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divide_a way_n than_o former_o have_v be_v practise_v also_o the_o excellent_a law_n make_v by_o king_n ina_n king_n athelstan_n king_n edmund_n and_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n from_o who_o we_o have_v our_o common_a law_n and_o our_o privilege_n mention_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v all_o make_v by_o the_o persuasion_n and_o advice_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n name_v in_o our_o history_n 21._o that_o which_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edw._n 6._o make_v the_o great_a alteration_n and_o threaten_v most_o danger_n to_o the_o state_n ecclesiastical_a be_v the_o act_n entitle_v a_o act_n for_o election_n and_o what_o seal_n and_o styles_n shall_v be_v use_v by_o spiritual_a person_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n and_o not_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n that_o all_o their_o process_n and_o write_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o king_n name_v only_o 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repeal_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n leave_v the_o bishop_n to_o depend_v on_o their_o former_a claim_n and_o to_o act_v all_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n in_o their_o own_o name_n and_o under_o their_o own_o seal_n as_o in_o former_a time_n in_o which_o estate_n they_o have_v continue_v without_o any_o legal_a interruption_n from_o that_o time_n to_o this_o but_o say_v the_o same_o author_n in_o the_o first_o branch_n there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o what_o appear_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n for_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o aim_v at_o nothing_o but_o that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n for_o their_o preferment_n to_o those_o great_a and_o eminent_a place_n yet_o the_o true_a drift_n of_o the_o design_n be_v to_o make_v dean_n and_o chapter_n useless_a for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o thereby_o to_o prepare_v they_o for_o a_o dissolution_n for_o have_v nothing_o else_o be_v intend_v in_o it_o but_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n in_o his_o kingdom_n it_o have_v
present_v within_o four_o month_n next_o after_o the_o church_n become_v void_a but_o if_o the_o patronage_n be_v ecclesiastical_a then_o within_o six_o cap._n unico_fw-la de_fw-la jur_fw-la patronat_fw-la in_o 6._o concern_v appropriation_n of_o church_n appropriation_n the_o first_o thereof_o since_o the_o conquest_n appear_v to_o be_v that_o of_o feversham_n and_o middleton_n in_o kent_n an._n 1070._o grant_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n in_o canterbury_n in_o manner_n follow_v viz._n in_o nomine_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la deus_fw-la sva_fw-la gratia_fw-la mihi_fw-la largiri_fw-la est_fw-la dignatus_fw-la quaedam_fw-la concedo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la s._n augustini_fw-la anglorum_fw-la apostoli_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la salute_n animae_fw-la meae_fw-la &_o parentum_fw-la meorum_fw-la predecessorum_fw-la &_o successorum_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o decimae_fw-la duarum_fw-la mansionum_fw-la viz._n feversham_n &_o middleton_n ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la redditibus_fw-la qui_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o omnibus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la appendentibus_fw-la terra_fw-la sylva_fw-la pratis_fw-la &_o aqua_fw-la etc._n etc._n haec_fw-la omne_fw-la ex_fw-la integro_fw-la concedo_fw-la s._n augustino_n &_o abbati_n &_o fratribus_fw-la ut_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la possideant_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o and_o ratify_v by_o theobald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n together_o with_o a_o establishment_n and_o ordination_n of_o a_o vicarage_n by_o the_o say_v archiepiscopal_a authority_n in_o each_o of_o the_o say_a church_n respective_o the_o like_v you_o have_v for_o the_o appropriate_a of_o three_o other_o church_n to_o the_o same_o abbey_n viz._n of_o wyvelsberg_n stone_n and_o brocland_n in_o kent_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o ed._n 3._o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n since_o confirm_v by_o pope_n clement_n bull_n and_o ratify_v by_o simon_n mepham_n then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o his_o establishment_n of_o three_o perpetual_a vicarage_n to_o the_o say_a church_n which_o charter_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n viz._n nos_fw-la de_fw-la gratia_fw-la nostra_fw-la speciali_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la c._n libris_fw-la quas_fw-la praefati_fw-la abbas_n &_o conventus_fw-la nobis_fw-la solvent_a etc._n etc._n concessimus_fw-la &_o licentiam_fw-la dedimus_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quantum_fw-la in_o nobis_fw-la est_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o conventui_fw-la cant._n quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la praedictas_fw-la appropriare_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la sic_fw-la appropriatas_fw-la in_o proprios_fw-la usus_fw-la tenere_fw-la possint_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la nos_fw-la tempore_fw-la vacationis_fw-la abbatiae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la si_fw-la contigerit_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la praedictas_fw-la vel_fw-la aliquam_fw-la earundem_fw-la tunc_fw-la vacare_fw-la nos_fw-la jus_fw-la praesentandi_fw-la ad_fw-la easdem_fw-la amitteremus_fw-la sine_fw-la occasione_n vel_fw-la impedimento_fw-la nostri_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la huius_fw-la data_fw-la est_fw-la sub_fw-la an._n do._n 1349._o the_o modern_a church-historian_n of_o britain_n in_o his_o eleven_o book_n pag._n 136._o call_v to_o remembrance_n that_o about_o an._n 1626._o there_o be_v certain_a feoffee_n a_o whole_a dozen_o of_o they_o though_o not_o incorporate_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n or_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o legal_o he_o say_v settle_v in_o trust_n to_o purchase_v in_o impropriation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v incredible_a how_o then_o possible_a to_o be_v believe_v what_o large_a sum_n be_v advance_v in_o a_o short_a time_n towards_o that_o work_n but_o then_o withal_o tell_v we_o somewhat_o that_o be_v credible_a viz._n that_o there_o be_v 9284_o parochial_a church_n in_o england_n endow_v with_o glebe_n and_o tithe_n but_o of_o these_o when_o the_o say_v feoffee_n enter_v on_o their_o work_n 3845_o be_v either_o appropriate_v to_o bishop_n cathedral_n and_o college_n or_o impropriate_v as_o lay-fee_n to_o private_a person_n as_o former_o belong_v to_o abbey_n the_o redeem_v and_o restore_a he_o do_v not_o mean_a to_o the_o abbey_n be_v the_o design_n of_o these_o feoffee_n as_o to_o those_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o private_a person_n but_o re_fw-mi infecta_fw-la the_o design_n prove_v abortive_a a_o commendam_fw-la or_o ecclesia_fw-la commendata_fw-la commendam_n so_o call_v in_o contradistinction_n to_o ecclesia_fw-la titulata_n be_v that_o church_n which_o for_o the_o custodial_a charge_n and_o government_n thereof_o be_v by_o a_o revocable_a collation_n concredit_v with_o some_o ecclesiastical_a person_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o trustee_n vel_fw-la tanquam_fw-la fidei_fw-la commissarius_fw-la and_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o for_o some_o certain_a time_n absque_fw-la titulo_fw-la for_o he_o that_o be_v titular_o endow_v have_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o in_o his_o own_o proper_a right_n during_o his_o life_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n a_o church_n collate_v in_o commendam_fw-la and_o a_o church_n bestow_v in_o titulum_fw-la be_v ever_o oppose_v as_o contrary_n vid._n hist_o council_n trident._n lib._n 6._o pag._n 600._o &_o duaren_n de_fw-fr benefic_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 7._o thus_o king_n edgar_n collate_v dunstan_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o london_n by_o way_n of_o commendam_fw-la rex_fw-la edgarus_n say_v radulph_n de_fw-fr diceto_fw-la in_o his_o abbreviat_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la lundoniensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la proprio_fw-la pastore_n viduatam_fw-la commisit_fw-la regendam_fw-la dunstano_fw-la wigornensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la dunstanus_fw-la lundoniensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la commendatam_fw-la habuit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la titulatam_fw-la dict_z radulph_n de_fw-fr an._n 962._o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o patent_n of_o a_o commendam_fw-la retinere_fw-la grant_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n to_o any_o bishop_n elect_v be_v that_o which_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o pope_n commendam_n then_o grow_v very_o common_a grant_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o wengham_n then_o chancellor_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o his_o insufficiency_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o divinity_n to_o hold_v and_o retain_v all_o his_o former_a ecclesiastical_a dignity_n and_o benefice_n whereof_o the_o king_n be_v patron_n together_o with_o his_o bishopric_n he_o then_o succeed_v fulco_n bishop_n of_o london_n for_o so_o long_a time_n as_o the_o pope_n shall_v please_v to_o grant_v he_o a_o dispensation_n who_o dispensation_n alone_o will_v not_o bar_v the_o king_n to_o present_v to_o those_o dignity_n and_o benefice_n be_v all_o void_a in_o law_n by_o make_v he_o a_o bishop_n he_o have_v also_o the_o like_a patent_n of_o commendam_fw-la retinere_fw-la as_o to_o his_o benefice_n and_o ecclesiastical_a preferment_n in_o ireland_n and_o this_o patent_n of_o such_o a_o commendam_fw-la be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n his_o lord_n and_o judge_n be_v for_o that_o reason_n the_o more_o remarkable_a vid._n le_fw-fr hist._n of_o the_o church_n of_o great_a britain_n pag._n 84._o according_a to_o the_o proper_a and_o ancient_a account_n commendam_n be_v original_o introduce_v in_o favour_n and_o for_o advantage_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v commend_v in_o favorem_fw-la &_o utilitatem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quae_fw-la commendatur_fw-la imola_n in_o ca._n nemo_n de_fw-fr elect._n in_o 6._o say_v that_o commendam_n be_v not_o to_o be_v nisi_fw-la ex_fw-la evidenti_fw-la 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council_n for_o all_o wales_n at_o tyquin_n which_o be_v whole_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n this_o council_n be_v hold_v when_o dun_v in_o be_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o who_o time_n there_o be_v two_o other_o council_n convene_v the_o one_o at_o cartlage_n in_o cambridgshire_n the_o other_o at_o caln_v in_o wiltshire_n after_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n convene_v a_o council_n of_o his_o bishop_n at_o winchester_n wherein_o himself_o be_v personal_o present_a with_o two_o cardinal_n send_v from_o rome_n in_o this_o council_n stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v depose_v and_o lâ—â—frank_a a_o lombard_n substitute_v in_o his_o room_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n summon_v a_o council_n at_o westminster_n which_o excommunicate_v all_o marry_a priest_n half_o the_o clergy_n at_o that_o time_n be_v marry_v or_o the_o son_n of_o marry_a priest_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n 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under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o a_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o oxford_n under_o stephen_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n wherein_o many_o constitution_n be_v make_v as_o against_o excess_n of_o demand_n for_o procuration_n in_o visitation_n against_o plurality_n nonresidence_n and_o other_o abuse_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n hold_v a_o council_n at_o lambeth_n with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la some_o account_n whereof_o walsingham_n give_v we_o in_o these_o word_n viz._n frater_fw-la johannes_n peckham_n cantuariensis_n archiepiscopus_fw-la ne_fw-la nihil_fw-la fecisse_fw-la videretur_fw-la convocat_n concilium_fw-la apud_fw-la lambeth_n in_o quo_fw-la non_fw-la evangelii_n regni_fw-la dei_fw-la praedicationem_fw-la imposuit_fw-la sed_fw-la constitutiones_fw-la othonis_n &_o ottobonis_n quondam_a legatorum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it innovans_fw-la jussit_fw-la eas_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la seruari_fw-la etc._n etc._n walse_v in_o ed._n 1._o he_o then_o make_v sixteen_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o provincial_a constitution_n after_o this_o he_o summon_v another_o council_n of_o his_o clergy_n at_o read_v wherein_o he_o propound_v the_o draw_v of_o all_o cause_n concern_v advowsons_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o prohibition_n from_o the_o temporal_a court_n in_o personal_a cause_n but_o upon_o the_o king_n express_a command_n to_o desist_v from_o it_o this_o council_n be_v dissolve_v parker_n de_fw-fr antiq._n eccles_n anglic._n foe_n 205._o a_o 1290._o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o thomas_n arundel_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n convene_v a_o synod_n at_o st._n paul_n church_n lond._n wherein_o the_o king_n join_v with_o they_o in_o punish_v all_o opposer_n of_o the_o religion_n receive_v trussel_n de_fw-fr vita_fw-la h._n 4._o under_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o a_o universal_a synod_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v call_v at_o london_n where_o it_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o day_n of_o st._n george_n and_o also_o of_o st._n dunstan_n shall_v be_v a_o double_a feast_n in_o holy_a church_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n be_v a_o convocation_n hold_v at_o london_n convene_v by_o henry_n chichley_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n wherein_o be_v severe_a constitution_n make_v against_o the_o lollard_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o a_o synod_n be_v hold_v at_o london_n by_o john_n morton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o redress_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o london_n clergy_n in_o apparel_n and_o frequent_v of_o tavern_n we_o have_v almost_o omit_v the_o synod_n in_o england_n an._n 1391._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o simon_n sudbury_n then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o which_o synod_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o whosoever_o appeal_v to_o rome_n beside_o excommunication_n shall_v lose_v all_o his_o good_n and_o be_v imprison_v during_o his_o life_n vid._n hist_o of_o the_o church_n of_o great_a britain_n p._n 117._o a_o modern_a and_o ingenious_a yet_o unfortunate_a author_n well_o observe_v a_o fourfold_a difference_n or_o distinction_n of_o synod_n or_o convocation_n in_o this_o realm_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o their_o meeting_n and_o degree_n of_o their_o power_n the_o first_o he_o state_n in_o point_n of_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n the_o second_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n the_o three_o after_o that_o statute_n but_o before_o another_o make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n h._n 8._o the_o four_o after_o the_o 25_o of_o the_o say_v king_n 1_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o pope_n power_n prevail_v not_o over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v then_o ever_o present_v personal_o or_o virtual_o at_o all_o council_n wherein_o matter_n both_o of_o church_n and_o state_n be_v debate_v and_o conclude_v 118._o communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n episcoporum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la populorumque_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 2_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n the_o archbishop_n use_v upon_o all_o emergent_a case_n toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la at_o their_o own_o discretion_n to_o assemble_v the_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n where_o they_o please_v continue_v and_o dissolve_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o then_o do_v without_o any_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n who_o canon_n and_o constitution_n without_o any_o further_a ratifification_n be_v in_o that_o age_n obligatory_a to_o all_o subject_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n such_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o the_o synod_n from_o lanfranck_n to_o thomas_n arundel_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o which_o arundel_n time_n the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n be_v enact_v 3_o after_o which_o statute_n which_o much_o restrain_v the_o papal_a power_n and_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o archbishop_n call_v no_o more_o convocation_n by_o their_o sole_a and_o absolute_a command_n but_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n by_o who_o writ_n and_o precept_n only_o they_o be_v now_o and_o henceforth_o summon_v of_o this_o three_o sort_n of_o convocation_n be_v all_o those_o keep_v by_o and_o from_o thomas_n arundel_n unto_o thomas_n cranmer_n or_o from_o the_o 16_o of_o r._n 2._o unto_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n h._n 8._o these_o convocation_n also_o do_v make_v canon_n as_o in_o lindwoods_n constitution_n which_o be_v obligatory_a although_o confirm_v by_o no_o other_o authority_n than_o what_o be_v mere_o synodical_a 4_o the_o last_o sort_n of_o convocation_n since_o the_o say_a statute_n call_v the_o 25_o of_o king_n h._n 8._o that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v allege_v claim_v or_o put_v in_o ure_n any_o constitution_n or_o ordinance_n provincial_a or_o synodal_n or_o any_o â—â—her_n canon_n constitution_n or_o ordinance_n provincial_a by_o
simony_n and_o the_o error_n of_o the_o nicholaitan_n whereof_o they_o count_v such_o priest_n guilty_a as_o have_v marry_v wife_n though_o they_o do_v not_o as_o the_o nicholaitan_n make_v they_o common_a at_o mantua_n 1066._o an._n 1066._o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o assemble_v a_o council_n for_o pacify_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n between_o alexander_n the_o second_o and_o candalus_n call_v honorius_n the_o second_o wherein_o alexander_n be_v declare_v pope_n and_o candalus_n pardon_v at_o winchester_n pope_n alexander_n the_o second_o by_o two_o cardinal_n send_v into_o england_n winchester_n assemble_v a_o council_n to_o appease_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n wherein_o they_o depose_v certain_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n among_o who_o stigandus_fw-la bishop_n of_o canterbury_n because_o he_o have_v possess_v that_o chair_n robert_n archbishop_n thereof_o be_v then_o alive_a and_o because_o he_o possess_v another_o bishopric_n with_o it_o viz._n the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n at_o friburgh_n ancient_o call_v tributia_n the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n assemble_v themselves_o in_o a_o council_n tribuâ—ia_n in_o which_o they_o declare_v the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n to_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n except_o he_o deliver_v up_o the_o young_a emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o to_o be_v educate_v according_a to_o the_o covenant_n make_v between_o the_o prince_n and_o bishop_n of_o germany_n during_o his_o minority_n at_o mentz_n 1069._o an._n 1069._o a_o council_n be_v assemble_v in_o order_n to_o a_o divorce_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n 4._o from_o his_o wife_n from_o which_o he_o be_v dissuade_v by_o the_o argument_n of_o petrus_n damianus_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n at_o erfurd_n 1074._o an._n 1074._o the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n assemble_v a_o council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o observance_n of_o a_o command_n from_o pope_n gregory_n 7_o the_o touch_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o priest_n within_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mentz_n from_o their_o wife_n or_o else_o to_o depose_v they_o from_o their_o office_n by_o reason_n whereof_o as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bishop_n exaction_n of_o tithe_n from_o turingia_n this_o council_n rise_v in_o a_o tumult_n and_o great_a confusion_n re_fw-mi infecta_fw-la at_o mentz_n 1075._o an._n 1075._o the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v command_v by_o pope_n gregory_n 7_o the_o to_o separate_v the_o priest_n from_o their_o wife_n convene_v a_o synod_n but_o the_o marry_a priest_n so_o terrify_v the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o chur_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n that_o this_o council_n also_o as_o the_o former_a be_v dissolve_v and_o nothing_o do_v at_o worm_n the_o emperor_n assemble_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o kingdom_n in_o order_n to_o a_o depose_n of_o pope_n gregory_n 7_o the_o worm_n otherwise_o call_v hildebrand_n accuse_v of_o perjury_n ambition_n avarice_n and_o pride_n the_o determination_n of_o this_o council_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o popedom_n which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n present_a at_o the_o council_n at_o friburgh_n 1076._o an._n 1076._o another_o council_n be_v assemble_v wherein_o the_o prince_n of_o saxony_n and_o sweve_v appear_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o at_o rome_n by_o order_n of_o the_o pope_n a_o council_n be_v assemble_v in_o lent_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n henry_n 4_o the_o be_v not_o only_o anathematise_v rome_n but_o also_o denude_v as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lay_v of_o his_o imperial_a dignity_n at_o brixia_n in_o the_o year_n 1080._o 1080._o the_o emperor_n henry_n 4_o the_o assemble_v 30_o bishop_n of_o germany_n and_o italy_n together_o with_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o which_o consent_v that_o hildebrand_n shall_v be_v depose_v from_o the_o popedom_n and_o gilbertus_n bishop_n of_o ravenna_n place_v in_o his_o room_n at_o rome_n 1081._o an._n 1081._o the_o emperor_n henry_n 4_o the_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n appoint_v a_o council_n to_o be_v assemble_v wherein_o hildebrand_n be_v depose_v and_o gilbertus_n otherwise_o wigbertus_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o papacy_n this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o the_o say_a emperor_n soon_o after_o he_o have_v besiege_v and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n at_o beneventum_n a_o council_n be_v assemble_v by_o pope_n victor_n the_o three_o beneventum_n who_o before_o his_o election_n to_o the_o papacy_n be_v name_v desiderius_n abbot_n in_o cassinate_n choose_v by_o the_o roman_n not_o regard_v gilbertus_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v make_v pope_n in_o this_o council_n victor_n the_o three_o anathematise_v gilbertus_n bishop_n of_o ravenna_n at_o clermont_n in_o overnie_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1095._o 1095._o vrbanus_n the_o second_o convene_v a_o great_a assembly_n wherein_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v be_v raise_v for_o support_v of_o the_o distress_a christian_n in_o jerusalem_n and_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n the_o which_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o placentia_n and_o other_o council_n of_o the_o lesser_a concern_v here_o omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n in_o the_o next_o viz._n the_o 12_o the_o century_n there_o be_v above_o 115_o council_n to_o instance_n in_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o may_v suffice_v for_o this_o abridgement_n at_o paris_n vrbanus_n the_o second_o century_n at_o the_o complaint_n of_o alexius_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n against_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o turk_n assemble_v a_o council_n of_o most_o nation_n and_o be_v present_v himself_o thereat_o in_o this_o council_n be_v appoint_v 100000_o man_n out_o of_o the_o western_a kingdom_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o florence_n pope_n paschalis_n the_o second_o convene_v a_o council_n 1110._o wherein_o the_o bishop_n of_o florence_n be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o preach_v open_o that_o antichrist_n be_v already_o come_v for_o which_o he_o be_v sharp_o rebuke_v and_o command_v that_o for_o time_n to_o come_v he_o shall_v utter_v no_o such_o doctrine_n at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1102._o 1102._o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 1._o king_n of_o england_n anselmus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n assemble_v a_o council_n for_o prohibit_v the_o marriage_n of_o priest_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v be_v constrain_v to_o convene_v another_o council_n at_o st._n paul_n in_o london_n to_o make_v constitution_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o defile_v themselves_o with_o sodomitical_a lust_n at_o mentz_n 1106._o an._n 1106._o a_o great_a council_n be_v assemble_v against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n 4._o who_o they_o condemn_v of_o heresy_n which_o be_v simony_n because_o he_o will_v not_o resign_v the_o right_n of_o investure_n of_o bishop_n into_o the_o pope_n hand_n and_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o take_v off_o his_o imperial_a crown_n at_o troy_n in_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1107._o 1107._o pope_n paschalis_n the_o second_o convene_v a_o council_n which_o treat_v concern_v the_o investure_n of_o bishop_n not_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o lay-person_n at_o triburia_n in_o friburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1119._o 1119._o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n assemble_v concern_v the_o investure_n of_o bishop_n and_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o at_o senon_n a_o council_n be_v call_v against_o abelardus_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o heresy_n senon_n he_o be_v also_o account_v a_o heretic_n in_o the_o council_n of_o soâ—sson_n the_o first_o four_o lateran_n council_n be_v comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o title_n 1123._o as_o more_o favour_v the_o roman_a dissension_n than_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n the_o first_o under_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o calixtus_n the_o second_o which_o have_v 300_o or_o according_a to_o bellarmine_n 900_o bishop_n and_o 22_o canon_n in_o this_o council_n burdinus_n the_o antipope_n be_v lay_v aside_o the_o vesture_n with_o the_o ring_n and_o staff_n be_v take_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o give_v to_o the_o pope_n who_o absolve_v the_o emperor_n and_o give_v he_o power_n of_o elect_a german_a bishop_n in_o this_o council_n there_o be_v appoint_v cross_n for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d war_n by_o mean_n whereof_o pardon_n of_o sin_n may_v be_v grant_n 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o undertake_v that_o war_n and_o to_o their_o family_n the_o second_o lateran_n council_n be_v under_o lotharius_n the_o emperor_n 1131._o and_o innocentius_n the_o second_o which_o increase_v to_o the_o number_n of_o about_o 2000_o bishop_n this_o council_n omit_v thirty_o canon_n late_o publish_v by_o gratian_n from_o the_o vatican_n library_n which_o bellarmine_n be_v say_v to_o reject_v it_o discharge_v peter_n usurp_v the_o roman_a see_v after_o leo_n under_o the_o name_n of_o anacletus_fw-la the_o second_o brand_v for_o heretic_n peter_n of_o