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england_n	henry_n	king_n	lord_n	23,977	5	4.2438	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42668	The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...; Historie of foure-footed beasts	Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?; Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625? Historie of serpents.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 1. English.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 5. English.; Moffett, Thomas, 1553-1604. Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum. English.; Rowland, John, M.D.	1658 (1658)	Wing G624; ESTC R6249	1,956,367	1,026

undamnified and prevent each perillous tempest by preparing speedy flight or else by swift pursuite made upon their enemies might both overtake them encounter with them and make a slaughter of them accordingly But if it fortune so at any time that this Dog take a wrong way the Master making some usual signe and familiar token he returneth forthwith and taketh the right and ready race beginning his chase afresh and with a clear voice and a swift foot followeth the game with as much courage and nimbleness as he did at the first Of the DOG called the GRAY-HOUND in Latin Leporarius WE have another kinde of Dog which for his incredible swiftness is called Leporarius a Gray-hound because the principal service of them dependeth and consisteth in starting and hunting the Hare which Dogs likewise are indued with no lesse strength then lightness in maintenance of the game in serving the chase in taking the Buck the Hart the Doe the Fox and other beasts of semblable kinde ordained for the game of hunting But more or lesse each one according to the measure and proportion of their desire and as might and hability of their bodies will permit and suffer For it is a spare and bare kind of Dog of flesh but not of bone some are of a greater sort and some of a lesser some are smooth skinned and some are curled the bigger therefore are appointed to hunt the bigger beasts and the smaller serve to hunt the smaller accordingly The nature of the Dogs I finde to be wonderful by the testimony of all Histories For as John Froisart the Historiographer in his 4 lib. reporteth A Gray-hound of King Richard the second that wore the Crown and bare the Scepter of the Realm of England never knowing any man besides the Kings person when Henry Duke of Lancaster came to the Castle of Flint to take King Richard the Dog forsaking his former Lord and Master came to Duke Henry fauned upon him with such resemblances of good will and conceived affection as he favoured King Richard before he followed the Duke and utterly left the King So that by these manifold circumstances a man might judge his Dog to have been lightened with the lamp of foreknowledge and understanding touching his old Masters miseries to come and unhappiness nigh at hand which King Richard himself evidently perceived accounting this deed of his Dog a Prophecy of his overthrow Of the DOG called the LEVINER or LYEMMER in Latin Lorarius ANother sort of Dogs be there in smelling singular and in swiftness incomparable This is as it were a middle kinde betwixt the Harier and the Gray-hound as well for his kind as for the frame of his body And it is called in Latin Levinarius a Levitate of lightness and therefore may well be called a Light-hound it is also called by this word Lorarius a Loro wherewith it is led This Dog for the excellency of his conditions namely smelling and swift running doth follow the game with more eagerness and taketh the prey with a jolly quickness Of the DOG called a TUMBLER in Latin Vertagus THis sort of Dogs which compasseth all by crafts fraudes and subtilties and deceits we Englishmen call Tumblers because in hunting they turn and tumble winding their bodies about in circle wise and then fiercely and violently venturing upon the beast doth suddenly gripe it at the very entrance and mouth of their receptacles or closets before they can recover means to save and succour themselves This Dog useth another craft and subtilty namely when he runneth into a Warren or fetcheth a course about a Conyburrough he hunts not after them he frayes them not by barking he makes no countenance or shadow of hatred against them but dissembling friendship and pretending favour passeth by with silence and quietness marking and noting their holes diligently wherein I warrant you he will not be overshot nor deceived When he cometh to the place where Conies be of a certainty he cowcheth down close with his belly to the ground provided alwayes by his skill and policy that the winde be never with him but against him in such an enterprise and that the Conies spy him not where he lurketh By which means he obtaineth the scent and savour of the Conies carryed towards him with the winde and the air either going to their holes or coming out either passing this way or running that way and so provideth by his circumspection that the silly simple Cony is debarred quite from his hole which is the haven of their hope and the harbour of their health and fraudulently circumvented and taken before they can get the advantage of their hole Thus having caught his prey he carryeth it speedily to his Master waiting his Dogs return in some convenient lurking corner These Dogs are somewhat lesser then the Hounds and they be lancker and leaner beside that they be somewhat prick eared A man that shall marke the form and fashion of their bodies may well call them mungrel Gray-hounds if they were somewhat bigger But notwithstanding they countervail not the Grey-hound in greatness yet will he take in one dayes space as many Conies as shall arise to as big a burthen and as heavie a load as a horse can carry sor deceit and guile is the instrument whereby he maketh this spoil which pernicious properties supply the places of more commendable qualities Of the DOG called the THEEVISH DOG in Latin Canis furax THe like to that whom we have rehearsed is the Theevish Dog which at the mandate and bidding of his Master fleereth and leereth abroad in the night hunting Conies by the air which is sevened with the savour and conveied to the sense of smelling by the means of the winde blowing towards him During all which space of his hunting he will not bark lest he should be prejudicial to his own advantage And thus watcheth and snatcheth up in course as many Conies as his Master will suffer him and beareth them to his Masters standing The Farmers of the Countrey and uplandish dwellers call this kind of Dog a Night Cur because he hunteth in the dark But let thus much seem sufficient for Dogs which serve the game and disport of hunting Of Gentle DOGS serving the Hawk and first of the SPANIEL called in Latin Hispaniolus SUch Dogs as serve for fowling I think convenient and requisite to place in the second Section of this treatise These are also to be reckoned and accounted in the number of the Dogs which come of a gentle kind and of those which serve for fowling there be two sorts the first findeth game on the land the other findeth game on the water Such as delight on the land play their parts either by swiftness of foot or by often questing to search out and to spring the bird for further hope of advantage or else by some secret sign and privy token bewray the place where they fall The first kind of such serve the Hawk the second the net

there have been divers brought over from beyond the Seas for greediness of gain and to make money for gazing and gaping staring and standing to see them being a strange beast rare and seldom seen in England But to return to our Shepherds Dog This Dog either at the hearing of his Masters voice or at the wagging and whistling in his fist or at his shrill and hoarse hissing bringeth the wandering weathers and straying Sheep into the self same place where his Masters will and wish is to have them whereby the Shepherd reapeth this benefit namely that with little labour and no toilor moving of his feet he may rule and guide his flock according to his own desire either to have them go forward or to stand still or to draw backward or to turn this way or take that way For it is not in England as it is in France as it is in Flanders as it is in Syria as it is in Tartaria where the Sheep follow the Shepherd for here in our Countrey the Shepherd followeth the Sheep And sometimes the straying Sheep when no Dog runneth before them nor goeth about and beside them gather themselves together in a flock when they hear the Shepherd whistle in his fist for fear of the Dog as I imagine remembring this if unreasonable creatures may be reported to have memory that the Dog commonly runneth out at his Masters warrant which is his whistle This have we oftentimes diligently marked in taking our journey from Town to Town when we have heard a Shepherd whistle we have rained in our horse and stood still a space to see the proof and tryall of this matter Furthermore with this Dog doth the Shepherd take Sheep for the slaughter and to be healed if they be sick no hurt or harm in the world done to the simple creature Of the MASTIVE or BANDOG called in Latin Villaticus or Catenarius THis kind of Dog called a Mastive or Bandog is vast huge stubborn ugly and eager of a heavie and bourthenous body and therefore but of little swiftness terrible and frightful to behold and more fierce and fell then any Arcadian cur notwithstanding they are said to have their generation of the violent Lion They are called Villatici because they are appointed to watch and keep farm-places and Countrey Cotages sequestred from common recourse and not abutting upon other houses by reason of distance when there is any fear conceived of Theeves Robbers Spoilers and Night-wanderers They are serviceable against the Fox and Badger to drive wilde and tame Swine out of Medowes Pastures Glebelands and places planted with fruit to bait and take the Bull by the ear when occasion so requireth One Dog or two at the utmost is sufficient for that purpose be the Bull never so monstrous never so fierce never so furious never so stern never so untamable For it is a kind of Dog capeable of courage violent and valiant striking cold fear into the hearts of men but standing in fear of no man in so much that no weapons will make him shrink nor abridge his boldness Our Englishmen to the intent that their Dogs might be more fell and fierce assist nature with art use and custom for they teach their Dogs to bait the Bear to bait the Bull and other such like cruell and bloudy Beasts appointing an over-seer of the game without any Collar to defend their throats and oftentimes they train them up in fighting and wrestling with any man having for the safegard of his life either a Pikestaffe a Club or a sword and by using them to such exercises as these their Dogs become more sturdy and strong The force which is in them surmounteth all belief the fast hold which they take with their teeth exceedeth all credit three of them against a Bear four against a Lion are sufficient both to trie masteries with them and utterly to overmatch them Which thing Henry the seventh of that name King of England a Prince both politick and warlike perceiving on a certain time as the report runneth commanded all such Dogs how many so ever were in number should be hanged being deeply displeased and conceiving great disdain that an ill favoured rascal Cut should with such violent villany assault the valiant Lion King of all beasts An example for all subjects worthy remembrance to admonish them that it is no advantage to them to rebell against the regiment of their Ruler but to keep them within the limits of loyalty I read an History answerable to this of the self same Henry who having a notable and an excellent fair Falcon it fortuned that the Kings Falconers in the presence and hearing of his grace higgly commended his Majesties Faulcon saying that it feared not to intermeddle with an Eagle it was so venturous a Bird and so mighty which when the King heard he charged that the Falcon should be killed without delay for the self same reason as it may seem which was rehearsed in the conclusion of the former history concerning the same king This Dog is called in like manner Catenarius a Catena of the chain wherewith he is tyed at the gates in the day time lest being loose he should do much mischief and yet might give occasion of fear and terror by his big barking And albeit Cicero in his Oration had pro S. Ross be of this opinion that sueh Dogs as bark in the broad day light should have their legs broken yet our Countrymen on this side the Seas for their carelesness of life setting all at cinque and sice are of a contrary judgement For Theeves rogue up and down in every corner no place is free from them no not the Princes palace nor the Countrymans cotage In the day time they practise pilfering picking open robbing and privie stealing and what legerdemain lack they not fearing the shameful and horrible death of hanging The cause of which inconvenience doth not only issue from nipping need and wringing want for all that steal are not pinched with poverty some steal to maintain their excessive and prodigal expences in apparel their lewdness of life their haughtiness of heart their wantonness of manners their wilful idleness their ambitious bravery and the pride of the sawcy Salacones me galorrounton vain glorious and arrogant in behaviour whose delight dependeth wholly to mount nimbly on horse-back to make them leap lustily spring and prance gallop and amble to run a race to winde in compass and so forth living altogether upon the fatness of the spoil Other some there be which steal being thereto provoked by penury and need like masterless men applying themselves to no honest trade but ranging up and down impudently begging and complaining of bodily weakness where is no want of ability But valiant Valentine the Emperor by wholesome lawes provided that such as having no corporal sickness sold themselves to begging pleaded poverty with pretended infirmity and cloaked their idle and slothful life with colourable shifts and cloudy cozening should

or train The first kind have no peculiar names assigned unto them save only that they be denominated after the bird which by natural appointment he is alotted to take for the which consideration some be called Dogs for the Falcon the Phesant the Partridge and such like The common sort of people call them by one general word namely Spaniels as though these kind of Dogs came originally and first of all out of Spain The most part of their skins are white and if they be marked with any spots they are commonly red and somewhat great therewithall the hairs not growing in such thickness but that the mixture of them may easily be perceived Othersome of them be reddish and blackish but of that sort there be but a very few There is also at this day among us a new kind of Dog brought out of France for we Englishmen are marvellous greedy gaping gluttons after novelties and covetous cormorants o● things that be seldom rare strange and hard to get and they be speckled all over with white and black which mingled colours incline to a marble blew which beautifieth their skins and affordeth 〈◊〉 seemly show of comeliness These are called French Dogs as is above declared already The DOG called the SETTER in Latin Index ANother sort of Dogs be there serviceable for fowling making no noise either with foot or with tongue whiles they follow the game These attend diligently upon their Master and frame their conditions to such becks motions and gestures as it shall please him to exhibite and make either going forward drawing backward it clining to the right hand or yeelding toward the left in making mention of fowles my meaning is of the Patridge and the Quail when he hath found the bird he keepeth sure and fast silence he stayeth his steps and will proceed no further and with a close covert watching eye layeth his belly to the ground and so creepeth forward like a worm When he approacheth neer to the place where the bird is he lies him down and with a mark of his pawes betrayeth the place of the birds last abode whereby it is supposed that this kind of Dog is called Index Setter being indeed a name most consonant and agreeable to his quality The place being known by the means of the Dog the fowler immediately openeth and spreadeth his net intending to take them which being done the Dog at the customed beck or usuall sign of his Master riseth up by and by and draweth neerer to the fowle that by his presence they might be the authors of their own insnaring and be ready intangled in the prepared net which cunning and artificial indevour in a Dog being a creature domestical or houshold servant brought up at home with offals of the trencher and fragments of victuals is not so much to be marvelled at seeing that a Hare being a wilde and skippish beast was seen in England to the astonishment of the beholders in the year of our Lord God 1564. not only dancing in measure but playing with his former feet upon a tabberet and observing just number of strokes as a practitioner in that art besides that nipping and pinching a Dog with his teeth and clawes and cruelly thumping him with the force of his feet This is no trumpery tale nor trifle toy as I imagine and therefore not unworthy to be reported for I reckon it a requital of my travell not to drown in the seas of silence any special thing wherein the providence and effectual working of nature is to be pondered Of the DOG called the WATER SPANIEL or FINDER in Latin Aquaticus seu Inquisitor THat kinde of Dog whose service is required in fowling upon the water partly through a natural towardness and partly by diligent teaching is indued with that property This sort is somewhat big and of a measurable greatness having long rough and curled hair not obtained by extraordinary trades but given by natures appointment yet nevertheless friend Gesner I have described and set him out in this manner namely powled and notted from the shoulders to the hindermost legs and to the end of his tail which I did for use and customs cause that being as it were made somewhat bare and naked by shearing off such superfluity of hair they might atchieve the more lightness and swiftness and be lesse hindered in swimming so troublesome and needless a burden being shaken off This kinde of Dog is properly called Aquaticus a Water Spaniel because be frequenteth and hath usual recourse to the water where all his game lyeth namely water fowls which are taken by the help and service of them in their kind And principally Ducks and Drakes whereupon he is likewise named a Dog for the Duck because in that quality he is excellent With these Dogs also we fetch out of the water such fowl as be stung to death by any venemous Worm we use them also to bring us our bolts and arrows out of the water missing our mark whereat we directed our levell which otherwise we should hardly recover and oftentimes they restore to us our shafts which we thought never to see touch or handle again after they were lost for which circumstances they are called Inquisitores searchers and finders Although the Duck otherwhiles notably deceiveth both the Dog and the Master by diving under the water and also by natural subtilty for if any man shall approach to the place where they build breed and sit the Hens go out of their nests offering themselves voluntarily to the hands as it were of such as draw neer their nests And a certain weakness of their wings pretended and infirmity of their feet dissembled they go slowly and so leasurely that to a mans thinking it were no masterie to take them By which deceitful trick they do as it were entise and allure men to follow them till they be drawn a long distance from their nests which being compassed by their provident cunning or cunning providence they cut off all inconveniences which might grow of their return by using many careful and curious caveats lest their often hunting bewray the place where the young ducklings be hatched Great therefore is their desire and earnest is their study to take heed not only to their brood but also to themselves For when they have an inkling that they are espied they hide themselves under turses or sedges wherewith they cover and shroud themselves so closely and so craftily that notwithstanding the place where they lurk be found and perfectly perceived there they will harbour without harm except the Water Spaniel by quick smelling discover their deceits Of the DOG called the FISHER in Latin Canis Piscator THe Dog called the Fisher whereof Hector Boetius writeth which seeketh for Fish by smelling among rocks and stones assuredly I know none of that kind in England neither have I received by report that there is any such albeit I have been diligent and busie in demanding the question as well

of Fishermen as also huntsmen in that behalf being careful and earnest to learn and understand of them if any such were except you hold opinion that the Beaver or Otter is a Fish as many have believed and according to their belief affirmed as the bird Pupine is thought to be a fish and so accounted But that kind of Dog which followeth the fish to apprehend and take it if there be any of that disposition and property whether they do this thing for the game of hunting or for the heat of hunger as other Dogs do which rather then they will be famished for want of food covet the carcases of carrion and putrified flesh When I am fully resolved and disburthened of this doubt I will send you certificate in writing In the mean season I am not ignorant of that both Aelianus and Aetius call the Beaver Kunapotamion a water Dog or a Dog-fish I know likewise thus much more that the Beaver doth participate this property with the Dog namely that when fishes be scarce they leave the water and range up and down the land making an insatiable slaughter of young Lambs untill their paunches be replenished and when they have fed themselves full of Flesh then return they to the water from whence they came But albeit so much be granted that this Bever is a Dog yet it is to be noted that we reckon it not in the beadrow of English Dogs as we have done the rest The sea Calfe in like manner which our Countrey men for brevity sake call a Seel other more largely name a Sea Veale maketh a spoil of fishes between rocks and banks but it is not accounted in the Catalogue or number of our English Dogs notwithstanding we call it by the name of a Sea-Dog or a Sea-Calf And thus much for our Dogs of the second sort called in Latin Aucupatorii serving to take fowl either by land or water Of the delicate neat and prety kind of DOGS called the SPANIEL GENTLE or the COMFORTER in Latin Melitaeus or Fotor THere is besides those which we have already delivered another sort of Gentle Dogs in this our English soil but exempted from the order of the residue the Dogs of this kind doth Callimachus call Melitaeos of the Island Melita in the sea of Sicily which at this day is named Malta an Island indeed famous and renowned with couragious and puissant Souldiers valiantly fighting under the banner of Christ their unconquerable Captain where this kind of Dogs had their principal beginning These Dogs are little prety proper and fine and sought for to satisfie the delicateness of dainty dames and wanton womens wils instruments of folly for them to play and dally withal to trifle away the treasure of time to withdraw their mindes from more commendable exercises and to content their corrupted concupiscences with vain disport a silly shift to shun irksome idleness These puppies the smaller they be the more pleasure they provoke as more meet playfellowes for minsing mistresses to bear in their bosomes to keep company withal in their Chambers to succour with sleep in bed and nourish with meat at bord to lay in their laps and lick their lips as they ride in their Waggons and good reason it should be so for courseness with fineness hath no fellowship but featness with neatness hath neighbourhood enough That plausible proverb verified upon a Tyrant namely that he loved his Sow better then his Son may well be applyed to these kind of people who delight more in Dogs that are deprived of all possibility of reason then they do in children that be capeable of wisdom and judgement But this abuse peradventure reigneth where there hath been long lack of issue or else where barrenness is the best blossom of beauty The virtue which remaineth in the SPANIEL GENTLE otherwise called the COMFORTER NOtwithstanding many make much of those prety puppies called Spaniels Gentle yet if the question were demanded what property in them they spie which should make them so acceptable and precious in their sight I doubt their answer would be long a coining But seeing it was our intent to travail in this treatise so that the Reader might reap some benefit by his reading we will communicate unto such conjectures as are grounded upon reason And though some suppose that such Dogs are fit for no service I dare say by their leaves they be in a wrong box Among all other qualities therefore of nature which be known for some conditions are covered with continual and thick clouds that the eye of our capacities cannot pierce through them we finde that these little Dogs are good to asswage the sickness of the stomach being oftentimes thereunto applyed as a plaister preservative or born in the bosom of the diseased and weak person which effect is performed by their moderate heat Moreover the disease and sickness changeth his place and entreth though it be not precisely marked into the Dog which to be truth experience can testifie for these kinde of Dogs sometimes fall sick and sometimes die without any harme outwardly inforced which is an argument that the disease of the Gentleman or Gentlewoman or owner whatsoever entreth into the Dog by the operation of heat intermingled and infected And thus have I hitherto handled Dogs of a gentle kind whom I have comprehended in a triple division Now it remaineth that I annex in due order such Dogs as be of a more homely kinde Dogs of a course kinde serving many necessary uses called in Latin Canes rustici and first of the Shepherds Dog called in Latin Canis Pastoralis THe first kinde namely the Shepherds hound is very necessary and profitable for the avoiding of harmes and inconveniences which may come to men by the means of beasts The second sort serve for succour against the snares and attempts of mischievous men Our Shepherds Dog is not huge vast and big but of an indifferent stature and growth because it hath not to deal with the bloudthirsty Wolfe sithence there be none in England which happy and fortunate benefit is to be ascribed to the puissant Prince Edgar who to the intent that the whole Countrey might be evacuated and quite cleared from Wolves charged and commanded the Welshmen who were pestered with these butcherly beasts above measure to pay him yearly tribute note the wisdom of the King three hundred Wolves Some there be which write that Ludwal Prince of Wales paid yearly to King Edgar three hundred Wolves in the name of an exaction as we have said before And that by the means hereof within the compass and term of four years none of those noisom and pestilent beasts were left in the coasts of England and Wales This Edgar wore the Crown royal and bare the Scepter imperial of this Kingdom about the year of our Lord Nine hundred fifty nine Since which time we read that no Wolf hath been seen in England bred within the bounds and borders of this Countrey marry

the fiery heat of their flesh or rather the pricking thorn or most of all the tickling lust of lechery beareth such swing and sway in them that there is no contrariety for the time but of constraint they must joyn to engender And why should not this be consonant to truth why should not these Beasts breed in this land as well as in other forein Nations For we read that Tygers and Dogs in Hircania that Lyons and Dogs in Arcadia and that Wolves and Dogs in Francia couple and procreate In men and women also lightned with the Lantern of reason but utterly void of vertue that foolish frantick and fleshly action yet naturally seated in us worketh so effectually that many times it doth reconcile enemies set foes at friendship unanimity and atonement as Moria mentioneth The Vrcane which is bred of a Bear and a Dog Is fierce is fell is stout and strong And biteth sore to flesh and bone His furious force indureth long In rage he will be rul'd of none That I may use the words of the Poet Gratius This Dog exceedeth all other in cruel conditions his leering and fleering looks his stern and savage visage maketh him in sight fearful and terrible He is violent in fighting and wheresoever he set his tenterhook teeth he taketh such sure and fast hold that a man may sooner tear and rend him asunder then loose him and separate his chaps He passeth not for the Wolf the Bear the Lyon nor the Bull and may worthily as I think be companion with Alexanders Dog which came out of India But of these thus much and thus far may seem sufficient A start to Out-landish DOGS in this conclusion not impertinent to the Authors purpose USe and custome hath entertained others Dogs of an Out-landish kinde but a few and the same being of a pretty bigness I mean Island Dogs curled and rough all over which by reason of the length of their hair make shew neither of face nor of body And yet these Curs forsooth because they are so strange are greatly set by esteemed taken up and many times in the room of the Spaniel gentle or comforter The nature of men is so moved nay rather maryed to novelties without all reason wit judgement or perseverance Eromen allotrias paroromen suggeneis Out-landish toys we take with delight Things of our own Nation we have in despight Which fault remaineth not in us concerning Dogs only but for Artificers also And why it is manifest that we disdain and contemn our own Work-men be they never so skilful be they never so cunning be they never so excellent A beggerly Beast brought out of barbarous borders from the uttermost Countreys Northward c. we stare at we gaze at we muse we marvail at like an Ass of Cumanum like Thales with the brazen shanks like the man in the Moon The which default Hippocrates marked when he was alive as evidently appeareth in the beginning of his Book Peri Agmon so entituled and named And we in our work entituled De Ephemera Britannica to the people of England have more plentifully expressed In this kinde look which is most blockish and yet most waspish the same is most esteemed and not among Citizens only and jolly Gentlemen but among lusty Lords also and Noblemen Further I am not to wade in the foord of this discourse because it was my purpose to satisfie your expectation with a short treatise most learned Conrade not wearisome for me to write nor tedious for you to peruse Among other things which you have received at my hands heretofore I remember that I wrote a several description of the Getulian Dog because there are but a few of them and therefore very seldom seen As touching Dogs of other kindes you your self have taken earnest pain in writing of them both lively learnedly and largely But because we have drawn this libel more at length then the former which I sent you and yet briefer then the nature of the thing might well bear regarding your most earnest and necessary studies I will conclude making a rehearsal notwithstanding for memory sake of certain specialities contained in the whole body of this my breviary And because you participate principal pleasure in the knowledge of the common and usual names of Dogs as I gather by the course of your letters I suppose it not amiss to deliver unto you a short table containing as well the Latine as the English names and to render a reason of every particular appellation to the intent that no scruple may remain in this point but that every thing may be sifted to the bare bottom A Supplement or Addition containing a demonstration of DOGS Names how they had their Original THe names contained in the general Table forsomuch as they signifie nothing to you being a stranger and ignorant of the English tongue except they be interpreted as we have given a reason before of the Latine words so mean we to do no less of the English that every thing may be manifest unto your understanding Wherein I intend to observe the same order which I have followed before Sagax in English Hund is derived of our English word hunt One letter changed in another namely T into D as Hunt Hund whom if you conjecture to be so named of your Countrey word Hund which signifieth the general name Dog because of the similitude and likeness of the words I will not stand in contradiction friend Gesner for somuch as we retain among us at this day many Dutch words which the Saxons left at such time as they enjoyed this Countrey of Britain Thus much also understand that as in your language Hand is the common word so in our natural tongue Dog is the universal but Hund is particular and a special for it signifieth such a Dog only as serveth to hunt and therefore it is called a Hund. Of the Gase-hound The Gase-hound called in Latine Agasaeus hath his name of the sharpness and stedfastness of his eye-sight By which vertue he compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attain As we have made former relation for to gase is earnestly to view and behold from whence floweth the derivation of this Dogs name Of the Gray-hound The Gray-hound called Leporarius hath his name of this word Gre which word soundeth Gradus in Latine in English Degree Because among all Dogs these are the most principal having the chiefest place and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle kinde of Hounds Of the Levyner or the Lyemmer This Dog is called a Levyner for his lightness which in Latine soundeth Levitas Or a Lyemmer which word is borrowed of Lyemme which the Latinists name Lorum and wherefore we call him a Levyner of this word Levitas as we do many things besides why we derive and draw a thousand of our terms out of the Greek the Latine the Italian the Dutch the French and the Spanish tongue Out of which Fountains indeed they had their