THE PAPACY OF Paul the Fourth OR THE RESTITUTION OF ABBY LANDS AND IMPROPRIATIONS An indispensable condition of Reconciliation to the Infallible SEE c. LONDON Printed for Richard Royston Bookseller to His most Sacred Majesty 1673. THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY The Publisher to my Lord Viscount Mountague MY LORD I Once thought to have dedicated these papers sent me by a friend to some of the most eminent of our Protestant Clergy but I considered the Romane Church had carried their interest higher by much than any other and therefore it must be singular Piety an high Self-denial and a sincere love of God that must secure their opposition to the growing greatness of Rome amongst us I therefore quitted that thought and in the next place designed to address my self to some person of great Quality of the Protestant Religion but then I considered that great â—ffices Favour and Interest with some great Men might be preferred to their concerâ—s in Abby-lands and render them cooler than cur cause requires My last refuge then was to cast this small thing into your Lordships Arms and Protection a Noble man of a great and ancient Extraction and therefore I hope not willing to exalt more than needs the dominion of the Priests Besides though your Religion be of the Romish Faith yet your dependence is not on Offices and Preferments nor can they countervail so great an Estate in Land and you may be content to be saved in the private exercise of your own Religion though the Protestant be uppermost nay much better saved than if the Church of Rome returning triumphant reduce you from an Estate in Land of ten thousand pound per annum to a Lease from an Abby of two or three hundred pounds a year which however it may exalt your Faith must undoubtedly destroy your Charity What terms you are certainly to expect if England ever submit its self to the See of Rome the Author out of whom these papers are extracted a man of unquestioned Credit and of your own Religion will inform you which your Lordship of all other persons hath reason to believe because one of your Ancestors was employed to Rome in the very Ambassy here mentioned and you must needs have amongst the papers of your Family if they are extant authentick proofs to confirm it Your LORDSHIPS most Humble Servant I. S. THE EPISLE to the READER Reader I Am abundantly satisfied that the strenuous attempts a-against the Religion of Romane Catholicks made by the zealous Assertors of the Protestant Cause do amount to but little more than an Endeavour to fortify these two Objections First that it is in not a few instances manifestly different from and repugnant to the Doctrine of our Saviour and his Apostles delivered in the New Testament Secondly that it is highly prejudicial to the Secular interest violates the due Liberty and infringes the rights of Princes and their Subjects Now how well they have quitted themselves as to the former of these Charges I leave those to determine who with an unbiassed and impartial mind have oonverst with their Writings but as to the latter thou wilt be sufficiently enabled to pass a true judgment concerning it by putting thy self to the small pains of perusing this short Narrative From hence thou wilt as throughly understand what obligation lieth upon this Kingdom especially from the consideration of its Civil interest to return into the bosome of our Holy Mother as thou wilt from the Doughty defences of of her Sons against the Assaults of her troublesome Adversaries what necessity our Consciences and the concerns of our Souls do impose upon us to persevere in our Separation Thou wilt clearly perceive by these few leaves how much Princes consult the security of their Government and advancement of their Soveraignty and Subjects the preservation of their Estates and Fortunes by their filial obedience and entire subjection to the Apostolick See And that thou mayst not have the least suspition concerning the truth of the following Narrative I assure thee I have most faithfully taken it from Father Paul a person of unquestion'd integrity and that lived and died in the Communion of the Romane Church As thou mayst be satisfied by comparing it with his relation of the Government of Pope Paul the Fourth in his exact History of the Council of Trent For which as the Christian Church is highly obliged to him upon many other accounts so particularly for the Life of this Zealous Pope in which his extraordinary kindness for two things is more especially remarkable because they seem to stand in no small need of so Great an Authority to recommend them viz. Perjury and an Inquisition Besides that we may learn from this Pope how exceedingly convenient Infallibility is for the Catholick Church when we see that it may sometimes fall out that a Pope may be but little better than a mad-man In which case Infallibility must needs be a very great Security to the Catholick Faith E. A. THE PAPACY OF PAUL The FOURTH IN the Year of our Lord One thousand five hundred fifty and five Marcellus Cervinus was Created Pope and retained his Name but having sate no more than twenty two daies died The Cardinals being assembled again in the Conclave he of Ausburg assisted by Morone made great instance that among the Capitulations which the Cardinals were to swear to one should be that the future Pope should by Counsel of the Colledg call another Synod within two years to finish the Reformation begun to determine the Controversies of Religion that remained and to find a means to cause the Councel of Trent to be received in Germany And the Colledg of the Cardinals being full it was capitulated that the Pope should not Create more than four within two years The three and twentieth day of the next moneth John Peter Caraffa who called himself Paulus Quartus was Created He took it for a great glory that the three English Ambassadors dispatched in the time of Julius entred Rome the first day of his Papacy and the first Consistory after the Coronation was publick The Ambassadors were brought into it who prostrating themselves at the Popes feet did in the name of the Kingdom acknowledg the faults committed relating them all in particular for so the Pope would have it confessing they had been ungrateful for so many benefits received from the Church and humbly craving pardon for it The Pope did pardon them took them up from the ground and embraced them and to honour their Majesties who sent them gave the title of a Kingdom to Ireland granting them this Dignity by the Authority which the Pope hath from God being placed over ☜ all Kingdoms to supplant those that are Contumacious and to build new But it did not then seem a fit time to say he had power from God to build up and overthrow Kingdoms Henry the Eighth after his separation from the Pope made Ireland a Kingdom and called himself King of England France
great importance But the Consistory being dismissed without a resolution the Pope knew that either he must yield or come to a War from which being not averse advice came fitly to him from his Nephew of what was concluded in France So that the discourses of Reformation and Councils were turned into parlies of Money Souldiers and Intelligences The Pope armed the Citizens and Inhabitants of Rome to the number of 5000. caused many of his Cities to be fortified and put garrisons into them and the French King sent him at his instance 3000 Gascons by Sea that he might subsist while the Royal Army was prepared In these negotiations the Pope imprisoned many Cardinals Barons and others upon suspition as also the Ambassadors of Philip King of England and the Emperors Post-master And to the Duke of Alva who sent to protest against him for maintaining in Rome the fugitives of the Kingdom of Naples for laying hands on and keeping in Prison publick persons without reason and for having opened the Kings Letters he sent back this answer That he was a free Prince and Superior to all others not bound to give any account but to demand it of any whaâ—soever that he might entertain any persons and open any letters which he thought to be written against the Church that if Carallasso Philip's Ambassador had done the office of an Ambassador nothing should have been done against him but having made Treaties moved Seditions plotted against the Prince to whom he was sent he had offended as a private man and as such he should be punished that no danger should make him be wanting to the Dignity of the Church and defence of that See referring all to God by whom he was made Shepherd of the Flock of Christ And the Pope still continuing to make provision the Duke of Alva sent another protestation against him that the King having endured so many injuries knowing that the intention of his Holiness was to dispossess him of the Kingdom of Naples and being assured that to this end he had made a League with his enemies therefore in regard his Holiness did desire War he did denounce it against him protesting that the Calamities thereof could not be imputed to him and laying the blame upon the Pope The Pope makâ—ng shew to desire Peace but answering only in general terms to gain time the Duke began to make War the fourth of September and in the year 1556 possessed himself of all Campania holding it in the name of the next Pope and came so near to Rome that he put City in fear and made them strengthen and fortifie it But the greatness of the City and other respects and dangers counselled him not assailing Rome to undertake smaller enterprises It gave much matter of discourse that this year Charles the Emperor parted from Flanders and passed into Spain to betake himself to a private life in a solitary place so that they made a comparison between a Prince trained up from his infancy in the negotiations and affairs of the World who at the age of little more than fifty years resolved to quit the World and only to serve God changed from a mighty Prince to a mean religious person and one who had formerly abandoned the Episcopal Charge to retire into a Monastery and now being at the age of eighty years and made Pope did wholly addict himself to Pomp and Pride and endeavoured to set all Europe on fire with War In the beginning of the year 1557. the Duke of Guise passed into Iâ—aly with his Army in favour of the Pope who to observe the promise of his Nephew made to the French King made a promotion of ten Cardinals which not being according to the meaning and the end agreed on neither for the number nor quality of the persons his excuse was that he was so nearly conjoyned with his Majesty that his dependents would be as serviceable to the King as the French-men themselves and that he could not then make a greater promotion seeing the number already arrived to 70. which would quickly be diminished by removing some Rebels which he meant of those that were already in the Castle and others against whom he had a design as well for matter of State as of Religion for he was not so intent on the War as to abandon the business of the Inquisition which he said was the principal Secret and Mystery of the Papacy He had information against Cardinal Morone that he held intelligence in Germany and imprisoned him in the Castle and the Bishop of Modena as confederate with him He deprived also Cardinal Pool of his Legation of England and cited him to appear in the Inquisition at Rome and created Cardinal William Peto Bishop of Salisbury and made him Legate in Pool's place And although the King and Queen testifying what service he had done to the Catholick Faith made earnest intercession for him yet the Pope would never remit one jot of his â—igour Cardinal Pool obeâ—ed laying aside the administration and ornaments of a Legate but parted not out of England alledging the Queens commandment that he should not go In England many were scandalized at it and allienated from the Pope and many in Rome thought it a calumny invented to revenge himself for the Truce between the two Kings treated by him without imparting it to him The Duke of Guise being come into Italy made VVar in Pâ—â—mont with purpose to continue it in Lombardy and so to divert the Arms taken up against the Pope but the Pope's ardent desire to assail the Kingdom of Naples did not permit him The French-men knew the difficulties and the Duke of Guise with four principal Commanders went to Rome by Post to make the Pope understand what the reasons of War did perswade In whose presence all being consulted on and the Pope's resolution not giving place to any other deliberation it was necessary to yield unto him Yet they did nothing but assault Civitella a place situated at the entry into the Provinces of Abruzzo where the Army had a repulse In summ the Pope's Arms as well his own as Auxiliary were not much favoured by God But in the midst of August the Army of the Duke of Alva approaching Rome and the Pope understanding the surprize and sack of Signea the slaughter of many and the danger in which Pagliano was he related all in Consistory with many tears adding that he did undauntedly expect Martyrdom the Cardinals marvelling that he should paint out the Cause to them who understood the truth as if it had been of Christ whereas it was profane and proceeded from ambition and that he should say it was the principal Sinew and mystery of the Papacy VVhen the Pope's affairs were in greatest straits the French King's Army had such a great overthrow near S. Quintin that he was forced to recall the Duke of Guise and his Forces letting the Pope know his inevitable necessity the Pope refused to let Guise return whereupon
dissolved without fruit that there was no hope to do any good by that means Ferdinand told them he would procure the General Council to be restored exhorting all to submit themselves to the Decrees thereof as being the way to remove differences The Protestants answered that they would consent to a Council called not by the Pope but by the Emperor to be held in Germany in which the Pope should not preside but should submit himself to the judgment thereof and release the Bishops and Divines of their Oath in which also the Protestants should have a deciding voice and all should be determined according to the holy Scriptures and whatsoever was concluded in Trent should be re-examined which if it cannot be obtained of the Pope yet the Peace of Religion should be confirmed according to the agreement of Passau having known by too manifest experience that no good can be drawn from any Popish Council The Emperor knowing the difficulty to obtain of the Pope a grant of the things proposed and that now he had no means to negotiate with him in regard of the Controversy about the Resignation of Charles and his Succession he confirmed the accord of Passau and the Recesses of the Diets following The Pope having cut off all means to treat with the Emperor and Germany knew not what to say to this Yet he was more displeased with their discourse concerning the Council than with the liberty granted by the Recess being resolute not to call any Council but in Rome whatsoever should happen In this respect another accident was as grievous as the former that is the Peace made at Cambray the third of April between the Kings of France and Spain which was well confirmed by the Marriages of the Daughter of Henry to the King of Spain and of his Sister to the Duke of Savoy In which Peace among other Capitulations it was agreed that both the Kings should make a faithful promise to labour joyntly that the Council should be Celebrated the Church Reformed and the differences of Religion Composed The Pope considered how goodly a shew the title of Reformation and the name of a Council did make that England was lost and all Germany also partly by the Protestants and partly by his difference with Ferdinand that these two united Kings were much offended by him the Spaniards by deeds and words the French by words at the least and there remained none to whom he might have refuge These cogitations did so afflict the Old Pope that he was unfit to rule He could not hold the Consistories so often as he was wont and when he did hold them he spent the most part of the time in speaking of the Inquisition and exhorting the Cardinals to favour it as being the only way to extinguish Heresies But the two Kings did not agree to procure the Council for any ill will or interests which either of them had against the Pope or Papacy but to provide against the new Doctrines which did exceedingly encrease being willingly heard and received by all men of Conscience and which was of more importance the male-contented put themselves on that side and did daily under pretence of Religion make some Enterprises as well in the Low-Countreys as in France in regard those people did love their liberty and had commerce with Germany as bordering upon it In the beginning of the troubles some seeds were sown which that they might not take root the Emperor Charles the Fifth in the Low-Countreys and the French King in his Kingdom made many Edicts and commanded divers Executions But after that the number of Protestants did encrease in Germany and the Evangelicks did multiply among the Suisses and the separation was made in England by reason of the often Wars between the Emperour and French King either Party was forced to call in Auxiliaries out of these three Nations who publickly professing and preaching the Reformed Religion in their quarters by their example and by other means divers of the people became of their Religion And although in the Low-Countreys from the first Edict of Charles until this time of the Peace there were hanged beheaded buried alive and burned to the number of fifty thousand and very many put to death in France yet both places were then in worse case than ever This made the Kings to think joyntly of finding a remedy The Pope as he was much discontented with the Progress of the new Doctrine in the States of both the Kings so he was pleased that those Princes did think of it and moved them by his N 〈…〉 ii to do so still But he would not have any other means than that of the Inquisition which he thought the only remedy as he said upon all occasions judging that the Council would do as formerly it had done that is reduce all into a worse state While he was possessed with these cogitations and weak of body the King of France died the second of July by a wound in the eye running at Tilt for which he seemed very sorrowful and was so indeed For although he suspected and with reason the intelligence between the two Kings yet he had still hopes to separate them But the one being dead he saw he was at the discretion of the other alone whom he more feared because he was more offended by him and was of a more close nature hard to be sounded He feared also that in France a gate would be set wide open to let in Sects which might be confirmed before the new King could get so much wisdom and reputation as was necessary to oppose so great difficulties He lived some few daies afflicted with these cogitations but now laying aside all hopes which had until then kept him alive he died the eighteenth of August recommending to the Cardinals nothing but the Officâ— of the Inquisition the only means as he said to prâ—serve the Church exhorting all to employ all their endeavours to establish it in Italy and wheresoever else they could FINIS
and Ireland which Title continued by Edward was assumed by Mary and her Husband The Pope so soon as he was Created entred into a resolution that the Title of Ireland should not be used by those Princes affirming constantly that it belonged only to him to give ☜ the name of a King But it seemed hard to induce England to quit that which two Kings had used and the Queen not thinking much of it had continued Therefore he found a temper that is to dissemble the knowledg of what Henry had done and himself to erect the Island into a Kingdom that so the World might believe that the Queen had used the Titles as given by the Pope not as decreed by her Father And the Popes have often given that which they could not take from the Possessors and to avoid contentions some have received their own goods as gifts and some have dissembled the knowledg of the gift or of the pretence of the giver In the private discourses between the Pope and the Ambassadors he found fault that the Church was not wholly restored ☜ saying that by no means it was to be tolerated and that it was necessary to render all even to a farthing because the things that belong to God can never be applied to humane uses and he that with-holdeth the least part of them ☜ is in continual state of damnation That if he had power to grant them he would do it most readily for his Fatherly affection that he beareth to them and for the experience he had of their filial Obedience but his authority was not so large as that he might prophane the things dedicated to God and let England be assured that this would be an Anathema and a Contagion which by the just revenge of God would hold the Kingdom of England in perpetual infelicity He charged the Ambassaâ—ors to write thereof immediately and was not content to speak of it once but repeated it as often as there was occasion He said also plainly that ☜ the Peter Pence ought to be paid as soon as might be that according to the custom he would send a Collector for that purpose that himself had exercised that Charge three years having been sent into England for that end wherein he was much edified by seeing the forwardness of the people to contribute especially those of the meaneâ— sort and told them often that they could not hope that Saint Peter would open Heaven unto them so long as they usurped his goods upon Earth This relation made unto the Queen with many other Treaties continued successively from Rome caused her to employ all her Spirits herein but nothing could be done because many of the Nobility and of the Grandies had incorporated many of these revenues into their houses For her self she restored the tenths and all other Ecclesiastical goods annexed to the Crown by her Brother and her Father The Ambassadors parted from Rome with much praise and favour from the Pope for their submission a means by which his good will is easily gained In the mean space the Diet of Germany was prosecuted not without contentions which would have been greater if Cardinal Morone had remained there as well for the negotiations he would have made as for the suspitions conceived by the Protestants that he was sent only to oppose their Commodities And it was already published every where that Rome was full of hope that Germany would quickly come under the Yoke as England had done After the Cardinals departure the first difficulty was whether the points of Religion should be discussed first of all which though the Ecclesiasticks did contradict in the beginning yet it was finally resolved by common consent to begin there Wherein there were two contrary Propositions one to treat of the means to reform it the other to leave every one to his liberty about which Point there was very great Controversy But in the end all inclined to the second Proposition not knowing how to root out the evil which did still move only hoping that when the humours were quiet and the differences and suspitions removed many easy and commodious waies might be found out For this it was necessary to establish a Peace that for cause of Religion there might be no more War and that it might be lawful for all the Princes and States of the Empire to follow and cause to be observed in their Dominions what Religion pleased them best And the five and twentieth day of September the Recess was made that a General or National Council neither of which could be assembled in regard of many difficulties being necessary to determine lawfully the Causes of Religion until a way might be opened to a friendly agreement throughout all Germany the Emperor Ferdinand the Catholick Princes and States should not force the Princes Orders and States of the Augustan Confession to forsake their Religion and Ceremonies already instituted or to be instituted in their Dominions not should do any thing in contempt thereof nor hinder them in the free use of that Religion and those of the Augustan Confession ought to behave themselves in the same sort towards Caesar Ferdinand and the other Princes and States of the old Religion as well Ecclesiastical as Secular every one having power to establish in his own State what Religion he will and to forbid the other And if any Ecclesiastick shall abandon the old Religion it shall be no infamy unto him but the shall presently lose his Benefices which shall be conferred upon others by the Patron and the Benefices which the Protestants have already annexed to Schools and Ministries of the Church shall remain in the same State That Ecclesiastical jurisdiction shall be exercised no more against those of the Augustan Confession but otherwise shall be exercised according to the ancient Custom Pope Paul understanding of this Recess of Ausburg was exceeding angry He complained thereof to the Emperors Ambassador and to the Cardinal of Ausburg reprehending Ferdinand for suffering a Treaty in matters of Religion without the knowledg of the Apostolick ☜ See and threatning that in due time he would make the Emperor and that King know to their grief how they have offended him he exhorted them to prevent it by revoking and disallowing the things granted that he might have no occasion to proceed as he meant to do not only against the Lutherans but even against them also as Abettors offering to assist them in case they should do it by authority and arms and to command all Christian Princes upon pains and censures to aid them with all their Forces He was not satisfied with the Ambassadors answer who alledged the strength of the Protestants the War against Cesar in which he was like to be Prisoner in Ispruâ— and the Oaths taken For ☜ the Oaths he answered that he freed and absolved them yea commanded not to observe them To the rest he said that in God's Cause one must not proceed according to humane respects That the
that See can do when it hath a Pope of Courage The 26th of May the Anniversary of his Coronation all the Cardinals and Ambassadors dining with him according to custom he began after dinner to discourse of the Council and that his resolution was to celebrate it by all means in Rome and that in Courtesie he gave notice thereof to the Princes and that the high-waies may be made secure for the Prelates But if no Prelates would come thither yet he would hold it with those only who are in Court because he well knew what Authority he had While the Pope was busy about the Reformation news came to Rome that a Truce was concluded the 5th of February between the Emperor and French King by the mediation of Cardinal Pool who did interpose in the name of the Queen of England which made the Pope amazed and Cardinal Caraffa much more it having been treated and concluded without them The Pope was displeased principally for the loss of reputation and for the danger which it brought if those two Princes were joyned at whose discretion he must needs stand Yet the Pope not losing courage made shew of joy for the Truce but said he was not fully satisfied with it because a Peace was necessary in regard of the Council which he purposed to celebrate which he was resolved to treat and for that end to send Legates to those Princes being assured to conclude it because he would employ his Authority for he would not be hindred in the government of the Church committed to him by Christ To the Emperor he sent Scipio Rebiba Cardinal of Pisa and to the French King Cardinal Caraffa his Nephew This went with all speed and to the other order was given to go slowly Rebiba had instruction to exhort the Emperor to amend Germany which was not done till then because none had proceeded aright in that enterprise He knew the defects of his Predecessors who to stop the Reformation of the Court did hinder the good progress of the Council But contrarily he was resolved to promote the Reformation and to celebrate a Council in his own presence and to begin with this point assuring himself that when they should see the abuses taken away for which they separated themselves from the Church and remain contumacious still they will desire and run to receive the Decrees and Constitutions which the Council will make where shall be reformed not verbally but really the Head Members Clergie Laity Princes and People To do so good a work a truce of five years is not sufficient because there are no less suspitions in Truces than in War and one must be ever providing against the time when they end That a perpetual Peace is necessary to remove all malice and suspitions that all may bend themselves joyntly without worldly respects to that which concerneth the union and reformation of the Church He gave the like instructions to Caraffa and was content it should be published by giving out some Copies of it He gave his Nephew a large instruction to try the Kings mind and if he saw him resolute to observe the Truce to thunder into his ears the same lesson of the Council and to Rebiba he gave order to govern himself as he he should receive advice from his Nephew Caraffa carried to the King the Sword and Hat which the Pope had blessed on Christmass-day at night according to the custom Of the Peace he made no mention but represented to the King that howsoever the League was not violated by the Truce of five years yet it was made of no force to the great danger of his Unckle and of his Family and that they had already some taste thâ—reof by tâ—at which the Spaniards had done He recommâ—nded to him in most effectual terms Religion and the Papacy to which his Predecessors gave singular protection and the Pope himself and his Family much devoted to his Majesty The King was not averse but remained doubtful considering the Pope's age who might die when he should have most need of him Caraffa perceived this and found a remedy promising that the Pope should create so many Cardinals partial for France and Enemies to Spain that he should ever have a Pope on his side The Cardinals perswasions and the promise of the Promotion and the Absolution from the Oath of the Truce which he gave in the Popes name together with the negotiation of thâ— Cardinal of Loraine and his Brother made the King resolve to move War though the Princes of the 〈◊〉 and all the Gâ—andies of the Court abhorred the infamy of breaking the Truce and receiving Absolution from the Oaâ—h The conclusion being made Caraffa recalled the Legate sent to the Emperor who was arrived at Maâ—â—riâ— and caused him to come into France though he was but two daies journey distant from Caesar which made thâ— Empâ—ror and the King his Son believe that in France something was concluded against them The Pope's distastes against the Emperor and his Son did daily encrease He made a most severe proâ—â—ss against Ascanius Colonna and Marcus Antonius his Soâ— for many offences which he pretended to be done 〈…〉 the Apostolick See excommunicated them and deprived them of all dignity and fee with censures agâ—â—â—st those that gave them assistance or favour and did confiâ—cate all their possessions within the state of the Church and gave them to the Count Montorius his Nephew with the title of Duke of Pagliano Marcus Antonius retiring into the Kingdom of Naples was received and sometimes made excursions upon his own lands which much provoked the Pope who thinking his nods were commandments unto all able to terrifie every one he could not endure to be so little esteemed at Naples his Country where he would have been thought to be Omnipotent He thought in the beginning by talking lavishly of the Emperor and of the King to make them desist from favouring the Colonnesi and therefore spake very often disgracefully of them in the presence of all sorts of persons but most willingly when any Spanish Cardinal was present and at last commanded it should be written unto them None of these proofs taking effect he proceeded farther and the three and twentieth of July made the Fiscal and Silvester Aldobrandinus the Consistorial Advocate appear in the Consistory who declared that his Holiness having excommunicated and deprived Marcus Antonius Colonna and prohibited under the same censures all sorts of persons to assist or favour him and it being notorious that the Emperor and King Philip his Son had furnished him with horse foot and money they were fallen into the punishments of the same sentence ☜ and had lost their Territories which they held in Fee Therefore they desired that his Holiness would proceed to a declaratory Sentence and give order for Execution The Pope answered that he would advise upon it by the counsel of the Cardinals and proposed in Consistory what was fit to be done in a case of so