have a mind to Imitate such a self-ruining madness the dire Events and many heavy and remediless Calamities which fell upon the over-sparing and cautious Constantinopolitans who denying their Emperor a necessary and fitting Aid to defend them as well as himself made the Turks Master of all Greece so renowned heretofore for Learning and that City and the Riches of it a twentieth or a very small part whereof might have disappointed all the Tyranny Bondage and Slavery which they have ever since been under and are according to Humane Judgement like to continue to the end of the World in no better a Condition And now that Hannibal is ad Portas Dangers on all sides encompassing and crowding in upon us we should neither forsake our selves and good old England which will surely be worth the saving nor so much mistake that which was ever accompted to be Reason Wisdom and Forecast as to undervalue the prospect and the cares of Prevention laugh at them as Pedantick Fopperies or the dotage of a Decrepit World and like Jonas displeasing his God fall asleep in the midst of a Tempest But rather make hast to return to our selves and set before us the Wisdom and Examples of our Ancestors and Predecessors who in the care of themselves and of the Private and Publick not separate but joyned together as well as of their Kings and Soveraigns would not be deterred by any Statemisfortunes or Irregularities or tempted by their Jealousies or Fears to suffer themselves as the Members and smaller parts of the Body to languish and be destroyed by neglecting the Head and the Security and Safety thereof or by not paying their Duty and Reverence to their Kings hate and ruine themselves which in all their Discontents and Murmurings against their Kings and Government the Anxieties or Commotions of their Minds and Passions or the Dispairs which had sometimes seized upon them they did so much seek to avoid as they did not refuse them Aids in all their Wars and Troubles Domestick and Foreign King Henry the Second who after a very great and general Act of resumption of the Aliened Crown Revenue some whereof had been granted by himself had discontented many of his great Nobility when all his Sons had Rebelled Warred and taken Arms against him wanted not a supply by Escuage from his Subjects of England to reduce them to Obedience and make his Wars in France King Richard the First being unfortunately in his Return Incognito from his warlike and glorious Expedition to Jerusalem made Prisoner by an unworthy Surprize of the Duke of Austria and the German Emperor enforced as some of our Historians have reported for his Deliverance to invest the former of them with the Superiority of his Kingdom of England by the delivering of his Hat unto him which the Emperor in the presence of divers of the Nobility of Germany and England returned unto him to hold the Kingdom of him by the Annual Tribute of Fifty thousand pound Sterling and his Brother John Usurping the Crown in his absence and Plotting with the Emperor and the King of France his mortal Enemy to continue him a Prisoner during his Life both Laiety and Clergy notwithstanding that he had by the perswasion of the Clergy more than of the Laiety been ingaged in that very Expensive War did so strain themselves to redeem the Person of their King the Kingdom and People at that time being secure enough from Foreign Invasions as they raised and paid One hundred and fifty thousand Marks in pure Silver of Cologn weight then a very great Sum of Money by Twenty Shillings imposed upon every Knights Fee the fourth part of the Revenue of the Laiety and the like of the Clergy a tenth of their Goods all or most the Chalices and Treasure of the Church being then also not a little sold to make up the Sum So as William Petit or Newbrigensis who wrote his Book in that time saith Ferè exmunita pecuniis Anglia videretur England seemed to be almost emptied of all her Money and the like courses were held for raising that then great Sum of Money in all his Dominions beyond the Seas King John likewise having resum'd much of his Crown-Lands Murdered as was suspected his Nephew Arthur the right Heir to the Crown and thereby forfeited the Dutchy of Normandy to the King of France of whom he held it and in those many Troubles and Distresses which were cast upon him by his unruly Baronage constrained to acknowledge to hold his Kingdoms of England and Dominion of Ireland of the Pope and his Successors in Fee-Farm under the yearly Rent of One thousand Marks per Annum Charged his Earls and Barons with the Losses which he had sustained in France Fined and made them pay a seventh part of all their Goods had Two marks and a half granted unto him by the Parliament out of every Knight's Feé and within a year after a thirteenth part of all the Moveables and other Goods as well of the Clergy as of the Laiety King Henry the Third his Son resum'd all the Lands alien'd from the Crown had so great Troubles entail'd upon him by the Contests of his boisterous Baronage with his Father as Lewis the French King's Son was called in by some of them received their Homage and had London and a great part of the Kingdom delivered up and put into his Possession but upon better Consideration was afterwards sent home again by those that Invited him and the Barons of England having so little accorded with their Native King as several Battels were fought betwixt them in one of which the King himself was taken Prisoner and in another released by the Valour of the Prince his Son the managers of that Rebellion Slain and their multitude of Partizans reduced to Obedience being a great part of the Kingdom by their Compounding with his Commissioners at Kenelworth to give him Seven years Purchase of the yearly value of their Lands which amounted to a very great Sum of Money for a Pardon for their Offences and a Redemption of their Estates the Subjects and People of this Nation did howsoever in order to their own Preservation besides the fifteenth part of all their Goods for his Grants of Magna Charta and Charta Forestae not deny him their Aids of Scutage Fifteenths and Tenths there being scarce a year wherein there was not a Parliament and seldom any Parliament without a Tax King Edward the First notwithstanding his Writs of Quo Warranto brought against all the Nobility Great Men Gentry and others of England Cities and Burroughs Claiming Liberties and Priviledges wherein he did put them strictly to prove them either by Grant or Prescription seized and confiscated the Estates of the Earls of Gloucester Hereford and Norfolk Men of great Might and Power for their refusing to go and serve him in his Wars beyond the Seas the Earl of Hereford being Constable and the Earl of Norfolk Earl Marshal of
the Second year of King Henry the Fourth An Assize shall be maintainable against the King 's Patentee of Lands without any title found for the King by Inquisition By an Act of Parliament made in the 4 th year of the Reign of the aforesaid King a special Assize shall be maintainable against a Disseisor by force Riots Routs and unlawful Assemblies are forbid by a Statute made in the 13 th year of the aforesaid King's Reign and the Justices of Peace near adjoyning Impowred to hear and determine the Offences and if they cannot are to certifie the King and his Council thereof By an Act of Parliament made in the second year of the Reign of King Henry the 5 th Commissions are to be from time to time awarded to Inquire of the defaults of the Justices of Peace Justices of the Assize Sheriffs and under-Sheriffs in not suppressing and punishing the same By an Act of Parliament made in the first year of King Richard the Third the Justices of Peace may let Prisoners to mainprize that are Arrested or Imprisoned for light suspition of Felony or by Malice and no Sheriff or other Officer shall seize the Goods of a Prisoner until he be attainted By an Act of Parliament made in the 23 th year of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth A Jury Convicted of giving a false Verdict if it be for any thing demanded above the value of Forty pounds and concerneth not the Jeopardy of a man's life shall forfeit Twenty pounds a piece the one half to the King and the other to the Party that will sue for the same and Five pounds a piece if the thing demanded be under the value of Twenty pounds and every one of them in the one Case and the other make fine and ransom by the discretion of the Judges before whom such false Verdict was given never after be of any Credence nor their Oaths accepted in any Court By an Act of Parliament made in the 32 year of the said King wrongful disseifin shall be no dissent in Law except the Disseisor shall have been five years in quiet Possession without entry or continual Claim of those who have lawful Title thereunto The Barons of the Exchequer are by an Act of Parliament made in the 33 th year of the aforesaid King Authorized by Bills of Equity in the Exchequer Chamber to acquit discharge or moderate all Recognizances Debts Detinues Trespasses Wastes Deceipts Defaults Contempts and Forfeitures Treasons Murders Felonies Rights Titles and Interest as well of Inheritance as Free-hold only excepted according to Equity and good Conscience By an Act of Parliament made in the 5 th and 6 th year of the Reign of King Edward the Sixth Great Penalties were laid upon those that should buy or sell Offices concerning the Administration of Justice or any Offices belonging to the King all Contracts Bonds Promises Covenants and Bargains to be void both as to the Buyer and Seller and the taker of any Gift or Promise to forfeit his Nomination and Interest therein By an Act of Parliament made in the 31 th year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth Three Proclamations shall be made in every Action Personal where an Exigent is awarded and the Defendant before the allowance of any Writ of Error or Reversal of the Utlary shall be bound to answer the Plaintiff and satisfie the Condemnation By an Act of Parliament made in the 43 th year of the Reign of the aforesaid Queen Every Sheriff Under-Sheriff or other Person making any Warrant for the Summons Arrest or Attaching of any Person or their Goods to appear in any of the Courts of Westminster or procuring it without Original Writ or Process to warrant the same being Convicted thereof shall be Imprisoned without Bail or Mainprize until they shall have paid the party grieved Ten pounds with all his other Damages and Twenty pounds a piece for their Offence to the Queen and for the avoiding of Vexatious Actions where any recovery is had for Debt or Damages for less than Forty shillings or not above no more Costs shall be awarded by the Judge than the Debt or Damages recovered And by the Law Writs of Habeas Corpus una Cum die Causa Captionis are granted by the Courts of King's-Bench or Common Pleas when any are Imprisoned by the King or any other without Cause shewed to be Bailed if the Cause shall not appear to be Just and Legal And if any Man Imprison any of the King's Subjects without just Cause or enter upon or take away any of their Estates against the Tenor of our Magna Charta and Charta Forestae and many of our other excellent Laws and reasonable Customs he may although it be by the King's Command if not legal be punished for the same And our Magna Charta and Liberties are so Bulwarked and Fortified as every man may have reason enough to be assured That the People of England and Wales cannot upon any Emergencies and Violations of Laws want relief or Redress When the Justices in Eyre Instituted by King Henry the Second to ride their Circuits until they were by King Edward the Third changed into those of Assizes who in their Vernal and Autumnal Circuits carrying the King's Justice and Care of it into every Shire and County of England and Wales to prevent as much as might be their Travels and Expences to seek it farther from home did amongst many other Articles and Matters concerning the King and his People give in Charge to the Grand Juries of the several Cities and Counties of their Circuits which were Men of good Estates Knowledge Experience and Concerns Sworn to present what they should be charged to Inquire of and direct them to Inquire and present false Weights and Measures Lands seized into the King's hands which ought not to be seized or being ordered to be restored were not of those that were amerced without reasonable Cause and not according to the Offence or by their Peers without a saving to their Contenement a Merchant without a saving to him his Merchandize and a Villain without saving his Waynage and not by the Oaths of good and lawful Men of the Neighborhood if any Earls and Barons were amerced but by their Peers and after the manner of their Offences and if any Man of the Church be amerced otherwise than according to his Lay-Tenement and after the quantity of his Offence and by the Statute of Marleborough made in the One and fiftieth year of King Henry the Third of all other the breaches of the Laws and Liberties granted by Magna Charta and the Charter of the Forrest and other Articles and Matters to be Inquired of given unto them in Writing and upon their Oaths to answer distinctly what they did know Affirmatively or Negatively When the Judges of the Court of King's Bench who do yet retain the power of Justices in Eyre do in every Easter and
valent Rehabilitations Abolitions and other sorts and natures of Breves and Instruments enumerated in the Statute of 25 H. 8. ca. 21. And there said to be Infinite with their many times costly Masses Indulgencies Releases and Purgatory favours by which the common kind of Papists are sure in their Contributions and Taxes charged upon them by their wellgaining Superiours or Conductors the wrong way to have themselves and their Families kept and continued poor and low enough without the least of danger of Surfeits or overmuch Satieties especially when they are to live after the excessive Rates of Houshold Provisions and Expences for Food and Raiment now more than formerly exacted to the shame and disgrade of the Protestant Religion by a mighty and insupportable excess of Pride Usury Brocage and Cheating to maintain it Neither are their Numbers or Increase considering their strict Observations of Lent very many Publick Penances Vigils and Fasts and Private Mortisications like to be as dreadful as that of the Children of Israel in Aegypt to the Aegyptians Or of the Moors that had 800 years together Conquered and Overpowred Spain when the numerous Posterity of them were in the memory of Man Banished and sent home again into Affrick upon so severe and short a warning as they were constrained to abandon and leave behind them all their Lands and Possessions and carry only such moveables as a rigorous and short prefixion could allow them Or to cause them to be Transplanted as many of the Irish were by Cromwell in his Hypocritical Zealous and unmerciful Policy from their other more comfortable Provinces in Ireland as Ulster Lymerick and the English Pale into Connaught the worser part of that Kingdom And that there is no foundation to support those Panick Fears which have so greatly and more then needs tormented the Minds of too many of the either over-credulously fearful or over-medling part of the People and being only more supposed than demonstrated to be a Grievance and lying heavy upon some kind of Spirits will be as necessary to be taken out of their Minds and as well becoming a State Policy and the Care of the Soveraign as it was of our King Henry the Third who in the turbulent Commotions of his Barons and their Adherents and the Distresses which were put upon him found it to be no Mountebank's Medicine to Cure and asswage the Distempers of the all-discerning and giddy Multitude by granting out his Commissions into every County to inquire of their Grievances or causes of discontents so as not to excuse or Patronize any one Sort or Sect whatsoever in their maintaining the Unchristian and Damnable Doctrine of Killing or Deposing Princes for Male-Administration of Justice or those that dissent from our truly Loyal and Religious Church of England It may be a thing capable of wonder and fit to be put as a Question to the more Intelligent How it should happen that Fears and Jealousies should so disturb the Minds of such as endeavour to affright themselves and others with the Attempts and Dangerous Doctrines of the Popish Party and the same persons nevertheless to be so calm and silent in the fast-rooted unrepented and offered in publick to be justified groundless ungodly and disloyal Opinions of too many of those that would be called Protestants and accompted Zealots in the Practice and Promotion of it That a King is accomptable to the People for breach of Trust may be deposed and is but Co-ordinate with both his Houses of Parliament and as not content with that which can never be proved to be due unto them would mount a great deal higher and pretend that there is a Soveraignty in the People and that the King is but an Artificial Man set up or appointed by them And suffer a Seditious Book called The Obligation of Humane Laws to be publickly Sold and never complained of when it doth all it can to prove That every man how simple or illiterate soever he be is to be a Judge whether the Law or a Command of his Prince or Superior be good or bad and direct or apply his Obedience unto it accordingly As if they had never heard or read of the folly and dire Effects of Rebellion and Sedition in that of the Spencers in the Reign of King Edward the Second That Allegiance was only due to the Crown and not unto the Person of the Prince being exploded by two Acts of Parliament and the Promoters Condemned of Treason and his Inforced resignation of his Crown to his Son King Edward the Third by the Faction of his Queen and Mortimer and the deposing of King Richard the Second by an over-power of the Army of Henry of Lancaster and his Party occasioned by affrighting him into a seeming voluntary Surrender disallowed and detested by Succeeding Ages Or may we not rather commend and imitate the better temper of the Subjects of this Kingdom before the 23 d year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth when in the beginning of her Happy and ever to be praised Government they never started at her Indulgence to the Popish Party or took it ill that she kept an Embassador at Rome and was offered to have the English Liturgy and Reformation established by the Pope's Authority if she would but acknowledge his Supremacy gave Aid to Don Antonio a distressed Popish Prince towards the Recovery of the Kingdom of Portugal and so much assisted Mary Queen of Scotland a Papist and Mother to our King James who if she had survived her was by Inheritance to have been Queen of England against the Presbyterian and Congregational Rebellious Party in Scotland as they called her the Whore of Babylon and publickly Preached that she was an Atheist and of no Religion Or can we do less than deem the English Nation in the Reign of King James to be happy in their enjoyment of so great a Tranquility as to be free from any Suspitions of the Increase of Popery when he was wrongfully accused by Elphiston to have written a little before his coming to the Crown of England a seeming friendly Letter to the Pope and that the Pope had after he came into England sent a Cardinal to Seduce him into the Snares of that Religion wherein although upon reason of State he had given his Royal Protection unto Preston and Warrington two Secular Priests against the Practices of some Jesuits which Abbot Arch-Bishop of Canterbury a professed enemy to Popery did allow as a thing not evilly done his afterwards Learned Books and Writings against that Church might have abundantly manifested the folly of such who should but have imagined that he had any Inclination or good Will unto it For it cannot be unknown to you that until the 16 th year and the after succeeding years of the Reign of that peaceable and wise Prince when his Son-in-Law Frederick Prince Elector and Count Palatine of the Rhine had as unhappily as rashly and unjustly taken upon him to be Elected King of
Nations who were the Mediators for Peace at Cologne emboldened by our home Divisions and want of Supplies lengthened it self beyond all Expectation And hath notwithstanding in the Interim by his Protections Royal and many other Cares taken done as much as he could to keep the Bankers from Arrests Imprisonments and other Ruines impendant often happening and falling upon Men indebted Although if Reports and the Laments of some that were concerned be not much mistaken a great part of that Money was belonging to many of his own Servants who by his Bounty and Places of Profit under him had easily gained it and many of those who so heavily complained of that detention of their Moneys had for their own advantages intrusted it to the Bankers who by an Imaginary Credit far exceeding their own Estates furnishing one man with another man's Money and paying out that which was but the same day or a little before come in had inticed a great part of the Money of the Nation into their hands And some if not many of the Owners did well enough understand that they did not only furnish them and their Credits upon all Emergent occasions of Profit or Accommodation by that kind of alluring much of the Money of the Nation into their Custody but his Majesty also at an high and intollerable Usury which if a strict enquiry were made by His Majesty or Order of Parliament of the particular Owners of the Money brought into the Exchequer by the Bankers and from thence borrowed and made use of by his Majesty upon his Publick and most urgent Affairs would plainly appear And it will be as manifest that he afterwards gave no respite to his Royal Cares and Intentions of Repaying it with the Legal or as much Interest as the Bankers were to pay for it And finding that the Fee Farm Rents amounting unto Seventy thousand pounds per annum sold at Sixteen years Purchase which nothing but a grand Necessity could enforce him to Alien for that many of them being the Tenths were by two several Acts of Parliament annexed to the Imperial Crown of England for the maintenance thereof and were as so many Ties and Obligations which made the Owners of these Lands to be dependant upon the Crown would not reach to a Satisfaction of his other Debts and Expences which having been longer due were more importunate than those of the Bankers did lately in a Speech to the Lords and Commons in Parliament make it his earnest Request that they would take the Necessity and speedy Payment of the Bankers into their Considerations And when nothing of help could be obtain'd for that purpose did by his Letters Patents under his great Seal with great difficulty and hardship order a part of his burdened Revenue to be assigned for the due and orderly payment of the Interest until the Principal Moneys should be justly satisfied and paid So as his doings therein or making use of that Money if impartially and judiciously weighed in the Ballance of Truth and Judgment is not to be called a seizure or forcible taking of the Bankers Money or to be ranked either as to the necessity or the thing it self or the number of the persons concerned with what King Edward the First a Wise and Prudent Prince did do when he in the 22 year of his Reign seized into his hands upon occasion of supplying the Publick Necessities all the Wools in the Kingdom as the Merchants were lading them in the Ports giving them Security for Payment at his own Rates and a long day and a short price and transported them to his own best and readiest Sale and at another time upon a like necessity seized all the Pope's Moneys which had been Collected for him by the Clergy of England amounting to very great Sums of Money towards the Wars of the Holy Land gave Protections to those that had the Custody of it and retain'd and made use of it for his then pressing Publick Affairs two years and more notwithstanding that the Pope had in the mean time sent unto him then hugely formidable threatning Bulls and Letters for it Or the like done by King Edward the Third in the 12 th year of his Reign with all the Tynne or with what King Henry the 6 th did by way of Purveyance of great Store of Grain and Corn and transporting it into Gascony where it was very dear or by Queen Elizabeth of a great deal of Beer Transported and sold to her use beyond the Seas and by defraying a great part of the Charges of her Wars in Ireland with Moneys Coined of Tynne with a promise to make a Satisfaction for it with Moneys made of Silver which was justly performed by her and King James her Learned Successor Concerning all which matters fears and jealousies I can be confident your Sentiments and mine will so little disagree as your Judgment of the Ages past and observations of the rise and progress of our late Troubles and Miseries which brought the greatest Shame and Scandal to the Protestant Religion profest in England and Scotland that ever it had or could have laid upon it and cast an unhappy Reflection upon those that were in the parts beyond the Seas will not refuse me your Company in the Opinion of a Truth so experimented that the fruit of all those Artifices rather than any just cause of any such fears or apprehensions have yielded no better Effects than the Ruine and Confusion of the former Glory and Honour of our Nation by setting up a Rebellious part of the People the Offspring as to some of their Levelling Principles of Wat Tiler and Jack Cade to undo and Rule over the better sort of the People and the Poor to Plunder and rob the Rich. And that therefore they which have been the cause of so many Mischiefs and Evils which their and our Seri Nepotes will have reason enough bitterly to bewail and without God's great Mercy will scarcely live to see eradicated ought better to consult their Conscience the Precepts and Examples of Wisdom Salus Populi Interest of the Kingdom and Honour of the King and Nation and abandoning their former Follies and false Lights which led them and their partakers into so great Sins and made them to be the Causes of so many National Miseries not run themselves and others into the fear of one or two incertain Evils but an Hundred which will be most certain and can never be recalled And I cannot but assure my self that you will be ready to conclude with me that there is no Rational or just Cause of Fear that we can have by any Infection contracted from the now Laws and manner of Government of France under His most Christian Majesty For until their Civil and Intestine Wars and Ill Usage of Charles the Fifth and Charles the Seventh their Kings in their greatest Distresses that Nation had Liberties more than at present they have or are likely to enjoy And that our
all Ecclesiastical Promotions and Benefices overturned the then established Religion of the Kingdom seized and took into his Possession the great yearly Revenue of 600 Abbies Priories and Nunneries most of the Hospitals and Colleges which had been given to Religious Uses with Anathema's with as many other dreadful Curses and Imprecations as the Minds of Men could imagine to fall upon the Violaters thereof amounting in the then yearly value unto something more than One hundred and Ninety thousand Pounds sterling per Annum being at a then low and undervalued rate scarce the 20 th Peny of the now since improved yearly value excluded the Founders from their Reversions and Legal Rights thereof when the uses unto which they were first ordained should be altered or otherwise applied Confiscated the very many rich Shrines Chalices Plates Copes Jewels Pearls Precious Stones Gold and Silver not only found in those Religious Houses but in all the Cathedrals and Churches in England the Riches of all which could amount to no less than many Millions of Money Sterling more if not equal unto the vast and admired Reserves and Treasures of the Venetian Republick or that of many Popes Provisions reported to have been laid up in the Castle of St. John de Angelo at Rome in case of any Invasion or War of the Turks and unhappily wasted expended and gave away not only a great part of those immense Riches and Land Revenue but all the Eighteen hundred thousand Pounds sterling which were left him in his Father's Treasury debased some of his Gold Coin and made it Currant for a greater value than in truth it would yield And the better to gentle and pacifie the People who stood amazed at it promised and undertook that they should never more be troubled with Aids or Subsidies Was notwithstanding when afterwards the Publick Occasions required Aids or Supplies neither foreclosed by his Promise or denied the assistance of his People But the Lords and Commons in Parliament did in the 35 th year of his Reign assent to an Act of Parliament for the remitting unto him all such Sums of Money as he had borrowed of them or any other by way of Impress or Loan by his Privy Seals sithence the First day of January in the 33 th year of his Reign and if he had paid to any Person any some of Money which he had borrowed by Sale of Land or otherwise the same Person his Heirs Executors or Administrators should repay it again to the King and if any Person had sold his Privy Seal to another the Seller should repay the Money to the Buyer thereof And for a further Supply did in the last year of his Reign grant unto him one Subsidy with two Fifteenths and Tenths by the Temporalty and one Subsidy by the Clergy Whose Successors and Posterity have ever since not refused to Subscribe to those Laws of God Nature and Nations That Children are obliged to assist both their Political and Natural Parents The contrary whereof would be against the Rules of Humanity and Mankind Judge Hutton a greater Friend unto the Law then Ragioni di Stato Reason of State or Government declaring in his Argument in the Exchequer Chamber against the Ship-Money in the latter end of the Reign of King Charles the Martyr That an Act of Parliament that a King should have no aid or help of his Subjects would be void and of none effect King Edward the Sixth after the many Seditions and Troubles which assaulted his Infant Government and excellent endowments of Virtue and Piety by the Wars with Scotland quarrellings of the Protector and Admiral his Uncles on the Mother's side and the Plots of Dudley Duke of Northumberland was although he had taken into his hands all the Lands Houses and Tenements formerly given under dire Imprecations and Curses for the quiet and welfare as the People then thought of the Souls of their Ancestors Children Friends and Benefactors departed out of this World and gone into the next together with the Colleges given to Superstitious Uses free Chappels Fraternities and Guilds with all their Lands Goods and Estates seizure of Church Goods in Cathedrals and Parish Churches and such as had been imbezil'd with Jewels Gold and Silver Chalices ready Money Copes and other Vestments reserving to every Church one Chalice and one Covering for the Communion Table was not grudged in the last year of his short Reign one Subsidy with two Fifteens and Tenths granted by the Temporalty and a Subsidy by the Clergy Queen Mary being a profess'd Catholick renversed the Protestant Religion put many to Death Banished and Persecuted all the Eminent Professors thereof Married Philip the Second King of Spain and thereby endangering if she had any Issue by him to have brought England under the Laws and Yoke of his Spanish Dominions with the Bloody and Cruel Inquisition to boot began to restore the Lands of the Abbies and Monasteries and intended to relinquish all her right therein Lost Calice which had been in the English Possession ever since the Conquering of it from the French by King Edward the Third Made severe Laws against the Protestants Abrogated all those that were made against the Catholicks shook and tottered the Estates of many of the Protestants great Nobility in their Lands which had belonged to their Monasteries and Religious Houses and of many Thousands of considerable Families of the Kingdom who had those kind of Lands either given them by King Henry the Eighth or King Edward the Sixth or had Purchased them of others who might well have foreseen their not Enjoyment of them if she had but a little longer continued her Reign to perfect the entire returning to the Church of Rome of her self and as many of the People as she should be able to force into it was not in her short Reign without the Aids and Assistance of the People when the Publick Affairs called for them Richard the Third though for his Cruelties and ill obtaining of the Crown he merited not the Title of a King after his stabbing King Henry the Sixth whereof he died in the Life-time of King Edward the 4 th and after his Death procuring himself to be made Protector of the Kingdom during the Minority of King Edward the Fifth his Nephew whose Guards when he had made to be dismissed and enticed him and his Brother into the Tower of London upon a counterfeit pretence of Safety and Honour he procur'd to be Murthered Did the like to his own Elder Brother the Duke of Clarence whom he contrived to be drowned in a But of Malmsey made himself King and in the setling of his wrongful Title and wicked Usurpation made some good Laws was notwithstanding in the Second year of his Reign besides the great Confiscations of divers of the Nobility and other great Men not refused an Aid or Imposition Queen Elizabeth Inheriting the Courage of her Father King Henry the Eighth and the Wisdom and Prudence of her