man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that first built Cities and Temples and was the first King on Earth Others of them tell of Lycosura r Pausan. lib. 8. in Arcadie to be the first Citie erected vnder heauen Nay some of later s Constant Manasses in Annalibus times and Christians haue translated the title of the first Monarchie into Egypt as if they had not read holy Writ but rather followed t Trogus hist. 1. them which tell vs that Uexoris King of Egypt and Tanaus King of Scythia preceded the Assyrian Monarchie Indeed the storie of Abraham iustifies great Antiquitie in the Egyptian Pharaoh's and in Europe that Aegialeus K. of the Sicyonians rightly challengeth perhaps as much But wee can relie for truth herein only vpon Moses and must slight both those fabulous reports of Grecians and others as also what occurres in the fragments of the true Berosus Hestiaeus Alex. Polyhistor Adiaben Iulius African and the like touching who raigned before Nimrod and the Floud For the Chaldeans from whom some of these had their originall relations pretended that they had a true storie remaining in Babylon of u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alex. Polyhist ap Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CL. M. yeers Diodore and Cicero speak of a farre greater number but this is enough in which they reckoned discents of Kings part whereof yet remain's incapable of likelyhood in some of those autors As them for this point so much more haue we here neglected those Annians and counterfeits Archilochus Xenophon Berosus autres quimenteurs Abusent du loisir bonté des lecteurs as the noble Du Bartas of them King and Emperor Whence and what was Emperor How the Roman Emperors reckoned their Yeers The Hate in Rome to the name of Rex How their Emperors abstain'd from it Who of them first ware a Diadem At length others called them Kings but they wrote themselues alwaies Emperors The two Titles as indifferent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a vsuall word for Emperor The Coat of Constantinople and its signification Differences twixt the Emperors of the East and West about the titles of Basileus and Rex and Emperor and letters twixt them about it The King of Bulgaries prerogatiue To the Prince of Sicily anciently Rex hereditary Emperor vsed by other Princes By the Kings of England Their Supremacie from Papall power free anciently By the K. of Spaine The Flattering Rules of Ciuilians touching their Emperor Notaries in Scotland which with other Kingdoms hath as suprem power respectiuely as the Empire in making them The Duke King or Emperor of Russia or Moscouy Czar To whom he vsed not in his title King or Emperor Subiect-Kings Bohemia made a Kingdom A Sword vsually giuen in making a Subiect-King Danemark Letters of Ph. de Valois touching Ed. III. his not stiling him King To whom the title of King is truly due The English Heptarchie alwaies vnder One supreme England how and when named The King of Man Of the Wight Of Ireland subiect-subiect-Kings Henrie III. his Letters to the K. of Man King of Kings by whom vsed The storie of Iudith vnknown but from Europe to the Iewes The Great King Custome of giuing Earth and Water in acknowledgement of subiection Herbam dare Liuerie and seisin of England to the Norman Rex Regum vsed by the Kings of England Edgar and Athelstan their greatnes Particular right of the title of Emperor anciently in the Kings of this I le Constantine the Great was born in Britain with more speciall authoritie for it then any hath vsed Honor to the Emperors in Kissing their Feet Hands Knees Kisses of salutation among the Persians Adoration what it is properly Kisses of Ciuill Duty in most Nations Osculum Pacis and after Praiers In Homages An act that none should Kisse the King in Homage The Notation of our words King and Queen The British Cuno Words in diuers languages for King CHAP. II. BY King and Emperor haue been and still are most supreme Princes titled Yet so that for continued Maiesty and note of powerfull Rule in both those affections of State Peace and Warre the first was of ancient time the greater and that of Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Imperator or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Generall of an Armie was for any which had to him committed supremacie in Martiall dscipline although but for some particular hoast In the Roman storie occurres frequent testimonie of it And thence came it that Iulius Caesar being Dictator and a Generall after he had gotten euen the Monarchie of Rome wrote himselfe in his Edicts and Coins AΥTOKPATΩP DICTATOR PERPETVO IMPERATOR the first and last of which titles continued in his successors But it is obseruable to this purpose that by neither of those were the yeers of their Empire reckoned but a long time by their Tribunitian Power beginning in Octauian whence they were as sacred against all violence and wrongs Amongst many one Coin thus inscribed shewes it IMP. CAESAR AVGVST PON. MAX. TR. POT XVI COS. XI IMP. XIIII which was made in the XVI yeer from the States giuing him that inuiolable title The number added to IMP. beeing only so often increased in his and others Coins as they had by themselues or their Generalls performed some a Dio Cassius hist. 53. great matter in the Warres In the infancie of their Empire they abstained purposely from the name of Rex or King being a word grown odious to Roman libertie after Brutus his plucking it out of Tarquin's hands In solemne memorie wherof they yeerly celebrated on the VII kl of March the XXIII of our Februarie their feast Regifugium As also they prouided that no concurse for Marchandise in the Citie should euer happen vpon the Nones of any month Seruius Tullius his birth day they knew was in thè Nones but not of what month and therefore they prouided it b Macrob. Saturnal 1. cap. 13 Veriti ne quid Nundinis collecta Vniuersitas ob regis desiderium nouaret And to palliat som part of his ambitions I. Caesar himselfe beeing saluted King by the multitude but withall perceiuing it very distastfull to the State by the Tribun's pulling off the white fillet from his Lawrell answerd Caesarem se non Regem esse refusing vtterly also and consecrating the Diadem which Antony would haue often put on his head to Iupiter For the same reason did Octauian abstain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected Alike was the dissimulation of the next Tiberius vnder whom were eadem magistratuum vocabula as Tacitus his words are which were before but the sum and sway of things was ingrost and cunningly kept vnder One differing in name rather then nature from a King as hee well obserued that subscribed Iulius his statue with Brutus quia Reges elecit Consul primò factus est Hic quia Consules eiecit Rex postremò factus est The more
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
to them also a Ualiant or stout man and from that for the identitie of Gaulish and British is no news mongst Students of Antiquitie if one should deriue as litle libertie in pronunciation will permit the word Vauasor it were farre more tolerable then infinite of etymologies too daringly stood vpon A learned a P. Pith. de les Comtes de Champ. Brie lib. 1. man likes well of this from Gaesi and goes further supposing that in their God Hesus or Esus remember'd by Lucan and Lactantius and in the Ambacti mention'd in b Antiquitus In Comitatu Engelberti Teutonice est In Engelbrechtes Ambachte Freher Orig. Palatin 1. cap. 5. Caesar and Festus the name of Gaisus or Gaesus lies hid But there I more honor then follow him To talke here of a communitie twixt the Turks Bassas and Vassi as some very learn'd dare do were but aduenturing vpon much more ridiculous deriuation But when they tell vs that Vassallus is a diminutiue of Vassus it may be beleft although if Goropius his deduction of Salique from Sal which he makes the same with Sadle be tolerable as doubtlesse in his phanatique doctrine when the origination is indeed to bee fecht from Dutch his coniectures are often commendable why might not Vassal be as if you should say Vir Equestris or such like or if Sale be Hall and Hall the proper name of the Lords Court especially in our English Feuds where we call a Court Baron often Halimote why might not Vassal be as Vir strenuus Curti Domini inseruiens But without surer ground I loue to abstain from assertion Thus much for the Origination of Feuds as they are deriu'd out of the Empire or haue been in vse in these Western parts But of their first being at all a more ancient root is found and that vnder the Romans It 's reported that twixt Aeneas and Latinus one head of the league c Dionys. Halicarnas Antiq. Rom. 〈◊〉 was that the Troians should be alwayes readie to assist him in his wars against the Rutili And in the Augustam d Lamprid. vita Seueri V. C. tit de locato Conduct l. licet 35. storie it 's deliuer'd of Alexander Seuerus his Empire began in CCXX after Christ that sola quae de hostibus capta sunt Limitaneis Ducibus militibus donauit ita vt eorum ita essent si haeredes illorum militarent nec vnquam ad priuatos pertinerent priuatus is here oppos'd against Miles dicens attentius eos militaturos si etiam sua Rura defenderent Addidit sanè his animalia seruos vt possent colere quod acceperant ne per inopiam hominum vel per senectutem possidentium desererentur rura vicina Barbariae he means the Frontiers of the Empire quod turpissimum esse ducebat and somewhat like did the Emperor Probus in giuing certain e Fl. Vopiscus in Probo Territories in Isauria to his old souldiers addens vt eorum filij ab anno decimo octauo mares duntaxat ad militiam mitterentur Here were a kind of Feudall possessions but all their old volumes of the Ciuill law haue nothing that touches Feuds either in name or substance as they truly are The neerest like them is their Emphyteusis and ius f v. Mynsinger ad Instit. tit de de locat conduct §. Adeo Emphyteuticarium agreeing almost with our Fee Farm or socage tenure Neither of both which according to the Emperialls are to bee called Feuds although they as well as Militarie possessions in our law are so vsually named Some others I know suppose Militarie Feuds euen as ancient as Roman Colonies but they deceiue their Readers The tenants of the Empire as well mediat as immediat were all bound to be attendant in a place called Roncaliae vpon Po not farre from Piacenza when the Emperor went to be crownd and he that made default forfeited his Fief An old g Otho Frisiagens de gest Frederic lib. 2. cap. 12. autor thus deliuers it Est consuetudinis Regum Francorum quae Teutonicorum vt quotiescunque ad sumendam Romani imperij Coronam militem ad transalpizandum coegerint in praedicto Campo Roncalijs mansionem faciant Ibi ligno in altum porrecto scutum suspenditur vniuersorúmque equitum agmen Feuda habentium ad excubias proxima nocte Principi Faciendas per Curiae praeconem exposcitur quod sectantes qui in eius Comitatu fuerunt singuli singulos beneficiatos suos per praecones exposcunt At sequenti die quicunque nocturnis vigilijs defuisse deprensus fuerat denuò ad praesentiam Regis aliorúmque principum vel virorum illustrium euocatur sicque omnes omnium Beneficiati qui sine bona voluntate Dominorum suorum Domi remanserunt in Feudis condemnantur And not only Lay but Ecclesiasticall Fiefs were subiect to this Militarie Tenure and Forfeiture In England before the Normans plainly were militarie Fiefs although not in like manner as since That h Canut leg cap. 69. vide leg Confess cap. 21. law of K. Knout for the certaintie of Heriots paid only in Martiall Furniture proues it and that their Earls and Thanes were bound to a kind of Knights seruice And in those times so were it seems all the lands of the Kingdom except some priuiledged with greatest immunities if at least held of the King or Crown mediatly or immediatly For although there be a i Ingulphus Malmesburiens Charter extant of K. Ethelulph wherby Ecclesiastique freedom is granted generally and that the Church should be free from all secular seruice and sine Expeditione Pontis extructione Arcis Munitione which yet may be vnderstood as for an exception yet diuers Charters are anciently giuen as great and religious fauors by Saxon Kings which vsually reserue those three repairing of Bridges Tax for Warre and Castle gard or repairing them as of what no land should or could be discharged They are called by a speciall name Trinoda Necessitas in a Patent k Chart. Archiepisc Cant. A. Chr. DCLXXX by K. Cedwalla to Wilfrid first Bishop of Selesey giuing him Paganham now Pagham in Sussex and vnder the Diocese of Chicester whither from Selesey the See was translated Whereupon it was well noted when Pope l 28. Hen. 3. Matth Paris Consulas licet hinc interpreteris Responsum Kniueti in 44. Ed. 3. fol. 25. a. Celestin IV. endeuoring his grieuous exactions from Church-liuings in this State vnder Henry III. a consultation was about to what duties Churchmen by reason of their possessions were subiect that the old Kings of England were not so lauishly indulgent in their Grants to Churchmen quin tria sibi semper reseruarent propter Publicam Regni vtilitatem videlicet Expeditionem Pontis Arcis reparationes vel refectiones vt per ea resisterent Hostium incursibus And Ethelbald K. of Mercland Concedo vt omnia monasteria
Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
one of two syllables that is I think Simonides because it was both a name of honorable note and as a Patronymique expressing some Noble discent There are which make the Tria nomina in Rome a note of their Nobilitie To that purpose doth Calderin interpret Iuuenals Tanquam habeas tria Nomina which is rather indeed to be exprest in as if you were an Ingenuus or Libertus or as if you were a free Man which fits well the place as the learned Politian wills For the hauing of three Names was not common either to all Times or all Persons of the Free or Noble Romans but some had Two only as Numa Hostius Hostilius in ancienter time others One as Romulus Remus Hersilia Tatius and afterward the mixture of the Sabins and Romans gaue the double Names and by retaining x De Nominibus Romanorum Titus Probus siue is sit Iulius Paris qui designati libri autor est consulendus alij Atqui ante alios Iul. Scaliger in lib. 4. de caus Ling. Lat. cap. 92. quem tamen septimum diem Nominibus imponendis destinatum tradidisse valde miror cum et Festus in Lustrico et Macrobius 1. Sat. cap. 16. vno ferè ore refragentur Rectè autem Titum Probum reprehendit de Togae Virilis tempestate the name of the Familie giuing the Forename which was imposed the eighth day on Females and the ninth on Males as among the Grecians on the tenth y Suidas in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 et Scholiast in Aristoph Aues day from the birth and fift from the Amphidromia and adding the surname which sometimes was from the Ancestors also they had vsually three Names two of which euery Bondman manumitted commonly had giuen him from his Lord or Patron So is the Testimonie of Tertullian z Quod vide pag. 326. transcriptum et consulas Ios. Scalig ad Fest. in Curiales so that Dream of the Bondman which thought he had had Tria Pudenda and was soon after set free because as * Artemidor Onirocritic 1. cap. 47. it was interpreted his freedom gaue him two Names which made three signified in the dream with his own that was as to other of his kind most vsually one So that Ingenuitie not Nobilitie was designed by the three Names In most other Nations I think vntill particular ennobling by the Princes autoritie came in vse was a kind of distinction of Nobilitie and most neer to that in Greece None so barbarous but had the like witnesse the Gothique Anses a Name interpreting Half-Gods a Iornandes de Reb. Getic cap. 13. Abb. Vrspergensis or men aboue common human fortune and applied by them to their Chieftains valorously bearing themselues in the Warres and their posteritie Whence good conceit of manie deriues that Name of the Hanfiatique Societie beginning b Chytraeus Chronic. Sax. et Vic. aliq Gent. lib. 23. about M. CC. of Christ some while before Frederique the second But it seems they had no more or other known Ensignes of Nobilitie then as the Sueuians who had anciently Prerogatiue in Omni c Lamb. Schoffnaburgensis expeditione Regis Teutonici exercitum praecedere primi committere in like sort as mongst our old English the Kentish men d Io. Sarisburiens de Nug. Curial lib. 6. c. 18. had the honor due to them alwaies of being in the Vantgard and those of Wiltshire with Cornwall and Deuonshire in the Rere which they all might chalenge by the continuall worth of their performance That was their Badge therein their Glorie But after that Armes grew hereditarie in Europe mongst Christians for Turks paint them not e Septemcastrens cap. 10. saith my Autor by a generall consent which is vpon good ground thought to haue had its beginning from the Holie Warres the Posteritie thinking it a speciall Glorie to beare the same Coat which the Ancestor had displayed or shewed in his Shield in defence of the Christian Name and so with vs f Clarent in Reliq pag. 180. about Henrie III. they became more hereditarily establisht when the Prince ennobled any he vsually gaue him the particular of his Bearing in Blazon An example thereof in England it being also to another purpose worth obseruation I here insert Richard II. gaue one Iohn of Kingston a Coat and made him an Esquire so to ennable him to perform some feats of Armes with a French Knight The Copie of the g Part. 1. Pat. 13. Rich. 2. Memb. 37. Consimile Bernardo Angennine Consiliario Regis in Ducatu Aquitaniae Rot. Vascon 23. Hen 6. Memb. 7. Record is thus litterally Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes lettres viendront salute Saches que come vn Chiualer Franceys à ceo que nous sumus enformes ad chalenge vn nostre liege Iohn de Kingston a faire certains faits points d'Armes ouesque le dit Chiualer Nous a fyn que le dit nostre liege soit le meulz honorablement resceuz faire puisse perfourmir les dits faits points d'Armes luy auons resceuz en l'estate de Gentile home luy fait Esquier volons que que il soit conus per Armes porte desorenauant cestassauoir D'Argent one vn Chaperon d'Azure ouesque vn Plume d'Ostriche de Geules Et ceo a touts yceux as queux y appertient nous notisons per ycelles En testmoynance de quelle chose nous auons fait faire cestes nos Lettres Patents dones souz nostre Grant Seale a nostre Paleys de Westminster le primer iour de Iuyll Per Briefe de Priuy Seale Neither was in ancient Rome wanting a kind of hereditarie Ensignes peculiar to Families as the Torquis or Collar to the Torquati the Haire or a kind of Ius Capillitij it seems to the Cincinnati the surname of Great to the Pompeys which is plain by that relation of h Sueton. lib. 4. cap. 35. Caligula Vetera Familiarum Insignia Nobilissimo cuique ademit Torquato Torquem Cincinnato Crinem Cncio Pompeio Stirpis antiquae Magni Cognomen So all of the Draconteum i Hygin Fabul 72. genus about Thebes were known by a speciall note on their bodies and Seleucus k Iustin. Hist. 15. his posteritie by the forme of an Anchor on the thigh Filij Nepotèsque eius Ancoram in femore saith Iustin veluti notam Generis naturalem habuere Neither was anie one admitted to pretend himself of the Pelopidae if hee had m Iulian. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that token for an Ensigne of his Familie that is the Iuorie shoulder or one as white But these were the Notes only of their Familie not of Nobilitie consisting in Rome only in the Images as that of our times in Coat-Armors which as Images expresse the worth of such as haue born them it being supposd in warlike Nations especially after those Martiall
alij praesules saith he in partem solicitudinis à summo Pontifice euocantur vt spiritualem exerceant Gladium sic a Principe in Ensis Materialis communionem Comites quidam quasi Mundani iuris Praesules asciscuntur Et quidem qui hoc Officij gerunt in Palatio Iuris Autoritate Palatini sunt qui in Prouincijs Prouinciales Whereto adde but that such as with Palatin iurisdiction are constituted ouer Prouinces are Palatins in Prouinces and the true cause and origination of the name is thence most manifest For the Empire you see how this fits in the Palatins or Pfaltzgraffen of Rhine of whose Territorie and State the learned and Noble Marquard Freher Counsellor to the present Frederick v. hath sufficiently instructed his Readers That Prince Palatin is by ancient institution in n Verba Aureae Bullae Carol. 4. cap. 5. partibus Rheni sueuiae in Iure Franconio ratione Principatus seu Comitatus Palatini priuilegio Prouisor ipsius imperij administrator in the Vacancie of the Empire but specially also Imperator siue Rex Romanorum supra causis pro quibus impetitus fuerit habeat sicut ex consuetudine introductum dicitur coram Comite Palatino Rheni sacri Imperij Archidapifero Electore Principe respnodere illud tamen iudicium Comes ipse Palatinus non alibi praeterquam in Imperiali Curia vbi Imperator seu Romanorum Rex praesens extiterit poterit exercere And wheras some * De Duce Saxoniae v. Marqhuard Freher Orig. Palat. 1. Dukes Marquesses and Counts challenging and enioy 〈…〉 almost all soueraintie haue not this addition you must remember that the first institution of an honor and continuance of the name vsd are the main causes of a distinct Title not so much vsurpation of Royalties or lawfull possessession alone The very word Landtgraue among the Princes of the Empire is known of great Dignitie and neer the best of Soueraintie yet it literally interprets but Comes Prouincialis although an old o Rigordus in vita Philippi Aug. pag. 207. French autor regarding more the substance of it as it s appli'd then the signification turns it into Comes Palatinus Eodem anno saith he that is M. CCVIII quidam Comes Palatinus qui eorum lingua Landgraue the printed books haue Landanga but questionles erroneously vocabatur Philippum Romanum Imperatorem interfecit The like in proportion must be thought of an ignorant p Roger. de Houeden in Hen. 2. fol. 339. English writer of the Monkish times deliuering that Prothosouastos he means Protosebastos in Latin is Comes Palatij He knew it was a great Dignitie in the Eastern Empire and therefore thought so In France vntill Thebault the Great Count of Champagne about M. XXX I remember not any Prouinciall Count hauing this title of Palatin But he then reuolting from Hen. 1. of France and ioyning to the German Emperor Henry III. either took from the Emperor or arrogated to himself the Title In his Charters is read Theobaldus Comes Campaniae Palatinus and in French Thebault de Champagne Brie Quens Palazins as q Et voyes Andre de Chesne Antiq. Recherch liure 1. chap. 73. Pithou deliuers That Countie is now long time hath bin in the Crown but retains stil good marks of Palatin souerainty This Honor hath bin and is in England at this day Chester Durham Ely Lancaster are famous by it Oâ—e Hugh Wolf was made Earl of Chester by William I. and the Countie giuen him in see Tenendum sibi Heredibus ita vere ad Gladium sicut ipse Rex tenebat Angliam ad Coronam And as the King so hee for his heirs there had their Barons by thâ—t name specially known In a Charter of the same Hugh's foundation of the Monasterie of S. Werburg he saies Ego Comes Hugo mei Barones confirmauimus And in Liberties anciently giuen by one of the Ranulphs Count Palatin there to his Barons hee r Inspex 18. Hen. 6 part 2. memb 34. grants quod vnusquisque eorum Curiam suam habeat liberam de omnibus Placitis querelis in Curia Mea motis exceptis Placitis ad Gladium meum Pertinentibus For their Barons more anon But the Soueraintie claimd by those Earls may well appeare in a relation of Earl Iohn his carrying the Sword calld the Curtan at the marriage of Henry III. and Queen Elianor daughter to Raymund Earle of Prouence Comite Cestriae saith Matthew Raris Gladium S. Edwardi qui Curtein dicitur ante Regem baiulante in siguum quod Comes est Palatinus Regem si oberret habeat de iure Potestatem cohibendi suo sibi scilicet Cestrensi Constabulario ministrante virga populum cum se incrdinatè ingereret subtrahente This Countie Palatine hath its Officers almost as the King in Westminster Hall Lancaster by Edward III. was created into a Countie Palatin by expresse name the Charters and particulars whereof euery Student knows out of Plowden These two being both now in the Crown may be calld Lay Palatinats with vs for also of great autoritie are the other two of Durham and Ely but both Bishopriques That of Ely began to be so vnder Henry the first That of Durham I think vnder the Norman Conqueror For one Egelric being there Bishop about his time was for offence to the State deposd and in his steed one Walker put qui esset Dux pariter Prouinciae Episcopus as the Monk of s De gest Pontis lib. 3. Malmesbury saies fraenarétque rebellionem Gentis Gladio reformaret mores eloquio But the chief priuiledges of Durham haue been anciently deriud from the holy respect had to S. Cutbert Bishop of Lindisfarn that is now calld Holy Iland whose bodie was thence in the Saxon times translated into Durham Therefore the Monks stile it Cutberti Terra and call the t Hist. Dunel apud Camd. country men Halywerk Folks which is ment in one of our u 5. Ed. 〈◊〉 fol. 58. pl. 88. yeer-books where Durham is rememberd with the name of Franchise de Werk For so you must read not Franchise de Wrek as the publisht books haue The case is in them misreported and very imperfit See the x Tit. Iurisdiction 30. Abridgment of it which questionles was from a better copie and you will confesse it Neither without that can you find reason why the Writ of Right of Aduowson should lie at Westminster for an enheritance in Durham The Bishop is there calld Count Paleys and in another place y 17. Ed. 3. fol. 36. pl. 4. Counte de Palais and that he was z 14. Ed. 3. tit Error 6. vide Bracton lib. 3. de Corona cap. 8. § 4. Come Roy. In the North parts anciently Hexamshire was reckond for a Countie Palatin It is the same which in the printed Monks occurrs by name of Hangulstad or Hangulstadeim and the like names corrupted But my Ms. of a De gest