succession_n another_o question_n be_v this_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v so_o abdicate_v his_o kingdom_n as_o to_o deprive_v his_o son_n of_o his_o right_n to_o succeed_v which_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o same_o distinction_n for_o in_o kingdom_n mere_o hereditary_a he_o that_o renounce_v his_o kingdom_n can_v transfer_v it_o to_o his_o son_n but_o in_o lineal_a descent_n the_o father_n act_n can_v null_a his_o son_n right_o that_o be_v bear_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o child_n begin_v to_o exist_v the_o law_n make_v provision_n for_o they_o yea_o and_o for_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v so_o because_o that_o right_a which_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v entail_v upon_o they_o must_v in_o due_a time_n descend_v upon_o they_o neither_o do_v that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v transmission_n contradict_v this_o for_o that_o transmission_n be_v necessary_a as_o to_o the_o parent_n and_o not_o voluntary_a but_o yet_o a_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o those_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v before_o the_o renunciation_n and_o those_o bear_v after_o for_o they_o that_o be_v already_o bear_v have_v by_o the_o law_n a_o full_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o that_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o enjoy_v that_o right_n during_o the_o life_n of_o their_o parent_n but_o to_o those_o not_o bear_v there_o can_v as_o yet_o be_v any_o right_o acquire_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n if_o the_o parent_n also_o to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o transfer_v that_o right_n unto_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o release_v it_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v dereliction_n xxvii_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o people_n only_o have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o succession_n another_o question_n do_v sometime_o arise_v namely_o who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n whethet_n the_o king_n then_o reign_v or_o the_o people_n by_o themselves_o or_o by_o such_o judge_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v if_o the_o question_n be_v put_v of_o such_o a_o judgement_n as_o be_v authoritative_a neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o right_a to_o judge_v for_o jurisdiction_n there_o can_v be_v but_o in_o a_o superior_a who_o shall_v have_v respect_n not_o bare_o to_o the_o person_n but_o to_o the_o matter_n also_o which_o be_v to_o be_v poise_v with_o its_o due_a circumstance_n but_o the_o case_n of_o succession_n be_v not_o proper_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o present_a king_n because_o he_o can_v of_o himself_o by_o any_o law_n bound_v his_o successor_n for_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o empire_n lie_v not_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o jurisdiction_n at_o all_o but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n be_v controvert_v the_o pretender_n unto_o it_o will_v do_v very_o pious_o and_o just_o if_o they_o can_v agree_v between_o themselves_o upon_o some_o indifferent_a person_n to_o who_o arbitrement_n they_o can_v be_v content_v to_o refer_v themselves_o whereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o but_o the_o people_n have_v transfer_v all_o their_o jurisdiction_n from_o themselves_o into_o the_o king_n and_o the_o royal_a family_n during_o which_o they_o can_v challenge_v to_o themselves_o any_o relic_n of_o it_o this_o i_o mean_v of_o a_o true_a kingdom_n and_o not_o of_o every_o principality_n but_o yet_o if_o in_o the_o discuss_n of_o this_o right_a any_o question_n do_v arise_v concern_v the_o primary_n will_v and_o intention_n of_o the_o people_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o present_a that_o be_v of_o all_o the_o three_o state_n i_o mean_v of_o the_o noble_n clergy_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o england_n and_o scotland_n as_o camden_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1572._o 1571_o 1572._o for_o the_o people_n in_o present_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v the_o same_o they_o ancient_o be_v or_o by_o delegate_n purposely_o choose_v as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n unless_o it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o people_n than_o be_v clear_o of_o another_o will_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o right_n of_o empire_n be_v obtain_v 2._o plut._n de_fw-fr fratrum_fw-la amore_fw-la paus_n lib._n 4._o justin_n lib._n 2._o thus_o do_v king_n euphaes_n suffer_v the_o messenian_n diligent_o to_o inquire_v which_o of_o the_o royal_a stock_n of_o the_o aepytidae_n have_v most_o right_o to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o contest_v between_o xerxes_n and_o artabazanes_n be_v determine_v by_o their_o uncle_n artaphernes_n to_o who_o it_o be_v amicable_o refer_v as_o to_o a_o domestic_a judge_n xxviii_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v postnate_a but_o let_v we_o proceed_v to_o other_o case_n it_o have_v be_v often_o controvert_v which_o of_o the_o two_o son_n have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o the_o succession_n he_o that_o be_v bear_v before_o the_o father_n gain_v the_o kingdom_n or_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v after_o whereunto_o the_o most_o rational_a answer_n be_v that_o he_o that_o be_v first_o bear_v shall_v first_o succeed_v if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v indivisible_a which_o hold_v true_a in_o every_o kind_n of_o succession_n yet_o do_v henry_n the_o first_o young_a brother_n to_o rufus_n assume_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n while_o his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v in_o the_o holy_a land_n upon_o this_o pretence_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v to_o his_o father_n after_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o england_n whereas_o his_o brother_n robert_n be_v bear_v while_o his_o father_n be_v duke_n of_o normandy_n only_o yet_o be_v henry_n just_o brand_v as_o a_o usurper_n of_o his_o brother_n right_o by_o mat._n parisiensis_fw-la but_o in_o case_n the_o kingdom_n be_v divisible_a without_o doubt_n the_o latter_a shall_v have_v his_o share_n as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o good_n concern_v which_o it_o matter_n not_o when_o they_o be_v get_v now_o if_o he_o that_o of_o a_o divisible_a estate_n may_v have_v his_o share_n and_o in_o that_o which_o be_v indivisible_a be_v prefer_v by_o the_o privilege_n of_o his_o birth_n sure_o even_o the_o inheritance_n must_v follow_v that_o son_n which_o be_v bear_v before_o his_o father_n first_o investiture_n but_o even_o in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n a_o kingdom_n be_v no_o soon_o get_v but_o the_o child_n which_o be_v antenate_n do_v immediate_o conceive_v a_o hope_n of_o succession_n for_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v none_o bear_v after_o sure_o not_o man_n will_v say_v that_o those_o before_o bear_v be_v to_o be_v exclude_v but_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o succession_n a_o hope_n once_o conceive_v beget_v a_o right_n neither_o do_v it_o by_o any_o post_n fact_n determine_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o cognatical_a succession_n where_o it_o may_v be_v for_o a_o while_n suspend_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o sex_n thus_o be_v the_o case_n decide_v in_o persia_n between_o cyrus_n and_o artaxerxes_n in_o judaea_n between_o antipater_n the_o son_n of_o herod_n the_o great_a and_o his_o brethren_n in_o hungary_n when_o geissa_n begin_v his_o reign_n and_o in_o germany_n though_o not_o without_o blood_n between_o otto_n the_o first_o 24._o mariana_n l._n 24._o and_z henry_n and_o in_o turkey_n between_o bajazet_n the_o antenate_n and_o gemes_n the_o postnate_a to_o the_o empire_n and_o though_o haply_o it_o may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n do_v much_o depend_v upon_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o be_v those_o suffrage_n always_o limit_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n 23._o lib._n 23._o for_o thus_o much_o do_v mariana_n testify_v of_o the_o arsacidae_n who_o be_v parthian_n reign_v in_o persia_n and_o the_o like_a do_v zonaras_n in_o justin_n of_o those_o persian_n that_o succeed_v those_o parthian_n xxix_o unless_o otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o sparta_n we_o attribute_v to_o the_o law_n proper_a to_o they_o only_o which_o give_v the_o son_n that_o be_v postnate_v the_o pre-eminence_n for_o their_o more_o heroic_a education_n the_o like_a may_v also_o happen_v by_o some_o peculiar_a law_n make_v upon_o the_o first_o investiture_n if_o a_o sovereign_a lord_n shall_v give_v unto_o his_o vassal_n and_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v bear_v of_o he_o a_o empire_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o fee_n upon_o the_o strength_n of_o which_o argument_n lewis_n in_o the_o contest_v that_o arise_v between_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n galeatius_fw-la for_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n do_v
some_o contract_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v vulgar_o so_o account_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o lender_n require_v somewhat_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a detention_n of_o his_o money_n lend_v or_o be_v frustrate_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n that_o he_o may_v have_v make_v by_o it_o deduct_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o hope_n and_o also_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n he_o must_v have_v run_v for_o it_o so_o likewise_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o lend_v money_n to_o many_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n keep_v his_o money_n ready_a with_o his_o book_n of_o account_n and_o for_o the_o danger_n he_o run_v of_o lose_v the_o principal_a where_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o secure_v if_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o case_n be_v require_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v usury_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o opinion_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o they_o hate_v the_o word_n foenus_fw-la so_o they_o will_v easy_o admit_v of_o vsura_fw-la vsura_fw-la non_fw-la propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la petentium_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la moram_fw-la solventium_fw-la not_o that_o the_o lender_n desire_v to_o make_v again_o by_o the_o want_v of_o the_o borrower_n but_o because_o his_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v on_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o this_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la and_o usura_fw-la how_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la be_v that_o which_o we_o contract_v for_o more_o than_o the_o principal_n mere_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o vsura_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v more_o than_o the_o principal_n lest_o the_o lender_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o principal_n but_o since_o this_o word_n vsura_fw-la be_v abuse_v by_o some_o have_v get_v a_o ill_a report_n therefore_o have_v this_o latter_a age_n substitute_v in_o its_o room_n the_o word_n interest_n demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o pantaenetus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o usurer_n that_o lend_v what_o he_o have_v get_v either_o by_o merchandize_v or_o by_o his_o honest_a labour_n sub_fw-la modico_fw-la lucello_fw-la for_o some_o moderate_a gain_n partly_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v so_o get_v and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v another_o it_o be_v record_v of_o germanus_n kinsman_n to_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o every_o man_n that_o need_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n true_n it_o be_v that_o the_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o decretal_n do_v all_o declaim_v against_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o civilian_n baldus_n call_v it_o a_o profitable_a theft_n or_o piracy_n bartolus_n condemn_v all_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o most_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v they_o content_v to_o tolerate_v it_o be_v restrain_v and_o moderate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n nishech_n signify_v a_o bite_a or_o grind_v usury_n such_o a_o lend_n of_o money_n as_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o charity_n devour_v the_o poor_a borrower_n the_o matter_n that_o bind_v the_o conscience_n be_v the_o debtor_n gain_v nothing_o by_o the_o money_n lend_v and_o not_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n it_o be_v a_o more_o bite_a usury_n to_o take_v 2_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o he_o that_o get_v nothing_o than_o to_o receive_v 6_o or_o 8_o of_o he_o that_o make_v thereof_o a_o great_a gain_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o among_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o rob_v the_o rich_a no_o man_n be_v by_o the_o law_n bind_v or_o so_o much_o as_o admonish_v to_o lend_v to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n and_o in_o case_n another_o man_n gain_n by_o what_o be_v i_o natural_a equity_n require_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o by_o my_o mean_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a again_o if_o to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o present_a want_n i_o lend_v free_o until_o such_o a_o time_n prefix_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o of_o payment_n and_o i_o thereby_o incur_v any_o damage_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o damage_n and_o so_o interest_n may_v be_v due_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v also_o if_o a_o tradesman_n lend_v his_o money_n which_o he_o can_v spare_v till_o such_o a_o mart_n to_o be_v then_o pay_v and_o the_o borrower_n fail_v in_o his_o payment_n whereby_o he_o be_v disable_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o trade_n for_o the_o next_o year_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n the_o lender_n sustain_v propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o our_o hope_n of_o gain_n cease_v again_o four_o man_n be_v partner_n in_o one_o shop_n two_o be_v age_a supply_n money_n the_o other_o two_o be_v young_a and_o active_a do_v take_v pain_n to_o improve_v it_o if_o they_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o care_n gain_v 20_o or_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o pay_v the_o other_o two_o be_v past_o their_o labour_n 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o their_o maintenance_n can_v this_o be_v call_v bite_a usury_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o two_o lender_n take_v no_o pain_n nor_o run_v any_o hazard_n i_o answer_v yes_o they_o do_v doubtless_o take_v pain_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o they_o do_v now_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o lend_v their_o money_n to_o they_o that_o be_v painful_a but_o have_v nothing_o it_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o germanus_n 3._o proc._n got._n l._n 3._o a_o kinsman_n of_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o such_o as_o need_v it_o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n our_o king_n edgar_n forbid_v usury_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o send_v away_o all_o the_o banker_n who_o gregory_n the_o ten_o have_v send_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o england_n and_o place_v in_o lumbardstreet_n henry_n the_o eight_o allow_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o year_n which_o edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v queen_n elizabeth_z tolerate_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o do_v king_n james_n which_o charles_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o yet_o continue_v xxii_o what_o power_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o case_n but_o these_o humane_a law_n that_o tolerate_v a_o moderate_a gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o holland_n they_o permit_v 8_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o some_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o merchant_n for_o a_o year_n as_o a_o reasonable_a compensation_n for_o that_o loss_n which_o the_o lender_n do_v or_o may_v sustain_v by_o the_o forbearance_n of_o his_o money_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o divine_a but_o if_o they_o exceed_v this_o rate_n those_o law_n may_v afford_v impunity_n but_o no_o just_a right_n xxiii_o how_o contract_v concern_v ensurance_n be_v to_o be_v value_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o ensure_v of_o good_n from_o casualty_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n do_v know_v that_o the_o good_n be_v already_o safe_o arrive_v at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v bind_v or_o that_o they_o be_v perish_v by_o the_o way_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o parity_n or_o equality_n of_o knowledge_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v between_o such_o contractor_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o contract_n which_o be_v a_o loss_n but_o uncertain_a which_o in_o respect_n of_o both_o party_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v but_o at_o what_o rate_n these_o good_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v depend_v upon_o common_a estimation_n xxiv_o how_o in_o society_n with_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o social_a negotiation_n where_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o company_n if_o every_o member_n contribute_v a_o equal_a proportion_n in_o money_n their_o gain_n or_o loss_n shall_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v unequal_a every_o member_n shall_v be_v rate_v according_a to_o his_o proportion_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o the_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o joint_a service_n according_o as_o the_o service_n be_v by_o agreement_n either_o equal_o or_o unequal_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o yet_o in_o such_o negotiation_n service_n may_v be_v set_v against_o money_n
such_o a_o limit_a time_n as_o most_o some_o of_o these_o be_v insert_v it_o will_v from_o hence_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o league_n be_v real_a such_o be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n which_o when_o his_o son_n perseus_n deny_v to_o bind_v he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n ensue_v there_o be_v also_o other_o word_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v a_o league_n to_o be_v real_a yea_o and_o sometime_o the_o matter_n itself_o may_v administer_v ground_n for_o probable_a conjecture_n and_o where_o the_o conjecture_n be_v equal_o probable_a there_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o those_o league_n which_o be_v favourable_a and_o equal_a shall_v be_v account_v real_a those_o that_o be_v grievous_a and_o hateful_a personal_a league_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mutual_a peace_n or_o commerce_n be_v favourable_a those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o war_n be_v not_o always_o odious_a as_o some_o hold_n but_o if_o 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his_o gain_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o do_v perish_v than_o the_o value_n of_o it_o not_o to_o the_o high_a rate_n nor_o to_o the_o low_a but_o moderate_v among_o these_o we_o may_v also_o rank_a such_o as_o defraud_v prince_n of_o their_o lawful_a custom_n and_o contribution_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v they_o bind_v to_o reparation_n that_o have_v wrong_v other_o by_o either_o their_o unjust_a sentence_n or_o unjust_a accusation_n or_o by_o their_o false_a testimony_n xvii_o in_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n or_o fraud_n cause_v a_o promise_n as_o also_o he_o that_o shall_v either_o by_o fraud_n force_n or_o unjust_a fear_n urge_v a_o contract_n or_o a_o promise_n from_o any_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v reparation_n to_o the_o full_a for_o hereby_o he_o rob_v the_o man_n he_o deal_v with_o of_o a_o double_a right_n first_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n he_o have_v this_o right_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deceive_v and_o then_o by_o the_o natural_a liberty_n 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beast_n that_o hurt_v his_o neighbour_n not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o be_v worthy_a our_o observation_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o we_o deliver_v up_o our_o beast_n or_o bondslave_n to_o punishment_n which_o have_v endamage_v our_o neighbour_n for_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v innocent_a be_v natural_o bind_v to_o nothing_o as_o neither_o be_v he_o who_o ship_n without_o his_o fault_n fall_v foul_a and_o hurt_v another_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o such_o damage_n be_v usual_o divide_v between_o both_o because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v prove_v xxii_o the_o damage_n against_o a_o man_n honour_n how_o to_o be_v tepair_v but_o the_o wound_n we_o receive_v in_o our_o honour_n or_o fame_n as_o by_o stripe_n reproach_n curse_n and_o such_o like_a must_v have_v their_o proper_a cure_n and_o in_o these_o no_o less_o than_o in_o theft_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o in_o those_o our_o reparation_n consist_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n so_o in_o this_o the_o damage_n we_o sustain_v be_v repair_v by_o confession_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o by_o exhibit_v all_o due_a honour_n to_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v and_o the_o public_a testimony_n give_v both_o of_o his_o innocency_n and_o our_o own_o repentance_n and_o such_o like_a mean_n although_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o his_o purse_n if_o the_o injure_a person_n desire_v it_o because_o money_n be_v the_o common_a standard_n whereby_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o profit_n be_v measure_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n i._o there_o be_v some_o
accrue_v unto_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o secure_v their_o person_n do_v by_o much_o preponderate_a that_o which_o we_o may_v hope_v for_o in_o their_o punishment_n for_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o that_o send_v he_o if_o he_o be_v willing_a which_o if_o refuse_v than_o we_o can_v but_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o as_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n by_o his_o approve_v it_o but_o some_o will_v object_v that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o one_o shall_v be_v punish_v than_o a_o multitude_n engage_v in_o a_o war._n but_o if_o he_o that_o send_v the_o ambassador_n do_v approve_v of_o his_o fact_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o ambassador_n can_v free_v we_o from_o the_o danger_n now_o whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o connive_v and_o dissemble_v the_o fact_n or_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war_n will_v be_v the_o question_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n will_v be_v but_o slender_o provide_v for_o if_o they_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o any_o but_o unto_o he_o that_o send_v they_o for_o since_o the_o design_n of_o they_o that_o send_v ambassador_n and_o of_o those_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n diverse_a if_o not_o contrary_a it_o can_v possible_o be_v but_o that_o some_o of_o their_o action_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v criminous_a and_o although_o some_o be_v so_o manifest_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o doubt_n yet_o be_v the_o universal_a danger_n sufficient_a for_o the_o equity_n and_o benefit_n of_o a_o universal_a law_n wherefore_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n that_o common_a custom_n which_o require_v that_o every_o man_n that_o reside_v in_o a_o foreign_a country_n shall_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n shall_v except_v ambassador_n who_o as_o they_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v the_o person_n of_o they_o that_o send_v they_o for_o so_o speak_v cicero_n of_o a_o certain_a ambassador_n senatus_n faciem_fw-la secum_fw-la attulerat_fw-la he_o bring_v with_o he_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o senate_n the_o authority_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n so_o may_v they_o be_v imagine_v to_o live_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o therefore_o not_o bind_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o place_n they_o be_v real_o in_o wherefore_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v such_o as_o may_v safe_o be_v slight_v it_o be_v either_o to_o be_v dissemble_v or_o the_o ambassador_n command_v to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o polybius_n tell_v we_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o who_o procure_v the_o flight_n of_o the_o hostage_n from_o rome_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o muscovite_n ambassador_n and_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o the_o scottish_a and_o spanish_a ambassador_n for_o when_o mendoza_n the_o spanish_a ambassador_n be_v find_v practise_v with_o throckmorton_n and_o other_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o foreign_a power_n into_o england_n and_o to_o depose_v the_o queen_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n and_o abuse_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o ambassador_n be_v command_v to_o depart_v the_o realm_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o rosse_n delegated_a ambassador_n from_o the_o imprison_a queen_n of_o scot_n be_v find_v design_v mean_n both_o within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o without_o to_o raise_v rebellion_n and_o to_o procure_v a_o foreign_a invasion_n it_o be_v demand_v of_o the_o most_o learned_a civilian_n of_o that_o age_n whether_o a_o ambassador_n raise_v rebellion_n against_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v may_v enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o ambassador_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o have_v thereby_o lose_v his_o privilege_n and_o may_v be_v punish_v as_o camden_n record_v it_o anno_fw-la 1571._o and_o 1584._o and_o we_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o at_o another_o time_n the_o roman_n cause_v the_o tarentine_n ambassador_n to_o be_v whip_v with_o rod_n for_o convey_v their_o hostage_n out_o of_o rome_n but_o this_o be_v do_v because_o the_o tarentines_n be_v conquer_v begin_v then_o to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o we_o read_v of_o charles_n the_o five_o that_o he_o command_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n as_o be_v his_o subject_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o depart_v his_o court_n without_o leave_n as_o guicciardine_n relate_v it_o but_o in_o case_n the_o crime_n be_v heinous_a and_o menace_a present_a danger_n to_o the_o state_n then_o be_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o his_o master_n with_o demand_n that_o he_o either_o punish_v he_o or_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o we_o read_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o they_o demand_v the_o fabii_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v before_o all_o humane_a law_n be_v so_o make_v that_o they_o oblige_v not_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n the_o same_o may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o these_o right_n of_o ambassador_n wherefore_o that_o we_o may_v prevent_v some_o imminent_a danger_n especial_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o no_o fit_a mean_n can_v be_v think_v on_o we_o may_v both_o apprehend_v and_o examine_v he_o as_o the_o roman_a consul_n do_v the_o ambassador_n of_o tarquin_n all_o intercourse_n by_o letter_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prevent_v as_o livy_n direct_v 3._o direct_v literarumim-primus_a habita_fw-la cura_fw-la ne_fw-la interciderent_fw-la plut._n vit._n pet._n off._n l._n 3._o pelopidas_n be_v imprison_v by_o alexander_n pheraeus_n for_o that_o be_v a_o ambassador_n he_o stir_v up_o the_o thessalian_n to_o liberty_n but_o in_o case_n a_o ambassador_n shall_v attempt_v to_o assault_v another_o man_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n sure_o he_o may_v be_v kill_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o natural_a defence_n so_o the_o gaul_n may_v have_v kill_v the_o fabii_n who_o livy_n brand_v as_o be_v the_o infringer_n of_o humane_a right_n wherefore_o when_o the_o herald_n in_o euripides_n attempt_v by_o force_n to_o rescue_v the_o suppliant_n he_o be_v by_o force_n resist_v and_o when_o the_o herald_n demand_v of_o he_o dare_v thou_o a_o herald_n hither_o send_v to_o smite_v he_o be_v answer_v yes_o if_o that_o herald_n first_o begin_v so_o fight_v and_o because_o that_o herald_n do_v act_n by_o force_n and_o violence_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n as_o philostratus_n record_v in_o the_o life_n of_o herod_n by_o the_o like_a distinction_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o do_v cicero_n resolve_v this_o question_n whether_o a_o son_n ought_v to_o accuse_v his_o own_o father_n be_v a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n namely_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a and_o imminent_a he_o ought_v by_o way_n of_o prevention_n but_o in_o case_n the_o danger_n be_v past_a he_o ought_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o the_o fact_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o ambassador_n say_v theodatus_fw-la the_o goth_n to_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n ambassador_n be_v with_o all_o man_n hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o honourable_a which_o honour_n they_o may_v just_o claim_v while_o they_o uphold_v their_o dignity_n by_o their_o modesty_n for_o most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o ambassador_n if_o he_o be_v injurious_a to_o the_o person_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v or_o shall_v defile_v himself_o by_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o marriage_n and_o when_o some_o ambassador_n do_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o suspicion_n of_o commit_v adultery_n that_o they_o can_v not_o stir_v abroad_o without_o a_o guard_n they_o prudent_o add_v that_o if_o a_o ambassador_n do_v deliver_v no_o other_o message_n 1571._o camdâ—n_n anno_fw-la 1571._o than_o what_o he_o receive_v from_o his_o master_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o unpleasant_a he_o be_v not_o faulty_a but_o he_o that_o send_v he_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o commit_v unto_o he_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v faithful_o discharge_v the_o command_n that_o be_v give_v he_o v._o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o these_o law_n of_o embassage_n to_o who_o the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o send_v this_o law_n of_o secure_v ambassador_n from_o force_n or_o violence_n oblige_v he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v at_o least_o when_o they_o be_v admit_v as_o if_o from_o that_o time_n there_o have_v pass_v between_o they_o a_o tacit_fw-la covenant_n but_o before_o they_o be_v receive_v they_o can_v claim_v no_o such_o privilege_n because_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v may_v haply_o declare_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v and_o if_o so_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v account_v as_o enemy_n as_o the_o roman_n premonish_v the_o aetolian_n and_o as_o the_o same_o roman_n long_o since_o by_o a_o edict_n signify_v to_o the_o
hollander_n than_o have_v with_o the_o spaniard_n the_o like_a have_v always_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o french_a to_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o that_o so_o free_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o enemy_n have_v in_o other_o man_n name_n transport_v their_o good_n without_o damage_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o edict_n make_v 1543._o chapter_n the_o 42._o and_o by_o another_o make_v 1584._o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o their_o friend_n may_v free_o traffic_v whither_o they_o please_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o their_o own_o ship_n man_n and_o good_n and_o that_o those_o good_n be_v not_o belli_n instrumenta_fw-la arm_n nor_o ammunition_n for_o war_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v be_v make_v strong_a but_o in_o case_n they_o do_v so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o seize_v they_o to_o their_o own_o use_n pay_v a_o valuable_a price_n for_o they_o wherein_o two_o thing_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o by_o these_o law_n ammunition_n for_o war_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o lawful_a prize_n much_o less_o be_v other_o innocent_a merchandize_n obnoxious_a to_o this_o danger_n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o northern_a nation_n have_v sometime_o usurp_v another_o right_n but_o not_o constant_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o rather_o by_o present_a necessity_n then_o by_o a_o perpetual_a equity_n the_o english_a upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o war_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o dane_n freedom_n of_o traffic_n whence_o arise_v that_o war_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n whereby_o the_o english_a be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o tribute_n to_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v call_v the_o dane_n penny_n which_o though_o the_o cause_n be_v change_v yet_o the_o name_n of_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o thuanus_n record_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1589._o again_o we_o find_v it_o record_v as_o well_o by_o rhâ—danus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o oâ—_n by_o master_n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n send_v her_o ambassador_n sr_n william_n winter_n and_o secretary_n beale_n to_o remonstrate_v that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o war_n then_o with_o spain_n shall_v detain_v their_o ship_n trade_v in_o the_o spanish_a port_n and_o when_o the_o english_a and_o the_o hollander_n be_v both_o at_o war_n with_o spain_n do_v disturb_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o their_o traffic_n with_o the_o spaniard_n with_o what_o a_o disputable_a right_n they_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o eager_a dissertation_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v worthy_a our_o perusal_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o this_o controversy_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o english_a themselves_o do_v in_o their_o writing_n acknowledge_v no_o less_o whereas_o they_o principal_o insist_v upon_o these_o two_o argument_n to_o defend_v their_o cause_n namely_o that_o the_o german_n do_v furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o instrument_n of_o war_n and_o second_o that_o it_o have_v be_v mutual_o agree_v in_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o both_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v the_o like_a agreement_n we_o find_v afterward_o make_v between_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n and_o the_o lubecker_n and_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1593._o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v permit_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o traffic_v within_o their_o dominion_n or_o shall_v aid_v they_o with_o either_o man_n money_n ship_n or_o victual_n and_o afterward_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n that_o the_o dane_n shall_v obstruct_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n be_v then_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o swede_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o merchandize_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o sound_n or_o the_o baltic_a sea_n to_o any_o of_o the_o swede_n enemy_n for_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v to_o receive_v other_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n from_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o these_o be_v particular_a contract_n from_o whence_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v infer_v neither_o do_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n only_o blame_v the_o english_a for_o deny_v they_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o enemy_n but_o the_o polander_n also_o complain_v against_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1597_o as_o cambden_n relate_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n waâ—_n violate_v because_o they_o be_v molest_v in_o their_o commerce_n with_o spain_n because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v war_n with_o england_n but_o the_o french_a have_v make_v peace_n with_o spain_n be_v solicit_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v still_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o spaniard_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o english_a to_o search_v their_o ship_n for_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n will_v not_o admit_v so_o much_o as_o this_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o rapine_n and_o to_o disturb_v traffic_n so_o in_o the_o league_n that_o the_o english_a make_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o it_o concern_v to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n shall_v be_v solicit_v to_o forbiâ—_n all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o voluntary_o then_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v their_o ship_n to_o be_v search_v that_o no_o arm_n or_o instrument_n for_o war_n may_v be_v thither_o import_v but_o beyond_o this_o neither_o be_v the_o good_n or_o ship_n detain_v nor_o any_o hurt_n do_v under_o that_o pretence_n to_o such_o as_o traffic_v peaceable_o nay_o when_o in_o the_o same_o year_n several_a hamburger_n be_v take_v lade_v most_o with_o instrument_n of_o war_n those_o only_o be_v challenge_v by_o the_o english_a as_o prize_n but_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n but_o the_o french_a when_o their_o ship_n be_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v by_o the_o english_a because_o bind_v for_o spain_n do_v declare_v unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v remonstrance_n and_o public_a declaration_n forbid_v traffic_n with_o our_o enemy_n before_o we_o seize_v their_o good_n as_o prize_n so_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o those_o of_o the_o holy_a league_n 1598._o see_v a_o example_n of_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o english_a in_o cambden_n about_o the_o year_n 1591._o and_o 1598._o send_v out_o her_o proclamation_n command_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v victual_n or_o provision_n for_o war_n out_o of_o â—ngland_n into_o any_o of_o the_o port_n of_o france_n possess_v by_o the_o leaguer_n or_o traffic_v with_o they_o uâ—on_a pain_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o afterward_o the_o war_n wax_v hot_a it_o be_v public_o command_v upon_o the_o like_a pain_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v corn_n munition_n or_o provision_n for_o ship_n into_o spain_n because_o he_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o england_n and_o refuse_v to_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a league_n betwixt_o their_o predecessor_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o any_o nation_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o their_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n by_o such_o declaration_n but_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o every_o nation_n choice_n to_o do_v as_o their_o own_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n shall_v prompt_v they_o to_o there_o be_v nothing_o find_v in_o history_n 1595._o vid._n thuan._n an._n 1589._o lib._n 96._o cambd._n an._n 1589._o &_o 1595._o that_o may_v probable_o infer_v any_o certain_a determination_n of_o this_o controversy_n among_o nation_n wherefore_o such_o declaration_n though_o publish_v have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v and_o sometime_o not_o according_o as_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o respective_a advantage_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o the_o hansetown_n make_v sore_a complaint_n against_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1595._o cambd._n an._n 1595._o upon_o her_o take_n of_o sixty_o hulk_n traffic_v to_o spain_n then_o in_o open_a war_n with_o england_n as_o if_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v be_v break_v she_o answer_v that_o she_o have_v forewarn_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o carry_v any_o provision_n for_o war_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o carry_v they_o she_o have_v lawful_o take_v they_o and_o can_v do_v no_o other_o unless_o she_o will_v wilful_o draw_v destruction_n upon_o herself_o and_o people_n that_o
to_o the_o use_n thereof_o lie_v common_a to_o all_o men._n which_o seem_v contradiction_n may_v be_v thus_o easy_o reconcile_v propriety_n the_o sea_n and_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n neratius_n speak_v of_o the_o shoar_n as_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o to_o mariner_n and_o to_o such_o as_o pass_v by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v natural_o common_a but_o as_o to_o any_o benefit_n or_o profitable_a improvement_n of_o it_o by_o erect_v fort_n or_o other_o durable_a building_n so_o as_o celsus_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o as_o pomponius_n likewise_o inform_v we_o such_o building_n can_v not_o be_v erect_v without_o special_a licence_n from_o the_o praetor_n either_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n and_o so_o repute_v as_o part_v of_o it_o x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o part_n of_o sea_n close_v by_o land_n may_v be_v occupy_v though_o these_o thing_n be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o arise_v from_o custom_n and_o consent_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o sense_n take_v as_o be_v before_o declare_v be_v not_o occupy_v nor_o by_o right_n can_v be_v so_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v some_o merchant_n ship_n of_o hull_n for_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n near_o island_n without_o leave_n our_o most_o wise_a queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v that_o the_o best_a lawyer_n have_v adjudge_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v free_a and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n common_a to_o all_o nor_o can_v be_v interdict_a by_o any_o prince_n and_o as_o to_o custom_n she_o answer_v that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v ever_o exact_v it_o 1600._o camd._n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1600._o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o his_o father_n have_v grant_v that_o the_o english_a abstain_v from_o injury_n shall_v have_v freedom_n of_o fish_v without_o leave_n for_o river_n also_o be_v public_a we_o know_v and_o yet_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o some_o corner_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o same_o river_n may_v proper_o belong_v to_o some_o private_a person_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v say_v by_o paulus_n the_o civilian_n that_o where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n he_o may_v have_v a_o injunction_n to_o quiet_a his_o possession_n for_o this_o be_v now_o a_o private_a case_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n which_o proper_o appertain_v to_o private_a not_o public_a cause_n where_o doubtless_o he_o treat_v of_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o some_o private_a man_n ground_n which_o we_o read_v be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o by_o lucullus_n and_o other_o and_o as_o sallust_n testify_v by_o many_o private_a man_n in_o his_o time_n who_o have_v subvert_v many_o mountain_n and_o make_v sea_n out_o of_o dry_a land_n whereunto_o horace_n thus_o allude_v while_o mountain_n into_o sea_n be_v cast_v fish_v frighten_v from_o their_o hold_n do_v stand_v aghast_a the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o paterculus_n we_o say_v he_o inject_n huge_a hill_n of_o earth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o when_o we_o have_v make_v mountain_n hollow_a we_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o concave_n pliny_n likewise_o speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v that_o it_o must_v be_v embowel_v to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o what_o great_a bulwark_n say_v cassiodore_n be_v the_o sea_n bank_n decent_o invade_v how_o far_o do_v the_o earth_n encroach_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o as_o tibullus_n write_v the_o untamed_a sea_n with_o mountain_n be_v immure_v that_o fish_n from_o winter_n storm_n may_v lie_v secure_v varro_n write_v of_o l._n lucullus_n say_v that_o have_v cut_v through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o passage_n for_o the_o maritine_n river_n into_o his_o pond_n he_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o sea_n fish_n luculli_fw-la vita_fw-la luculli_fw-la that_o neptune_n himself_o have_v not_o more_o plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o lucullus_n that_o have_v surround_v his_o village_n with_o trench_n and_o channel_n even_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o store_v they_o with_o fish_n he_o make_v his_o banqueting-house_n within_o the_o sea_n itself_o 54._o lib._n 9_o c._n 54._o so_o do_v pliny_n that_o have_v at_o a_o vast_a charge_n dug_n through_o a_o mountain_n and_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v by_o pompey_n the_o great_a call_v xerxem_n togatum_fw-la the_o very_a like_a do_v valerius_n maximus_n record_n of_o c._n sergius_n orata_n who_o by_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o springtide_n and_o intercept_n its_o go_v out_o make_v sea_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o but_o the_o very_a same_o we_o find_v afterward_o produce_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n about_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v enclose_v within_o certain_a bound_n and_o possess_v as_o a_o private_a estate_n now_o if_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v annex_v to_o a_o private_a man_n estate_n as_o be_v environ_v by_o it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n so_o small_a in_o proportion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deem_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o oppose_v it_o why_o may_v not_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o he_o or_o their_o dominion_n who_o the_o shore_n be_v especial_o while_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o territory_n be_v no_o great_a than_o a_o small_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o private_a man_n land_n wherewith_o it_o be_v encompass_v neither_o will_v it_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n to_o say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v not_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v as_o may_v be_v easy_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o river_n that_o be_v not_o every_o where_o begird_v with_o bank_n or_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o conveniency_n of_o importation_n be_v let_v into_o some_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shoar_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n indulge_v unto_o we_o by_o nature_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n do_v prohibit_v wherefore_o where_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n and_o not_o by_o common_a consent_n repeal_v no_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n surround_v by_o the_o shoar_n and_o questionless_a though_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o free_a yet_o as_o to_o any_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n as_o by_o fish_v or_o otherwise_o it_o may_v by_o custom_n or_o consent_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o prince_n who_o the_o territory_n be_v prince_n whether_o stranger_n may_v fish_v in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o join_v to_o the_o shoar_n of_o another_o prince_n for_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n border_v on_o the_o territory_n of_o any_o prince_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tax_n and_o tribute_n which_o those_o prince_n take_v of_o stranger_n for_o fish_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n as_o in_o russia_n where_o the_o tax_n for_o fish_v be_v very_o great_a insomuch_o that_o the_o hollander_n give_v the_o ten_o fish_n denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n at_o ward-house_n and_o in_o the_o sound_n as_o also_o for_o fish_v in_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o even_o for_o navigate_a that_o sea_n between_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o island_n as_o the_o merchant_n of_o hall_n late_o find_v by_o sad_a experience_n as_o sweden_n also_o do_v heretofore_o when_o norway_n be_v they_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v the_o like_a for_o fish_v on_o their_o respective_a coast_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n in_o scotland_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n so_o do_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n also_o on_o those_o take_v on_o their_o own_o coast_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v now_o as_o much_o as_o 18_o d._n h._n 7._o resolve_v to_o set_v up_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o england_n consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o he_o
so_o to_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n queen_n mary_n let_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o 1000_o l._n yearly_a rent_n to_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n the_o hans-town_n have_v liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v they_o in_o those_o sea_n 1_o mar._n upon_o some_o condition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o for_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n merchant_n nature_n law_n merchant_n licence_n be_v usual_o grant_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n king_n james_n set_v out_o a_o proclamation_n 1609._o to_o restrain_v all_o stranger_n from_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n without_o licence_n to_o be_v yearly_o grant_v can_v be_v claim_v by_o any_o people_n as_o their_o peculiar_a right_n xi_o how_o such_o possession_n be_v gain_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v but_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v not_o yet_o receive_v or_o now_o abolish_v the_o bare_a possession_n of_o the_o coast_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entitle_v any_o people_n to_o a_o right_n in_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v nor_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o a_o prince_n to_o conceive_v or_o to_o write_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n unless_o by_o some_o overt_a act_n he_o proclaim_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o beside_o that_o dominion_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n may_v be_v desert_v and_o then_o the_o sea_n return_v to_o its_o pristine_a nature_n and_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o shore_n be_v be_v destitute_a of_o building_n and_o as_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o creek_n of_o a_o river_n as_o pomponius_n note_v xii_o such_o occapancy_n hinder_v not_o our_o right_n to_o traffic_n innocent_o by_o sea_n but_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n extend_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o give_v a_o right_n to_o impede_fw-la any_o nation_n from_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o free_a passage_n so_o as_o it_o be_v mere_o for_o innocent_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n but_o not_o for_o depredation_n or_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n see_v that_o even_o by_o land_n we_o allow_v the_o like_a freedom_n of_o passage_n which_o usual_o be_v less_o necessary_a and_o more_o offensive_a xiii_o that_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v and_o how_o but_o that_o the_o sole_a sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o other_o propriety_n may_v be_v hold_v may_v more_o easy_o be_v evince_v neither_o as_o i_o suppose_v can_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v gainsay_v it_o the_o argive_n charge_v it_o upon_o the_o athenian_n as_o a_o manifest_a breach_n of_o their_o league_n for_o that_o they_o have_v suffer_v the_o spartan_n be_v their_o enemy_n to_o pass_v through_o their_o sea_n unmolested_a whereas_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v against_o in_o the_o say_a league_n that_o neither_o party_n shall_v permit_v the_o other_o enemy_n to_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d through_o any_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o as_o thucydides_n record_v it_o when_o the_o grecian_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n for_o some_o year_n in_o the_o peloponesian_a war_n it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o megarense_n that_o they_o may_v free_o and_o safe_o pass_v through_o their_o own_o and_o their_o confederate_n sea_n so_o likewise_o dion_n cassius_n describe_v some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v it_o thus_o all_o that_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o themistius_n also_o concern_v the_o roman_a emperor_n say_v that_o his_o dominion_n reach_v over_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o sea_n do_v know_v not_o other_o law_n but_o thou_o dion_n prusaeensis_n among_o the_o many_o privilege_n give_v by_o augustus_n unto_o the_o city_n of_o tarsis_n add_v this_o that_o he_o give_v they_o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o river_n cydnus_n 2._o philip_n 2._o and_o over_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v thereunto_o demosthenes_n say_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n govern_v all_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o timotheus_n relate_v that_o after_o such_o a_o time_n the_o lacedaemonian_n lay_v down_o their_o long_a continue_a claim_n and_o voluntary_o yield_v unto_o the_o athenian_n the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n curtius_n of_o the_o city_n of_o tyra_n say_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n that_o she_o sit_v as_o queen_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n extend_v her_o dominion_n not_o to_o her_o neighbour_a sea_n only_o but_o to_o all_o other_o whithersoever_o her_o fleet_n shall_v ride_v philo_z the_o jew_n discourse_v of_o king_n say_v that_o they_o add_v to_o their_o possession_n sea_n infinite_a in_o number_n and_o extent_n so_o he_o that_o pen_v that_o oration_n concern_v halonesus_n which_o be_v insert_v among_o those_o of_o demosthenes_n speak_v of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v all_o that_o he_o desire_v of_o we_o be_v that_o we_o will_v confess_v ourselves_o unable_a to_o defend_v the_o sea_n without_o he_o and_o therefore_o that_o we_o will_v put_v he_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o and_o the_o emperor_n julian_n speak_v of_o alexander_n say_v that_o he_o endeavour_v by_o that_o war_n to_o make_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n now_o what_o alexander_n endeavour_v to_o do_v his_o successor_n antiochus_n claim_v as_o his_o right_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o speech_n of_o he_o in_o gorionides_n nun_n terra_fw-la &_o mare_fw-la mea_fw-la sunt_fw-la be_v not_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n we_o so_o also_o do_v his_o other_o successor_n ptolemy_n if_o theocritus_n deceive_v we_o not_o over_o many_o sea_n and_o land_n his_o empire_n reach_v and_o again_o all_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o roar_a river_n lie_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o king_n ptolemy_n now_o let_v we_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o roman_n hannibal_n himself_o thus_o bespeak_v scipio_n the_o great_a we_o carthaginian_n be_v confine_v within_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n while_o you_o roman_n be_v know_v to_o lord_n it_o over_o foreign_a kingdom_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a scipio_n claudian_n write_v thus_o with_o rome_n great_a power_n first_o in_o revenge_n he_o awe_v the_o spanish_a ocean_n under_o roman_a law_n all_o the_o roman_a historian_n do_v every_o where_o call_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n their_o own_o as_o sallust_n florus_n mela_n and_o other_o but_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n own_v they_o as_o lord_n not_o of_o the_o inland_n sea_n only_o which_o he_o bound_v with_o hercules_n pillar_n but_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o man_n and_o ship_n to_o sail_v and_o cassius_n grant_v that_o their_o empire_n extend_v almost_o as_o far_o as_o there_o be_v either_o sea_n or_o land_n appian_n describe_v the_o vastness_n of_o their_o power_n assign_v unto_o they_o the_o euxine_a the_o propontis_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegaean_a the_o pamphilian_a and_o the_o egyptian_a sea_n and_o plutarch_n make_v pompey_n lord_n of_o all_o that_o sea_n that_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n so_o do_v appian_n this_o also_o do_v philo_n against_o flaccus_n acknowledge_v since_o which_o say_v he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o empire_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n ovid_n also_o speak_v of_o augustus_n caesar_n say_v pontus_n quoque_fw-la serviet_fw-la illi_fw-la even_o the_o sea_n shall_v he_o obey_v and_o suetonius_n likewise_o record_v it_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n that_o during_o his_o reign_n the_o temple_n of_o janus_n be_v twice_o shut_v up_o he_o have_v so_o often_o make_v peace_n with_o all_o nation_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o augustus_n keep_v constant_o two_o great_a fleet_n the_o one_o at_o misenus_n the_o other_o at_o ravenna_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o nether_a sea_n so_o also_o valerius_n maximus_n tell_v tiberius_n that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o both_o god_n and_o man_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o very_a same_o do_v philo_n testify_v of_o the_o say_v tiberius_n that_o his_o empire_n comprehend_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o josephus_n style_v vespasian_n terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la dominum_fw-la the_o lord_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o like_a do_v aristides_n in_o many_o place_n attribute_v to_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n procopius_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a statue_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n erect_v in_o many_o place_n as_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n