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england_n	henry_n	john_n	king_n	20,600	5	4.3305	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31221	A short discoverie of the coasts and continent of America, from the equinoctiall northward, and the adjacent isles by William Castell ... ; whereunto is prefixed the authors petition to this present Parliament for the propagation of the Gospell in America, attested by many eminent English and Scottish divines ... ; together with Sir Benjamin Rudyers speech in Parliament, 21 Jan. concerning America.	Castell, William, d. 1645.; Rudyerd, Benjamin, Sir, 1572-1658.	1644 (1644)	Wing C1231; ESTC R20571	76,547	112

downe to the Equinoctiall adjoyning to the South America much la●ger and much richer then are the Islands or the Northerne side of the Continent Though therefore New-found-Land many other Isl●nds and the next adjacent Regions of the Nor-east Continent with which I am to begin afford but very little that may invite us thither yet I hope those who begin to reade this Compendium will either reade it over or at least passing over these Countries of much lesser worth wil fall carefully to peruse what here by mee faithfully is related out of many approved Authors concerning the pleasant habitations exceeding fertility of the earth abundant provisions in all kinds and incredible treasure of many other Kingdomes and Provinces lying Southward and South-west down to the Equinoctiall Yea and if it should be granted as it cannot be granted without condemning of folly and falshood more than 50 authors who have written more or lesse of this part of the New-World many hundred witnesses who in severall Islands and parts of this wide Continent have seene and injoyed more then I have expressed thereof yet with true Christians who in some good measure understand what it is to live or dye for ever the preservation of many thousands of soules out of those millions of men who now fit in darknesse and perish eternally for want of the light of the Gospell ought to be of so high esteem and so prerious in their eyes as that though the most or all of the fore-named invitations should be wanting yet they should be content I say not to part with all but with some considerable portion of their estates whereby a strong Navy might withall conveniency be s●nt into such places of this North America as the wisdome of Parliament shall judge meetest for the propagating of the Gospell Now to proceed in a particular description according to the former proposed methed New-found-Land WHen it was first found out by the English it was thought to have been the most Eastern part of the North-continent but afterwards it was disco●ered to be an Island one of the greatest in the world a 110 leagues long and in most places neare as many broad To the South and East it hath the great Ocean beating upon it To the North it is separated by a narrow sea from the most North unknowne continent of America To the West from Nova Francia by the Sea called St. Laurence Gulfe Concerning the goodnesse of the soyle and the fitnesse for a constant habitation though M. Whitburne in a book written of New-found-Land doth in both the foresaid respects and some other over highly commend it Yet upon better inquiry of those who have formerly written of it as al●o from those who usually resort thither I find it to be a convenient habitation for Sommer but not for Winter by reason of the exceeding coldnesse and the deep overcovering of the land with snow the waters with hug● shelves of Ice wherby they are debarred of necessary provisions such as in somm●r time the Island affordeth i● great abundance and variety namely land-fowle and water-fowle fresh fish and salt fish upon the matter all the sustentation that the Island affordeth And yet the yearly rich commodity of sea-fish almost of all kinds which are there usually in great quantities taken and transported into Europe cause not only us but all other neighbouring Nations yearly to resort thither And because the constant return of that fi●h commodity is worth 200000l at the least yearely there hath been diverse contentions betweene us English and other Nations who whether we would or no have taken full liberty of fishing there and of late it hath been agreed and in some sort well observed that every Nation should peaceably enjoy those Ports and fishing plac●s of which they should first be possessed This great Island afford●th many conveni●nt and safe harboroughs for ships Towards the North the first North●rne Port n●arest to the South which is cape Raz is Rennosa lying a little above the 46 degree then Aqua-Forte two leagu●s more to the North then Punta de Farilham as many more Much higher neare upon the 28 degree are Thorne Bay then the B●y Conception half● a degr●e higher to the North Then Bay Blanche and Bay Orge lying between the degrees of 50 and 51. From Cape de Raz on the South-side toward the West are as many Ports of far greater note and much more advantageous for taking greater store of fish namely Abram Trepessa 2 leagues distant from the said cape then Chincheca 2 more St. Marys Haven 6 leagues more Much more to the West within 15 scruples of 47 degrees of latitude is Presenea After which follow five small Islands knowne by the name of Saint Peter then Port Basques then Claire Bay all safe and convenient Harbours remote the one from the other about forty miles The most Westerne cape of New-found-Land are de Raye and Anguille from whence the Land turneth againe to the North-east from the degree of 48 to 52 in all which space I reade of no Haven but that of St. George 12 leagues distant from Anguille Promontory neither yet is that of any great repute because not safe to come unto It is to be observed before we passe to the next adjoyning part of the Continent which is New France that this Island is on all sides as yet any thing compleatly discovered found to have many other Islands great and small thereunto belonging on the North-east side besides many very small rather Rockes than Islands there are two of a pretty extent of good use and note to wit Bacalaos upon the 49 degree and Aves somewhat above the 50. To the South many leagues distant lye foure great Islands viz. Grand Banek Vert Banck Banquereaux and Sable between the degrees of 43 and 46 which to have named may suffice as being of little worth save only for fishing wherein they are reputed not inferiour to New-found-Land Between which likewise and Nova Francia to the West and North-west in a kind of Mediterranian Sea knowne by the name of Saint Laurence Gulfe lye the Isles of Britton Tangeaux Brion Ramees and Natiscotec not so big but as profitable and more pleasant and apt for habitation than any of the former These differ much in regard of their several distances towards the West from New-found-Land but they differ more in respect of latitude some part of Isle Britton falling to the 46 degree whereas the most Northerne part of Natiscotec ariseth to the 50 between which two Islands lye the other three environed with Seas very narrow and shelvy rockie and therefore to be carefully observed by those who trade among them Nova Francia NOw to proceed with the Continent The most Easterly as yet discovered part of it go●th by the name of New France not that it was first discovered by the French for that was done long before Anno 1497. by Iohn and his son Sebastian Cabot imployed by Henry the seventh

King of England to that purpose but because a more full Discovery hath since been made by two worthy French-men Quarteri and Champl●ri from whose much approved relations I shall here briefely impart unto you what I conceive requisite for us to know These two worthy French-men tell us that all the discovery they mad● of this part of America more than ever as yet hath been made was by the great River Canada falling from the West about an hundred leagues into the North part of St. Laurence Gulfe and by the Southerne Ocean Westward I shall therefore in this my bri●fe Relation trace them in their long Voyages this way beginning with that part of New France that bordereth on both sides Canada where they made their first enterance Only let me take notice of some Promontories lying be●ween the South Ocean and Canada River not much frequented for that the comming in unto them hath often proved dangerous the seas being in most places very narrow by reason of the foresaid great Islands and many more which formerly did and now doth cause them who trade thither to steere a more safe course above the said Islands more to the North-east between them and New-found-Land They are knowne by these names Cape de Esperance and Bay de Chaleux somewhat above the 48 Port Gachepe upon the 49 Cape de Bontoneriers and Cape Evesque between the degrees of 50 and 49. From which last Cape beginneth the fall of Canada best known and most usually used by the West-side of Natiscot●● whereunto answereth on the North-side the River of Cheschedec more than thirty leagues distant for such is the widenesse of that River there affirmed to be The next cape on the South-side whereunto the River Magaret on the North answereth is de Chate remote from the former neare thirty leagues Above these somewhat neare opposite But 20 leagues remote from the former lye the Rivers Lesquemin to the North and Montonne to the South The farthest navigable parts of this great river are on the North Tadousac a good haven at the falling of the heady River Sagu●nay from the North-west as yet but very little discovered and the River May on the South-side The other part of Canada not navigable with any great vessell was yet att●mpted by Quartery to good purpose and after upon a further search Champlany is affirmed to reach yet 300 l●agues to the South-west The principall places by them observed are Orleance and Sault thirty leagues from Tadousac then follow Quebec 20 Mary River 60 Lake Pierto 100 leagues more Now concerning the goodnesse of this soyle and climate the condition of the Natives and what hath been here performed by the French It may suffice to know that the land o● the North side of Canada from the fall of it to the River Saguenay as far as is yet discovered is found to be mountenous wooddy and barren besides the comming up the River on that side is found much more dangerous than that ●o the South which also in many places requireth carefull circumspection But then the land is much more fruitfull and convenient to trade for Bevours and rich Furres the grand commodity here to be expected by reason there are more store of Natives to trade withall In the generall all this part of the Countrey is judged to be over cold in Winter to be well inhabited though yet it be constantly affirmed that the Natives might live very plentifully there were they not carelesse in sowing planting and making timely provisions and so prodigall in spending in two or three moneths what might serve them the whole year Sure it is that the French have taken a great opinion of it for besides many voyages formerly made they have from the yeare 1608. to the year 1616. made six voyages under the conduct of the fore-named Champlany and it is no lesse certaine that the French have continuall trading thither as finding good returne especially for Bevours skins The other part of New France adjacent to the South Ocean beginning where we came up in Saint Laurence Gulfe on the West-side of Ile Britton are Port Camseau and Port de Savelette somewhat above the 45 degree of latitude then halfe a degree more to the South follow Bay de Toutes and Port Elaine The first ful thirty the second neare fifty leagues from Savelette then Bay Senne Margurite River and Cape Heve all these follow one after another for a degree farther Yet more to the South-west follow Port de Rosignall Cape de Sable Port Courante and Cape Forcu one after another for the space of 35 leagues From Cape Forcu beginneth a great Inlet Sea called Bay Francoyse of 15 leagues wide at the first enterance but after a while it is narrowed more and more as it runneth backward towards the North-east full 30 leagues into the Continent And into this bosome of Sea are many good havens but that the comming up unto them is not so good They are knowne by these names Marys Bay Port Royall and Port aux Mines about five leagues distant the one from the other And here it is to be observed that the turning in of the foresaid bosome of the sea neare as far to the North-east as the Gulf● of Saint Laurence environeth that part of New France as the French call Cade On the South-west side of Bay Francoyse are Cape Range Saint Iohns River Port Coquilles and the River Croix Now the temprature of this part of this Country is better then the other as not being so excessive cold but the goodnesse of the soyle is in the generall not so good as is that part which is called Canada lying on the South-side of the River Canoda Yet the French have taken so good liking thereof that the Lord de Monts and the Lord de Poutrincourt have made some voyages thither in person and spent great part of their estates in setling Plantations there whereof there was great hope of good successe untill the yeare 1611. and 1613. the then Queene Regent of France who hath since proved the Fire-brand of Christendome after the murder of her Husband Henry the fourth by Jesuits sent some of that hellish fraternity thither in favour of her holy Father the Pope and the King of Spain to disturbe the Plantations as no doubt her deare daughter our now dreadfull Queene hath doth and will unhappily endevour to do ●y the counsell of her greatest favourites Spanish pentions especially if we shall presume to plant or trade in those much richer Southerne Countries which the Spaniard proudly challengeth as his inheritance Touching the Native Inhabitants here I will say no more but that they are much of the same condition with those who border about Canada men of no religion living without God in the world deluded and captivated by Satan and their Priests which they call Autonoins The Country in Sommer affordeth them sufficient food but for want of due provision for Winter they then are often exceedingly pinched

and sometimes dye miserably for lacke of sustenance It is here to be noted that all this South part of the Continent knowne by the name of New France From Cape Britton to Cape Crux was in the yeare 1621. granted by King Iames to Sir William Alexander a Scotch-man who sent forth one since to discover it and gave it a new name of New Scotland but we heare of nothing of worth performed by him or those who were employed by him New England THe next part of the Continent adjoyning to New France formerly accounted a parcell thereof is New England lying between the degrees of 41 and 45. The most No●th-east part of it as yet least discovered by our English beginneth at the River Penobscot which the French call Pentegovet near to the River Haute The next are the Rivers Kinibequi over against Ile Bacchus 13 leagues then Willims Bay 15 more and Tragabigsana alias Cape Anna five more But the most safe and most convenient commings in as lying nearest to the English Plantations are Hender Bay Accomack and Milford Haven near Cape Cod all within 34 leagues of Cape Anna opposite to the Bristow Plantation The Natives bordering neare these Ports have divers names and have many little Villages whereof Sagadehoc Mascosqueck Penobscot and the Mattahunts inhabiting two plesant Islands are chiefe The greatest part of the Countrey as our Country-man Captaine Iohn Smith reporteth aboundeth with variety and store of wholsome cattell fowles fish fruits rich Furres and timber for service whereunto having added the excellent fertillity of the soyle for all manner of culture and the sweet and wholsome temperatue of the climate He doubteth not to compare New England with the most approved Countries of Europe And I find his commendation seconded if not exceeded by the Company of Adventurers for the Plantation there For the goodnesse of the soyle they compare it to Devonshire For the temperature of the ayre to France but yet upon farther enquiry from divers of our English who have been there and have taken a more exact view lately of this Countrey I am certainly informed that in regard of fertility it commeth far short of old England And now will I very briefly impart unto you as far as is requisite what hath beene performed by our Nation in those parts In the yeare 1606. King Iames did under the Great Seale Licence a Plantation there which was undertaken by some Noble men and some M●rchants conditionally that neither should plant within an hundred miles the one of the other The first Colony consisting of an hundred husbandmen sent at the charge for the most of the Lord Chiefe Justice Popham under the government of George Popham in the yeare 1609. entered the great River Saga de Hoc and by the bankes of the said River setled themselves where they continued for the space of one yeare and then returned into England for that they were not able to provide for themselves by reason of the death of both the Pophams by whose care and charge they were chiefly governed and sustained But their unexpected returne was so displeasing to many other Adventurers here as that for a good while after they cast off all care of any further Plantation there Hereupon the French fell upon those parts but they were easily and suddenly beaten out by Captaine Argall After this with far greater preparation was Captaine Hobson sent forth out of England with two of those Natives who were intended for Interpreters as having gotten some little knowledge of our English tongue in the time of more than two yeares abode here But the voyage was frustrated by reason that the Natives then were very much incensed with our English men because one Hunt an English-man had not long before most perfidiously allured twenty of them into his Shippe under pretence of Commerce and so perfidiously carried them away and sold them for slaves unto the Spaniard A third and fourth voyage was performed in the yeare 1614 and 1615 by Captain Iohn Smith but those neither with any good successe for in the former he neither discovered any golden or silver Mines nor yet found any such usefull Whales as he expected And in the other voyage he was taken by the French Pirates and by them for a while detained A fifth voyage accompanied with a Colony of 19. families set forth from Plimmouth in the beginning of September in the yeare 1620. and on the nineteenth of November following they entered a nooke of the Sea ten miles from Cape Cod and there they stayed untill the sixteenth of December But not liking the place they removed to another more fertill and more commodious over against Milford Haven where having built them a Towne called Plimmoth they have continued for more than twenty yeares And since within these twelve yeares last past many hundreths of families have resorted either to new Plimmouth or they have made other plantations as those of Bristall neare Cape Anna and Connock neare Hinders Bay where they have continued a good while every yeare better and better accommodated with necessary provision for life and not without some indifferent intercourse and correspondency with the Natives upon whom they have thus far wrought toward the bringing them to God as that they usually acknowledge the God of the English to be good but their god which they call Tanto to be nought And yet for feare of the Devill by whom they are expresly prohibited they dare not frequent our Plantatione nor confer with our men about Christian Religion so often as they would Neither indeed is it likely our men should be able to doe any good upon those in respect of a happy conversion to Christ so extreamely seduced and hardened infidels unlesse they were better able to give them Law and by a holy violence compell them as it were to come in which may be done without any colour of injustice or cru●lty as tending both to their temporall and eternall felicity especially unlesse they had a greater power and meanes to take away their young children whereby they might become ours and so be brought to the knowledge of Christianity which they might successefully impart unto their miserable seduced parents at least they would be sure to sticks fast to th●t most blessed and saving doctrine they learned in their youth And this rule ought generally to be observed in all other our Plantations in America either made or to be made I might adde many other generall and particular observations concerning New England but it would not agree with my former proposall which was not to write all of any place but somewhat of every place Wherefore leaving those who are desirous of farther information to many English Authors who have more fully writ of that Countrey I proceed to the Dutch Plantation New Netherland AS the bounds of New England West-ward and by the South endeth with the Promontory Malebare So the Dutch Plantation beginneth there and extendeth it selfe more Westward and

remote parts being seized upon the rest shall be possessed by us in his good time who is the onely disposer of the earth The Inland Provinces Zacatacas Topia and Nova Biscaya lying between the Calfornian sea and the upper part of the gulf of Mexico Between Cullacan and Panuco of the same latitude upon the Tropicke of Cancer and between Cinaloa and the River Escondido foure degrees higher to the North neere the 28. degree of the North latitude containe much ground more rich then any in regard of the many silver mines but yet poorer then any in regard of the small sustentation they afford for the life of man Ybara imployed by Velascus Anno 1554. discovered in the Province of Zacatecas five exceeding rich silver Mines one that is known by the name of the Province forty leagues from Gua●dalaira then those of Ellerena Saint Martin Avinno and Dios which last being neere to the rising of the River Panuco at least 100. leauges from the North-sea is somewhat fertill The abundant store of treasure taken forth of these rich mines may be guessed at by the 600. Spaniards who are here continually imployed in digging and by the tax of the fifth part amounting to 50000l yeerly The other mines belonging to Topia and Biscaia E●dehe Barbara and Iuan afford as much treasure and better provision for life Cibola Quivira and Nova Mexico three other Provinces are yet much more to the North by many degrees From the most Southerne parts of Cibola to the most Northern of Nova Mexico not lesse then fifteen so as they must needs be of a very large extent the longitude being considered with the latitude But the relations of these most Westerne North parts of America are so variously reported and so contradicted as little can here be set downe for certaine A Fryar Marke de Niza in a relation to the Viceroy telleth wonders concerning the riches the stately buildings the most pleasant inviting habitations in Cabola But Vasquius de Cornado who thereupon was presently sent away to make a further discovery with 150. horse and 200. foot finding nothing worth his great travaile and cost certified so much to the Viceroy with an ample expression of his and his souldiers detestation of the Fryars fained relation Quivira which Gomara and Herrea likewise place in the 40. degree of the north latitue is by both said to be barren and not much inhabited The greatest riches here that serve to feed and cloth and carry them are infinit number of beasts resembling in regard of their greatnesse our greatest horse and Oxen and their Pels are said to afford wool not inferiour to some of ours Nova Mexico is as I said placed yet many degrees more to the north-west of which unlesse I would endeavour to delude the Reader to write little or nothing is to write best Gonsalez de Mendoca in a little Narrative Printed at Madrill anno 1589. maketh a strange relation of what had bin lately performed by one Augustinus Ruyz one of his owne more hollow then holy fraternity how by his powerfull Preaching to Savages not much inferious to his Founder Saint Francis who is said to Preach to wilde Beasts converted instantly two great Provinces of Nova Mexico Concht and Tiguria But withall he confesseth that for the killing of a zealous it might more truely he said of a foolish over-venturous Fryar amongst men who in regard of the knowledge of Christ are but beasts one Anthonius de Espiro I cannot thinke him to be inspired with any better spirit then that of The Antichrist of Rome made flaughter of more then forty thousand poore silly ignorant Indians who had never learned to distinguish what their hollow Fathers were better then other cruell mercilesse Spaniards He telleth us of many thousands converted to the Christian faith by the Preaching of Fryars no better inspired then was the foresaid Anthonius A strange thing that a few ignorant Fryars should doe more in a few dayes then all their Spanish Clergy did in one hundred and seventy yeeres in places farre neerer He telleth us also as doth his brother de Benavides in a more late Narrative of the conquering of Peri Tebe Queres Tompires and many more sained Provinces of Nova Mexico and of the exceeding progresse of the Faith in those parts All which and many more their incredible expressions are fit to be cast off being in all probability but the subtile fictions of Spanish Popish Factors who like travellers take liberty to lye and like Lap-wings to devert and carry us from those knowne places as are every way convenient for habitation and yeeld such increible yeerely Revenue to the Spanish King Monarch who would be of Christendom that all the reformed Churches of Christendom for the present extreamlybleed for it witnes England and Ireland which are now set on fire ready to perish unlesse the great God of Heaven and earth be pleased to put in and redeem both from the most detestable imaginations and most bloody contrivements of Spanish Pentioners the Popes grand Engeneers who have ca●tivated our King and seek to undoe the whole Kingdome that they may have their yeerly 3 or 4000 livre. Pensions continued But he that dwelleth on high seeth and laugheth their wicked Councels to scorne And I doubt not but the wisedome of this present Parliament inspired and assisted from above will finde out these wicked men the prime troublers of our Church and Kingdome and bring them here to condigne punishment Which I have good cause confidently to beleeve because they are so forward and zealous as appeareth by a late Ordinance to propagate the Gospell in America the onely best way to continve it here in the purity and power of it which is and shall be my constant prayer to God for these so extreamly distressed Churches and Kingdomes The Southerne Description of America God permitting shall shortly be set forth in another Booke FINIS