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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35222	The English empire in America, or, A prospect of His Majesties dominions in the West-Indies ... with an account of the discovery, scituation, product, and other excellencies of these countries : to which is prefixed a relation of the first discovery of the New World called America, by the Spaniards, and of the remarkable voyages of several Englishmen to divers places therein : illustrated with maps and pictures by R.B., author of Englands monarchs, &c., Admirable curiosities in England, &c., Historical remarks of London, &c., The late wars in England, &c., and The history of Scotland and Ireland.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1685 (1685)	Wing C7319; ESTC R21113	146,553	216

going so that all the company perisht by famine or other extremities except the Pilot and three or four Mariners who all likewise died soon after their arrival leaving to Columbus their Landlord their Papers with some account of their Discoveries the time place Countrey and name of this Pilot is uncertain and therefore other Authors affirm it to be a fable or Spanish contrivance as envying that an Italian and Forreigner should have the glory of being the first discoverer of the Indies and the more judicious Spaniards account it a Tale and give a more probable Relation thereof and of the cause which moved Columbus to this mighty undertaking and not the Pilots Papers or reports For they write that Christopher Colon or Columbus was born at Nervi in the Territories of Genoa and bred a Mariner from his Child-hood trading into Syria and other Eastern Countries after which he learnt the art of making Sea Cards and went to Portugal to acquaint himself with the Coasts of Africa and there married In sayling about these Seas he observed that at certain seasons of the year the winds blew from the West for a great while together and judging they came from some Coasts beyond the Sea he was so concerned that he resolved to make a Trial thereof He was now forty years old and propounding to the State of Genoa that if they would furnish him with Ships he would find a way by the West to the Islands of Spices they rejected it as a dream or idle fancy Being thus frustrate of his hopes he goes to Portugal and communicates his design to King Alphonsus but with the same success upon which he sent his Brother Bartholomew Columbus to King Henry the Seventh of England to sollicit his assistance while himself went into Spain to impiore aid of the Castilians Bartholomew was unhappily taken by Pirates in his voyage to England who robbing him and his company of all they had he at length arrived and was forced to get a mean livelyhood by making Sea Cards and in a short time presents a Map of the World to King Henry with his Brothers offer of discovery which the King gladly accepted and sent for him into England But he had sped in his suit before in Spain for coming thither and conferring with two able Spanish Pilots they advised him to apply himself to the Dukes of Medina Sidonia and Medina Caeli who giving him recommendation to the Queens Confessor he arrived at the Court of Castile in 1486. but Ferdinando and Isabella then King and Queen of Spain being ingaged hotly in the Wars of Granada against the Moors he at first found but cold entertainment Thus he continued for some time in a mean and contemptible Condition till at length the Archbishop of Toledo procured him audience where he was favourably received and promised dispatch upon concluding the Wars in Granada and accordingly he was furnished with three Caravels at the Kings charges and sixteen thousand Duckets in money In 1492. August 3. Columbus accompanied with about one hundred and Twenty Persons set sail for Gomera one of the Canary Islands where having refresht after many days they encountred the Sea called Sargasso from an Herb like Sampire wherewith it is so covered that it appears like a green Field with empty berries like a Gooseberry and is so thick that the Water cannot be seen hindring the passage of the Ship without a strong wind these weeds are thought to reach to the bottom of the Sea though there exceeding deep and above four hundred miles distant from the Coast of Africa This strange accident much surprized the Spaniards and had occasioned their return had not the sight of some birds incouraged them with hopes of Land not far off After thirty three days sayling despairing of success the company mutined threatning to throw Columbus into the Sea disdaining that a Genouse stranger should thus abuse them but at length by soft words and strong promises he qualified their anger Oct. 11. following one Roderigo di Triana cried out Land Land the best musick that Columbus could desire who to pacify the Spaniards had ingaged that if no Land appeared in three days he would then return one of the company the night before had descried Fire which raised his expectation of having some great reward from the King of Spain of which being frustrate at his return he in a rage renounced his Christianity and turned Moor. With Tears of Joy the late mutinous Mariners behold the desired Land and they that Yesterday were ready to destroy now as far distracted with contrary passions imbrace and almost adore their dear Columbus for so happily bringing them to this Land of Promise On shore they go and felling a Tree make a Cross thereof which they there erected and took possession of this New World in the name of the Catholick King They first landed in an Island called Guanah●ni one of the Lucai which Columbus named St. Salvadore from whence he sayled to Baracoa an Haven on the North side of the Isle of Cuba and landing inquired of the Inhabitants for Cipango or Japan which they understanding to be Cibao in Hispaniola where are the richest Mines they made signs to them that they were in Haiti which name they gave to Hispaniola and some of them went with him thither but no earthly joy is without some disaster for here their Admiral split upon a Rock but the men were saved by the help of other Ships This happened on the North part of Hispaniola where they saw some Inhabitants who for fear of strangers instantly fled into the Mountains One woman they got whom they used kindly giving her meat drink and clothes and so dismissing her who declaring their civility to the rest they soon came in Troops to the Ships judging the Spaniards to be some Divine Nation sent from Heaven Though before they thought them Canibals or Man-eaters and such indeed they afterward proved in some sense not leaving in some few years after their arrival above two hundred Indians alive of four Millions that before inhabited these Countries Before the discovery of this Island by Columbus the People were informed thereof by an Oracle for one of their Kings being very importunate with their Zemes or Gods to know future events fasted five days together spending his time in continual mourning After which the Zemes declared That some years after there would arrive a strange Nation clothed bearded and armed with shining Swords which would out a man asunder in the middle who should destroy the ancient Images of their Gods abolish their Ceremonies and slay their Children In remembrance of which Oracle they composed a solemn Elegy which upon Holy days they used mournfully to sing Nothing more pleased the Spaniards than the Gold which the Innocent Inhabitants exchanged with them for Bells Glasses Points and other Trifles Columbus got leave of the King of Hispaniola to build a Fort and leaving 38 Spaniards therein taking with him six

he would restore him to his Liberty and Kingdom he would fill up a large Room at Guatimala with Gold and Silver which was thrice as much as Atabaliba had promised adding that his Father Guayna who was a great Sorcerer had commanded him on his Death-bed to be kind to the white and Bearded Men who should come and rule in those parts Atabaliba hearing of these offers sent to have his Brother put to death which the Spaniards took no notice of and which seemed justly to befall him since he had before Murthered another of his Brethren and drunk in his Skull as he had sworn to deal with Atabaliba The Caribee Islands In this Kingdom of Peru is an High Mountain called Periacaca upon which Joseph Acosta ascended as well provided as possible being sensible of the Danger but in the ascent he and his Companions were suddenly surprized with looseness and Vomiting casting up Flegm Choler and Bloud so that they expected present death There are other Desarts in Peru called Punas where the Air cuts off men without feeling a small breath depriving them sometimes of their feet and hands which fall off like leaves in Autumn without pain and other times of their Lives and yet after death the same piercing cold Air preserves the body from Putrefaction Cuba an Island of 230 Leagues in length was about this time possessed by the Spaniards where they executed great severity as well as in other places A certain Lord of great power who had fled over the Continent to this Isle to avoid either death or perpetual Captivity hearing that the Spaniards were come hither having assembled the Principal Indians spake to them to this effect Countrymen and Friends you are not ignorant of the rumour that the Spaniards are arrived amongst us neither need I tell you how barbarously they have used the Inhabitants of Hispaniola you know it by too certain Intelligence nor can we hope to find them more merciful than they did But my dear Countrymen do you know their Errand if not I will tell you the cause of their coming they worship some covetous and insatiate God and to content their greedy Deity they require all our Gold and Silver from us for this they endeavour continually to murther and enslave us See here this little Chest of Gold and therein behold the God of the Spaniards therefore if you think fit let us dance and sing before this their God perhaps we may hereby appease his rage and he will then command his worshippers to let us alone To this motion they all assented and danced round about the Box till they were throughly wearied when the Lord thus proceeded If we should keep this God till he be taken from us we shall be certainly slain I therefore think it expedient for us to cast him into the River whose Counsel being followed the Chest was thrown into the River When the Spaniards first landed in this Island this Nobleman having sufficient experience of their cruelty avoided them as much as possible still flying and defending himself by force of Arms upon all occasions at length being taken for no other reason but endeavouring to preserve his Life from his Enemies he was by the Spaniards burnt alive being tied to a Stake a Franciscan Monk began to discourse him of God and the Articles of his Religion telling him that the small time allowed him by the Executioner was sufficient to make his Salvation sure if he did heartily believe in the true Faith having a while considered his words he asked the Monk whether the Door of Heaven was open to the Spaniards who answering yea then said he Let me go to Hell that I may not come where they are In this Island the Spaniards got above a Million of Gold and vast sums more in the other spacious Provinces of this New World the greatest part whereof came into their Possession in a few years and which they enjoy to this very day CHAP. II. The Voyages and Discoveries of several Englishmen into America IN the former Chapter I have according to my usual scantling given a sufficient account of the Fortunate Acquisitions of the Spaniards and now think my self in justice obliged to let my Countrymen know what Adventurous Voyages and extream dangers some of our brave English Spirits have surmounted in their Discoveries of this New World wherein I shall follow the Sun beginning first Northward and so proceed toward and beyond the Equinoctial I. In which number Sir Sebastian Cabot ought to be first mentioned born and living in England though a Venetian Gentleman by Extraction who in 1496 at the charge of Henry the 7th King of England set out with two Carravels for discovering a Northwest ●assage to Cathay and the East-Indies according to the design which Columbus had first suggested to him in pursuit whereof he is reported to have sailed to 67 Degrees of Northern Latitude upon the Coast of America and finding Land called it Prima Vista the Inhabitants wore the Skins of Beasts there were white Bears and Stags far greater than ours with great pi●●ty of Seal and Sole fish above a yard long and such vast quantities of other Fish that they sometimes staid the course of the Ship the Bears caught these Fish with their Claws and drawing them to Land eat them he then discovered all along the Coast to Florida and afterward returned at which time strong preparations being making for Wars with Scotland this design was wholly laid aside to the great prejudice of the English Nation who in all probability might have made themselves Quarter-masters at least with the Spaniards in the wealthiest Parts and Provinces of America if the business had been well followed Sir Sebastian himself went immediately to Spain and was imployed by that King in discovering the Coasts of Brasil and though he afterward returned again to England in 1549. and was honoured by King Edward the Sixth with the Title of Grand Pilot of England and the yearly Pension of an hundred and sixty Pound yet his design was never effectually revived II. Sir Martin Frobisher justly deserves the second place who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth made three several voyages to discover the North-west Passage June 15. 1576 he sailed from Blackwall and July 7 had sight of Frizeland but could not get ashoar because of the abundance of Ice and an extream Fog July 20. he had sight of an High Land which he named Queen Elizabeths Foreland very full of Ice but sailing further Northward he descried another Foreland with a Great Bay whereinto he entred calling it Frobishers Streights supposing it to divide Asia from America Having sailed sixty Leagues he went ashore and was encountred with mighty Deer who ran at him indangered his Life He had there a sight of the Savage Inhabitants who rowed to his Ship in Boats of Seals Skins they eat or rather devour raw Flesh and Fish their hair was long and black broad faces flat noses colour tawny

which they hide a Mile asunder when the Indians hunt him which is commonly in Winter they run him down sometimes in half a day otherwhile a whole day but never give over till he is tired the Snow being usually four Foot deep and the Beast very heavy he sinks every st●p and as he runs breaks down the Trees in his way with his Horns as big as a Mans Thigh at last they get up and pierce him with their Lances upon which the poor Creature groans and walks on heavily till at length he sinks and falls like a ruined Building making the Earth shake becoming a Sacrifice to the Victors who cut him up and making a Fire near the place they there Boil and eat their Venison fetching their drink from the next Spring being unacquainted with any other till the French and English taught them the use of that cursed Liquor called Rum Rumbullion or Kill-devil stronger than Spirit of Wine drawn from the dross of Sugar and Sugar Canes which they love dearer than their lives wherewith if they had it they would be perpetually drunk though it hath killed many of them especially old Women Their Wars are with their Neighbouring Tribes but the Mowhawks especially who are Enemies to all other Indians their Weapons were Bows and Arrows but of late he is a poor Indian that is not Master of two Guns which they purchase of the French with Powder and Shot the Victors Flea the Skin off the Skull of the Principal slain Enemies which they carry away in Triumph their Prisoners they bring home the old Men and Women they knock on the Head the young Women they keep and the Men of War they Torture to death as the Eastern Indians did two Mowhawks whilst I was there they bind him to a Tree and make a great Fire before him then with sharp Knives they cut off his Fingers and Toes then clap upon them hot Embers to sear the Veins thus they cut him to pieces joint after joint still applying Fire for stanching the Blood making the poor Wretch Sing all the while when Armes and Legs are gone they Flea the Skin off their Heads and presently apply thereto a Cap of burning Coals then they open his Breast and take out his Heart which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their old Squa's or Women who are every one to have a bit of it These Barbarous Customs they used more frequently before the English came but since there are endeavours to Convert them to Christianity by Mr. Eliot and his Son who Preach to them in their own Language into which they have likewise Translated the Bible these go Clothed like the English live in framed Houses have Stocks of Corn and Cattel about them which when Fat they bring to Market some of their Sons have been brought up Schollers in Harward Colledge New-England is seated in the midst of the Temperate Zone yet is the Clime more uncertain as to heat and cold than those European Kingdoms which are in the same Latitude The Air is cleer healthful and Agreeable to the English well watered with Rivers having variety of Beasts both tame and wild with several sorts of Trees and excellent Fruits the Commodities it yeildeth are rich Furs Flax Linnen Amber Iron Pitch Tarr Cables Masts and Timber to build Ships with several sorts of Grain wherewith they drive a considerable Trade to Barbado's and other English Plantations in America supplying them with Flower Bisket Salt Flesh and Fish and in return bring Sugars and other Goods To England they trade for Stuffs Silks Cloath Iron Brass and other Utensils for their Houses The weights and measures are the same with England The English posesss many potent Colonies being very numerous and powerful and are governed by Laws of their own making having several Courts of Judicature where they meet once a mouth so they be not repugnant to the Laws of England every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn General Court The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the Independents or Presbyterians The Military part of their Government is by one Major General and three Serjeant Majors to whom belong the four Countys of Suffolk Middlesex Essex and Norfolk They have several fine Towns whereof Boston is the Metropolis likewise Dorchester Cambridg beautified with two Colledges and many well built Houses Reading Salem Berwick Braintree Bristoll Concorde Dartmouth Dedham Dover Exeter Falmouth Glocester Greensharbour Hampton Harford Haverhill Weymouth Yarmouth New Haven Oxford Salisbury Taunton Southampton Newbury Springfield Sudbury Ipswich Li● Hull Sandwich Malden Norwich Roxbury Sandwich Wenham Rowley Hingham and others most of them having the names of some Towns in England The present Governor for his Majesty of England is Henry Cranfield Esquire CHAP. V. A prospect of New York with the Scituation Plantation and Product thereof New York so called from our present gracious Sovereign when Duke of York formerly namel● New-Netherlands being part of that new-New-England which the Dutch one possessed it was first discovered by Mr Hudson and sold presently by him to the Dutch withou● Authority from his Sovereign the King of England in 1608. The Hollanders in 1614. began to plant there and called it New-Netherlands but Sir Samuel Argall Governor of Virginia routed them after which they go● leave of King James to put in there for fresh water in their passage to Brasile and did not offer to plant till a good while after the English were setled in the Country In 1664. his late Majesty King Charles the Second sent over four Commissioners to reduce the Colonies into bounds that had before incroached upon each other who marching with 300 Redcoats to Manhadees or Manhataes took from the Dutch their cheif Town then called New-Amsterdam now New-York and Aug. 29. turned out their Governor with a Silver Leg and all the rest but those who acknowledged subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their Houses and Estates as before thirteen daies after Sir Robert Car took the Fort and Town of Aurania now called Albany and twelve daies after that the Fort and Town of Arosapha then Dela-ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds So that now the English are Masters of three handsome Towns three strong Forts and a Castle without the loss of one man the first Governor of these parts for the King of England was Colonel Nichols one of the Commissioners This Country is blessed with the richest soyl in all New-England I have heard it reported from men of Judgment saies my Author that one Bushel of European wheat hath yeilded an hundred in one year The Town of New-York is well seated both for Trade security and pleasure in a small Isle called Manahatan at the mouth of the great River Mohegan which is very commodious for Shipping and about two Leagues broad the Town is large built with Dutch Brick alla Moderna consisting of above 500 fair Houses the meanest not

her dark bowels could not keep From greedy hands lies safer in the deep Where th' Ocean kindly does from Mortals hide Those seeds of Luxury Debate and Pride And thus into our hands the richest Prize Falls with the noblest of our Enemies c. The Soyl of Jamaica is very fruitful the Trees and Plants being always springing and never disrobed of their Summer Livery every month being like our April or May there are many Plains which they call Savana's intermixt with Hills and Woods which they say were formerly Fields of Indian Maiz or Wheat but converted by the Spaniards to pasture for feeding their Horses Cows Hoggs and Asinego 's that they brought from Spain for breed afrer they had destroyed all the Indians which were reckoned above six hundred Thousand which Cattle increased exceedingly great herds of Horses Hogs and other kinds still running Wild in the Woods The Air is more temperate than any of the Caribees being constantly cooled with Eastern breezes and frequent rains and never troubled with these storms of wind called Hurricanes wherewith the adjacent Islands are disturbed sometimes so violent that Ships are forced out of the Roads and on Shoar their Houses blown down and provisions rooted out of the Earth The days and nights are almost equall all the year It produceth many excellent Commodities as Sugar very good Cocao Indico Cotton Tobacco Hydes Tortoise Shells curious Wood Salt Saltpeter Ginger Pepper Drugs of several sorts and Cocheneel with many others which if well improved this Isle will be the best and richest Plantation that ever the English were Masters of They have Horses so plentifull that a special one may be bought for six or seven pound Likewise Cows Asinego 's Mules Sheep Goats and Hog● in abundance With very rare Fish of several sorts and plenty of tame Fowl as Hens Turkies and some Ducks but almost infinite store of Wild-Fowl as Geese Turkies Pigeons Ducks Teal W●gens Ginny Hens Plovers Flem ngo's Snipes Parr●ts and Parac●etto's and many others whose names are not known With choice Fruits as Oranges Limes Pomegranats Coco-nuts Guavers Prickle-Apples Prickle-Pears Grapes Plantains Pines and s●veral more All manner of Garden Herbs and Roots as Beans Pease Cabbages Colliflowers Radish Lettice Pursly Melons and divers more They are sometimes troubled with Calentures which is generally occasioned by drunkenness ill Diet or Sloth also with Feavers and Agues but they seldom prove mortal This Isle abounds with good Roads Bays and Harbours the chief whereof is Port Royal formerly called Cageway very commodious for Shipping and secured by a strong Castle it is about twelve Miles from the chief Town of the Island called St. Jago Next is Port-Morant O●d Harbour Port-Negril and Port-Antonio with divers others The Town of St. Jago de la vega is s●ated six miles within the Land North-west When the Spaniards possest the Isle it was a large famous City of about two Thousand Houses with two Churches two Chappels and an Abbey which when the English took under Venables were destroyed all but five hundred its Churches and Chappels made fewer and the remainder spoiled and defaced But since the settlement of the English they begin to repair the ruinous Houses and it is like to be gr●ater than formerly Passage is another Town six mile from St. Jago and as many from Portugal where are about twenty Houses and a Fort to secure the English going thither In the Spaniards time here were several other Towns which are now disregarded as Sevilla on the North of the Isle once beautified with a Collegiat Church which had an Abbot Melilla in the Northeast where Columbus repaired his Ships at his return from Veragua when he was almost Shipwrackt Oristan toward the South Sea where Peter Seranna lost his Ship upon the adjacent Rocks and Sands and continued here in a Solitary Condition for three years and then had the company of a Mariner for four years more who was likewise Shipwrackt and only saved himself Though there are at present no more Towns yet the Island is divided into fourteen Precincts or Parishes namely Port Royal St. Catherine St. Johns St. Andrews St. Davids St. Thomas and Clarendon many whereof are well inhabited by the English that have there very good Plantations whose number is not certainly known but according to a survey taken and returned into England some years since there were above seventeen hundred Families and more than Fifteen Thousand Inhabitants in the forenamed fourteen Precincts And in the four Parishes on the North side of the Isle that is St. Georges St. Maries St. Anus and St. James above Two Thousand more all which are now extreamly increased even to double if not treble that number the Great Incouragement of gaining wealth and a pleasant life inviting abundance of People to transplant themselves from Barbadoes and other English Plantations every year so that in a small time it is like to be the most potent and rich Plantation in all America And besides the aforementioned number of Inhabitants there are reckoned to belong to Jamaica of Privatiers or Bucaniers Sloop and Boat-men which ply about the Isle at least Thirty Thousand stout fighting men whose Courage is sufficiently discovered in their dayly attempts upon the Spaniards in Panama and other places which for the hazard conduct and daringness of their exploits have by some been compared to the Actions of Caesar and Alexander the Great The Laws of this Island are as like those of England as the d●fference of Countreys will admit they having their several Courts Magistrates and Officers for executing Justice on Offenders and hearing and determining all Civil Causes between man and man The present Governor under his Majesty of Great Britain is Sir Thomas Linch FINIS There are lately published the four following Books all which together may be reckoned a very satisfactory History of England and the affairs thereof for above a thousand years past they are to be had single or all bound together of Nath. Crouch at the Bell in the Poultrey near Cheapside 1. THE Second Edition of Englands Monarchs very much enlarged Or A Compendious Relation of the most Remarkable Transactions and Observable Passages Ecclesiastical Civil and Military which have happened during the Reigns of the Kings and Queens of England from the Invasion of the Romans under Julius Caesar to this present Adorned with Poems and the Pictures of every Monarch from King William the Conqueror to our most gracious Soveraign King James the Second with his present Majesties Life Heroick Actions late gracious Declaration and other Occurrences to this time The Names of his now Majesties most Honourable Privy Council The Great Officers of the Crown A List of the Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscount Bishops Barons and Deans The Knights of the most Noble Order of the Garter at Windsor and the Principal Officers Civil and Military in England The number of the Lord and Commons who have Votes in both Houses of Parliament and many other very

or Olive which neither Sun nor Wind but nature it self imprinted on them as appeared by their Infants and seems to be the complexion of all the Americans their clothing was Seals Skins the women were painted on the Cheeks and about the Eyes with blew streaks These Savages intercepted 5 Englishmen and their Boat they took also one of them whom they brought into England where they arrived Oct. 2. 1576. having taken possession of the Country in right of the Queen of England every man of the company being commanded to bring home somewhat in witness thereof one brought a piece of black stone like Sea-coal which was found to hold Gold in a good quantity Whereupon the next year a second voyage was made to bring home more of this Ore and coming into these Streights in July 1577. they found them in a manner shut up with a long wall of Ice which very much indangered their Ships They found a Fish as big as a Porpice dead upon the Shoar twelve foot long having a Horn of two yards growing out of the Snout wreathed and streight like a wax tapor was thought to be a Sea Unicorn It was broken on the top wherein the Sailers affirmed they put Spiders which presently died It was presented to the Queen at their return and sent to Winsor to be reserved in the Wardrope for a curiosity They went on Shoar and had some skirmishes with the Inhabitants who were so fierce and resolute that finding themselves wounded they leapt off the Rocks into the Sea rather than fall into the hands of the English the rest fled only one Woman and her Child they brought away and another man who seeing the Picture of his Countrey-man in the Ship that was taken the year before thought him to be alive and was very angry that he would not speak to him wondring how our People could make men live or die at their pleasure It was very pleasant to observe the behaviour of the man and woman when they were brought together who though put into the same Cabbin shewed such signs of Chastity and Modesty as might justly shame Christians who come so far short of them when these Savages would trade their manner was to lay down somewhat of theirs and go their ways expecting the English should lay down something in exchange if they like the value when they come again they take it otherwise they take away only their own they made signs that their Catchoe or King was higher of stature than any of ours and carried upon mens Shoulders They could not hear what became of their five men taken the year before only they found some of their Apparel which made them judge the Savages had eaten them Having laden their Ship with Oar they returned The next year 1578. with fifteen sail another Voyage was made by Captain Frobisher for further discovery He went on shoar June 20 on Frizeland which is in length about 25 Leagues in 57 degrees of Latitude which he named West England where they espied certain Tents and People like the former who upon their approach fled in the Tents they found a Box of small Nails red Herrings and boards of Fir-tree with other things wrought very Artificially so that they were either ingenious workmen themselves or traded with others some think this to be Friesland and joined to Greenland In going from hence one Ship called the Salamander sailing with a strong gale struck with such violence upon the back of a Whale with her full stem that she stood still without motion whereat the Whale made a hideous roaring and lifting up his body and tail above water sunk instantly to the bottom Two days after they found a dead Whale which was supposed the same July 2. they entred the Strieghts the mouth whereof was barr'd with Mountains of Ice wherewith a Bark was sunk with part of a house they designed to erect there the men were all saved and the other Ships in much danger by the severity of the Ice Fogs and Snow These Islands of Ice seem to be congealed in the winter further North in some Bays or Rivers the waters thereof being fresh and the Sun melting the tops of the Ice rills of fresh water run down which meeting together make an indifferent Stream these Rocks being by the summers Sun loosed and broken from their natural Scituation are carried whither the swift Current and the outragions Winds drive them Some of these Icy Rocks or Islands are half a mile about and fourscore fathoms above water besides the unknown depth beneath the usual rule being that only one part of seven is seen above water strange is their multitude more strange their deformed Shapes but most strange that instead of destroying they sometimes save both men and Ships suffering the mooring of Anchors entertaining them with sports as walking leaping shooting forty miles from Land without any Vessel or Ship under them presenting them with running Streams of fresh water sufficient to drive a Mill. The People represent the Tartars in apparel and living It is colder here in 62 than in ten degrees farther North which happens from the cold North East Winds which brings this sharp Air off the Ice The Natives are excellent Archers they wear the Skins of Deer Bears Foxes Hares and of Fowls sowed together in the Summer the hary side outward in the Winter inward yet many go naked they shoot Fish with their Darts and kindle Fire by rubbing two sticks together The Beasts Fowls and Fishes they kill are their Houses Bedding Meat Drink Hose Shoes Apparel Sails Boats and indeed all their riches they eat all things raw yea Grass and Shrubs and suck Ice to satisfy their thirst there is no flesh or fish which they find dead though never so filthy but they will take it up and eat it yet somtimes they parboil their meats in little kettles made of Beasts Skins the bloud and water they drink and lick the bloody Knife with their Tongues and use the same remedy for curing their wounds that is licking them only with their Tongues They have great plenty of Fowl our men killing 15 hundred in one day they have thicker Skins and more Feathers than ours which requires them to be flea'd before eaten They have no hurtful creeping things but Spiders and a Gnat which is very troublesom nor any Timber but what the undermining water brings from other places They are great Magicians and when their heads ake they tie a great Stone with a string into a stick and using certain Charms the Stone cannot be moved with all the force of a man yet at other times seems as light as a Feather they lie grovelling with their Faces on the Ground making a noise as if they Worshiped the Devil under the Earth they use great black Dogs like Wolves to draw their Sleds and some of a lesser kind they feed upon In the midst of Summer they have Hail and Snow sometimes a Foot thick which Freezeth as it

his Neck This Idol is the keeper of the dead bodies of their Kings which are advanced on Scaffolds nine or ten foot high this Kiwasa or Guardian being placed neer them and underneath lives a Priest who there mumbleth his Devotions Night and Day The Countrey is generally plain and even the soyl rich and Fertile naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New-England as to Fish Fruits Plants Roots c. The chief Trade of the English there is Tobacco which is not inconsiderable since an hundred sail of Ships have in one year traded thither from England and the neighbouring English Plantations It is divided into ten Counties in each of which a Court is held every two months for little Matters with Appeal to the Provincial Court at St. Maries which is the principal Town seated on St. Georges River and beautified with several well built Houses This Province is granted by Parent to the Right Honourable the Lord Baltimore and to his Heirs and Assigns with many Civil and Military-Prerogatives and Jurisdictions as conferring Honours Coyning money c. paying yearly as an acknowledgment to his Majesty and his Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle upon ●aster Tuesday The Lord Baltimore hath his residence at Mattapany about eight miles distant from St. Maries where he hath a pleasant seat though the General Assemblies and provincial Courts are kept at St. Maries And for incouraging People to settle here his Lordship by advice of the General Assembly hath long since established a Model of excellent Laws for the ease and security of the Inhabitants with Toleration of Religion to all that profess Faith in Christ which hath been a principal Motive to many to settle there CHAP. IX A Prospect of Virginia with the Discovery Plantation and Product thereof THis Countrey with the other adjoining Coasts was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot with his English Mariners in 1497. And may therefore be justly claimed by England it was afterward visited by Sir Francis Drake and called Virginia by Sir Walter Rawleigh in honour of his Virgin Mistress Queen Elizabeth In 1603. some Persons at Bristow by leave from Sir Walter Rawleigh who had the Propriety thereof made a Voyage thither who discovered Whitson-Bay in forty one Degrees the People used Snakeskins of six Foot long for Girdles and were exceedingly ravished with the Musick of a Gittern Boy dancing in a ring about him they were more afraid of two English Mastives than of twenty Men In 1607. Sir John Popham and others setled a Plantation at the mouth of the River Sagahadoc the Captain James Davis chose a small place almost an Island to set down in where having heard a Sermon read their Patent and Laws and Built a Fort they Sailed to discover further up the River and Countrey and encountred with an Island where was a great Fall of Water over which they haled their Boat with a Rope and came to another Fall shallow swift and unpassable they found the Countrey stored with white and red Grapes good Hops Onions Garlick Oaks Walnuts and the Soil good the Head of the River being in about forty five Degrees they called their Fort St. George Captain George Popham being President the People seemed much affected with our Mens Devotions and would say King James is a good King and his God a good God but our God Tanto a naughty God which is the name of the evil Spirit that haunts them every new Moon and makes them Worship him for fear he commanded the Indians not to converse nor come near the English threatning some to kill them and to inflict Sickness upon others if they disobeyed him beginning with two of their Saga●nors or Kings Children affirming he had power to do the like against the English and would execute it on them the next new Moon The Natives told our Men of Cannibals near Sagadohoc with Teeth three Inches long but they saw them not In January they had in the space of seven hours Thunder Lightning Rain Frost and Snow all in abundance they found a Bath two Miles about so hot they could not drink of it One of the Savages for a Straw-hat and Knife stript himself of his Clothing of Bevers Skins worth in England 50 s or 3 l. to Present them to the President leaving only a Flap to cover his Nudities About this time Captain Gosnold set Sail for Virginia and arrived there after long contending with furious Storms and Tempests and soon after by the Industry of Captain Smith James-Town was Built the Savages supplying their necessities which were sometimes very extream the Winter approaching the Rivers afforded them plenty of Cranes Swans Geese Ducks wherewith they had Pease and Wild Beasts as Bevers Otters Martins and black Foxes upon which they daily Feasted but in the discovery of Chickahamine River George Casson was surprized and Smith with two others beset with two hundred Savages his Men Slain and himself in a Quagmire taken Prisoner but after a Month he procured not only his Liberty but was in great esteem among them being extreamly pleased with his Discourses of God Nature and Art and had Royal Entertainment from Powhatan one of their Emperours who sat in State upon his Bed of Matts his Pillow of Leather imbroidered with Pearl and white Beads attired with a Robe of Skins as large as an Irish Mantle at his Head sat a handsom young Woman and another at his Feet and on each side the Room twenty others their Heads and Shoulders painted red with a great Chain of white Beads about their Necks and a Robe of Skins large like an Irish Mantle before these sat his chiefest Men in their Orders in this Palace or Arbour one Newport who accompanied Captain Smith gave the Emperour a Boy in requital whereof Powhatan bestowed upon him Namontack his Servant who was after brought into England yet after this Powhatan treacherously contrived the Murther of sixteen of our Men which was happily prevented by Captain Smith who seized another of their Kings and thereby procured Peace from them on his own Terms This Powhatan had about thirty Kings under him his Treasure consisted of Skins Copper Pearls Beads and the like kept in a house on purpose against the time of his Burial this House was fifty or sixty Yards long frequented only by Priests at the four Corners stood four Images as Centinels one of a Bear another a Dragon a third a Leopard and the fourth a Giant he hath as many Women as he please whom when he is weary of he bestows upon his Favourites his Will and the Customs of the Countrey are his Laws Malefactors are punished by broiling to death incompassed with Fire and divers other Tortures Mr. White relates that about ten Mile from James-Town one of their Kings made a Feast in the Woods the People were monstrously painted some like black Devils with Horns and their Hair loose of divers Colours they continued two days dancing in a circle of a Quarter