jerem. 2. 28. 11. 13. Original Sin 1 John 2. 2. 4. 10. Col. 1. 20. Heb. 10. 14. John 19. 30. Sacrifice Of good Works Ephes 2. 10. Col. 1. 10. Phil. 2. 12. Distinct 36. Lector in Glossa Distinct 81. Presbyter * George Paris an Arrian was burnt in the Reign of Edward the 6th April the 4th 1551. for Heresie tho he was a German by Nation Godwins Annals * Those who were call'd Zuinglians when this Piece was written afterwards were call'd Calvinists and the other Name is now not commonly known but Zuinglius was the Author of the Doctrine and Calvin of the Discipline of this Sect of turbulent men Steven Gardiner in Sophist Diab Richard Faber Recantatio Berengarii Scholer Glossa Guimundus De Conscoral Dist 2. Ego Berengarius Gardiner De consecratione Dist 2. species Glossa Euseb H. 3 Lib. 4. By Ministers here I suppose the Decons are meant 3. Quest 7. lata ext de Bigamis Quia circa Gen. 38. 14. In Concilio dilectorum Cardinalium To. 3. De consideratione ad Eugenium Paul IIII. In Apol. c. 45. Rom. 2. 13. Math. 22. 21. John 19. 12. Rom. 13. 1. 5. Amos 7. 10. It had been infinitely for the Honor of the Reformation if the same Modesty Loyalty and Duty had ever attended the Professors of it But alas our Author lived and wrote in a critical Moment before the Scotch Tumults the Civil Wars of France and the Revolt of the Netherlands those that have confirm'd the truth of the Popish Objections by ill Principles which they borrowed from them and worse Practises shall do well to consider what Answer they will be able to give in the Day of Judgment for the Sin and Scandal they have brought upon the Reformation but when all is done blessed be God the Church of England and her Children have maintained this Doctrine inviolably and the Honour of that
Church thereby unspotted to this day though she has suffered very much for her Fidelity and Loyalty Augustus Steuchus Anto. de Rosellis De major obed solit De major obed Vnam Sanctam Clement 5. in Concil Viennensi Leo papa Zacharias Papa Clemens Papa 7. The same Clemens Sabellicus Coelestinus Papa Hildebrandus Papa Psal 91. 13. Chrysostomus 13. ad Rom. Gregorius saepe in epist Rom. 13. 2. Tertul. in Apolog. cap. 16. Tertul. in Apolog. cap. 7. 8 9. Idem cap. 39. Jerem. 7. 4. John 8. 39. Augustin Ep. 48. ad Vincentium Jeremiah 8. 4. Revel 2. 9. John 8. 44. In Lateran Concil sub â—â—lio 2 Kings 19. Isaiah 1. 22. Math. 21. 13. Lib. 1. c. 1. HsE Cap. 4. v. 11. V. 19. Math. 24. 15. 2 Thes 2. 4. 2 Tim. 4. 3. 4. 2 Pet. 2. 1. Math. 24. 24. Contra Maxentium Epistola ad Mauricium lib. 4. Epist 32. Sermon 33. In libello de idiomate Linguarum Gerson Fratres Lugdunenses Adrian in Platina Pighius Gerson Ephesians 2. 20. De Vnitate Eccl. cap. 3. Ib. cap. 4. Our Saviour resigned up his Soul to his Father in the Words of David Luk. 23. 46. Psal 31. 5. Pighius in Hierarchia 2 Tim. 4. 16. 2 Cor. 5. 19. Psal 19. 8. Euseb lib. 1. c. 7. In opere imperfecto John 3. 20. 2 Thes 2. 8. Galat. 1. 8. Esther 3. 8. According tothe vulgar Latin Act. 17. 18. Origen contra Celsum John 5. 46. Caus 27. 9. 1. Nuptiarum bonum in controversiis This Book is every where to be had thus imperfect When this piece was written the design of a general Index Expurgatorius upon all the printed Fathers was not known which is an undeniable Argument under their own hands that the ancient Fathers are not in their Interest the first of these Indexes was found at the Sack of Cales in Spain Anno Domini 1596. many years after this Apology was published Cap. 3. Images Scripture Origines in Leviticum cap. 16. Chrysostom in Math. 1. Hom. 2. in Johan Hom. 3. Marriage Epist 11. lib. 1. cont Ap. Haerct 61. de virginitate servanda ad Demetriadem Ceremonies Monks Cap. 3. Concubines Magistracy Cap. 8. Married Priests * In Novellis Const it 23. and 146. Divine Service to be performed in an audible Voice Let those Clergy men of the Church of England consider this who read the Service so low that no man can hear it * Only the Canonical Scriptures to be read in Churches March 3d. 1547. Pluralities De Major Obed. Vnam Sanctam in Extravag Bonifac 8. Durand Concil Lat. sub Julio 2â— Distinct 9. Innocentii de major in obed solite in Extravag John 22. c. cum inter nonnullos in glossa finali in impressa Editione Parisiis 1503. Antonius de Posellis XXIII 28. I. 12. C. Plinius Plutarch XII 9. Mat. XX. 13. XIV 3. XLI 17. VIII 11. The Grecian Church 2 Cor. XIV Agesilaus Acts 4. 19. Gal. 1. 12. 16. In the fourth year of Pius the IV. Anno Christi 1563. in the sixth year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth was an end put to the Council of Trent which is so often mentioned by this Author Nazian ad Procopium Micah 3. 6. I. VI. 10. Math. 5. 13. Luke 14. 35. It was a common Proverb in the time of the Council of Trent that the Holy Ghost was sent from Rome to the Council in a Cloak-Bag which was spoken in derision of the Councils depending too much upon the Directions sent them very frequently from thence by Carriers as Father Paul acquaints us in his History of that Council and to this Proverb our Author in this place alludes The same Proverb is mentioned by the Bishop of Quinque Ecclesiae in a Leter printed in the end of the Council of Trent in English De electione electi potestate ca. significa Ad Evagrium Host ca. quanto Abas Panor de elect ca. Venerabilis Cornelius Episcopus in Concilio Tridentino Durandus Acts 15. 28. Hosius contra Brentium lib. 2. Theodorer lib. 1â—â— 2â— Tripart lib. 10. cap. 13. Euseb lib. 5. cap. 17. Soz. lib. 5. c. 15. XLIX 23. Exod. 12. Ioshua 1. 2 Chron. XIII 2 Chron. VI. 1 King VIII 2 Chr. XXIX 2 King XVIII 2 Chr. XVII 2 King XXIII 2 King X. Pius IV. In bulla sua ad Imperatorem Ferdinandum Hist Eccl lib. 1. cap. 5. Socrates Hist Eccl. l. 5. c. 10. Act. 2. * The Author mentions in this place Hecatombae Solitaurilia Lectisternia and Supplications Heathen Rites that cannot be supposed to be easily understood by an English Reader and are not worth the while to expound them at length Hagg. II. 3 4 c. 1 Cor. 4. 3. Prov. 19. 21. In Psalm 126. In Prophet Nahum cap. 3. Eph. 5. 14. 1 Sam. 11. 2. John 8. 40. 44. 1 Peter 5. 1. He stiles himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is your Fellow Presbyter or Copriest which is not so plainly rendred in our English Version as it might be * I suppose by this Expression he means the several English Bishops who had been Protestants in the Reign of Edward the 6th and turning Papists a-again in the Reign of Queen Mary were ashamed to take a third turn now in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and so not only sliffly persisted now in Popery but were more clamorous against the Reformation than others were Heylin his Ecclesia Restaurata Anno primo Eliz. pag. 286. Henry the 2d John This Apology was pen'd before the Puritan Schism in in the Church of England broke out As Fuller informs us they first began to appear in 1563. which was the year after this Apology was written but it came not to an open Rupture till the year 1570. Fuller Rom. 16. 17. 18. Tit. 1. 12. Math. 21. 31. 29th of Nobemb 1560. So that this Letter was writ about August 1560. XXX I. according to the Septuagint version Chap. 8. v. 10. Psal 2. 2. Bound by Oath The Form of the Bishops Oath to the Pope 1 Cor. 14. 30. 1 Kings 22. 11. 1551. †In Corn. Agripp de Vanitate Scient 〈◊〉 14. 14. All Bishops equal Psal 2. 11.