like feigned Names and Placeâ— EUROPE with its Kingdoms Isles c. may be considered in three times three parts and then The three most Southern parts are SPAIN with its Kingdoms or Principalities viz. Castile Madrid Leon Leon Navarr Pampelona Bisâ—ay Bilboa Asturie Oviedo Gallicia St. Jago de Compoâ—â— Portugal Lisbon Algarve Pharo Andaloufia Sevill Granada Granada Muâ—cia Murcia Aâ—â—agon Caragosa Valencia Valencia Catalonia Barcelona the Isles of Baleares Majorca ITALY with Its several Estates and Principalities the Chief of which are Piedmont Turin Millain Millain Genoua Genoua Parma Parma Mantua and Modena Mantua Venice Venice Toscany Florence Estare of the Church Rome Naples Naples Isle of Sicily Messina Isle of Sardiny Calari Isle of Corsica Bastia TURKEY in EUROPE with its several Estates the Chief of which are those of Bosnie Jaycza Servie Belgrad Bulgarie Sophia Romania Constantinople Macedonia Salonichi Thessalie Armicho Epire Perveza Achaia Selines Pelopornesus Petras Dalmacie Rhagusa Sclavonia Posega Illyris Zatha Croatia Sisseg Together with several Isles as they lie in the Aegean or Grecian Seas as Negroponte Creâ—e the Isles of Cyclades c. Ionian Seas as Zant Zeffalonia Corfu c. Aâ—riatick Seas as Zara Lesina Curzola Lissa c. The three Innermost parts and within the Continent are FRANCE with its twelve Governments or General Estates viz. Picardy Amiens Normandy Roen or Roven Isle of France Paris Champâ—gne Troys Brelagne Nantes Orlenois c. Orleans Bourgogne Dijon Lyonnois c. Lyon Guyenne and Gascogne Bourdeaux Languedoc Toulouse Provence Marseille Dauphin Grenoble The several Estates which lie between France the Catholick Low Countrey Anvers Lorrain Metz the French County Besansons Savoy Cambery Germany the Low Countreys or the United Provinces Amsterdam Rotterdam the Swisses Basle the Grisons Coire GERMANY with its several Estates and Principalities the chief of which are On this side the Rhine Strasbourg Beyond the Rhine Cologne Westphalia Munster Franconia Noremberg Sovabe Ansbourg Bavaria Munchen Austria Vienna Bohemia Prague Higher Saxony Dresden Brandenbourg Berlin Pomerania Stetin Lower Saxony Hamburgh POLAND with its several Estates the chief of which are Polonia Cracow Prussie Dantzick Mazovie Warzaw Lithuania Wilna Volhynia Kyovia Podolia Kamieniec Russia Nigra Loewenberg And some Estates or Principalities towards the Danube and Black-Sea as Hungaria Buda Transylvania Hermenstat Valaquie Targovisko Moldavia Soczowa Little Tartaria Nigropoli The three most Northern parts Kingdoms and Isles are SCANDINAVIA where are the Kingdoms and Estates of Danemark Danemark Capenhagven Norway Trondhem Sweden Gothland Calmar Sweden Stockholm Finland Abo Livonie Riga MOSCOVIA with its several Kingdoms Dutches and Provinces the chief of which are Moscovy Mosco Wolomodire Wolodomer Dwine St. Michael Archaâ— Cazan Kingdom Cazan Astracan Kingdom Astracan The ISLES of GREAT BRITAIN where are the Kingdoms of England London Scotland Edinburgh Ireland Dublin To the high and Mighty Prince James Duke of Yorke Albury Marquesse of Ormond Earle of Ross of Arismanoch L d High Admirall of England Kt of the most noble order of the Garter sole Brother Privi Councellor to his most Sacrid Ma.ty K Charlas the 2d this Mapp is humbly Dedicated by Rich Blome A MAPP of EUROPE Designed by Mounsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King and Rendred into English and Illustrated by Ric Blome By his Majets Espesiall Command London Printed for Rich Blome it EUROPE EVROPE is one of the three parts of our Continent of which Asia makes the most Eastern Africa the most Southern and Europe in regard of them is between North and West Its Bounds It is for the most part bounded by the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea that which we call the Septentrional or Frozen Ocean on the North and the Occidental or Atlantick Ocean on the West The Mediterranean Sea which is but an Arm of the Ocean lies on its South and separates it from Africa but from Asia it is separated towards the East by divers Seas which fall into the Mediterranean by several Streights between these Seas to wit the Archipelago the Sea of Marmara the Black Sea and the Sea of Zabaque Between the Archipelago and the Marmara is the Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles of old Hellespontus between the Marmara and the Black Sea is the Streight of Constantinople or the Channel of the Black Sea and between the Black Sea and the Sea of Zabaque is the Streight of Caffa or Vospero Then the Rivers of Don Wolga and Oby compleat the division of Europe from Asia by drawing a line from the one to the other Scituation The scituation of Europe is between the 35 and 72 degrees of Latitude and between the 10 and 100 of Longitude though it fill not all this space and it is almost all in the Temperate Zone no part in the Torrid but some under or near the Frozen Zone But the Ocean together with the divers Seas which encompass and divide the parts of Europe have given so great an advantage to its People that they are long since become the most expert in the World in Navigation all Arts and Sciences and in Arms and Military Discipline It s Division We will consider Europe in Nine or three times three principal parts And of these the first three shall be Spain Italy and the Estates of Turkey in Europe and these possess the Southern part of Europe the second three parts shall be France Germany and Poland and these take up the middle part of Europe and the third shall be Scandinavia where are the Estates of Denmark and Sweden Russia Alba or Muscovia and the Isles of Great Britain and Ireland and these are most Northward As to the several small Isles I shall comprehend them under one and the other of these 3 parts and that according to their scituation or vicinity unto them Besides these 9 parts there will remain some Estates and Lands between France Germany and Italy likewise between Germany Poland Turkey and Moscovia and some in Turkey which shall be described as occasion presents The Languages or Speeches But before we proceed to the Parts let us consider that there are 3 principal Tongues and as many principal Religions in Europe viz. the Latin which extends it self into Italy France and Spain though in divers Idioms the Teutonick into Germany the British Isles and Scandinavia the Sclavenian into Poland Moscovy in good part of Turkey Bohemia c. though still in several Idioms and Dialects The other Tongues are much less general as the Greek Albanian Hungarian and the Tartaresque in the Eastern parts and lastly the Basque Welsh Irish and Laplandish in the most Western and Northern parts Religions The Religions are the Protestant which hath spread it self where the Teutonick Tongue is spoken the Roman Catholick is almost every where with the Latin Schism alone and every where amongst the People speaking Sclavonian and Greek the Mahumetan Religion is among the Natural Turks of Europe But to proceed to its Parts SPAIN
for its Salt-Pits or Wiches having three Fountains that afford great plenty of Water for the making of Salt which is excellent white and good for which here is drove a good Trade Sturbridge Sturbridge seated on a Flat and on the Stower over which it hath a Bridge it is a good and well-built Town hath the accommodation of a good Free-School with a Library and its Market on Fridays is well furnished with Corn Provisions and Swine Kidderminster Kidderminster feated under a Hill and on the Severn where the Stower loseth it self dividing the Town in twain an ancient Bailiwick-Town beautified with a fair Church hath well-built Houses is well inhabited and much traded unto for its Stuffs called Kidderminster-Stuffs and its Market which is on Thursdays is considerable for Corn Gottle Provisions and several Country-commodities Bewdley Bewdley a Bailiwick-Town which sends Burgesses to Parliament pleasantly seated on the Severn and near the Forest of Wire which in former time was a place of great delight and much resorted unto It is a neat and well-built Town enjoyeth a good Trade for Mault Leather and Caps called Bewdley-Caps here made and hath a Market on Saturdays chiefly considerable for Barly YORK-SHIRE County of York describ'd the largest County in England being above 300 miles in compass and although thus spacious for the generality is indifferent fertil yielding good plenty of Cattle Corn Fowl and Fish for if one part is stony sandy and barren other parts make amends and although there are great store of Heaths and Moors which are barren ground yet are they profitable to the Inhabitants for the feeding of Cattle In this County the Romans had several Stations and here were abundance of Abbeys Monasteries and Religious Houses many of which were of great note eminency and wealth The chief Manufactures of this Shire are Stockings Alum Jett Lime Knives Pins c. but above all Cloth in great plenty It is fevered into three distinct parts and called the North-Riding the East-Riding and the West-Riding which said Ridings or Parts are subdivided into 26 Wapontacks or Hundreds viz. the North into Eleven the East into Six and the West into Nine and in all these Wapontacks are numbred 563 Parish Churches besides abundance of Chapels of Ease by reason of the largeness of the Parishes many of the Chapels being as large as Parishes in other parts of England The North-Riding of Yorkshire may not improperly be divided into Richmondshire Cleaveland a fertil part North-Allerton and Blackmore very Mountainous Craggy and Moorish The chief places in this Riding are York City of York which next to London claimeth the Priority of all others in the Kingdom a place of great antiquity and fame having its rise from the Romans who had it in such great esteem that Severus their Emperour had here his Palace and here ended his days and had those Funeral Rites solemnized on his Corps according to their custom And here Fl. Valerius Constantius surnamed Chlorus bid adue to the World and in his room his Son Constantine was here proclaimed Emperour Nor did this City thus flourish only in the time of the Romans but was of great repute in all succeeding Ages and hath in all the revolutions and changes under the Saxons Danes and Normans preserved its ancient lustre and is at present a fair large and beautiful City adorned with many splendid Buildings both publick and private is very populous much resorted unto and well inhabited by Gentry and wealthy Tradesmen and numbreth about 30 Parish Churches and Chapels besides its Cathedral or Minster a most stately Structure dedicated to St. Peter Amongst its publick Buildings of note these may be taken notice of The Bishops-Palace its Chapter-House a curious piece of Architecture the Princes-House called the Mannor and the Courts of Judicature held for the Neighbouring Marches according to that of Ludlow It is a City and County within it self enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Lord Major 12 Aldermen clad in Scarlet 2 Sheriffs 12 Common Council 8 Chamberlains a Recorder Town Clerk Sword-Bearer and Common Serjeant with other sub-Officers It is a place of great strength being well fortified and enclosed with a strong Wall on which are many Turrets or Watch-houses and hath for entrance 4 Gates and 5 Posterns It s scituation is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the Owse which severeth it in two parts but joyned together by a fair Stone-bridge and to conclude its Markets on Thursdays and Staturdays are very considerable and well served with Flesh Fish Fowl c. as are its Shambles on the Week-days with Provisions Malton or New-Malton seated on the Derwent Malton over which it hath a good Stone-bridge It is composed of two Towns the New and the Old Malton and both containing 3 Parish Churches it is a place well inhabited and accommodated with good Inns hath weekly two Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which is one of the best in the County for Horses living Cattle Provisions and most Country-commodities especially Vtensils for Husbandry and as a Borough Town which is but meanly built electeth Parliament men Pickering or the Honour of Pickering a pretty good Town Pickering belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster hath a famous Old Castle now ruinous in which they keep their Courts for the hearing of Causes under 40 s. in the said Honour which includeth several Villages which as it were encompass it so that the adjacent Country is called Pickering-Lith the Forest of Pickering and the Liberty of Pickering It s Market which is on Mondays is well served with Corn and Provisions Scarborough a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art Scarborough being seated on a steep Rock with such craggy Cliffs that it is almost inaccessible and beareth so into the Sea that it is washed on all parts except on the West where it yieldeth access by a strait passage Cliff or Gullet where it hath a strong Wall On the top of this Rock is a very fair green and large Plain containing about 60 Acres of ground and hath a little Well of Fresh-water springing out of the Rock and for its further defence hath a strong Castle now made use of by his Majesty for a Garrison This Town is not very large but well built and inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade having a commodious Key with several Vessels belonging to it which are employed by them and during the Herring-season for the Fishing Trade they being plentifully taken on this Coast This place is of note for its famous Spaw much resorted unto as well by Foreigners as the English It is a Town Corporate electing Parliament men is governed by two Bailiffs and a Common Council and hath two Markets weekly on Thursdays which is of good account and on Saturdays which is but small Not far from this Town is Robinhoods-Bay so called from Robinhood that noted Robber in the Reign of
grains fruits c. if its Inhabitants would give it tillage South of Canada are New England New York Maryland Virginia and Caroline of which in Order New England described NEW ENGLAND North of Maryland according to the report of Captain Smith hath seventy miles of Sea Coast where are found divers good Havens some of which are capable to harbour about five hundred sail of Ships from the fury of the Sea and winds by reason of the interposition of so great a quantity of small Isles which lie about the Coast to the number of about two hundred And although it be seated in the midst of the Temperate Zone yet the Climate is more uncertain as to heat and cold than those European Kingdoms which lie parallel to it Yet the Air is found very healthful and agreeable to the English which hath occasioned the settlement of divers Potent Colonies here who live very happily and drive a considerable Trade for their provisions to our American Plantations especially to the Barbados This Country is Inhabited by divers sorts of people the chief amongst which are the Bessabees about the River Renobscot and the Massachusetes a great Nation The Native Inhabitants and every one are governed by their particular Kings and do much differ in Customs and Manners from one another as they do in the other parts of America living generally at variance with each other Their chiefest riches is in their Furrs and Skins which they sell to the English in truck for Commodities they are for the most part ingenious well disposed and with little pains would be brought to Christianity This Country is for the generality of a fertil soil is well watered with Rivers hath plenty of Fish as Cod Thornback Sturgion Their Fish Porpuses Haddock Salmons Mullets Herrings Mackeril Plaice Oysters Lobsters Crab-fish Tortoise Cockles Muscles Clams Smelts Eels Lamprons Drums Alewives Basses Hollibuts Sharks Seals Grampus Whales c. Here are great variety of Fowl as Phesants Partridges Pigeons Heathcocks Fowls Oxeyes Geese Turkeys Ducks Teal Herns Cranes Cormorants Swans Brants Widgeans Sheldrakes Snipes Doppers Blackbirds Loon Humbird with divers others too tedious to name They have also great plenty of Beasts both tame and wild as Cows Sheep Goats Swine and Horses Beasts and for wild Lyons Bears Wolves Foxes Martins Rackoons Mooses Musquasus Otters Bevers Deer Hares Coneys c. Amongst the hurtful things the Rattlesnake is the most dangerous and here are several sorts of stinging Flies which are very troublesom to the Inhabitants Trees Here are sundry sorts of trees as the Oak Cyprus Pine Cedar Chesnut Walnut Firr Ash Elm Asp Alder Maple Birch Sassafras Sumach c. also several Fruit-trees as Pomgranates Maracocks Puchamins Olives Apples Pears Plumbs Cherries Grapes Fruits with those common in England And their ground also produceth Potatoes Carrots Turrips Parsnips Onyons Cabbages with most of the Roots and Herbs found in England The soil being very agreeable for them But the fruits are not found here so good as in Virginia nor in Virginia as in Caroline as lying more Southwards and having the greater influence of the Sun This Country affordeth several rich Furrs hath Iron Amber Pitch Tarr Masts Flax Linnen Cables Its Commodities and Grains in great plenty The English which now Inhabit this Country are very numerous and powerful having a great many Towns several of which are of considerable account and are governed by Laws appropriate to themselves and have their Courts of Judicature and assembling together each Town having two Burgesses for the looking after the affairs of the Colony Government And as to matters of Religion and Church Government they are very strickt and make a great show being much of the stamp of the ridged Presbyterians Amongst their Towns these are of chief note 1. Boston commodiously seated for Traffick on the Sea Shore It s chief Towns at present a very large and spacious Town or rather a City being composed of several well ordered streets and graced with fair and beautiful houses which are well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen who drive a very considerable Trade It is a place of great strength having two or three hills adjoyning on which are raised Fortifications with great Pieces mounted thereon which are well guarded 2. Charles Town seated on and between the Rivers Charles and Mistick it is beautified with a large and well built Church and near the River-side is the Market place from which runs two streets in which are divers well built houses 3. Dorchester an indifferent Town seated near the Sea 4. Cambridge commodiously seated on a River doth consist of several streets and is beautified with two Colledges and hath divers fair and well built houses 5. Reading commodiously seated about a great Pond and well Inhabited 6. St. Georges Fort seated on the mouth of the River Sagadebock 7. New Plymouth seated on the large Bay of Potuxed With divers other Towns of some account most of which bear the Names from those of England but amongst the Indians are known by other names New York described new-NEW-YORK formerly New Netherland is seated betwixt New England and Virginia It is now called New York from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by grant from his Majesty It is a Country of a fertile soil is well watered with Rivers and is found to produce the same Beasts Birds Fowls Fish Fruits Trees Commodities c. and in as great plenty as New England so they need not be taken notice of here This Country is also possessed by sundry sorts of people not much unlike those of New England and are very expert at their Bow and Arrows which is their chief weapon of War are found to be of a ready wit and very apt to learn what is taught them in their Religious Rites divers ceremonies are observed amongst them It s Native Inhabitants and are said to worship the Devil whom they much fear their Priests being little better than Sorcerers who strangely bewitch those silly people When any woman findeth her self quick with child she keepeth her self chast from man until her delivery the like she observeth in the time of her giving suck a strange Custom which our European Dames would not well relish upon the least offence the man turneth away his wife and marrieth again and the Children begotten by her she keepeth Furnication is here permitted they are very dutiful to their Kings they believe the transmigration of the soul and concerning the Creation of the world have strange foolish opinions They are much addicted to sports recreations and dancings and observe Festival times Their habit is but mean as the rest of the Indians yet do they paint and besmear their faces with several colours which they hold Ornamental their dyet and habitations are also mean Here is one very considerable Town now called New York being well seated both for security trade and pleasure in a small
Precopensis Cambaja Long among which are The Chersonesus of Malacca adjoyning to India Cimbrica or Jutland adhering to Holsatia Borea adjoyning to Tartaria The North and South parts of America California Jucatan The Chersonesus of Thracia Nova Francia Ionia Cindensis Mindensis Of Affinity to Peninsulas Italy Greece Acaia Spain Norway Sweden Lapland Asia minor Arabia Beach a Region of Magellan and New Guiney Indostan Cochinchina New-England Monomotapa Camboia 3. Islands which may be considered in four sorts viz. Great as England Japan Island Canada Sumatra Madagascar Borneo Nova Zembla California Indifferent as Sicilia Ireland Hispaniola Cuba Java Major Celebes Creet Luconia Sardinia Friesland Terra Nova Mindanoa Ceilan Small as Gilolo Amboina Timor Corsica Majorca Cyprus Negropont Sealand Jamaica The very small ones in which we consider 1. The more famous Solitaria Rhodes Malta Lemnos Helena St. Thomas 2. A knot or heap of Isles together as The Canary Isles The Flandrian or Caribbe Isles The Hesperides Those of the Gulph of Mexico Of Maldives Of Japan About Madagascar The Moluccoes and Isles of Bauda The Philippine Isles The Isles of Theeves The Isles in the Aegean Sea The Isles about England The Isles of Solomon 4. The Isthmuses Between Egypt and Arabia or Africa and Asia That of Corinth between Peloponesus and Achaia The Isthmus of Panama or America the longest of all Between Jutland and Holsatia Between Malacca and India OF Absolute Geography SECT III. Wherein the constitution of the Land or the dry part of the Earth in four Chapters is declared CHAP. VIII Concerning the natural division of the parts of the Earth made from the Ocean flowing round about it THE things which in this Chapter we shall deliver concerning the division of the Earth and in the fifteenth Chapter we shall teach touching the division of the Sea will greatly facilitate the young Student in the understanding the distinction of the surface and parts of the Earth and to fix them the faster in the memory they are carefully and fully to be read and to be compared with the Terrestrial Artificial Globe and Maps Proposition I. A certain portion of Earth is covered with Water and a certain part stands out above the Surface of the Water Of parts of the Earth covered and of parts not covered with water but yet there are some parts which at some time are covered with Waters and some parts are free from them and conspicuous as many Islands by Norway Scotland and other Countries Add to these the beds or shelves of Sand and Seashores But seeing these parts are so small we take no account of them at present neither will we move that Question here Whether the Land takes up the greater part of the Superficies of the Earth or whether the Water We will treat of this briefly in the eighteenth Chapter Now we will confider the part standing up or extant above the Waters and we will call it Lands or Islands Proposition II. The Earth standing out above the waters not one but many Lands of which may be five sorts The Land or Earth standing out above the Waters is not one and continual but many Lands divided and disjoyned from one another by the Water flowing it between them We will make five differences of them to wit 1. The greatest Lands or Islands 2. The great ones 3. The mean ones 4. The little ones and 5. The least ones We will treat of the cause and original of these Lands extant or above the Waters or of the Islands in the eighteenth Chapter for there will be a more commodious place to treat of this Matter or Subject But all Lands extant above the Waters were to be called Islands seeing that an Island is no other thing then a Land begirt with Waters All Lands extant above the waters may be called Islands yet the common use of speaking hath taken away from the greatest Lands this name because that they are so great and of such a huge tract and continuance that the Circuit of the Water is thereby the less to be perceived Insomuch that they are usually called the firm Land and also great Continents And indeed by reason of their vast bulk and greatness unto which the magnitude of other Islands being compared is small they deserve this peculiar name therefore we will also call them firm Lands and great Continents Proposition III. The firm Lands four The greatest Lands Continents or Islands not contending with any about their name are four First the Old World Secondly the New World or America Thirdly the Polar Land Artick or Artick World and Fourthly the South-Land or Magellanick Land The old world most famous with its bounds c. The Old World the most famous of those four and only known of the Ancients which we inhabit is commonly divided by the Sea into two parts but joyned together by an Isthmus or narrow neck of Land one whereof is Africa and the other Asia and Europe It is invironed by the Ocean in this manner from the East by the Chinean Ocean and the Pacifick Sea from the South by the Indian Ocean and Aethiopick Sea from the West by the Atlantick Sea and from the North by the Frozen or North Sea the White Sea and Tartarian Ocean The division of this Continent of which we have spoken is made by the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabick Bay or Red-sea Africa divided from Asia and Europe For the distance of the Bays that is the Latitude or breadth of the intercedent Tract is not greater then about 30 miles if which were away Africa would make a peculiar firm Land and would increase the number The distance of the Old World towards the East is but a very little space from the New World or America The distance of the old world from the new about the Streight of Anian if only this be existent in the Universe of Nature And the distance of Europe from America is also very little between Norway and Newfoundland Also the Old World is but a very small distance from the Pole Artick-land about the Streight of Waigats from the South Polar or Magellan about New Guiney The New World or America is thus begirt by the Ocean On the East by the Atlantick Sea The new world with its bounds c. On the South by the Magellanick Streight On the West by the Pacifick Sea and on the North by a Sea unknown or uncertain except Davis Streight This World also wants but little but that it may be cut into two Islands to wit at Panama and Nombre de Dios where the confluence of the Pacifick and Atlantick Ocean is by a small Tract of earth intercepted It is distant from the Old World a very little space as before noted The Polar Artick and South Land with its bounds c. The Polar Artick and the South or Austral Land are begirt round with the Sea the first with the North Sea whose parts are
the Streights of Davis Waigats and Anian This South-land with the Pacifick-Sea Indian Ocean and Magellanick Streight The Polar Artick Land hath a very little distance at the Streight of Waigats from the Old World from America at the Streight of Davis But it is removed from the South-land by a huge space The Polar Austral or rather the South-land is very nigh to the Old World at the running out Tract of New Guiney as also to America at the Streight of Magellan But concerning the South-land only we have assuredly discovered that it is round about environed with the Sea and is separated from the rest Concerning the rest of the Lands to wit the Old World America and the Pole Artick World the matter and discovery is not yet certain whether they be round about begirt by the Sea and separated from one another but yet it is very likely they are so by reason of divers Bays and Entrances of starts running within the Earth The South-land only as yet is fully sailed about this could not be hitherto performed in the rest For the Old World as yet hath not been sailed round beyond Waigats Streight although the whole Western Southern Eastern shore hath been viewed and that but a little part of the North shore remaineth to be discovered America hath been sailed round only part of her Septentrional shore being excepted by reason of the uncertainty of the Streights or narrow Seas Thus have we declared the placing of the greatest Islands or Continents Proposition IV. Ten great Ilandâ— We reckon up ten great Islands on the Surface of the Land which are these following 1. Britain comprehending England and Scotland it is esteemed the greatest of all Islands which are commonly so called those being excluded which in The foregoing Proposition we have related at large 2. Japan which in Maps and Globes hath a lesser magnitude than it ought to have for they which have been there affirm that it is as great if not greater than Britain 3. Luconia one of the Philippine Isles which also from its Metropolitan Town is called Manilha 4. Madagascar or St. Laurence seated on the Eastern shore of Africa 5. Sumatra one of the Indian Isles 6. Borneo not far from Sumatra 7. Island not far from Norway 8. Newfoundland nigh unto Canada 9. Between Davis Streight and Hudsons Streight in the Northern Ocean lyeth a great Island about the Polar Land which according to Visher's Vniversal Tables is in form round 10. Nova Zembla nigh unto Russia To these is California to be also numbred if that be an Island which it is esteemed to be and not a part of America Proposition V. We number up ten mean Islands on the Surface of the Earth viz. 1. Java one of the Indian Isles 2. Cuba nigh unto Hispaniola 3. Hispaniola 4. Ireland nigh unto England 5. Crete or Candia not far from Greece 6. Sicily nigh unto Italy 7. Ceylan one of the Indian Isles 8. Mindanao one of the Philippine Isles 9. Sardinia seated in the Mediterranean Sea 10. Celebes in the Indian Ocean To these may be numbred Friezland an Isle not far from Island Proposition VI. Ten little Isles We will also number ten little Islands on the Surface of the Earth to wit 1. Gilolo one of the Indian Isles 2. Amboina not far from Gilolo 3. Timor one of the Indian Isles 4. Jamaica in the Bay of Mexico 5. Sealand in Denmark 6. Corsica seated in the Mediterranean Sea 7. Eubaea now Negropont seated in the Mediterranean Sea 8. Majorca nigh unto Spain 9. Cyprus 10. Isabella in the Pacifick Ocean There are more Islands which may be reduced to this rank but we shall refer them to the last order of them as more commodious Proposition VII The least Isles Of the least Islands there is almost an innumerable multitude on the Surface of the Earth among which these following deserve a peculiar consideration First the famous Solitary Islands Secondly those which are found in great numbers in some Tract of the Ocean and for their Neighbourhood are comprehended under one name We shall term them in general a body or fry of Islands because we are left destitute of a more fitting name The Tract of Sea wherein these Isles lye is called the Archipelago The notable Solitary Islands are in the Mediterranean Sea Rhodes Malta Ivisa Minorca Chios Cephalonia c. In the Atlantick Ocean between Africa and Brazile lieth the Island of St. Helen where also the Island of the Ascension the Isle of St. Thomas is placed in the very Equator The Island Madera over against the Gaditane Streight Zocotora seated before the mouth of the Arabian Bay Gothland in the Baltick Sea Among the notable Solitary Isles those are also worthy of remembrance which swim on the waters of which see Chapter eighteenth Proposition VIII There are fifteen fries or files of the least Islands numbred on the Surface of the Earth The lesser Isles to wit 1. The Canary Islands in the Atlantick Sea 2. The Isles of Azores in the Northern Sea 3. The Islands of Hesperides or the Green Islands over against Cape Verd. 4. The Islands of Maldives in Indian Ocean 5. The Lucar Islands between Florida and Cuba nigh unto America 6. The Princes Islands between Hispaniola and America to which I refer and reduce all the least Islands seated in the Bay of Mexico 7. The Camercan Isles lying before Hispaniola 8. The Mascarenian Islands between Madagascar and Africa 9. The Molucco Islands seated in the Indian Ocean 10. The Philippine Islands in the Pacifick Ocean 11. The Aegean Islands 12. The Japonian Isles 13. The Islands of Solomon in the Pacifick Sea 14. The Isles of Theeves in the Archipelago of St. Lazarus 15. The Isles of Banda nigh unto Java 16. The Islands scituate near England and Scotland as the Hebrides Orcades Sourlings Sporades c. 17. The Islands between the Magellanick Streight and the Streight Le Maire Other Isles may be reckoned Here I do not reckon to these those Islands which lye close on the shore of some Continents in great numbers as on the Coast of China Norway Brazile Davises Streight c. Unto this rank also the Islands in great Rivers are to be referred and marshalled as such as are found in the River Nile in the River of St. Laurence of Canada in the River Wolga and in some other Rivers as also those which are in certain Lakes as in the Lake Zembre a Lake in Africa in South America where the Islands of Lead are scituate in a Lake c. But all or most of these Isles especially these aforegoing together with several others I have largely treated of in the Geographical Description of the four Parts of the World in their fit places to which I refer the Reader Proposition IX The Parts of all Lands or Islands are not of the same shape or figure but are unlike The more famous differences of these are a Peninsula and an Isthmus
past eleven a Clock in the River Thames and other places of England A difficult task to explicate the cause of this difference Now it is a most difficult task to explicate the cause of this so notable a difference and that in all places although it be incumbent on the Philosopher or Geographer Yet it is probable that the various windings of the shoars the scituation of the Coasts in respect of the Sea the obstacles of Islands the mutual meetings of the water the distance of the places from the Lunary way various waies especially those that are constant and general the declining of the shoars and other things do very much conduce to this propriety of the flux For example at the Port of London in the Coast of England the water encreaseth until the Moon cometh unto the quarter of the South-West viz. when it declineth from the Ecliptick towards the South for then water begineth to flow back again but not when the Moon cometh to the Meridian Therefore we say that whilst the Moon moveth to the Meridian of London towards Brazile or from Brazile towards London the Sea doth not recede from London but is yet augmented by reason that the Coasts of America unto which the Ocean is moved by the Moon do repel that water towards England and this hapneth therefore because it affordeth not a passage for the water But why when the Moon is declining from the Ecliptick towards the North is the greatest Altitude of the water and the begining of the decrease observed before the Moon cometh to the Meridian viz. in the North-East I answer that this cometh to pass because that the Moon is then far more near to England than when it declineth from the Ecliptick towards the South and therefore then it more swiftly filleth but the cause why then the flux is no longer protracted even until the Moon cometh to the Meridian may be by reason that the Moon forceth the Sea more near the Sea of Mexico and Hudsons Streights where there is found a great intumescency and detumescency On the Coast of China we therefore say that the intumescency doth anticipate the appulse of the Moon at the Meridian by reason that a continnual East wind driveth that Sea towards the West But these allegations I leave to be farther examined by the searchers of nature But for the finding out of the true cause it is altogether necessary that we acquire accurate observations how the flux and reflux of the Sea is made in divers places viz. in what vertical the Moon is in that flux how the quarter is varied in a divers place of the Moon as in the full and new especially in those places where the Moon becometh vertical also in those which directly respect the East West and North. Also that must be diligently observed how the flux is here made in those hours of the day whilst that the Moon being in the North part of her Circle hath not the Sea placed vertically under her but Lands in a long tract viz. from Cambaja and China even to the Occidental Coasts of Africa For because then that it doth not directly press the water it being depended over the Mediterranean places I thence suppose that some variety must happen to this motion Also what then it doth whilst the Moon ruling in the South Hemisphere passeth over the Mediterranean parts of Brazile or Southern America Without these observations we shall hardly arrive at the true cause neither shall we neglect this argument Proposition XIX The Sea floweth to most Coasts in six hours and twelve minutes and refloweth also in so many hours The Sea in few places floweth in more hour and refloweth in less In very few places it floweth in more hours and refloweth in less and on the contrary in very few places it floweth in fewer hours and refloweth in more yet so that the time of the flux and deflux viz. between the two greatest intumescencies together make twelve hours with 24 ⅛ minutes and two such times make 24 hours with about 50 minutes 48 ¾ and therefore on every day the greatest intumescency falleth out later almost by an hour because that the Moon almost an intire hour returneth more slowly to the same Meridian every day We have sufficiently explained the first part of the Proposition in the Demonstration of the Eleventh Proposition although in this demonstration we have taken the Altitude of the Sea the Moon possessing the Meridian but in this Proposition by reason that in the proceeding we have shewed that in many places that Altitude doth happen the Moon being constituted without the Meridian we do not reckon in them the hours from the time in which the Moon possesseth the Meridian but for that time in which the Moon occupieth that vertical place in the which when that the Moon is it is manifest that the greatest intumescency is Yet in these places the period of the increment ot decrement doth not exactly observe these twelve hours witih twenty four minutes or twenty four hours with fifty minutes because that the Moon by reason of its various and mutable distance from the vertex either in more or fewer hours returneth to the same vertical which difference notwithstanding is not great Although therefore in all places the flux and reflux be compleated almost in twelve hours and twenty four minutes when that there are no tempests also in most this time is equally divided between the flux and reflux so that in six hours it floweth and in so many refloweth yet in some places the time of the flux is unequal to the time of the deflux viz. more or less The flux and reflux of the Ocean at the River Garumna in France The Ocean entereth Garumna a River in France in seven hours and resloweth in five So at the Port of Maccoa on the Coast of China the flux is in nine hours and refloweth in three yea in less if that the Eastern winds blow On the contrary at the Coast of Zenega a River of Aethiopia the Sea floweth in four hours and refloweth in eight The causes of these differences are difficult Some refer them to the swift and valid efflux of the Rivers or also to a simple efflux for therefore the Shoar of Garumna discovereth the flux in seven hours because that its strong motion retardeth the flux but yet assisteth the deflux therefore the Sea refloweth in five hours Others have added those hours to the flux by reason that the Sea reflowing from the more Northern place hindreth least the Sea should hinder the egress from Garumna but rather be more forced on it But I suppose therefore to be by reason that Garumna poureth forth it self by a strong Motion from its inlet or mouth into the Ocean for some distance this efflux is prohibited on some part from the Sea and so the water of Garumna is at a stand also for some space before that the Sea by reason of the Moon entreth its
place may make the motion of the Sea fixed in another place The flux of the Sea in divers places at certain times So between the Isle Celebes and Madera when that the motion is West viz. in December January and February the Sea floweth to the South East or a more near Collateral wind than the East So at Java in the Streight Gallappa when the motion is West viz. in May the Sea floweth towards the East contrary to his general Motion At the Isle of Ceilan from the middle of March to October the Sea floweth towards the South on the rest of the Months towards the North viz. because that in those Months the North winds are frequent in others the South winds Between Cochin and Mallacca the Sea floweth with a Westernly motion from April to August contrary to the general motion towards the East then the rest of the time towards the West the winds assisting the general motion the Sea floweth here with so great a noise that those who know not the same suppose Rocks to be there against which the waters beat so for some months after the 15 of February the Sea is moved from the Maldivian Isles towards the East and India contrary to the general motion At the Coast of China and Camboja in October November and December the Sea is moved towards the North-West but in January towards the South-West with a very swift course to the Sands de Champa so that they seem to exceed the celerity of a stone that is slinged At Pulo Cato even unto Varella on the coast of Camboja when motions or winds do not blow the swift motion of the Sea is towards the South but the motions or winds move towards another quarter On the Coast of the Gulph of Bengala from Patana to the Promontory of Malacca in November and December a swift course of the Sea is observed towards the South In a motion or wind from China to Malacca in June July and August there is a vehement motion of the Sea from Pulo Cato to Pulo Cambir on the Coast of Camboja Many more Examples but less accurately consigned are to be read in the Journals of the Mariners At the Coast of Aguada de san Bras not far from the Promontory of Good Hope this is peculiarly observed that the Sea is always moved from the East to the West towards the land so much the more vehemently by how much the Occidental wind opposite unto it is more violent Questionless some adjacent Coast higher than it is the cause of it Proposition XXXI The circular motions of the Sea are threefold The cirçular motions of the Sea termed Whirlpools and Vortices are threefold For some only move the water in a round othersome suck in the water and in certain hours let it forth again and others suck it in but cast it not forth Although without doubt there be a fourth sort in the Channel of the Sea which casteth out and sucketh not in the waters Yet I do not remember that I have read in any Author such a Vortex to be found in the Sea but many are found on the land The Chalcidican Euripus or Vortex is famous in Greece especially by reason of the Fable concerning the death of Aristotle it receiveth water at certain hours and casteth them out in others The Vortex at Norway is the most noted and greatest of all for it is related to be 13 miles in circuit in the middle of it is a Rock called Mouske This Vorago in six hours sucketh in all that approacheth near it as Water Whales laden Ships and in so many hours vomiteth them all out again with a great violence noise and circumgyration of water The cause is unknown Between Normandy and England is a Vorago or Whirlpool unto which Ships are carried with a great swiftness and being near the Whirlpool are repelled back again Proposition XXXII The motion of the Sea which we call a Concussion or Trembling cometh from a spiration or wind which moveth the Earth or Water it self and causeth it to rise Of the concâ—ssion of the Sea and its cause On the Coast of Biscay is a place which the Inhabitants call Capbreton there sometimes the Sea swelleth without any winds so that it seemeth to overflow the shore it self and on a sudden falleth low The like intumescency is found in a Lake of Scotland called Loumond moved by a subterranean wind The Portugals in Anno 1523 in the Sea of Cambaja discovered a trembling of the water for in a great calm as Maffeus writeth all winds being still the Sea on a sudden swelled from the bottom thence the Ships began to roul and to fall foul of one another to their great astonishment Now in this great confusion and disturbance some cast the lead some pumped others more wise bethought themselves of escaping and got barrels on which they might swim but on an instant it was found to be an Earthquake which thus also disturbed the Ships on the Sea as well as the Land Proposition XXXIII Why the Pacifick Ocean is more calm and without great floods or waves and why it is easily moved or rough with a wind The cause without doubt is because its motions towards the West are not hindred by the intercourse of shoars as the Atlantick Ocean is CHAP. XV. Of Lakes Pools or standing Waters and Marishes Proposition I. Definitions Of Lakes A Lake is a quantity of Water in any cavity of a Mediterranean place of a notable amplitude and tract on all sides encompassed with the Land and at the least having a moderate profundity But more properly that is termed a Lake which receiveth in and letteth forth Rivers A Pool is a small Lake Pools which doth never receive or send forth Rivers A Marish is water in a Mediterranean place Marishes here and there having the lands extant and about it or mixed with the Earth Proposition II. Lakes are fourfold Lakes are Fourfold 1. Some neither send forth or receive Rivers and such Lakes if small are termed Pools but if large they are called Lakes 2. Some send forth Rivers but receive none 3. Others receive Rivers and send forth none And 4. some both receive and send forth Rivers and some of those send forth greater than they receive some equal and some lesser Also some send forth a River almost in the same line with that which they received others in another line or to another quarter also some receive more than they send forth some more few and some equal Proposition III. To declare the generation and conservation of those Lakes which neither send forth nor receive Rivers Those Lakes are either great moderate or small Some of the moderate and small perpetually remain so in the Summer and when it hath not rained for a long space are dried up and both these are termed Pools Now it is easy to declare the generation of those that are dried up viz. the plenty of
above almost maketh up and moderateth them To wit in the Regions of the Northern Temperate Zone it is Spring and Summer the Sun going from Aries by Cancer to Libra because then he is more near them Then the Sun going from Libra through Capricorn to Aries it is Autumn and Winter But in the Southern Temperate Zone the matter is contrary neither can those other causes altogether disable the force of this first and induce a new course of the seasons and be able to alter the times as in the Torrid Zone 2. Yet those Seasons of divers places vary so that in one place there may be more Heat or Cold or Rain than in another although the places lie in the same Climate but yet they cause not the Winter to be changed into Summer or Summer into Winter A Rocky Marshish and Maritim Land findeth somewhat another degree of heat or cold than Vallies or a Chalk and Maritim Land 3. The places in the Tropicks for the most part in the Summer have an excessive heat others a Pluvial Season so that they almost approach to the nature of the places of the Torrid Zone So in the part of the Kingdom of Guzarat lying without the Tropick at the same time the wet and dry months are observed which in the part lying beyond the Aequator the Summer is changed into a Pluvial Season yet then there is greater heat than the dry part of the year where they have a moderate cold and in truth in the places of the Temperate Zones we judg the Summer and Winter not from the drought and rains but from the heat and cold Now in the Coasts of Persia and Ormus there is so great heat without Rains in the Summer by reason of the vicinity of the Sun rhat both the Men and their Wives ly in Cisterns full of Water The like heat is in Arabia The Regions of Africa on the Mediterranean Sea are called the coast of Barbary Throughout all Barbary the middle of October being past Showers and Cold begin to increase and in December and January the cold is perceived more intense and that only in the morning and withal so remiss that the Fire is not desired February taketh away the greatest part of the cold from the Winter but yet it is so inconstant that sometimes 5 or 6 times in one day the Air changeth In the month of March the North and West Winds blow violently and cause whole trees to be vested with blossoms April giveth form almost to all Fruits so that the entrance of May and the end of April is wont naturally to produce Cherries In the middle of May they gather Figs and in the middle of June in some places are ripe Grapes Of the seasons of the year of Barbary the Figs or Autumn are gathered in August and there is no greater plenty of Figs and Pears than in September There is not so great intemperies of the year in those places but that the three months of the Spring are always temperate The entrance of the Spring that is the Terrestrial not the Celestial is as they reckon on the 15th of February and the end the 18th of May in all which time the Air is most grateful to them If from the 25th of April to the 5 of May they have no Rain they esteem the same as ominous They count their Summer even to the 16th of August at which time they have a very hot and serene Air. Their Autumn from the 17 of August to the 16 of November and they have that for two months to wit August and September yet not great That which is included between the 15 of August and the 15 of September was wont to be termed by the Antients the Furnace of the whole year and that because it produced Figs Pears and that kind of Fruit to maturity From the 15 of November they reckoned their Winter which they extend to the 14 of February At the entrance of this they begin to till their Land which is the plain but the mountainous in the month of October The Africans have a certain perswasion that the year hath 40 very hot days and on the other side so many cold The Opinion of the Arabians days which they say begin from the 12 of December They begin the Aequinoxes on the 16 of March and on the 16 of September Their Solstices on the 16 of June and the 16 of December The end of their Autumn all their Winter and a good part of their Spring is full of violent Winds accompanied with Hail Lightnings and dreadful Thunders neither is there wanting in many places of Barbary an abundance of Snow In Mount Atlas 7 degrees distant from the Tropick of Cancer they divide the year only into two parts for from October even to April they have a continual Winter and from April again to October they have Summer In this there is no day in which the Mountains tops glitter with Snow The seasons of Numidia In Numidia the parts of the year swiftly pass away for in May they reap their Corn in October they gather their Dates but from the middle of September to January a violent Frost continueth October abstaining from Rains all hopes of Sowing is taken from the Husbandman the same hapneth if that April produceth not Pluvial Water Leo Astricanus remembreth many Mountains of Snow in Africa not far from the Tropick of Cancer Of China The North part of China although no more remote from the Aequator than Italy yet it hath a cold more sharp for great Rivers and Lakes are congealed up with Frost the cause of which is not yet sufficiently known except we should refer it to the Snowy Mountains of Tartaria not far remote to the avoyding of which cold they abound with the Skins of Foxes and Scythilian Rats New England New England although it lie in 42 degrees of North Latitude and therefore no more removed from the Aequator than Italy yet in the month of June when Sir Francis Drake was there the Air was so vehement cold that he was compelled to sayl back to the South for the Mountains were then covered with Snow The cause is the Frigid temperature of the Earth being Stony The seasons of Aegypt In Aegypt which is bounded with the Tropick of Cancer the Spring and Temperate Season of the year is observed about January and February The Summer beginneth with March and April and continueth June July and August The Autumn possesseth September and October The Winter hath November and December About the beginning of April they Reap their Corn and presently thresh it After the 20 of May not an Ear of Corn is to be seen in the Fields no Fruits on the trees On the Ides of June the inundation of the Nilus beginneth The seasons in the streights of Magellan In the Streights of Magellan and the adjacent Regions although they be no more distant from the Aequator than our parts
FRANCE viz. In the Estates of the CATHO LICK KING to wit In SPAIN as The County of Rousillon where are Perpignan Elne Collioure Salces c. The County of Cerdagne Puy Cerda c. The Principality of Catalogne and County of Barcelone where are Barcelona Girona Vich Solsona Urgel Manressa Cardona Cadegues c. In the LOW COUNTRY as Part of the County of Flanders Gravelines Wasten Part of the County of Artois Arras Hesdin Bappaumes Part of the County of Haynaut Landrochy Part of the Dutchy of Luxenbourg Thionville Damvillers In the FRENCH COUNTY as Part of the Balliages of Gray Vesoul Lure c. Part of the Balliages of Salins Arbois Poligny Bletterans St. Amour Joux c. In divers Lands and Principalities the most part of which are esteemed in the Empire of GERMANY to wit In the Estate of LORRAIN as The Dutchy of Barrois Barle Duc Ligny St. Michael Pont a Moosson The Dutchy of Lorrain Nancy Mirecourt Newchasted on the Meuse Dieuze Sirke c. The Bishoprick of Metz Vic Moyen-Vic Marsal St. Avold Alberstrof Espernay About LORRAIN as The Principality of Sedan The Principality of Arches or Charleville Clermont Stenay Jametz The County of Biche In and about the PALATINATE of the RHINE as Part of the Palatinate of the Rhine Bacharach Creutznach Altzheim Oppenheim Neustat Landau Cermosheim c. Part of the Archbishoprick of Mayence Mayence Bingen c. Part of the Bishoprick of Wormes Wormes Part of the Bishoprick of Spire Spire Udenheim or Philipsbourâ— Part of the Estate of Bade Baden Durlach Pfortzheim c. In ALSACE or ALSATIA as Low Alsace Haguenau Saverne c. Higher Alsace Colmar Schlestat Brisach Newbourg c. County of Pfirt or Ferrette and Country of Sungou Ferrette Tannes Befo rt Blome Landseror c. About ALSACE as The County of Monbeliard c. The Bishoprick of Basle Porentru St. Uâ—sand Dalsperg or Delmont c. The County of Reinfield Reinfield Lanffenbourg Waldshout In the Dutchy of Wirtenberg Hohen-Wiel In Piedmont Pignerol c. In ITALY In the Estates of the Duke of SAVOY to wit In the Principality of Piedmont Turin Suze Avigliane Chivas Santja Ast Quierascq Coni Caours c. In the Marquisate of Saluces Carmagnole Demont In the Estates of MONFERRAT viz. In the Dukedom of Savoy Trin c. In the Dukedom of Mantoua Casal Aqui. On the River of GENES The Principality of Monaco or Morgues Rt. Worshipfull Sr. Iustinian 〈◊〉 of Lamport in Northamptoâ—shire Baronet 〈◊〉 Mapp is Humbly DD. by R. Blome GENERALL MAPP of the KINGDOM of FRANCE Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King FRANCE FRANCE is esteemed the most fertil and powerful Kingdom in Europe and the best next to England that can subsist without the help of others It is seated about the 45th degrees of Latitude It s Scituation which is in the midst of the Temperate Zone It is washed on the East with the Rhine together with an imaginary line drawn from Strasburgh to Calais on the South by the Mediterranean Seas and opens a passage to the Northern Ocean on the West by the Aquitain Sea and on the North by the British Ocean Its Bounds It extends it self from the 42 degrees of Latitude unto the 51 and from the 15th of Longitude to the 29th which makes its length and breadth to be above 200 French Leagues It is contiguous to the Low Countries on the North to Germany and Italy on the East and to Spain on the South It s Soil and Commodities It is of an extraordinary fertil Soil affording three excellent and useful Commodities in great plenty viz. Corn Wine and Salt also Oil Almonds Paper Canvass Linnen both fine and course Oade Corral Skins Nuts Stuffs and several Manufactures Toies and Curiosities It is very plentiful in all Provisions It s People It is exceeding populous and crouded with Towns and Cities once numbring 100000 Parishes which are now reduced to a less number The People are well proportionate and indifferent handsom especially the Men they are of a ready and Mercurial wit of a courteous Behaviour of a hot Brain and soon moved to Broils they are very active and given to Exercises in weighty Affairs both Civil and Martial they are not over subtle their first attempt being like thunder and their end like smoak In matters of Religion they generally follow the Church of Rome in which they are not over strict It would be too tedious to observe all the different Orders and Governments in this Kingdom we will content our selves to say that in the Assemblies of the General Estates where the Nobility Clergy and third Estate have their Seats it is divided into twelve several Government of which four are on this side or if you please Northwards of the Loire four upon and about the Loire and four beyond the South of the Loire The four on this side are Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champaigne the four about the Loire are Bretaigne Orleance or Orlenois Bourgogne or Burgundy and Lionois and the four beyond the Loire are Guienne and Gascoigne Languedoc Dauphin and Provence In each Government are several Parts or Countries which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of the Kingdom of which in order Goverment of Picardy PICARDY is divided into the Higher and Lower in both of which are divers good Towns in the Lower are 1. Calais called by Coesar Portus Iccius held by the English near 200 years and was then esteemed the Key of the Kingdom it is esteemed one of the best Ports in Picardy seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about eight Leagues once a place of great Trade as being the Staple of English Wools now only of note for its being the receipt of Passengers from this Kingdom to England to and fro 2. Bulloigne a strong Frontier Town towards the Sea 3. Abbeville also a strong Frontier Town In the higher Picardy are 1. Amiens a Frontier City towards Flanaers well fortified and famous for the sudden loss and as sudden and brave regaining it by Henry the Fourth 2. St. Quintin a strong Frontier Town Dukedom of Normandy NORMANDY well watered with Rivers amongst which are the Seine Anon and Orne It is well garnished with Cities and Towns many of which are commodiously seated for Trade by reason of their vicinity to the British Ocean the chief of which are 1. Roan its Metropolis seated in the higher Normandy on the banks of the Seine over which there is a famous Bridge of Boats Here is held one of the Parliaments of France and it is a place of as great Trade as any in France being one of the three principal Towns where Exchanges are used Here the English have a publick Hall allowed them for the sale of English Woolen cloth to which place at certain days they are constrained to expose them to sale 2. Havre de Grace or Now Haven the strongest
together extend from about the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 57th which are about 225 French Leagues and from the 38th of Longitude unto the 61 and have near as much Continent again as France They are bounded on the East for the most part by Moscovy Bounds and part of the Petit Tartars on the South the Mountains oâ— Caprack and the River Neister divide them from Hungaria Transilvania and Moldavia on the West by Germany and toucht in part on the Balticâ— Sea and on the North they are bounded part by Livonia and Moscovy Ancient Inhabitants The Ancient name of Poland was Sauromatia from its Inhabitants the Sauromatae afterwards by Lechius the first Duke hereof in Anno 550 it was called Poland which signifies a plain Country as generally it is It was made a Kingdom by the Emperour Otho the Third Anno 1000 Boleslaus being Duke and hath ever had its Dukes and Kings elected by the States who by reason of their vicinity to the Turks generally chuse a Warriour Fertility Commodities c. The Country is plain well clothed with Firs and other Timber-Trees the Air is so cold that they have neither Wine nor Grapes instead of which having store of Barly they make use of the Old drink of England viz. Ale The Country is well furnished with Grains and Fruits but they are but lean their chief Commodities are rich Furs Horses Hony Wax Bow-staves Buff-hides Ambergreese Flax Linnen-cloth Masts Cordage Boards Wainscot Timber Rozin Tar and Pith of both kinds Match Iron Stock-fish Salt digged out of the Earth Pot-ashes Rye in great plenty for which it hath made Dantzick famous It is well furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish and to waâ—ds the Carpatian Mountains of Hungaria are found Mines of Gold and Silver as also Iron and Brimstone To the R t Worship Full Sr Robert Clayton of the Citty of London Kt and Alderman and Lord Mayr thee of Anno 1680 This Mapp is D D by R B P of the ESTATES of the CROWNE of POLAND where are the KINGDOM of POLAND withits Palatinates the DUTCHES of RUSSIA-NOIRE CUJAVIA MOZOVIA PRUSSIA â—IA VOLHYNIA PODOLIA c Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King The Revenue of the King The Revenue of the King is not great for so large a Country and that which is he receiveth from them quarterly the Kingdom being divided into four Parts every one of which keepeth the King and Court a quarter which Revenue is not certain but more or less according to his occasions by War Marriage of his Daughters or the like Poland with its parts and chief places The Kingdom is divided throughout into Palatinates and Castlewicks Poland taken particularly is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Palatinates of Cracou Sandomirz and Lublin Places of most note in these parts are 1. Cracou or Cracovia seated in a Plain and on the Banks of the Vistula dignified with the residence of the King It is in form round the Houses fair and lofty and built of Freestone in the midst of the City is a large Quadrangle Market-house where is seated the Cathedral Church and the Senate-house for the Citizens about which are several Shops for Merchants The City is encompassed with two strong Stone Walls and a dry Ditch on the East-side of the City is the Kings Castle being fair well built and pleasantly seated on a Hill as also the Kings and Queens Lodgings on the West is a Chappel where the Kings are interr'd and on the North-side Lodgings for Entertainment and Feasting the South-side being without Buildings but as to matters of Trade this City is of small account Also Sandomirz and Lublin both chief Cities of their Palatinates are in the higher Polonia or Poland Lower Poland In the Lower Poland are the Palatinates of Posna Kalisch Sirad Lencinâ— Dobrzin Ploczk and Rava whose chief Cities or places bear the same name and are the residence of their Palatines Besides which there are several other Towns of good note which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the Kingdom and in chief Posna and Gnesna dignified with the See of an Archbishop who during the Interregnum of the King holdeth the Supream Authority in the Kingdom and summoneth the Diets To Poland doth also belong the Dutchies of Russia Noire Cujavia Mazovia Prussia and Polaquie Russia Noire RVSSIA NOIRE hath for its chief places Loewenberg and Belz both chief of their Palatinates OVJAVIA hath for its principal places Brzesti and Vladislau Cujavia both chief of their Castelwicks Mazovia with its places MAZOVIA hath only one Palatinate viz. Czersk under which is comprised several Cities and Castlewicks the chief of which is Warzaw one of the fairest in the Kingdom it oft-times being the residence of the Kings of Poland a place noted for its excellent Metheglin here made PRVSSIA is considered in two parts Prussia which are called Royale and Ducale Prussia Royale is immediately subject to the Crown of Poland and hath its Palatinates in the Cities of 1. Dantzick seated on the Vistula at its influx into the Baltick Sea and at the foot of a great Mountain which hangs over it it is the fairest best and of the greatest Trade of any in Prussia Through this City runs a River very commodious to the Inhabitants whereon are many Mills for the grinding of Corn which is here found in great plenty as also a Water-Mill for the conveyance of water in Pipes to their Houses and by reason of its great Trade for Corn with England and other parts they have a great many Granaries or Store-houses for the same which is hither brought them from Poland 2. Elbin though but small yet a fair City and indifferently well frequented by the English Merchants 3. Marienburg the Seat of the Masters of the Dutch Knights 4. Culne and 5. Thorn which though it hath no Palatinate is esteemed by many next to Dantzick Prussia Ducale belongs to the Marquess of Brandenbourg who holds it from the Crown of Poland It hath only one Palatinate at Koningsberg seated on an Inlet of the Baltick Sea and washed with the River Pegel it is a fair City a famous Mart and a good University and before its Coast is gathered great quantity of Ambergriece This Ambergriece is the juyce of a Stone growing like Coral on a Rock in the North-Sea continually covered with Water and in the Months of September and December by the violence of the Sea is rent from the Rocks and cast into the Havens of the Neighbouring Countries POLAQVIE is a small Province between the Estates of Poland and Lithuania Polaquie and seems to have belonged to Mozavia Bielsk is the Seat of its Palatinate And hitherto we have treated of the Estates of Poland almost all on the Vistula or the Rivers that fall into it on which are seated the three fairest Cities of these Quarters viz. Cracow towards its Spring
Kexholm or Barelogorod INGRIA which is not subdivided into Provinces Notteburg or Orescu Juanogorod Caporia Jamagorod LIVONIA in part as The rest belongeth to the Crown of POLAND ESTEN or ESTONIE where are the parts of Esten Febin Vickeland Pernajo Habsel Harneland Revel Wireland Wiesenburg Tolsburg Alantack Nerva Nyslot Jervenland Wittenstein Kikeland Derpt LETTEN with its parts and places as they lie Towards the West Riga Segenwold Wenden Walmer Towards the South Koekenhaus Creutzburg Dunburg Towards the East Maryenburg SCANDINAVIA Wherein are the ESTATES of DENMARK AND SWEDEN The extent bounds c. of Scandinavia SCANDIA or SCANDINAVIA is only a Peninsula which extends it self from the 56th degree of Latitude unto or beyond the 71 which are near 400 Leagues from North to South and from the 26th degree of Longitude unto the 45th on the Baltick Sea and on the Ocean unto the 53 but this Mass of Land cannot have in its greatest breath above 150 Leagues finishing in two points towards South and North. It s scituation c. It is bounded on the North and West by the Northern Ocean and on the South and East by the Baltick Sea a continual Chain of Mountains dividing it into two almost equal parts of which one is on the Baltick Sea and the other on the Ocean this possessed by the King of Denmark the other by the King of Sweden DENMARK Its Commodities THe Estates of DENMARK contain two Kingdoms to wit DENMARK and NORWAY Denmark is between the Ocean and the Baltick Sea composed of a Peninsula contiguous to Germany and of a Coast contiguous to Sweden and of divers Isles which are between the Peninsula and Coast some likewise in the middle of the Baltick Sea and near Livonia It is scituate partly in the Northern Temperate Zone and partly within the Artick Circle extending from the 55th degree of Longitude or the middle Parallel of the 10th Clime where it joyneth to Germany as far as 71 degrees where it is bounded by the Frozen Ocean the longest day in the most Southern parts being 17 ¼ hours but in the most Northern parts they have no Night for almost three Months whereas on the other side when the Sun is in the other Tropick and most remote from them they have no Day for the like time This Country is very cold and consequently not over fertil nor affording good Fruits The Commodities that this Kingdom affords are Fish Hides Tallow Furniture for Shipping as Pitch Tar Cordage Masts c. also Firr Boards Wainscot several sorts of Armour c. VIRTUTE NON VI To the Rt. honble 〈…〉 Lord 〈…〉 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 Dâ—â—â—â—â— Earl of 〈◊〉 and L d of his Maitys most Honourable privy Councell c 1678 of 〈…〉 younger son of one of the Danish Kings that came into England with William the Conquerour This Mapp is Humbly dedicated by R B â—â—PP OF THE KINGDOME OF DENNMARKE WITH ITS SEVERALL DIOECESES OR PROVINCES DESIGNED BY MONSIEUR SANSON GEO Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants for the most part are of a good statute and complexion very healthful ingenious and of a ready wit very punctual in performing their Promises proud and high conceited of their own worth lovers of Learning as may appear by those Famous men it hath bred viz. Tycho Brahe the great Mathematician John Cluverus the renowned Philosopher and Physitian Godfrey Gottricus that stout Warriour who not only setled the Government of this Kingdom but also shook the Realm of France likewise Waldemare Christiern the Second and Fourth Canutus and Sueno which two last were the Conquerors of England They are great punishers of Offenders especially Theft and Piracy their Women are of a comly grace very fair and as fruitful in Children discreet and sober The Peninsula called JVITLAND once Cimbrica Chersonesus Juitland from the Cimbrians its ancient Inhabitants it is divided into North and South Juitland North JVITLAND is severed into the Bishopricks of Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg Diocess of Ripen RIPEN contains 30 Prefectures or Herets as they term them 7 Cities or walled Towns and 10 Castles It s chief places are 1. Ripen seated near the German Ocean the chief place of the Diocess and dignified with an Episcopal See 2. Kolding seated on a Creek of the Baltick Sea 3. Wee l 4. Warde c. Diocess of Arthusen ARTHVSEN containeth 31 Prefecture 7 Cities or walled Towns and 5 Castles It s chief places are 1. Arthusen seated on the Baltick Sea having a commodious and well frequented Port and dignified with an Episcopal See 2. Kalla a strong place seated in a large Bay reaching two Dutch miles to the high Hill of Elemanberg opposite to which lie the Isles of Hilgones Tuen Samsoe Hiarneo and Hiolm c. 3. Horsens 4. Randersen 5. Ebelto and 6. Hobro Diocess of Albourg ALBOVRG which is divided into four parts viz. Thyland whose chief Town is Albourg seated on the Bay of Limford which opening into the Baltick Sea extendeth it self through the main Land almost to the German Ocean 2. Hanebert on the North-west of Limford Bay containeth 4 Prefectures and hath for its chief place Thystad 3. Morsee lying on the Ocean contains 3 Prefectures the Isle of Ageroe the Town of Nicopin and the Castle of Lunstead and 4. Vensyssel according to Mercator Vandalorum sedes or the Seat of the Vandals contains 6 Prefectures 3 Towns and 1 Castle viz. Selby Cagen and Hirring Diocess of Wibourg WIBOVRG contains 16 Prefectures the Isles of Egholm Hansholm Bodum Idgen Cisland and Ostholm also it hath 3 Castles and as many Cities or walled Towns viz. 1. Wibourg dignified with an Episcopal See and the Courts of Judicature for both the Juitlands The point of Scagen or Scean ends this Peninsula towards the North. 2. Lemwick and 3. Holcker South JVITLAND is divided into the Dukedoms of Sleswick and Holstein SLESWICK a Country for the most part level Sleswick enriched with fertil Fields both for Corn and Pasturage it is very well provided with good Bays on the Baltick which are found commodious for Merchants The chief places in this Dukedom are 1. Sleswick seated on the Slea which falls into the Baltick where it hath a commodious and well frequented Haven it is a fair Town the chief of the Dukedom and honoured with an Episcopal See 2. Hussen seated on the German Ocean 3. Sternberg the ordinary residence of the Governour for the King of Denmark 4. Hadersleben seated on a navigable In-let of the Baltick and fortified with a strong and fair Castle 5. Flensborg seated on the Baltick amongst high Mountains having a Port so commodious and deep that Ships do lade and unlade close to their Houses and 6. Gottrop where there is a strong Fort belonging to the Duke of Sleswick seated at the end of a large Bay of the Baltick of note for the Custom-house or Tole-booth there erected for Cattle sent out of these parts into Germany
whole Estate of the great Duke of Moscovy is of a larger extent thâ—â— any other in Europe stretching it self 5 or 600 Leagues in length and breadâ—â— reaching from the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 70th or 72 and from the 50th of Longitude unto the 100th and sometimes to the 110th Moscovy hath its Estates bounded on the East by Tartary and beyond the Rivers Volga and Oby on the South by the Caspian or Euxine Seas on the North by the Septentrional or frozen Ocean and on the West by Norway the Estates of Sweden and Poland â—ts Commodities The Commodities that this Empire yieldeth are rich Furrs of divers sorts Pot-ashes Hemp Flax Honey Wax Cables Yarn and other Cordage Feathers ' Linnen Cloth both course and fine Train-oyle Rozin Pitch Caviare Tallow Iron Salt Sea-horse Teeth Astracan-hides Tann'd-hides Rawâ—hides dried-Fish great increase of Grains with many other good Commoâ—dities here are great store of Cattle Elkes Stags Bears Wolves Venison Tigres Linxes Hares c. great plenty of Fowl and Fish common with us in England and the Earth affordeth them plenty of Fruits Roots and Herbs The Air is exceeding sharp and piercing in the Winter and subject to exâ—cessive great Frosts but what with their warm clothing with Furrs and their Stoves in their Houses they endure it well enough and as their Winteâ— is thus cold their Summer is as hot and troublesome the Sun being as it werâ— above their Horizon To the R. t honble S. r Edu Dering of Surrenden Dering in Kent Bart one of the Lords Comissioner of his Ma y Treasury This Mapp is most humbly Dedicated by Richard Brome 〈◊〉 â—APP OF THE ESTATES OF THE GREAT DUKE OF RUSSIA BLANCH OR MOSCOVIA Designed by Mouncr. â—â—â—â—â—n Geographer to the French King This Country according to some is called the Mother of Rivers Rivers amongst which the Volga the Don or Tana and the Dovine or Dwine are the most famous and especially the Volga which is the greatest and noblest in all Europe both for its course and the force of its Water running 7 or 800 Leagues and receives abundance of other Rivers Moscovy ill inhabited Moscovy for the most part is ill Inhabited and especially towards the North and East these quarters being cold full of Forests and some of their People Idolaters that which is towards Sweden and Poland is more frequented more civiliz'd and its Cities and Towns better built that which lieth towards the South and in all likelyhood should be the best is partly Mahometan and often infected by the Petit Tartars But a word or two of its People about Mosco which by reason of its being the residence of the Great Duke are supposed to be the most civiliz'd and ingenious It s People The People are naturally ingenious enough yet they addict themselves neither to Arts or Sciences but chiefly to Traffick and Husbandry in which they are very subtle they are observed to be great Liars perfidious treacherous distrustful crafty revengeful quarrelsom proud much addicted to Women and strong Drink but Tobacco is forbidden amongst them Their Houses are but mean and as ill furnished contenting themselves to lie on Matts or Straw instead of Beds they are gross feeders yet have wherewithal to feed deliciously Their habit which they seldom or never change is much the same with the ancient Greeks wearing long Robes of Cloth Sattin Silk Their Habit. Cloth of Gold or Silver which is beset with Pearls according to the quality of the person by which together with their attendance they are known and under these Robes they wear close Goats and Drawers begirting themselves with Swashes on their feet they wear Buskins and on their heads Caps instead of Hats adorned with Pearl and precious Stones which in their Salutations they move not only bow their bodies They are for the most part fat and corpulent esteeming great Bellies and long and great Beards for a comliness the Women though indifferent handsom yet make use of Paint In the performance of their Nuptial Rites they use many Ceremonies which are largely treated of by Adam Olearius in his Book entituled the Ambassadours Travels into Moscovy and Persin whose description I shall make use of wherein he saith That young Men and Maids being debarr'd the Society of each other Maidens not being allowed the freedom of the Street or society with Men Their Ceremonies in Marriage it happens that no Marriages are made but by the consent of the Parents and the bargain being agreed on by them the Wedding-day is appointed the Night before which the young Man makes his never yet seen Bride a Present according to their Qualities He saith further that there are two Women appointed by them who are to take order for the making the Nuptial Bed c. which is made upon about 40 sheaves of Rye which are encompassed with a great many Barrels of Wheat and other Grains All things being made ready the Bridegroom late in the Evening goes to the Brides accompanied with his Friends and Relations together with the Priest who is to marry them riding before them and being received in are brought to a Table where three Dishes of Meat are brought but none eats thereof then after some Ceremonies the Bride is brought in richly clad in a sitting dress for that Solemnity by the said Women who places her by the Bridegroom and to prevent their seeing one another besides the Vaâ—l over the Brides face they are parted by a piece of crimson Tassety which is held by two Youths which done the said Woman ties up her Hair in two knots paints her puts a Crown neatly made and gilded on her head and habits her like a married Woman the other Woman chosen by them paints the Bridegroom and whilst this is doing the Women get up on Benches and sing several Songs then after several ridiculous Ceremonies they go to the Church and before the Priest gives them the Benediction he carries them to the Offering which consists of fryed Meats Fish and Pastry the Benediction is given by holding Images over their heads and the Priest taking the Bridegroom by the right hand and the Bride by the left and asks them three times if they will love one another as Man and Wife ought and whether it be by their consent to which both answer Yes then all the People joyn hands and dance whilst they and the Priest sing the 128 Psalm which ended he puts a Garland of Rue about their heads saying Increase and multiply and then consummating the Marriage saith Whom God hath joyned together let no man separate which being pronounced several Wax-Candles are lighted and the Priest is presented with a Glass of Claret and being pledg'd by the Married couple he throws down the Glass and he and the Bride tread it under their feet saying May they thus fall at our feet and be trodden to pieces who shall endeavour to sow discontent betwixt us Then after
him to instruct the Child to have a devotion to his Saint Ecclesiastical Government Their Ecclesiastical Government consists of a Patriarch which is the Head of the Church and as it were Pope who hath under him several Metropolitans Archbishops Bishops Arch-Deacons Proto-Popes and Priests The Grand Duke of Moscovy is absolute Lord both of the Lives and Estates of his Subjects whom he treats little better than Slaves his chiefest aim being for what he can get more than the good and welfare of his People being not subject to Laws but makes what seemeth good unto him which though never so tyrannical are strictly obeyed yet he will seem to take advice of his Knez and Bojares who are as his Privy Council His Revenues and Riches cannot but be great from the several ways from which he raiseth it as by Illegal Taxes Customes his Lands and what he taketh from his Subjects at pleasure He is apparelled like a King and a Bishop wearing with the Royal Robes a Miter and a Crosiers-Staff and observeth a great deal of state and grandure The Estates of MOSCOVY comprehend 3 Kingdoms about 30 Dutchies or Provinces and about 20 People or Nations who live by hoords or Communalties all which I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Moscovy The Country is not so populous as spacious nor very well frequented by Strangers so that I cannot give so good account thereof as otherwise I would of which in order Province of Dwina DWINA a Province of a large extent but very barren hath for its chief places Dwina seated on the River so called which falls into the Northern Ocean and on the Mouth of the said River on the Sea-shoar is seated the City of St. Michael commonly called Arch-Angel a place of note for its great Trade and much resorted unto by the English PLESKOW Pleskow a large Province whose chief place is so called being large and fain and the only walled City in the Empire a place of great strength very populous and dignified with an Episcopal See NOVOGRODECK Novogrodeck very Northernly seated a Province also of a large extent whose chief place is so called seated on the River Naf dignified with and Episcopal See a City which for fairness and largness might once compare with any in Russia being formerly one of the Mart-Towns of Europe which is now removed to St. Nicholas a Port-Town more convenient for the Moscovian Trade CARGAPOL WOLOGDA and BIELEZERO whose chief places bear their names are Provinces of this Dukedom Province of Moscovia MOSCOVIA is one of the largest Provinces in all Russia and seated in the midst of this large Estate so called from Mosco its Metropolitan City seated on a River so called dignified with the Imperial Seat as also with the See of the Patriarch This City before its firing by the Tartars was 9 or 10 miles in circuit but now not above half the compass it is very populous and hath for Divine worship 16 Churches of which about half are made of Wood and Dirt as are most of the Houses The Palace of the Great Duke is seated in the heart of the City a large Structure well fortified with 17 Turrets and 3 great Bulwarks which are always guarded with about 25000 Souldiers which with two Castles seated in the outward parts of this City is its only defence being without a Wall or Ditch WOLODOMIRE is a Dutchy very fertil in Corn Wolodimire its chief City being so called once dignified with the residence of the Great Duke till removed to Mosco from which it is distant 36 Leagues now dignified with an Episcopal See T WER is a fair T wer fertil and populous Province washed by the Volga its chief place is so called dignified with the See of a Bishop which for beauty and largness may compare with Mosco from which it is distant about 140 miles RESCHOWA Reschowa a Dutchy Bielski which takes its name from its chief City as doth the Dutchy of BIELSKI from Biela REZAN is a Dutchy so fertil that its fellow cannot be found in all these parts yielding Corn to admiration Rezan it s chief City also hears the same name which is seated on the River Occa dignified with an Episcopal See WOROTIN Worotin a Province also so called from its chief City seated on the said River Occa and defended by a strong Castle PERMSKI Permski a Province of a large extent its chief City is so called seated on the River Vischora WIATKA Wiatka a barren and woody Country and much pester'd with the Incursions of the Crim Tartars its chief place being so called PETZORA is a Province fenced on all sides by losty Mountains and Rocks Petzora its chief place takes the name of the Province seated on a River so called near its fall into the Sea and on these Mountains are found excellent Hawks and Sables which bring some profit to the Inhabitants Other Provinces INHORSKI CONDORA OVSTIOVGA SVSDAL ROSTHOW and JAROSLAV are Provinces of this Dukedom Towards the South Cason and about the Don and the Volga are several Cities People and Fortresses as are mentioned in the Geographical Table as are several Provinces or Estates upon and beyond the River Oby Besides these Provinces the Grand Duke holds at present towards Asia the Kingdoms of Casan Bulgaria and Astracan CASAN is a Kingdom in Tartaria Deserta Bulgaria whose chief place is so called seated on the Volga now dignified with the See of a Bishop is in the Kingdom of BVLGARIA whose chief place is so called ASTRACAN lieth on the Volga Astracan whose chief place is so called enjoyeth a good Trade especially by the Armenians by reason of its commodious scituation on the branches of the Volga about 20 Italian miles from the Caspian Sea The ISLES of GREAT BRITAIN with the Territorles thereto belonging are those of GREAT BRITAIN where are at this day two Kingdoms and one Principallty to wit The Kingdom of ENGLAND which according to the SAXON HEPTARCHY hath had Seven Kingdoms viz. Kingdom of KENT Canterbury Rochester Kingdom of SOUTH SAXONS Southwards Chichester Winchelsey Kingdom of EAST ANGLES Norwich Ipswich Cambridge Ely Kingdom of EAST SAXONS Colchester London Kingdom of WEST SAXONS Exeter Bristol Rath Salisbury Southampton Dorchester Kingdom of NORTHUMDERS York Lancaster Durham Carlifle Barwick Kingdom of MERCIA Leicester Lincoin Nortingham Darby Oxford Gloucester Worcester Leichfield Chester Hereford The Principallty of WALES as it was divided into SOUTH WALES Brecknock Cardigan Cardiff Monmouth NORTH WALES Flint Denbigh Carnarvan Mongomary The Kingdom of SCOTLAND which hath once had the Kingdoms of the SCOTS beyond the Tay Cromartly Eigin Aberdone Perch Dunkeldon PICTS on this side the Tay Dunslafag Dunkirton St. Andrews Dunblain Sterling Edinburgh Glasco IRELAND or The Kingdom of IRELAND with its Provinces which were formerly so many Kingdoms viz. ULSTER Donegal Dungannon Armagh Tredagh MUNSTER Cassile Lymerick Kinsale Corke
Waterford CONNAUGHT Slego Galloway Refecomen Letrim LEINSTER Molingar Trymm Dublin Kildare Kilkenny And a great many small ISLES to wit those About SCOTLAND The Oreades Kirkwall The Isles of Sherland Burgh The Western Isles Colmkill About ENGLAND The Sorlings St. Mary The Isle of Man Rusbin The Isle of Wight Newport The Isle of Jarfey St. Hâ—llary The Isle of Garnsey St. Peters In AFRICA in the Kingdom of Fex Tangler Besides the several Factories belonging to the Royal Company from Sally in South-Barbary to Cape Ronns Esperanâ—â— as at â—amâ—â— Rio Nuno Rio Grande Siera Liona Serbro Cestos Aâ—hin Anta Comenda Cape Corso Acara Cormentine Aâ—dra Renin Cailabar c. In the East Indies in ASIA the several Factories belonging to the East-India Company a Surat Bambay Curwar Baricale Câ—lieâ—t Fort St. George Pentapoll Musullpatâ—n Bellisar Ougely In the West Indies or North AMERICA On the Continent New England Boston New York New York New Jersey Mary-Land Virginia James Town Carolina Charlos Town The ISLES of Newfound-Land the Bahama Isles Bermudes St. Georges Jamaica Port Royal. Barbados St. Michaels St. Christophers Basse Terre Nieves Bath-bay Monferat Autega Angullia St. Vincent St. Dominies Harbada The Kingdom of ENGLAND may be divided into ENGLAND particularly so eali'd in which If Monmouthshire were included there would be 40 Shires and which according to the SAXONS Haptarchy are thus divided and that as they regard the 4 Quarters and then The Nine towards the East and South and which made the Kingdoms of KENT where is only Kent Ginâ—erbâ—ry Rochester Dover Sandwich SOUTH SAXONS which contained the Regm are the Counties of Surrey Soâ—thweâ—k Kingstoâ—â— Sussex Chichester Winchelsey Lewes EAST ANGLES which contained the Iceni are the Counties of Norfolk Norwich Yâ—rmouth Suffoâ—k â—â—swich St. Edmonds-Bury Cambridgshire Cambridge Ely EAST SAXONS which contained the Trinobantes are the Counties of Essex Colchester Norwich Middlesex London Westminster Hartfordshire Hartford St. Albons The Seven regarding the West and which have made the Kingdom of the WEST SAXONS are the Dammonii of Counties of Cornwal Launston Padstow Devonshire Exeter Plimouth Dartmouth Belge of Counties of Somerseâ—shire Bristol Bath Wells Bridgwater Wiltshire Salisbury Malâ—bury Hamshire Southampton Winchester Durotriges or Counties of Dorsetshire Dorchester Weymouth Berkshire Windsor â—edding The Six towards the North and which have made the Kingdom of the NORTHUMBERS are the Counties of Yorkshire York Hull Richmond Lancashire Lancaster Lirpool Durham Durham Cumberland Carlisle Periâ—h Westmerland Kendale Apleby Northumberland Barwick Newcastle The Seventeen in the middle of the Country and which have made the Kingdom of MERCIA are the Iceny or County of Huntingtonshire Huntington St. Ives Canlejuâ—anl or Counties of Buckinghamshire Buckingham Bedfordshire Bedford Coritanl or Counties of Rutlandshire Upingham Northamptonshire Northampton Peterborough Lelcasâ—ershire Lelcester Harborow Lincolnshire Lincoln Boston Nortinghamshire Nortingham Derbyshire Derby Chesterfield Dobimi or Counties of Oxfordshire Oxford Henley Glocesâ—ershire Gloucester Cornavii or Counties of Worcestershire Worcester Warwickshire Warwick Coventry Staffordshire Stafford Litchfield Cheshire Chester Nantwich Shropshire Shrewsbury Bridgnorch Herefordshire Hereford The Principality of WALES where are 12 or 13 Counties and all towards the West of England and whereof Six towards the North and which have made the Kingdom of NORTH WALES as the Counties of Flintshire Flint St. Asaph Denbighshire Denbigh Carnarvanshire Carnarvan Isle of Anglesey Bawmorriâ— Mersoâ—etâ—shire Harlâ—ch Montgomeryshire Monrgomery Seven towards the South and which have made the Kingdom of SOUTH WALES as the Counties of Radnorshire Radnor Bracknockshire Brecknock Cardiganshire Cardigan Pembrockshire Pembroke Carmardenshire Carmarden Glamorganshire Cardiff Landaff Monmouthshire Monmouth In divers Isles In the Great Ocean to the West of Cornwal as the SORLINGS St. Mary In the Irish Ocean to the South of Scotland as the Isle of MAN Russia In the Narrow passage near Hantshire as the Isle of WIGHT Newport near France as the Isles of JARSEY St. Hillary GARNSBY St. Peters The Kingdom of KENT wherein is only the County of Kent may be divided Into The Lath of SUTTON which again is subdivided into the Hundreds of Black-heath Grenwich Deptford Wolledge Eltham Little and Lesues Eryth Plampsted Bromley and Beckenham Bromley Beckenham Rokesley St. Mary Cray Orpinton Axtan Dartford Wimbleton Greenhith Godsheath Sevenoke Otford Westram Westram Brafted Somerden Speldherst The Lath of AYLFORD where are the Hundreds of Watlington Pepenbury Capell Little Barnefeld Brenehely Twyford Yalding Lowy of Tunbridge Tunbridge Little Field Royden Wrotham Wrotham Stansted Larkfeld Malling Aylesford Maidstone Maidstone E. Farly Eyhorne Lenham Stockberry Gittingham and Chetham Rochester Chetham Shamell Cobham Tottingtrough Gravesend Hoo St. Maries St. James The Lath of SCRAY in which are the Hundreds of Milton Milton Queenborow Sittingborn Tenham Tenham Dodington Feversham Feversham Bocton under Bleane Bocton Under Bleane Felborough God Marshal Wye Wye Kirchâ—lt Barony Kenington Chart Ashford Catehill Pluckley Egerton Blackborne Apledore Orlaston Barkley Byddenden Cranbrook Cranbrook Stapleherst Marden Goodherst Marden Fincocks Bedgbury Great Barnfeld Flimwell Selbrightenden Sandhersl Rolvenden Rolvenden Tenderden Tenderden The Lath of SHEPWAY wherein are the Hundreds of Oxney Stone Aloesbridge Brookland Langport Lyde St. Martin Snargate Ham Ham. New-Church New-Church Bonington Worth Romney Hyth Streate Alington Byrcholt Franchis Braborne Stowting Stowting Heane Saltwood Lovingbergh Eltham Falkston Folkston The Lath of St. AUGUSTINE in which are the Hundreds of Bewsbrough Dover E. Langden Corniloo Sandown Deal Eastâ—y Sandwich Barfrayston Wingham Ruynes Kinghamford Barnhamdown Bredg and Petham Canterbury Patricksporne Downhamford VVickham Westgate St. Stephens Harbledown Whitstable VVhitstable Seasalter Bleangate Reculver Hearne Breston Elmeston Kingsloe which is the Isle of Thanet St. Johns St. Nicholas Mynster The Kingdom of the SOUTH-SAXONS which contained the Regni and now the Counties of SURREY which is divided into the Hundreds of Brixton Southwark Rotheriff Lamboth Batersey Putney Wandesworth Clapham Kingston Kingston Richmond Mottlack Croydon Croydon Cashalton Cheame Carshalton Tanridge Bletchingligh Burstow Reygate Reygate Horley Copthorne and Effingham Ewell Bansted Ebesham Darklug Darking Newdigate Charlewood Emley Cobham Waybridge Walton Chertsey Chertsey Egham Frimley Woking Guilford Ockham Woking Farnham Farnham Puttenham Peperharo Godalming Godalming Witley Blackheath and Wotton Albury Cranley Dunsfold SUSSEX which is divided into the Rapes of Chicester Chichâ—ster Mydhurst Rogar Binderton Eastbourne Chydham Thorney Emley West Wittering Selsey Arundell Petworth Arundell Storington Hampâ—on Fering Burpham Barham Billingshurst Rudgwick Bramber Horsham Shoram Stening Tarring Shipley Etchingfold Rusper Lewes Lewes Cuxfield Brighthemstoâ— Myching Oford Stamner Porstad Wivelsfeld Balcombe Crawley Pevensey East Grinsted Buckhurst East-Bourn Mayfield Flerching Haylsham Bishopston East Deane Pemsey Hastings Wincheâ—sey Rye Hastings Battle Wartling Warbleton Euwood Burwash Flimwell Nordiam The Kingdom of the EAST ANGLES which contained the Iceni or Counties of NORFOLK as it is divided into the Hundreds of East Flegg Yarmouth West Flegg Winterton Happinge Hicklinge Tunstead North Walsham Worstead North Orpinham Cromere Sheringham Holt Holt Clay Greenhaw
Pulhely and Krekyth Bardesey Island ISLE of ANGLESEY with its Hundreds of Tallibollion Holyhead Llyfon Llandrogarn Tyndaythwy Bewmatis Twrkelyn Llandourodok Meney Newburgh Maltracth Aberfraw MERIONETHSHIRE where are the Hundreds of Ardydwy Harlech Talibout Dolgelhe Ystymanale Abeâ—dowyâ— Mowthy Maynloyd Penlyn Bala Ydeirmon Corwen MONTGOMERYSHIRE in which are the Hundreds of Mechavy Llanvilling Ystrondmarchel Montgomery Welshpoole Kery Kery Kidriorn Newtown Kare Eynion Llandaguan Kyfy Log. Machenlet Yriostly Llanidios SOUTH WALES in which are the Counties of RADNORSHIRE where are the Hundreds of Rayadergowy Rayadergowy Knighton Knighton Kevenlice Llanbadern Radnor New Radnor Prestaine Painscastle Llanhedder Collowini Dyssart BRECKNOCKSHIRE with its Hundreds of Bealt Bealt Talgarth Hay Merthye Merterkynok Dyvynnock Divynock Penkelly Brecknock Crickhole Crecowell CARDIGANSHIRE with its Hundreds of Tredvoir Cardigan Cardigan Island Moythen Llanbeder Pennarth Tregaron Llanylar Llanrusted Llanbadarn Aberysthwyth PEMBROOKSHIRE which is divided into the Hundreds of Kemes Newport Kilgarvan Kilgarvan Dewysland St. Davids Ramsey Island the Bishop and his Clerks Dungledy Lauhaden Wiston Rowse Haverford west Rosemarket Scaline Island Stockholme Isle Nerberth Tenby and Narberth Castle Martin Pembroke Caldey Island CAERMARDENSHIRE where are the Hundreds of Derllys Kancharne Elluet Caermarden and Newcastle Kidwellye Kidwyly Llannelthye Perue Llanymdofry Llangadok Cayo Llandilouawre Cathinok Abergerlech GLAMORGANSHIRE in which are the Hundreds of West Gowre Swansey and Penrise Mumbles point Pennarth point Oxwich point Wormshead point Llangevelach Llansamled Neath Aberavon and Neeth Newcastle Bridgend Ogmore Ogmore Castle Nash point Cowbridge Cowbridge Denispowis Porkerry Castle Barry Island Sylye Isle Cardiff Cardiff Landaff Caerfily Caerphilly Lantrissent Lantrissent MONMOUTHSHIRE now an English County where are the Hundreds of Bergaveny Abergavenney Skenfrith Mounmoth Ragland Ragland Caldicot Chepston Goldeclyffe Uske Uske Carlion Wealooge Newport ENGLAND Small Isles belonging to Great Britain THE Kingdom of England with that of Scotland forms an Island which bears the name of Great Britain unto which belongeth a vast number of lesser Isles which may be considered under four heads or forts viz. the Orcades the Hebrides the Sorlings and the Isles of Scilly with those of the Sporades All which said Isles with that of Ireland are scitâ—ate between the 9th and the 23th degrees of Longitude and the 50th and 59th of Latitude England is divided from Scotland by the River Tweed and Solway a line being drawn from the one to the other and on all other sides it is begirt with the Sea It s extent and division The extent and form of these Isles with their scituation to each other doth appear in the Map to which I refer the Reader But 't is probable that some may judge the Maps false for that the true Geographical distances of places are lesser than the Itinerary But these Reasons are sufficient to satisfie any to the contrary 1. The unpassable Woods which 〈◊〉 between places 2. the high Mountains and low Vallies 3. the Marishes or Boggs 4. the Rivers or Ponds and 5. the Parks or other enclosures which cause the Traveller to leave his direct line and go about It may be divided into two though unequal parts to wit England and Wales separated each from other by the Severn and a line drawn to the Wye but the more certain division was by a huge Ditch which beginning at the Influx of the Wye into the Severn reached to Chester where the Dee disâ— burthens its self into the Sea 80 miles in length made by Offa King of the Mercians and called Claudh Offa. This Kingdom of England is severed into 52 Shires or Counties of which 12 make the Principality of Wales and these Counties are subdivided into Hundreds Wapentakes or Wards and those again into Parishes which comprehend Boroughs Villages Hamlets Endships or Trthings It s division according to the Circuits of the Judges England is also divided into six parts for the Circuits of the 12 Itinerary Judges two of which twice every year are alotted for each Circuit iâ— the chief Town or Towns of each County in the said Circuit to sit and hear Causes and to administer Justice for the ease of the Subject and according to this division one Circuit doth contain the Counties of Wilts Somerset Devon Cornwall Dorset and Hantshire Another those of Berks Oxford Gloucester Monmouth Hereford Worcester Salop and Stafford Another those of Kent Surry Sussex and Hartford Another those of Bedford Bucks Cambridge Huntington Norfolk and Suffolk Another those of Northampton Rutland Lincoln Derby Nottingham Leicester and Warwick And another those of York Durham Northumberland Cumberland Westmoreland and Lancaster The two remaining Counties viz. Middlesex and Cheshire being exempted the one for its vicinity to London and the other as having its peculiar Judges for the administration of Justice It s division according to the Spiritual Jurisdiction For Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction this Kingdom is divided into two Archbishopricks viz. Canterbury and York under which are 25 Bishops of which 22 belong to that of Canterbury who is Primate and Metropolitan of all England and but 3 to that of York Now what these Bishopricks are this following Table will declare unto you A GENERALE MAPP OF THE ISLES OF GREAT BRITTAINE DESIGNED BY MONSIEUR SANSON GEOGRAPHER TO THE FRENCH KING RENDERED INTO ENGLISH ILLUSTRATED BY RIC BLOME BY HIS MAIESTIS ESPECIALL COMMAND London Printed for Ric Blome The most August Charles the 2d by the grace of God â—ing of England Scotland France and Ireland defendor of the Faith c 〈◊〉 this Mapp with all humility is Concecrated by your Majestes Obedient subiect Servant Ric Blome A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England and Wales together with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and what Parishes and Impropriations are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Counties under each of their Jurisdictions Parishes in each Diocess Impropriations in each Diocess Canterbury hath Canterbury and part of Kent 257 140 York hath Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London hath Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham hath Durham and Northumberland 135 87 Worcester hath Worcestershire and part of Warwickshire 241 76 Winchester hath Hantshire Surrey Isles of Wight Garnsey and Jersey 362 131 Bath Wells hath Somersetshire 388 160 Oxford hath Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor hath Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester hath part of Kent 98 36 Ely hath Cambridgshire 141 75 Chichester hath Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury hath Wiltshire and Berkshire 248 109 Lincoln hath Lincolnshire Leicestershire Bedfordshire Huntingtonshire Buckinghamshire and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph hath part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids hath Pembrookshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough hath Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire 293 91 Landaff hath Glamorganshire Monmouthshire Brecknockshire and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlisle hath part of Cumberland and part of Westmerland 92 18 Exeter hath Devonshire Exeter
the Helm of State have precedency as the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper Lord President of his Majesties Council Lord Privy Seal Lord high Chamberlain the Earl Marshal the Lord Chamberlain the Master of the Horse c. Precedency may be thus observed the King who is the fountain of Honour the Prince of England who is eldest Son to the King and is born Duke of Cornwal and about the age of 17 years is usually created Prince of Wales Princes of the Blood Royal who are the Sons Brothers Uncles and Nephews of the King The Archbishop of Canterbury the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper the Archbishop of York Lord Treasurer of England Lord President of the Privy Council Lord Privy Seal Dukes Marquesses Dukes eldest Sons Earls Marquesses eldest Sons Dukes younger Sons Viscounts Earls eldest Sons Marquesses younger Sons Bishops Barons Viscounts eldest Sons Earls younger Sons Barons eldest Sons Privy Counsellors that are not Noblemen Judges Viscounts younger Sons Barons younger Sons Knights of the Garter if not otherwise dignified as is rarely found Knights Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Knights Batchelors Colonels Sergeants at Law Masters of Chancery and Doctors and Esquires and those may be comprehended under five several heads 1. Esquires unto the Kings Body 2. the descendants by the Male-line from a Peer of the Realm 3. the eldest Sons of Knights of the Garter Baronets Knights of the Bath and Knights Batchelors 4. the two Esquires attending on the Knights of the Bath at their Knighting and 5. Officiary Esquires as Justices of the Peace Barresters at Law Lieutenant Colonels Majors and Captains and lastly Gentlemen At a Marshal Court held at White-Hall the 18th of March An. Dom. 1615. it was declared and concluded on that there are two degrees that establish and settle the Title of an Esquire by birth the one the younger Sons of Peers of the Realm which do invest into the Heirs-males descended from them the Name and Title of Esquires the other the lineal Heir-male of a Knights House and these may justly assume and challenge the Title of Esquire by birth so that in all reason the younger Sons of Peers are more worthy than Knights so the setling of a Title proceeding from them is more worthy and eminent than that derived from Knights The Dominions of England The Dominions of the King of England are very large for besides that of England Scotland and Ireland there are divers small Isles scituate nigh unto them and do belong to one or the other as the Isles of ORKNEY or ORCADES in number 32 seated against the North-cape of Scotland The Isles of SHETLAND also under the Scotish Dominions the HEBRIDES in number 44 seated Westwards of Scotland the SORLINGS seated in the Westrn-cape of Cornwall the SPORADES being several Isles dispersed about the British Seas amongst which these following are the chief MAN scituate between England Scotland and Ireland JERSEY and GARNSEY on the French Coast WIGHT part of Hantshire PORTLAND part of Dorsetshire STEEPHOLMS and FLATHOM in Somerfetshire AIBBRE in Cheshire DENNY in Monmouthshire CODLEY in Pembrokeshire ANGLESEY which is one of the Welsh Counties SHEPPEY in Kent NORTHEY OSEY and HORSEY in Essex FERNE COCKET and HOLY Isle in Northumberland with several other small Isles not worth the naming as indeed many of these are Then in Africa as TANGIER GVINEY c. In the East Indies several places though belonging to the East India Company of London and in America large Dominions as NEW ENGLAND NEW YORK MARYLAND VIRGINIA CAROLINA all which are on the Continent also divers Isles some of which are very considerable as JAMAICA BARBADOS BERMVDOS ANTEGO NEW FOVNDLAND c. all which shall be treated of as they come in order but first of the English Counties County of Barkshire described BARKSHIRE well clothed with Wood and watered with Rivers is blest with a sweet Air hath a rich Soil fit both for Corn and Pasturage especially in the Vale of Whitehorse and generally the whole County for profit and pleasure yieldeth to few Shires in England The principal Commodity that this Shire produceth is Cloth which finds great vent and amongst the Rivers that water the County the Isis the Oke and the Kenet which affords excellent Trouts are the chief It is severed into 20 Hundreds in which are 140 Parishes and hath 12 Market Towns Reading Reading pleasantly seated near the Thames and on the Kenet which is navigable for Barges to London which adds much to its Trade which is considerable especially for Cloth and Mault 't is a large Town containing three Parish Churches is beautified with well built Houses hath fair Streets is well inhabited and hath a very considerable Market for Grains Malt Hops and most Country commodities on Saturdays 'T is a Town Corporate governed by a Major 12 Aldermen and as many Burgesses with sub-Officers enjoyeth several Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament 'T was formerly beautified with a fair and rich Monastery and a strong Castle built by King Henry the First where in the Collegiate Church of the Abby himself and Queen with Maud their Daughter were interr'd both which now lie in their ruins New Windsor Windsor pleasantly seated near the banks of the Thames and adjoyning to a Park and Forest well stored with Game 't is a fair large well frequented and inhabited Town Corporate governed by a Major and other sub-Officers sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very good Market for Provisions on Saturdays This Town is of great note for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty seated on a great eminency wherein is a Chappel for Devotion a Colledge for Learning and an Alms-house for decayed Gentlemen called the poor Knights of Windsor and famous is this Castle not only for giving birth to so many of our Kings and Princes but for being the place where the ceremony of the Knights of the Garter is solemnized on St. Georges day Nigh unto New Windsor is Old Windsor a Town of greater antiquity though not of so much splendor Newbury Newbury well seated on the Kennet and in a Champain Plain a large well inhabited and frequented Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and Burgesses beautified with a spacious Market-place and well built Market-house sufficiently served with Corn Flesh Fish and Fowl on Thursdays This Town had its rise out of the ancient Spinae now a small Village near adjoyning and called Speenhamland and is of note for its Jack of Newbury who got so great an estate by Clothing which this Town at present is very considerable for Wallingford Wallingford a Town of great antiquity and in times past very strong and large containing four Parish Churches within its Walls which took up a mile in circuit 'T is at present a large Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and sub-Officers enjoyeth large Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament 'T is commodiously seated on the banks of the Thames over which
it hath a fair Stone-bridge its Market-house or Guild-hall with a Free-School lately erected is a fine pile of building where the Major and Justices keep their Courts It enjoyeth a good Trade for Mault and Corn which is transported in Barges to London and its Markets which are on Tuesdays and Fridays which is the chief is very considerable for Grain and Provisions Abington the Shire-Town seated on the banks of the Thames Abington over which it hath a Bridge a Town of good antiquity and note in former time for its rich Abby 'T is at present well inhabited frequented and traded unto especially for its Mault is governed by a Major enjoyeth several Priviledges sendeth a Burgess to Parliament and hath two Markets weekly on Mondays and Fridays which are well served with Corn Mault and Provisions This County is adorned with many fair and stately Buildings hath been strengthned with 6 Castles and graced with three of his Majesties Houses In this Shire is the Vale of White-horse one of the fruitfullest Vales in England County of Bedford described BEDFORD a County for the generality of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage the North and North-east parts being of a deep Clay the South a Chiltern and the midst a Sandy-ridge of Hills well clothed with Wood. 'T is a Country well inhabited and full of Gentry which is occasioned through its vicinity to the Counties of Lincoln and Huntington which in some places are troubled with unhealthful Fogs The chief Rivers that water it are the Owse and the Iwell This County is severed into 9 Hundreds in which are numbred 116 Towns besides 59 Endships and of these Towns 10 have the conveniency of Markets Bedford the Shire-Town pleasantly seated in a rich Soil and on the Owse Bedford which divideth it in the midst but joyned together by a fair Stone-bridge which for the prevention of passage hath two Gate-houses it was formerly strengthned with a Castle but in its place is now a Bowling-green much resorted unto by the Gentry The Town is large numbering 5 Parish Churches is well inhabited and its Markets which are on Tuesdays and Saturdays are well resorted unto that on Tuesdays being considerable for living Cattle and that on Saturdays as great for Corn and Provisions For Civil Magistrates it is governed by a Major 2 Bayliffs 2 Chamberlains a Recorder and other sub-Officers enjoyeth several Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament Dunstable Dunstablt seated on a Hill in a dry Chalky-ground yet by reason of a large Pond of standing-water in every one of the 4 Streets of the Town the Inhabitants find no want 'T is a place of great antiquity and was of note in the time of the Romans as appears by the Coins in the adjacent fields oft digged up which the Inhabitants call Madning-money and is at present of some note for the great abundance of Larks here caught It took the name of Dunstable from one Dun a notorious Robber that used to pester these parts The Town is fair well inhabited full of Inns as seated on the high Road and its Market which is on Wednesdays is very considerable for Corn Cattle and Provisions Bigleswade Bigleswade seated on the Ivell which falleth into the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge and on the Road from London to York which hath occasioned it to be well provided with Inns for the reception of Passengers and its Market on Tuesdays is at present very considerable for Grain Cattle Milch-kine and Provisions At Sande and Chesterfield near adjoyning now a Warren stood the famous City of Salena of the Romans which by the ruins of its Walls in many places yet to be seen makes it to have been of a large extent Buckingham shire describ'd BVCKINGHAM a Country for the generality of a fertil Soil it is divided into two parts that towards the South and East which riseth up into Hills which are sufficiently clothed with Wood is called the Chilterne the other lying Northwards bein plain is called the Vale and is the most fruitful for Tillage and Pasturage seeding great abundance of Sheep and Cattle It is well watered with the Owse and the Thames The ancient Inhabitants were the Catejulanii who yielded themselves to Caesar and upon the Saxons subduing the Romans it became part of the Kingdom of the Mercians This County is severed into 8 Hundreds in which are 185 Parish Towns of which 13 have the conveniency of Markets Buckingham Buckingham well seated on the Owse which almost encircles it over which it hath 3 fair Stone-bridges and in a low fruitful ground 'T was once a Town of good strength and of some note for its stately Prebend-house and its Chappel of St. John Baptist founded by Tho. Becket now made use of for a Free-School It is at present a fair and well inhabited Town Corporate governed by a Bayliff 12 principal Burgesses a Steward c. is dignified with the title of an Earldom hath the election of Parliament men and its Market on Saturdays is well served with all manner of Flesh Corn and other Provisions Stony-Stratford Stony-Stratford seated on the Owse a Town of great antiquity being the Romans Lactoradum and built upon the ancient Causway called Watling-street and is at present of a good largness containing 2 Parish Churches is well accommodated with Inns and hath a considerable Market for Corn Flesh and some Fish on Fridays Ailesbury seated on a branch of the Tame and in a fertil Vale so called which feeds store of Sheep It is a fair and well inhabited Borough-Town electing Parliament men is honoured with the Title of an Earldom is the usual place where the Assizes for the County are held having in the midst of the Town a fair shire-hall and its Market on Saturdays is very well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions High Wickham High Wickham well seated in a rich Soil a Major Town which for largeness and fair buildings is not inferiour to any in the County of note for its black Bone-Lace here made and its Markets on Fridays is very great for Corn Flesh Fish and all Provisions Cambridgshire described CAMBRIDGESHIRE a County of a different Soil the Southern part being Champain and indifferent fertil bearing excellent Corn and Barley of which the Inhabitants make abundance of Mault and here is gathered good store of Saffron the dearest commodity that England produceth And the Northern part called the Isle of Ely as made so by the Owse and its branches is Fennish and not so pleasant and wholsom to live in as the Southern but is recompenced with rich Pastures which feed abundance of Cattle which are very profitable to the Inhabitants and affords also great plenty of Fish and Fowl This County is severed into 17 Hundreds of which 14 are in the Southern part and 3 in the Northern called the Isle of Ely in which said Hundreds are 163 Parishes and forthe
Inlet thereof a very good traded Town and hath a considerable Market for all Provisions especially Fish on Thursdays St. Ivâ—â— St. Ivos or St. Ithes seated on an open Bay so called chiefly frequented by Fishermen for the taking of Pilchards and other Fish which are here plentifully caught It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major a Justice and 12 Aldermen sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath 2 Markets weekly viz. on Wednesdays and Saturdays It is observed that Men live here to a very great Age and are stronger hardy and addicted to wrestling pitching the Bar and other boysterous sports more than any other English men By Helford is a great Rock lying upon the ground the top whereof is hollow and filled with water which ebbs and flows as the Sea doth There is a very great Rock in this Shire called Mainamber which rests upon other smaller Rocks which with the push of a finger may be moved but cannot be moved out of its place by all the Art men can use Country of Cumberland described CVMBERLAND a County far engaged Northwards is very Mountainous and much inclined to sterility yet not without many fertil Valleys both for Tillage and Pasturnge It hath an Air very sharp and would be more were it not for the high Hills that break off the Northern and Western Storms In the howels of the Earth are rich Mines of Copper in great plenty also those of Iron Lead Black-lead â—oal and some of Silver and the Sea and large Lakes and Meers plentifully furnish the Inhabitants with Fish and Fowl And besides these Commodities this County produceth several Manufactures amongst which heretofore Fustians and now Linnen-cloth and course Broad-cloths in great plenty The Mountains of most note are Black-koum Hard-knot Wrey-nose Skiddow and Crossfell c. It is well watered with Rivers and hath many Lakes and Meers This Shire of all others in England sheweth the most Roman Antiquities for being in the utmost limits of their possessions it was always secured by their Garrisons and defended by that admirable Wall called the Picts Wall which ran from Sea to Sea about 100 miles and was 8 foot broad and 12 foot high and having at every 1000 paces a Watch-Tower erected in which Souldiers were kept and on this Wall grows the Vulnerary Plant. And being thus in the confines of Scotland it was exceedingly strengthned with Castles having about 25 publick ones besides the Houses of the Nobility and Gentry which were generally built Castle-wise It is severed into 5 Waâ—ds in which are 58 Parish Churches besides divers Chappels of Ease and hath 15 Market Towns Carlisle a City of great antiquity Carlisle and no less pleasantly than commodiously seated at the influx or meeting of several Rivers viz. the Eden Cauda and Petterill which on all parts except the South encompass it and for its further defence it is fortified with a strong and large Castle and Cittadel and fenced about with a strong Wall first built by Egfrid King of Northumberland which was defaced by the Danes and again rebuilt by King Rufus Its Houses are fair and well built is beautified with a Cathedral Church of curious workmanship it enjoyeth several Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 12 Aldermen 2 Bailiffs and other sub-Officers It is a place well inhabited and traded unto chiefly for Fustians and its Market which is on Saturdays is very considerable for Corn Wool Provisions and several Country Commodities Cockermouth seated between the Derwent and the Coker Cockermouth which almost encompass it over which are two fair Stone-Bridges and between two Hills upon one of which standeth the Church a fair building and upon the other a spacious and stately Castle It is a well inhabited Borough Town graced with fair Buildings enjoyeth a good Trade especially for course Broad-clothâ— here made hath the election of Parliament men and its Market which is on Mondays is esteemed the best in the County for Corn next to Perith. Here is a Custom at their Fairs holden at Whitsontide and Martlemass for the hiring of Servants to which end all such that want Servants or Services do hither come the like is observed at Perith and most of the Market-Towns in the County Whithaven seated on a Creek of the Sea Whithaven indifferent commodious for Shipping which makes it to be well inhabited and frequented by Tradesmen especially by Fishermen and those that are related to Sea-Affairs who drive a good Trade to Ireland Scotland Chester Bristol and other parts having a Custom-house and several Vessels belonging to the Town whose chief Trade is for Salt and Coals here plentifully digged up It s Market is kept Thursdays Kavenglass a well built Maritim Town couched betwixt the Rivers Irt Ravenglass Esk and Mite with which the Sea doth encompass 3 parts of it and is a good road for Shipping which makes it to be a place of some Trade and hath a Market on Saturdays Keswick seated in a Valley Keswick hemmed in with Hills and the Mountains called Derwent Fells wherein are good Copper-Mines and not far from the Town is dug up Black-Lead or Wadd in great plenty The Town was formerly of greater account than now it is when the Mineral-men had here their Smelting-houses being at present not very considerable It hath a Market on Saturdays chiefly for Meal Flesh Butter and Cheese Perith seated on a Hill called Perith Fell Perith. and near the Rivers Eimont and Lowther a large well built and inhabited Town esteemed the second in the County although neither a Borough nor Town Corporate it is adorned with a fair Church and a large Market-place which every Tuesday is very much resorted unto being considerable for Corn living Cattle divers Commodities and all sorts of Provisions in great plenty Derbyshire described DERBYSHIRE a Midland County but inclined towards the North which makes it to be of a sharp Air especially upon the Peak Mountains The Soil is generally fertil chiefly the South and East parts which for the most part are enclosed and improved yielding good Corn and Grass and hath also store of Coal and Iron-stone The North and West parts are very hilly and stony and not so fertil except in Lead-Oar in which it much abounds yet not without some rich Valleys and on the Hills are bred good though not large Sheep in great abundance For Fuel it is not beholding to Wood having such great plenty of Coal that it supplies the defects of divers neighbouring Counties It is well watered with Rivers viz. the Trent Derwent Dove and Wye which are the chief and are passed over by about 21 Stone-bridges some of which are of considerable note as Burton over the Trent sustained by 35 large Stone-Arches Swarkeston-bridge over the fame River reputed near a mile long but much of it is rather a Causway than a Bridge Monks-bridge over the Dove and St. Marys-bridge at Derby over the
very large yet hath it for Divine worship 12 Parish Churches besides its Abby or Cathedral dedicated to St. Peter a fair and beautiful building consisting of a continued Window-work and hath large Cloysters and an excellent Whispering-place It is also beautified with a handsom Colledge and many neat Buildings being a place well inhabited and frequented enjoying a good Trade and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well furnished with all Provisions and very great for Corn and Cattle This City is the See of a Bishop to which belongs a Dean and 6 Prebends 't is a County within it self enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and is governed by a Major 2 Sheriffs 12 Aldermen a Recorder with other sub-Officers Circester Circester seated on the Churn over which it hath a Bridge and in the Woulds very commodious for Mills 'T was a City once large and of great account in the time of the Romans at present it is a good Borough Town enjoying large Priviledges and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath weekly two considerable Markets on Mondays chiefly for Corn and on Fridays for Wool Yarn and Provisions Tewksbury commodiously seated on and between 3 Rivers Tewksbury the Severne Avon and Swilyat over which are as many Bridges a fair large well inhabited and frequented Borough and Town Corporate electing Parliament men of good account for making of Woollen-cloth and for the best Mustard in England and hath a very good Market on Saturdays for Corn Cattle and Provisions Stroud seated on a River so called over which it hath a Bridge Stroud and on the banks of the said River are placed abundance of Fulling-Mills It is a well built Town which is of chief note for making and dying of Cloths and especially for good Scarlets and hath a good Market on Fridays for Provisions and Yarn Tedbury an indifferent good Town beautified with a fair Market-house Tedbury and its Market on Wednesdays for Corn Cattle Cheese Mault Tarn Wool Provisions and other Country Commodities is esteemed one of the best in these parts Barkley a place of good antiquity honoured with a Barony Barkley and gives title to the Right Honourable Lord Berkley c. It is seated on a branch of the Severne and hath an indifferent Market on Tuesdays Dursley seated on or near a branch of the Severne a good Town Dursley much inhabited by Clothiers and hath a small Market on Thursdays Chipping-Sodbury seated in a bottom of the Downs and in the Road Chipping-Sodbury an indifferent good Borough Town which hath a very great Market for Cheese on Thursdays and is also well served with Corn and Provisions Hantshire described HANTSHIRE of a fertil Soil for Corn hath rich Pastures which feed store of Cattle is well clothed with Wood affordeth plenty of Iron which is here wrought from the Mines also excellent Hony and of their Wool they make abundance of Cloths and Kersies It s Southern parts are washed with the Sea and by reason of its of its several good Ports and Havens it is well resorted and traded unto affording most Transmarine Commodities The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Segoutians in the North part and the Belgae and the Regni in the South In this County is New-Forest about 30 miles in compass and a place which affordeth great variety of Game within this tract of ground was formerly 36 Parish Churches which with the Houses thereto belonging were pulled down by command of William the Conquerour that it might be a place for wild Beasts to harbour in It is severed into 40 Hundreds wherein are seated 253 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 18 Market Towns besides those in the Isle of Wight being part of this County which I shall anon treat of Winchester Winchester a City of great antiquity and famous in the time of the Romans Saxons and Normans it being the Sepulchre of divers of their Kings and Queens and was of note in the time of the Romans for making the rich Embroideries for their Emperours It is a place pleasantly seated in a Valley betwixt Hills and on the banks of a delightful River which after about 10 miles course falleth into an Arm of the Sea on which Southampton is seated It is a fair City of about a mile and a half in circuit within its Walls which gives entrance unto its Suburbs by 4 Gates for Divine worship it hath five Parish Churches besides its Cathedral dedicated to the Holy Trinity a large and beautiful structure It is garnished with good Buildings amongst which are the Bishops Palate the Prebends houses and the Town-Hall where the Assizes and Sessions for the County are kept It is a place well inhabited and frequented and its Markets which are on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well provided with all sorts of Provisions especially that on Saturdays It enjoyeth several Immunities and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament Without the City in the Suburbs is a fair Colledge bearing the name of the City having a Warden Masters and an Vsher and is undowed with a liberal Mantenance Near unto this City pleasantly seated on a fair River is St. Crosses Hospital for the relief of 12 Poor men called Brothers having a Master Steward and sub-Officers and according to the Institution of the House Bread and Drink is given to all Travellers that will require the same Southampton Southampton commodiously seated on an Arm of the Sea capable to receive Ships of a considerable burthen to its Keys which are fair and very convenient for the lading and unlading of Goods by reason of which it is a place well inhabited by Merchants and Shopkeepers who drive a good Trade It is a large Town numbring 5 Parish Churches besides its Hospital called Gods-house It is garnished with well built Houses and is fenced about with a double Ditch and Walls which gives entrance by 7 Gates It is a Town and County of it self governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is dignified with the title of an Earldom and its Markets on Tuesdays and Thursdays are not very great except for Provisions Portsmouth Portsmouth at present one of the best Garrisons and Sea-port Towns in England by reason of its commodious scituation which makes it to be exceedingly resorted unto by Shipping and is one of the usual stations for the Navy Royal where his Majesty hath his Store-houses and Docks for the building and equipping his Ships which adds no small benefit to the Town which is large well built very populous enjoyeth a good Trade is well provided with all necessaries and its Markets on Thursdays and Saturdays are very considerable for Provisions This Town is seated in the Isle of Porsey so made by the Sea and its two Arms which are joyned by a River It is a Town Corporate sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and being a place of such concernment is exceedingly fortified
Lea hath a Market on Tuesdays which is well provided with Commodities a place well known to many for its great Bed Stratford Stratford or Bishops-Stratford seated on the side of a Hill a very large fair and well inhabited and frequented Market Town full of Inns for the giving entertainment to Strangers and its Market on Thursdays is very well resorted unto and provided with Provisions and most Country Commodities Here are the ruins of a Castle raised on an artificial Mount within which is a deep and dark Dungeon called the Convicts Prison by which it may be supposed that some great Priviledges did belong unto it Baldock Baldock a considerable large Town seated between the Hills in a Chalky Soil fit for Corn of chief note for its many Maulsters yet its Market on Thursdays is but small Royston a famous Market Town Royston which is kept on Wednesdays for Corn and Mault here made being seated in a fat Soil and between Hills in a bottom The Town is large well inhabited and full of Inns part being in this County and part in Cambridgeshire Herefordshire described HEREFORDSHIRE a County every where exceeding fertil having great plenty of Grains and rich Pastures which feed store of Cattle especially Sheep whose Wool is much esteemed for its finess and for Wheat Wool and Water it yieldeth to no County in England It is well clothed with Wood and watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Wye Munow Wades Doive Lugg Froom c. All Fruits here grow in great plenty and of their Apples they make such abundance of Sider that besides what they use themselves it being their general drink of late years it is become a considerable Commodity especially that which is called Red-streak It s ancient Inhabitants were the Silures a stout and warlike People who sorely perplexed the Romans for 9 years space through the valour and noble exploits of their Commander Charactacus and became afterwards part of the Kingdom of the Mercians It is divided into 11 Hundreds in which are numbred 176 Parish Churches and hath Traffick with 8 Market Towns Hereford Hereford a City of great antiquity and raised out of the ancient Arconium now called Kenchester about 3 miles distant a place of good account in the time of the Romans and so continued until it was shaken to pieces by a violent Earthquake It is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated amongst delightful Meadows and rich Corn-fields and almost encompassed with Rivers to wit the Wye and two others over which are two Bridges It is of a large place beautified with good Buildings both publick and private amongst which are the Bishops Palace the Colledge the Cathedral the Prebends houses and Hospital and numbreth 6 Parish Churches two of which in the late Troubles were demolished besides its Cathedral to which belongeth a Bishop Dean Chancellor 6 Canons 27 Prebends with a Chanter Treasurer 12 Vicars Choral besides Deacons Queristers and other Attendants This City enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 6 Aldermen a Common Council Recorder and other sub-Officers and is very well served with Commodities having weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which are of considerable account that on Fridays for Cattle Sheep and Hogs and the other for Grain and all sorts of Provisions besides Gloves here made and sold in great quantities Near to this City is Gilden Vale so called from the fertility of the Soil and pleasant scituation Ross Ross seated in a fertil Soil on the banks of the Wye a fair Borough Town which hath a very great Market on Thursdays for Corn Cattle and Provisions being much resorted unto by the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire Lidbury Lidbury near adjoyning to Malvern Hills a fine well built Town seated in a rich Clayey-ground much inhabited by Clothiers who drive a good Trade and its Market on Tuesdays is well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions Lemster a large ancient and pleasant Town Lemster seated in a rich Soil and on the Lugg which runneth through it over which are several Bridges It is governed by a Bayliff a Recorder Justices of the Peace and 24 of the Chamber or Common Council it sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very good Market on Fridays for Corn Cattle Sheep Provisions Hops and Wool for which this Town is of note it being called Lemster-Ore Kyneton also seated on the Arrow a pretty large and well built Town Kyneton whose Inhabitants drive a good Trade for narrow Cloths It s Market on Wednesdays for Corn Cattle Provisions and several Country Commodities is esteemed the best in the County County of Huntington described HVNTINGTONSHIRE a County for the generality of a fertil Soil both for Corn and Tillage garnished with delightful Hills and towards the East where it joyneth on the Fens it hath rich Pasturage which feed store of Cattle It is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which is the Ouse which divideth it self into several streams It is severed into 4 Hundreds in which are seated 79 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 5 Market Towns Huntington Huntington pleasantly seated on a rising Ascent and on the North-banks of the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Godmanchester on the other side of the Owse a very large County and ancient Borough Town seated in a rich Soil and well inhabited by Yeomen and Farmers It is a Town of great antiquity was once very populous numbring no less than 15 Parish Churches which are now reduced to 4 and enjoyed great Immunities and had a Mint for Coynage At present it is dignified with the title of an Earldom sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 12 Aldermen of which the Major is one and Burgesses is well inhabited and frequented and the rather as being a thorough-fate Town from London Cambridge and other Southern parts of England into the North and into Scotland and also for being the place where the Assizes are kept for the County and its Market on Saturdays is very well served with Provisions St. Ives St. Ives so called from one Ivo a Persian Bishop who 't is said about the year 600 travelled through England preaching the Gospel and here ended his days and his Body was from hence removed to Ramsey Abbey a fair large and ancient Town seated on the Owse over which it hath a very good Stone-bridge hath a Market on Mondays which is well served with Provisions and is of chief note for living Cattel St. Neots so called from Neotus St. Neots a Monk of Glastenbury a large and well built Town beautified with a neat Church is commodiously seated on the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Bedfordshire It s Market is on Thursdays which is well served with Provisions and through the commodiousness of the Owse the Neighbouring Towns are
the generality of an unfertil Soil as to the Moorish part yet not without a sufficiency of Corn Cattle Fish Fowl Coals Flax c. The Eastern part is very Mountainous and full of stony barren and craggy Hills being the habitation of Foxes Conies and some Otters but where the ground is plain and Champain it is very grateful to the Husbandman except some moist and unwholsom places which they call Mosses which are not unlike Irish-bogs from which the Inhabitants are supplied with Turf for Fuel and throughout the County there is great store of goodly Cattle which are there sold at easie races The Air of this County is sharp and serene but very healthful to the Inhabitants It is very well watered with Rivers amongst which are the Mersey Irwel Roch Irke Dugless Tarrow Ribel Derwent Codar Lune Brochwyre Keere Kent Dudden c. with the Sea which watereth its Western parts together with the Meers it aboundeth in Fish and Fowl The ancient Inhabitants were the Brigantes and when the Saxons became Masters of the Isle it was part of the Kingdom of the Northumbers Although there are but 61 Parishes in the County yet it is very populous the Parishes being large containing within them several Chappels of Ease which may be reckoned as Parishes in other Counties And amongst these Parishes there are 27 Market Towns many of which are large well frequented and traded unto Lancaster Lancaster a place of good antiquity pleasantly seated on the River Lune over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge sustained by 5 Arches It is at present indifferent large containing though but one Parish Church which is large and fair yet several well ordered Streets and graced with good Buildings the chief amongst which are its Church Bridge Market-house or Town-hall where the Major and his Brethren keep their Courts and Castle seated on the top of the Hill now made use of as a Prison for the County and where the Assizes are kept And although the Shire Town yet it is not much frequented nor inhabited by Tradesmen but chiefly by Husbandmen as lying in a good Soil but its Market which is on Saturdays is well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions especially Fish and chiefly with Salmon It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs 6 Brethren 24 Burgesses 2 Chamberlains a Recorder c. and amongst its Immunities electeth Parliament men Manchester Manchester seated betwixt the Irke and Irwel and upon a stony Hill a Town of great antiquity being the Fort and station of the Romans and at present is large beautified with fair Buildings the chief amongst which are its Colledge Market-place and Collegiate-Church which is very ornamental is well inhabited much resorted unto and enjoyeth a considerable trade for most Commodities but chiefly for its Linnen and Woollen-Cloths also for its Cottons known by the name of Manchester Cottons which are held in great esteem and its Market on Saturdays is very considerable for the above-said Commodities as also for Provisions Opposite to Manchester on the other side of the River is Salford a pretty large Town with a Chappel of Ease Warington Warington seated on the Mersey over which it hath a curious Stone-bridge which leadeth to Cheshire It is a fine large Town much resorted unto by Welshmen is of note for its Lampries and hath a considerable Market for Linnen-Cloth Corn Cattle Fish and Provisions on Wednesdays Lerpool Lerpool or Leverpool commodiously seated on the East-side of the goodly River Mercy where it affords a bold and safe harbour for Ships which hath much advanced its Trade being inhabited by divers wealthy Merchants and Tradesmen whose Traffick especially into the West Indies makes it famous its scituation affording in greater plenty and at reasonabler rates than most parts of England such exported Commodities proper for the West Indies as likewise a quicker return for such imported Commodities by reason of the Sugar-Bakers and great Manufactures of Cotton in the adjacent parts this Town having intercourse of Traffick with Ireland and divers considerable Counties in England The chief Commodities that this Town affordeth are Corn Butter Cheese Beef Pit-Coal White Salt from Cheshire Silver and Gold Watches Lead Saddles Shoes Bees-Wax all sorts of Nails and Iron Tools and for Flesh Fish Fowl and all sorts of Provisions its Market on Saturdays is sufficiently well provided with It is an ancient Borough and Corporation sending two Representatives to Parliament 't is governed by a Major Bailiffs Aldermen Recorder Town-Clerk and Common-Council consisting of 40 Burgesses It is of late at the great charge and industry of the Family of the Moors of Bank-ball beautified with many goodly Buildings to the great enlargement of the Town there being Streets that entirely beat their name Wigan seated on the Douglass a large and well built Town Corporate Wigan is governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses hath the election of Parliament men enjoyeth a good Trade hath two Markets weekly on Mondays and Fridays for Meal and Provisions is much inhabited by Brasiers Pewterers Dyers Weavers of Rugs Coverlids and Ticking for Bedding and is of note for its Fuel called Cannel being the choicest Coal in England Preston a large fair well built and inhabited Preston and frequented Borough Town where the Court of Chancery and Offices of Justice for the County are held It hath the election of Parliament men and is governed by a Major Baileffs Burgesses Recorder and other sub-Officers It is seated on the Rible over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge and for the accommodation of its Inhabitants hath weekly 3 Markets viz. on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which is the chief and very considerable for Corn living Cattle Provisions and several other Commodities in great plenty Cartmel seated near the Sea and amongst the Hills called Cartmel-Fells Cartmel It is beautified with a very fair Church built Cathedral-wise in form of a Cross and hath a very good Market on Mondays for Corn Sheep and Fish Dalton seated in a Champain Country in the lower Farness Dalton Here is an ancient Castle now belonging to his Grace Christopher Duke of Albemarle wherein is kept the Records and Prisoners for Debt for the Liberty of Farness It hath a Market on Saturdays which is very well served with Corn Cattle Fish and Fowl County of Leicester described LEICESTERSHIRE a Champain Country and but thinly clothed with Wood which defect is supplied by the great plenty of Pit-Coal digged up in the Northern parts which is called the Would and although barren breedeth store of Cattle It s South-west and North-east parts are of a good Soil for Tillage and Pasturage and its South-east part is exceeding fertil having rich Pastures and produceth all sorts of Grain especially Pease and Beans It is well watered with Rivers as the Stour or Sour Trent Wreke Weeland Sence Eye c. It is severed into 6 Hundreds for Divine worship hath about 200
Parish Churches and is traded unto by 12 Market Towns Leicester delightfully seated in a healthful Air rich Soil Leicester and on the Banks of the Stour over which it hath two Bridges It is a place of more antiquity than beauty being said to be built by King Leir and called Caer-Lerion wherein Authors say he placed a High-Priest to serve in the Temple of Janus which he caused to be built and wherein he was buried This Town was also had in great request in the time of the Romans also Ethelred King of the Mercians erected here an Episcopal See which he soon translated elsewhere to its great impoverishment but the noble Lady Edelfled not only repaired it but also encompassed it with a strong Wall and much added to its Riches so that it soon became a place of a great Trade which glory and riches it lost by the Spoils it sustained by Rob. Bossu the Crouch-back Earl of this Shire As to its present state it is a Borough and Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and sub-Officers is dignified with the title of an Earldom is well inhabited hath indifferent good Buildings sendeth two Representatives to Parliament containeth 3 Parish Churches and its Market on Saturdays is well served with Corn Provisions and Country commodities From this Town Crouch-back Richard set forth with great strength and pomp to Redmore near Bosworth where on the 22 of August 1485 in a bloody Battle there fought for the deciding the differences betwixt the Houses of York and Lancaster he was slain yielding both himself and the victory to Henry of Richmond who was proclaimed King in the field and the next day the body of the said Richard was disgracefully brought back torn and naked and as meanly buried in the Gray-Friars of Leicester in a Stone-chest which now is made use of in an Inn for a Drinking-trough for Horses Loughborough Loughborough delightfully seated on the banks of the Sour over which it hath a Bridge amongst fertil Meadows and near Charwood Forrest It is a handsom Town beautified with fair Buildings and a large Church and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays Melton-Mowbray Melton-Mowbray well seated in a fertil Soil and on the banks of the Eye which almost encircleth it over which are two fair Stone-bridges It is an indifferent large and well built Town and hath a very considerable Market on Tuesdays for Corn Cattle Hogs Sheep Provisions c. Lutterworth Lutterworth seated on the Swift and in a good Soil an indifferent Country Town beautified with a large and fair Church which hath a lofty spired Steeple and its Market on Thursdays is well served with Corn and Country commodities Near this Town is a Spring so cold that in a short time it turns Straws and small Sticks into Stone LINCOLNSHIRE County of Lincoln described a County of a large extent and doth divide its form bounds and division into Hundreds The Soil is of a different temperature the Western and Northern parts being very pleasant and grateful to the Husbandman both for Corn and rich Pastures which feed great store of Cattle and the Eastern and Southern parts are fenny barren and unfit for Corn but in recompence hath great plenty of Fish and Fowl The Air upon the South and East parts is thick and foggy occasioned through the Fenny grounds but the other parts good and healthful It is well watered with Rivers as the Humber Trent Idell Dane Wash Witham Welland c. which lose themselves in the Sea The chief Commodities that this County produceth are Corn Cattle Fish Fowl Flax Wool Alablaster c. This County is severed into 3 principal Divisions or Parts viz Lindsey Holland and Kesteven which are divided into 30 Hundreds in which are numbred 631 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 31 Market Towns Lincoln Lincoln a City of great antiquity and hath been far more magnificent and spacious than now it is whose ruinous places doth witness the same being said to have had 50 Churches which now are reduced to 15 besides its Cathedral or Minster said to be one of the finest loftiest and stateliest structures in England This City in the time of the Britains was of great strength and fame containing 1070 Mansions and 900 Burgesses with 12 Lage-men having Sac and Soc and in the time of the Normans it was esteemed one of the best peopled Cities in the Isle and enjoyed a great Trade both by Sea and Land insomuch that King Edward the Third ordained here his Staple for the Mart of Wools Leather and Lead But it s pristine glory has been much eclipsed by the several shocks of ill Fortune it hath met with nevertheless it is a place well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets on Fridays is well served with Provisions and its Shops furnished with Commodities It is pleasantly seated on the side of a Hill and on the River Witham which divideth it self into several streams and waters in the lower part of the City over which are divers Bridges for the accommodation of the Inhabitants in their passage to and sro It is dignified with an Episcopai See where the Bishop hath his Palace and whose Diocess is the greatest of any in England numbring within its Jurisdiction 1255 Parishes of which 577 are Impropriations The civil Government of this City is committed to the care of a Major 2 Sheriffs 12 Aldermen who are clothed in Scarlet besides a Recorder Town Clerk 4 Chamberlains a Sword-bearer 4 Serjeants at Mace c. It enjoyeth ample Immunities sendeth two Representatives to Parliament and is a County within it self whose Liberties extends about 20 miles in compass and is called the County and City of Lincoln The Isle of Axholme made so by the Rivers Trent Dun Idel Isle of Axholms and others It is a large tract of ground in which are seated several Towns the flat and lower part of the Isle towards the Rivers is Moorish and yieldeth a sweet Shrub called by the Inhabitants Gall. In this part have been great and tall Fir-trees digged up And the middle part which is a rising ground is fertil and produceth great store of Flax. Barton seated on the Humber Barton where there is a considerable Ferry into Yorkshire which doth much advantage the Town which is large and stragling yet hath but an indifferent Market on Saturdays Grimsby Magna seated near the Humber or rather the Sea Grimsby Magna and in a flat and Marshy rich ground This Town was formerly very large having two Parish Churches enjoyed a good Trade but its Harbour which was then commodious being choaked up hath much eclipsed its trade and grandure having now but one Church which for largeness giveth place to few Cathedrals Here was formerly a Castle an Abby a Nunnery 2 Priories and 2 Chantries which time hath reduced to ruins and in their places are erected Houses It
sometime defended against a certain Soldan or Heathenish Prince Through the Picts Wall runneth the Tyne which watereth two Dales each having their Hills so boggy with standing Water on the top that no Horse-man is able to ride through them and yet in many places are great heaps of Stones called Laws supposed to be cast up in memory of some persons there slain The chief places are Newcastle Newcastle scituate on an Eminence and on the North banks of the Tyne over which it hath a fair Bridge This Town before the Conquest was called Monk-chester as being in the possession of Monks which name was changed to Newcastle by Robert Son to William the Conquerour from a Castle there built by him It is a Town and County of it self being incorporated and governed by a Major 12 Aldermen a Recorder and other sub-Officers and amongst its Immunities sends its Representatives to Parliament 't is a place of good largeness numbring 4 Parish Churches besides one in Gates-head it is beautified with good Buildings and by reason of its deep and secure Haven is much inhabited and frequented by Merchants and Tradesmen having several Vessels belonging to the Town but is of chief note for its Coal trade It is a place of great strength for besides its Castle now something ruinous it is begirt with a strong Wall on which are many Turrets and hath for entrance 7 Gates Here are weekly two Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which are both very considerable for all sorts of Provisions Morpeth Morpeth scituate on the Wensbeck a very fine incorporated Town governed by 2 Bailiffs and sendeth Burgesses to Parliament It is strengthned with a Castle and hath a Market on Wednesdays which is esteemed the best in the County for Corn Cattle and Provisions Barwick Barwick commodiously seated betwixt England and Scotland but on the North or Scotish side of the Tweed over which it hath a stately Bridge sustained by 14 or 15 Arches being a Town and County of it self It is a Place of great strength as well by Nature as Art being almost encompassed with the Sea and the Tweed and strongly fenced about with Walls a Castle and other Fortifications as being a place of such great importance to England It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses and hath the election of Parliament men It is large and populous its Houses well built enjoyeth a good Trade especially for Salmon and Corn and its Market on Saturdays is very considerable Along the Coast of this County are the Isles of Cockes Fern and Holy Isle which are small Isles of a barren and ungrateful Soil and but thinly inhabited NOTTINGHAM a County blest with a wholsom Air County of Nottingham its Soil is different the South-east part which is watered with the Trent and other fresh Streams is most fertil and apt for Corn and Grass and is called the Clay part and the Western part wherein is the Forest of Shirwood a large tract of ground which is well clothed with Wood and provided with Game and this part from the temperature of the Earth is called the Sandy part This County produceth a Stone softer than Alablaster but being burnt maketh a Plaister harder than that of Paris with which they floor their upper Rooms The form of this Shire is oval doubling in length twice its breadth It is severed into 8 Hundreds or Wapontacks in which are numbred 168 Parish Churches and hath intercourse of traffick with 9 Market Towns Nottingham commodiously feated on an Eminence and on the banks of the Leane Nottingham which at a small distance loseth it self in the Trent over each of which Rivers there is a fair Stone-bridge besides two others over two Ponds called the Cheney Bridges It is a large Town numbring 3 Parish Churches is replenished with well built Houses its Streets are fair and graced with a spacious Market-place on the West side of the Town is the Castle which before its defacement in the late Wars was a place of great strength and importance It is a Town of good antiquity and amongst its places of remark here are many strange Vaults hewed out of the Rocks especially under the Castle which are descended by divers steps and have their several Rooms and Stairs artificially made also in the Hill are Houses with Rooms Chimneys winding Stairs and Windows wrought out of the solid Rock This Town enjoys several Immunities electeth Burgesses for Parliament is governed by a Major 6 Aldermen 2 Sheriffs a Town Clerk and other sub-Officers it enjoyeth a good Trade is well inhabited and frequented and hath weekly 3 Markets viz. on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which is very considerable for Cattle Corn and Provisions Newark scituate on the high Road to York and on the Trent Newark over which it hath a Bridge It is a good large Town Corporate governed by an Alderman and 12 Assistants is well inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade and hath a considerable Marker for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Wednesdays Mansfield scituate in the Forest of Sherwood a well inhabited Mansfield well built and large Town enjoying a good Trade for Mault and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Cattle Mault Swine and Provisions on Thursdays Redford scituate on the River Idel an ancient Town Corporate Redford which electeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by 2 Bailiffs 6 Aldermen and a Steward and hath a great Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays The County of OXFORD is blest with a delectable Air County of Oxford described which doth occasion it to be much inhabited by Gentry and the rather as being of a fertil Soil for Corn and Fruits well stored with Cattle and interlaced with pleasant Hills wherein and in the Downs are found variety of Game It is well watered with Rivers as the Owse or Isis the Tame Cherwel Windrush and Ebenlode It is divided into 14 Hundreds in which tract is seated 280 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 12 Market Towns and graced with a beautiful and stately City Oxford the Seat of the Muses exceeding all Universities in the World Oxford except her Sister Cambridge It is a place of great antiquity said to be consecrated unto Learning in the time of the Old Britains and was much cherished and countenanced by King Elfred who sent thither his Son Ethelward on purpose to invite the young Nobles to study the Arts and Sciences It is a City commodiously seated both for pleasure and profit between the Isis and the Charwel which encompasseth three parts of the City over which for the convenience of passage it hath several Bridges The City is large numbring 14 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral a large Structure and is at present a fair and stately City adorned with well-built Houses and beautified with divers curious Structures as the Kings Palace now the Mannor House the 16 Colledges 8 Halls the Schools wherein is a stately Library
and The ater newly erected It enjoyeth ample Immunities keepeth Courts for all Actions without limitation of some hath the election of 4 Burgesses 2 for the University and 2 for the City It is a place very populous and well resorted unto hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which is the chief and very considerable for Provisions and all sorts of Grain especially Barly and also enjoys a great trade for Mault Burford Burford scituate on an Ascent near the Downs and on the River Windrush which springeth out of the Cotswold a large and fair Town Corporate governed by two Bailiffs and other sub-Officers and hath a well frequented Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays and is of chief note for Saddles here made Woodstock Woodstock a well compacted Borough Town governed by a Major 4 Aldermen c. enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath an indifferent good Market on Tuesdays It is delightfully seated and of some note for its large Park wherein was Woodstock-Bower built by King Henry the first and where he kept his Mistress the beautiful Rosamond Clifford which was here poysoned by his enraged Queen Elianor Banbury Banbury seated on the Cherwel and in a Flat a pretty large wealthy and beautiful Town Corporate governed by a Major 12 Aldermen c. sends Burgesses to Parliament hath a very considerable Market for Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays and is of some note for its Cakes and Cheese Tame Tame pleasantly seated on the River so called which with its branches doth almost encompass it and over which it hath a Bridge which leadeth into Buckinghamshire It is a large Town having one spacious Street in the midst of which is the Market-place and its Market which is on Tuesdays is well resorted unto by Grasiers and Butchers from London and other parts it being very considerable for Cattle Henley Henley or Henley upon Thames as being thereon seated over which it hath a fair Bridge a large Town Corporate governed by a Warden for its chief Magistrate enjoyeth a considerable trade for Maulting and much inhabited by Bargmen and Watermen who are employed for the carrying of Mault Wood c. to London and in return bring such commodities as they and the Neighbourhood have occasion of It s Market is on Thursdays which is very considerable for Corn especially Barly there being oft-times about 300 Cartloads sold in one day RVTLAND County of Rutland described the smallest County in the Kingdom making in circumference not above 40 miles and although for quantity the least yet for quality may be compared with the best being of a very fertil Soil both for tillage and pasturage especially about the Vale of Catmose It is well clothed with Wood watered with fresh Streams is blest with a sweet Air and hath more Parks considering its extent than any County in England This County is severed into five Hundreds in which are 48 Parishes and hath two Market Towns viz. Oakham Oakham scituate in the rich and pleasant Valley of Catmose and although not large yet is the Shire Town where the Assizes and Sessions are held its Buildings are indifferent good especially its Church Free School and Hospital here is an old decayed Castle which is now made use of for the Assizes It hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferently well served with Provisions Vpingham highly seated a neat compacted and well built Town Upingham hath the accommodation of a Free School and an Hospital and its Market which is on Wednesdays is well resorted unto and served with living Cattle Corn and Provisions SHROPSHIRE being a frontier County to Wales County of Salop described is well replenished with Towns and Castles the better to over-awe the Welshmen in the bordering Marches and divers Noblemen in this tract were called Barons of the March and enjoyed in their Territories certain Priviledges and held Courts for the administring of Justice This County is of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage abounding in Wheat and Barly is well clothed with Wood feedeth good store of Cattle and in the bowels of the Earth are Mines of Iron and Pit-Coal It is well watered with Rivers as the Tern Clun Rea Teame Roden and Severn being the chief which in a crooked passage severeth the Shire in the midst It is very Hilly and Mountainous especially towards the Southern and Western parts In this County are 170 Parish Churches and hath for its Towns of chief note Shrewsbury raised out of the ancient Vriconium Shrewsbury the Seat of the Princes of Powis until forced thence by the Saxons It is pleasantly seated on an easie Ascent and on the banks of the Severn which almost encompasses it It is a place which for largeness numbring 5 Parish Churches besides a Chapel neatness of Buildings both publick and private largeness and variety of Streets and populousness may be set down in the rank of Cities It is a Town of good strength as well by Nature as Art being fenced about with a strong Wall defended by a Castle Bulwarks and other Fortifications It is a place of a great resort and well inhabited both by English and Welsh and enjoyeth this place being the common Mart between England and Middle Wales The Town enjoys large Immunities keepeth Courts sendeth its Representatives to Parliament hath a large Free School is governed by a Major 24 Aldermen 48 Common Council-men a Recorder Town Clerk with other sub-Officers and hath weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays for Provisions on Thursdays for Cottons c. here sold in great abundance and thence sent to London and on Saturdays for Cattle and all sorts of Provisions in great plenty Oswestre so called from Oswald King of the Northumbers Oswestre who was here slain in a Battel and cruelly torn in pieces by Penda the Pagan Mercian Prince It is a Town Corporated governed by two Bailists and Burgesses and before the Mart for Welsh Cottons was hence removed to Shrewsbury was of greater account than now it is yet is it of some trade for Flannels and its Market which is on Mondays is well resorted unto and furnished with Cattle and Provisions Wenlock Magna seated in the road from Worcester to Shrewsbury Wenlock Magna a Town Corporate governed by Bailiffs and Burgesses hath the election of Parliament men is of some note for its Lime and Tobacco-pipes here made in great plenty and hath a very good Market on Mondays for Corn and Provisions Bridgnorth a large Town Corporate governed by 2 Bailiffs and Burgesses Bridgnorth and hath the election of Parliament men It is seated on the Severn over which is a fair Stone-bridge is well inhabited containeth 2 Parish Churches and hath a good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions Ludlow seated on the Temd a Town more fair than ancient Ludlow being beautified with divers good Buildings amongst which is the Palace of the President
and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are very great and well provided with Corn Flesh Fish and Fowl It was formerly a Major Town but at present a Bailiwick Bridgwater seated on a navigable River Bridgwater over which it hath a fine Stone-bridge It is a large well frequented and inhabited Borough Town hath the election of Parliament men is governed by a Major and other sub-Officers was formerly a place of good account having a Castle and an Abby It s Market is on Thursdays which is well served with Corn and Provisions and in the Summer season with Cattle Mynehead seated on the Sea-shoar a Borough Town Mynehead electing Parliament men hath a very good harbour for Ships of a considerable burthen to ride in and is a place of some Trade especially into Ireland yet its Market is but small County of Stafford The County of STAFFORD seated much about the midst of England of a healthful Air and different Soil the Southern parts being generally barren as sandy gravelly or heathy except on the banks of the Rivers yet by the Husbandmans pains in manuring it it beareth good Corn and the Northern parts are hilly and full of grat Heaths and Moors and is made use of for seeding of Cattle And although an Inland County yet by reason of the many Rivers and Brooks it is plentifully furnished with excellent Fish To speak of the Country in general there are more Heaths Moors and wast Ground than in any County in England as to its bigness insomuch that you may go the whole length of the County and see little but Heaths and Moors but these are not without profit as breeding store of Sheep Conies and Deer as well as pleasure for the Gentleman both for the Hawk Gun and Hound and for Parks and Warrens few Counties doth exceed it The Commodities that this Shire affordeth to others are Cattle Sheep Horses Butter Cheese Wool Bacon Iron Iron-ware chiefly Nails Alablaster c. The number of Parishes are 130 and hath 18 Market Towns many of which are of considerable account Litchfield Litchfield a City and County of it self seated in a pleasant Champain Country divided from the Cathedral and Close but joyned together by two Bridges and Cawseys It is a City of great antiquity formerly called Licidfeld that is the Field of dead Bodies which name it had from the great number of Christians there slain in the Dioclesian Persecution and here Oswin King of the Northumbers having vanquished the Pagan Mercians erected a Church and made it the Episcopal See of Duina the Bishop which afterwards was made an Archiepiscopal Pale by Pope Hadrian in the Reign of King Offa which dignity expired with his life This City is well built is indifferent large containing 3 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral a beautiful and curious Structure adjoyning to which is the Bishops Palace and the Prebends-houses the Streets are payed and well ordered and is a place much frequented by Gentry It is governed by 2 Bailiffs a Sheriff which are elected out of 24 Burgesses a Recorder Town Clerk with sub-Officers and amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament Its Markets are on Tuesdays and Fridays which are plentifully served with Corn and Provisions Stafford Stafford well seated on the River Sowe amongst rich Meadows a fair Town indifferent large containing 2 Parish Churches hath a Free School and a fine square Market-place in which the Shire-Hall is kept for the Assigâ—â— and Sessions of the County the Streets are paved and well ordered and its Houses well built it is governed by a Major and Burgesses hath a Recorder Town Clerk and 2 Serjeants at Mace The Town enjoys large Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament is well inhabited and frequented and its Markets which is on Saturdays is well served with Corn Flesh and other Provisions New-Castle under Line New-Castle seated on a little Rivulet a large Town Corporate governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses hath a Court of Record to hold plea in all Personal Actions under 40 l. and amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament It hath a great Market on Mondays for Cattle some Horses and Sheep with plenty of Provisions and after Low-Monday a Market or rather a Fair every Fortnight for some time Vttoxater uttoxater pleasantly seated near the Banks of the Dove amongst excellent Pasturage The Town is not very well built but pretty large hath a well built Market-place and its Market which is on Wednesdays is said to be one of the greatest in these parts of England for Cattle Sheep Swine Butter Cheese Corn and all Provisions Tamworth Tamworth seated on the Banks of the Tame which divides the Town one part being in this County and the other in Warwickshire The Town at present is of good account though not of that splendor as in former times being incorporated governed by Bailiffs a high Steward under-Steward Recorder and other sub-Officers sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferent good for Corn and Provisions and in the Spring time for Cattle and Sheep Walsall Walsall seated on the top of a Hill a well-built Town Corporate governed by a Major and other sub-Officers hath a Court of Record enjoyeth a good Trade for divers Manufactures made of Iron as Nails Bridle-bits Stirrups Spurs and also Bellows here made in great plenty yet its Market which is on Tuesdays is not very great Wolverhampton pleasantly seated on a Hill Wolverhampton beautified with reasonable well built Houses and its Streets handsomly paved is much frequented by Gentry hath a neat Collegiate Church and its Market which is on Wednesdays is very considerable for Corn Cattle and Provisions being esteemed the second Market Town in the County County of Suffolk described SVFFOLK a County of a various Soil and consequently hath sundry growths and Manufactures the Eastern parts all along the Coasts and for 5 or 6 miles Inland are generally very bleak but healthy sandy full of small Hills and Springs and employed in Tillage for Rye Peas Brank Hemp and for Sheep-walks The more Inland part commonly called High-Suffolk or the Wood-lands is pretty level close and dirty and is made use of chiefly for Dayries driving a great trade for their Butter and Cheese and the parts about Bury are Champain and affordeth great store of grain of all sorts It is a County of a large extent is well stored with Parks watered with fresh Streams and blest with a most healthful and sweet Air which makes it to be so well inhabited by Gentry and is traded unto by 27 Market Towns and numbreth 575 Parish Churches Ipswich seated by the Banks of the Orwell Ipswich near the place where its fresh Water and salt meet which with the Tide gives it the conveniency of a Key 'T is a place of great antiquity and was once fenced about with a Wall or Rampier which was thrown down by the
hath a stately Market-house enjoyeth a good Trade chiefly for Mault and is the place where the Assizes and general Sessions for the County are kept It is governed by a Major 12 Brethren 24 Burgesses a Recorder with sub-Officers Amongst its Immunities electeth Parliament men and its Market which is on Saturdays is very great for Corn and Provisions Near unto this Town is Guy-Cliff most pleasantly seated amongst Groves and fresh Streams where Guy of Warwick is said to have built a Chapel and after he had left off his exploits here led an Hermetical life and was here interr'd Stratford Stratford seated on the Avon over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge sustained by 14 Arches It is a good large Town having for Divine worship two Churches is well inhabited enjoyeth a considerable Trade for Mault here made and hath a Market on Thursdays which is very well served with Corn and Provisions Bromicham Bromicham seated very dry on the side of a Hill it is a large and well built Town very populous much resorted unto and enjoyeth a very great trade for Iron and Steel Wares and Tools here made also for Saddles and Bridles which find good vent at London Ireland and other parts and its Market is on Thursdays which is very considerable for living Cattle Corn Mault and Provisions besides the Manufactures of the Town At Newenham-Regis is a Spring whose Water if drunk with Salt loosneth and if with Sugar bindeth the Body and is said to be very Sovereign against Vlcers Imposthumes and the Gout County of Westmoreland described The County of WESTMORELAND so called as lying amongst Moors and high Hills or Fells generally of a barren Soil and very Mountainous but not without many fruitful Valleys both for Tillage and Pasturage and is well watered with fresh Streams Here are several Meers and Lakes as Winder-Meer which is the greatest standing water in England Rydale-water Ester-water Gresmere-water Kent-Meer Vlles-water Brother-water Hawse-water and others This County is divided or severed into two Baronies viz. Kendale Barony which is divided into the Wards of Kendale and Lonsdale and the other Barony called the Barony of Westmoreland is divided into East-Ward and West-Ward and of these in order Kirby-Lonsdale Kirby-Lonsdale or the Church-Town in Lonsdale seated on the Lon over which it hath a large Stone-bridge and in a rich Vale. It is a large and well built Town beautified with a fair Church a well inhabited and frequented Town both to Church and Market esteemed the greatest in the County next to Kendale and its Market on Thursdays is well served with Provisions and traded unto for Cloth Kendale Kendale or Kirby-Kendale a very fair large well-built inhabited and frequented Borough and Market Town which for good Buildings largeness neatness and good Manufactures is the chief in the County It is a place of a considerable Trade the people much addicting themselves to Traffick not only in their old Manufacture of Cotton and course Woollen Cloth but of late in Druggets Serges Hats Worsted-Stockings c. to the much enriching the Town and adjacent parts It is most pleasantly seated in a Valley so called amongst Hills and on the River Can or Kent over which it hath two fair Stone-bridges besides one of Wood which leadeth to the Castle now ruinoâ—â— The Town is built in form of a Cross and is beautified with a fair and large Church sustained by five rows of Pillars with several Apartments near unto which is a Free-School well endowed and to this Church belongeth 12 Chapels of Ease As to the Government of this Town it is committed to the care of a Major 12 Aldermen 20 Common Council-men a Recorder Town Clerk and two Attorneys who attend their Sessions and Courts of Record Here are belonging to this Town 7 Companies viz. Mercers Shear-men Cordwainers Tanners Glovers Taylors and Pewterers each having their Hall or place of meeting and for the accommodation of its Inhabitants hath a very great Market for Corn living Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays Apleby Apleby of note for its scituation and antiquity being for the most part encircled with the River Eden but so slenderly peopled with idle Inhabitants and the Buildings so mean although of late much amended that were it not for the Assizes and Sessions here held it would be little better than a Village It is a very ancient Town Corporate governed by a Major and 12 Aldermen with sub-Officers enjoys large Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and is discharged from paying Toll in all places except London and York Here is an Hospital or Alms-house erected and liberally endowed by the Lady Clifford for the relief of 13 decaied Widows who are called the Mother and her 12 Sisters The Market is here kept on Saturdays which is well served with Corn and Provisions Kirby-Stevens Kirby-Stephens beautified with a fair Church seated near the Hills towards Yorkshire It is a good and well known Town which of late is much improved by the trade of making Stockings and hath a good Market on Fridays At Stainmore a great Hill is a Cross said to be erected upon a Peace concluded between William the Conquerour and Malcolme King of the Scots and that by the said Place each Kingdom should know their limits and on this Stone-Cross which is called Ree-Cross that is the Cross of Kings was engraven the Arms of the Kings on the South-side those of England Ree-Cross and on the North those of Scotland County of Wilts WILT-SHIRE an Inland County no less fertil than delightful It s Northern parts hath delectable Hills well clothed with Woods and watered with fresh Streams amongst which is the Isis which soon becometh the chief of the Kingdom It s Southern parts are more even and exceeding fertil in Corn and Grass feeding great flocks of Sheep and are also well watered with the Avon Willy and Alder and the midst of the County is plain and level bearing the name of Salisbury-Plain which is a large tract of ground which feedeth good flocks of Sheep In the midst of this County is a Dike called Wansdike which runneth many miles in length and is a place of some wonder being said to be made for the dividing the Kingdom of the Mercians from that of the West-Saxons this being the place where they fought for the enlargement of their Dominions And here it was that Ina the West-Saxon joyned Battle with Geolred the Mercian whence both of them quitted the Field with equal loss This County is divided into 29 Hundreds in which are seated 304 Parish Churches and hath for the accommodation of the Inhabitants 20 Market Towns Salisbury Salisbury a City of great antiquity being the Seat of the Romans It is commonly called New-Sarum as raised out of the Old which was seated on a great Eminence being designed for Strength and War yet honoured with an Episcopal See and a fair Cathedral This City of New Sarum is
pleasantly seated on a River whose Streams commodiously water its Streets which are large and spacious It is beautified with fair Buildings and its Minster or Cathedral is a stately Structure having as many Doors for entrance as Months in the year as many Windows as Weeks and as many Pillars great and small as Days in the year and its Spire proudly sheweth it self from a great distance near unto which is the Bishops Palace then its Town-Hall seated in a spacious Market-place is a fair Building This City amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament is a place well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets which are on Tuesdays and Saturdays are very considerable for Corn and Provisions and for living Cattle on Tuesdays This City is encompassed with open Fields and Plains where at about 6 miles distance is that wonderful piece of work called Stone-Henge composed of great and unwrought Stones some being 28 foot high and 7 broad and so laid thwart one another that it is wonderful to behold And these Stones are said to be thus raised by the Britains as a Monumental Sepulchre of the Vertue and Manhood of Ambrosius Aurelianus who took upon him the Imperial Purple-Robe of Britain in the declension of the Roman Empire succoured his languishing Country and by the aid of that warlike Arthur repressed the furious rage of the Enemy vanquishing powerful Armies and in the end in the last Battel sought on this Plain lost his life Wilton Wilton well watered with the Willey and another River a Town in former time of such great note that it was the chief in the County and was dignified with an Episcopal See had a Monastery and enjoyed great Immunities but at present it is become a small mean Borough Town electing Parliament men is the place where she Knights of the Shire are chosen where the Sheriff keeps his Monthly County-Courts yet hath but a small Market on Fridays Divizes Devizes seated near Blackmere-Forest a Town of greater note and strength in former times than at present being defended by a powerful Castle yet is it a large Town being well inhabited and traded unto for divers Commodities especially for Mault It hath the election of Parliament men and its Market which is on Thursdays is very considerable for Horses Cattle of all sorts Corn Provisions and divers other Country-commodities Chipnam Chipnam seated on the Avon a Borough Town electing Parliament men and hath a noted Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays Marlborough Marlborough seated on the Kenet near Savernake-Forest and Aldburn-Chase and in a Chalky Soil a Town of great note in former times where there was a Parliament held and a Law made for the suppressing of all Tumults called the Statute of Marlborough And here was once a strong Castle belonging to John Sirnamed Sans Terre who was after King of England It is at present a good large and well built Borough Town electing Parliament men is governed by a Major and Burgesses and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Mault Provisions Butter and especially Cheese on Saturdays Not far from this place are divers Stones some of a vast bigness pitched up an end Swindon Swindon seated near a rich Vale and on the Summit of a Hill a Town of no largeness but its Houses are generally well built of Stone and hath a considerable Market for fat Cattle on Mondays Malmesbury Malmesbury pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Avon which almost encircleth it over which it hath 6 Bridges It is a Town of great antiquity where Maidulph an Irish-Scot a man of great Holiness and Learning under a Hill in a solitary Grove built a Cell or little Monastery and lived an Hermetical life and where his Successor Adelma built a fair Monastery It as it present a good Borough Town governed by a Major and Aldermen enjoyeth several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a good Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays County of Worcester The County of WORCESTER is of a fertil Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage bearing good Crops of Corn and feeding store of Cattle It is inter laced with aspiring Hills well clothed with Wood as the Malvern Bredon Woodbery Aberleg c. and through its Valleys run those many Rivers which so plentifully water the County as the Severn Avon Salwarp c. This Shire hath such great abundance of Fruits that even the Hedgerows and High-ways are beset therewith whose Fruits are free to all Passengers and here Sider and Perry is had in as great plenty as Beer at London Here are many Salt-Pits or Wiches which afford a most excellent high prized Salt for the Gentries Table which for fineness whiteness and hardness imitateth Loaf-Sugar This County is severed into 5 Hundreds in which are seated 152 Parishes and is traded unto by 11 Market Towns Worcester Worcester no less pleasantly than commodiously seated on the Severn over which it hath a fair Stone-Bridge with a Tower upon it It is a City of great antiquity said to be built by the Romans the better to secure themselves from the Britains who were Masters of all beyond the Severn and was held in good repute in the time of the Danes and Saxons and although it hath received so many shocks of ill fortune by Fire and Sword yet is it a place of good largeness numbring 9 Parish Churches besides St. Michaels and its Cathedral a stately Structure in whose Quire are several graceful Tombs This City enjoyeth ample Immunities electeth Parliament men is dignified with the See of a Bishop is governed by a Major Sheriff 6 Aldermen 24 principal Citizens with 48 less called Common-Council-men 2 Chamberlains a Recorder Town Clerk with sub-Officers is graced with good Buildings and well ordered Streets is well inhabited enjoyeth a good Trade especially for Clothings here made in great quantities and its Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays are very considerable especially that on Saturdays for living Cattle Corn Flesh Fish and all Provisions which are here had at easie rates Evesholme Evesholme seated on a Hill arising from the River Avon which almost encompasseth it where it hath a Stone-bridge This Town was of note for its Abby founded by Edwin by the helping-hand of King Kenred Son of Wolpher King of the Mercians It is at present a large and well-built Major-Town esteemed the best in the County next to Worcester containing two or three Parishes sends Burgesses to Parliament is well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade principally for Stockings and its Market which is on Mondays is very considerable for Corn Cattle Provisions and Stockings This Town gives name to a Vale near adjoyning which for fertility of Soil may deservedly be called the Granary of these parts Droitwich Droitwich seated on the River Salwarp a pretty good Bailiwick-Town but its Market which is on Fridays is but small This Town is of great note
of the Dutchy of Lancaster and hath a Market on Saturdays Doncaster seated on the Done and on the great Road to London Doncaster an ancient Town of good Antiquity once defended by a Castle now reduced to ruins and in Anno 759 this Town suffered much great part with its Cittadel being consumed with Fire but was rebuilt with a fair Church erected in the place where the Cittadel stood It is a large well-built and inhabited Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen enjoyeth a good Trade especially for Stockings Knit-Waistcoats Petticoats and Gloves and hath a very good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays Selby honoured in giving birth to King Henry the First seated on the Owse Selby which gives passage for small Vessels to York which doth occasion it to be a Town of some Trade and hath a good Market for Provisions and Merchandize on Mondays Ponfract very delightfully seated in a dry tract of ground Pontfract a neat Town Corporate beautified with good Buildings was once strengthned with a strong and stately Castle which was demolished in the late Wars It is governed by a Major and Aldermen sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very great Market for Corn Cattle Provisions and divers Country-commodities on Saturdays Wakefield seated in a large Lordship so called having its Steward Wakefield It is a large Town of good antiquity beautified with well built Stone-houses it is a place well known for its Clothing here made and hath a great Market on Thursdays and Fridays for Cloth Corn Provisions and divers Country-commodities Leeds seated on the Are an ancient Town Leeds where the Kings had formerly their Royal Palace and here Oswy King of the Northumbers put to flight Penda the Mercian It is a large and well built Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen with sub-Officers electeth Parliament men is very well inhabited especially by wealthy Clothiers who drive a great Trade for their Cloth and hath two considerable Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which are well traded unto for Corn Provisions Woollen-Cloth and divers good Commodities Knaresbrough Knaresbrough delightfully seated on the Nid and on a ragged rough Rock on which is seated a Castle It is a well-built Town Corporate electing Parliament men and hath a good Market for Corn and Provisions on Wednesdays Nigh unto this place in a Moorish boggy-ground ariseth a Spring of Vitrioline tast and odour and not far off is also a Sulphur-Well which is good for several Diseases here is also a droping petrefying-Well which turns Wood Moss c. into Stone Rippon Rippon feated between the Yore and a Branch thereof over which are two Bridges It is a place of good antiquity and of much same for its Religious Houses but especially for its stately Monastery built by Wilfrid Archbishop of York It is at present a large and well-built Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen hath the election of Parliament men the Town is well inhabited by Gentry and its Market which is on Thursdays is very great for Cattle Corn Provisions and chiefly for Wool which is much bought up by the Cloathiers of Leeds This Town is beautified with a very fine Cathedral Church with a lofty Spire-Steeple and in this Church was St. Winfrids Needle a place famous in our Fore-fathers days being a narrow Hole in the close Vaulted-room under ground in which place as 't is reported but not Recorded for Truth Womens Honesty was used to be tried for according to the story those that were Chast could easily pass through but the kind-hearted Souls were by an unknown means held fast and could not pass through WALES THE Island of great Britain in ancient time was severed into three Parts the first fairest and greatest contained all within the French Seas the Rivers of Severn Dee and Humber and was called Lhoyger which name in Welsh it still retaineth and in English England The second took up all the Land Northwards from the Humber to the Orkney Isles and was called Mare Caledonium or Deucaledonium and now Scotland And the third lying between the Irish Seas the Rivers of Severn and Dee was anciently called Cambria and now Wales to which the Britains being outed of their Country were forced to retire and there fortified themselves The Bounds This Country of Wales is bounded on all sides by the Sea except towards England from which it is severed by the River Dee and a Line drawn to the River Wye but anciently it was extended to the River Severn Eastward for Offa King of the Mercians forced them to quit the Plain Countries beyond that River which now is called the Marches of Wales and to betake themselves to the Mountains which he caused to be separated from England by a great Ditch called Offa's Dike in Welsh Claudh Offa in many places yet to be seen which Dike beginneth at the influx of the Wye into the Severn and reacheth unto Chester which is about 84 miles where the Dee disburthens it self into the Sea And over this Dike by a Law made by Harald no Welshman was permitted to pass with a Weapon upon pain of losing his Right hand Very Mountainous and Barren The whole Country is Mountainous and Barren yet affordeth several good Commodities and is not without many fertil Valleys which bear good Corn and breed great abundance of small Cattle with which they furnish England as also with Butter Cheese Woollen-Cloths called Welsh-Frizes Cottons Bays Herrings both White and Red Calve-skins Hides Hony Wax c. and the Country is well stored with Quarries of Free-stone for building and Mill-stones as also hath Mines of Lead Lead-Oar Coals and some of Silver and Tin And these Commodities are generally brought to Shrewsbury Oswestre Bristol Worcester and other adjacent parts and thence dispersed into England It s Ancient division About the year of Christ 870 Rodericus Magnus King of Wales divided this Country into three Regions Territories or Talaiths which were so many Kingdoms to wit Gwineth Venedotia or North-Wales and this part he gave to Anarawd his eldest Son Deheubarth or South-Wales which he gave to Cadelh his second Son and Powis or Powis-Land which he gave to Mervin his third Son and in each of these three Kingdoms he appointed a Royal Palace as at Aberffraw in the Isle of Anglesey for North-Wales at Dynefar or Dynevowr-Castle not far from Carmarthen for South-Wales and at Matravan in Montgomery-shire for Powis-Land Present division But at present according to Act of Parliament made in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth it is severed into two Parts to wit North-Wales and South-Wales both which have as it were devoured all Powis-Land and in each of these parts there are 6 Counties in the North those of Anglesey Caernarvon Denbigh Flint Merioneth and Montgomery and in the South those of Brecknock Cardigan Carmarden Glamorgan Pembroke and Radnor Again Wales like unto
on Tuesdays but now disused Prestaine seated on the Lug and in a pleasant and rich Vale which from a small Village in former days is now become a fair large and well built Town Prestaine with paved Streets is well inhabited and frequented where the Assizes are held and the County Gaol kept and its Market which is on Saturdays is very good for Provisions and Grain especially Barly of which they make good store of Mault Knighton seated in a Valley and on the Teme over which it hath a Bridge Knighton a very fair and well built Borough Town of a good resort whose Inhabitants enjoy a good Trade and its Market on Tuesdays is very well served with Cattle Corn Provisions Iron-ware Hops Salt Linnen and Woollen and other Commodities The Kingdom of SCOTLAND as it is divided in Firm Land where are thirty fiâ—e Provinces to wit Thirteen beyond the TAY which with the Province of LORNE made the ancient Kingdom of the SCOTS whereof Five are towards the NORTH and WEST as Strath-Navarn â—trabubaster Tounge Gathanes Giâ—â—ego Wick Sutherland Dornok Dunrobiâ— Rosse Skyrassin Cromarty Canonry Lovet Loquabrea Kyntaile Innerlethey Eight towards the EAST and SOUTH as Murray Elgin Invernes Forres Rothes Bean Narden Badgenoth Bucquhan Rothemay Stanes Marria Aberdean New Aberdone Kildrumy Mernis Fordon Dumnotyr Brechin Anguis Monross Dunde Glammes Forfar Perth Perth Scone Dunkeldon Athole Blaire Braidalbin Encerlothea Twenty two on this side the TAY which except the County of LORNE made the ancient Kingdom of the PICTS whereof Nine are towards the Gulph of DUNBRITTON as Lorne Dunstafâ—ge Tarbart Bergonum Cantyr Swin Sandell Arran c. Arran Rothsay Argile Duwwin Lennox Dunbriton Cuningham Yrwin Androssan Largis Kilwein Kyle Ayre Uchiltre Carrickt Bargeny Blaquhan Galloway Witherne Wighton Kiâ—koubrick Cardines Six towards the Gulph of EDINBURGH as Fife St. Andrews Cupre Disert Kinghorne Strathnaverne Abergeny Menteith Dumblain Clackmannan Striveling Sterling Linlithquo Linlithquo Falkirck Lothien Edinburgh Dunbar Leith Haddington Dalkith Seven in the Valleys towards ENGLAND as Cluydesdale Glasquo Lanrick Hamiltown Reynfraw Douglasdale Nithesdale Dumfreis Solway Anandale Anan Lochmabain Liddesdale Harlay Eskdale Aefica Teifedale Peblis Seltkirck Drimlar Roxburgh Yedburg Merch Hum. Coldingham ISLES which make three Bodies viz. those of ORCADES to the North of SCOTLAND Mainland Kirkewall SCHETLAND to the N. North-east of ORCADES Mainland Burgh INCH GALLES or Western Isles To the West of SCOTLAND among the which are Lewis Sterwaye Skye Tranternes Eust St. Maria. Ila Dunweg Sura Sodore Mulla Arrois Colm-kill Colm-kill Rawghlin Dowaneny The Kingdom and Isle of IRELAND hath formerly been divided into four Kingdoms which are at this day as many Provinces which are subdivided into Counties and thus scituated viz. Towards the NORTH the Province of ULSTER where are the Counties of Dunagall or Tyrconnell Donegal Derry or London Derry Calebeâ—k Tirconnel Upper Tyroen Strebane Lower Tyroen Dungannon Colrane Colrane Antrim Knoekfergus Antrim Downe Downe Newry Sâ—rangford Arglass Louth Trodaugh Dundalke Carlingford Ardeth Armagh Armagh Mountnorris Monaghan Clogher Churchland Cavan Cavan Kilmore Fermanagh Baltarbet Towards the SOUTH the Province of MOUNSTER where are the Counties of Tipperary or Holy-Cross Cassile Holy-Cross Clomel Caryck Emeley Lymerick Lymerick Kilmalock Kerry Dingle Ardart Trayley Desmond Donekyran Downbay Corke Corke Kinsale Ross Voghall Cloney Watersord Watersord Dungarvan Ardmor Lismore Towards the WEST the Province of CONNAUGHT where are the Counties of Majo Killaloy Refraine Slego Slego Dundroes Dunbroyle Galloway Galloway Kilmaculo Clonford Kingstown Clare or Twomond Clare Kylaloe Kilfenerog Toam Rosecoman Rosecoman Atlon Omacoghlan Elphin Letrym Letrym Mewkerke Achonry Towards the EAST the Province of LEINSTER where are the Counties of Dublin Dublin Newcastle Houth Malcheal Wicklo Glandelour Malehid East Meath Trim Aboy Slane Galtre West Meath Molingar Delvin Kelskery Longford Longford Ardragh Kildare Kildare Mainoth Athie Carbre Kings County Philipstown Lee. Queens County Queenstown Rheban Caterlough Caterlaugh Carickbrak Areklo Wexford Wexford Ross Ternes Eniscort Kilkenny Kilkenny Thomas Town Callan SCOTLAND It s scituation THE Kingdom of SCOTLAND maketh the Northern part of Great Britain and is divided from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway Ancient Inhabitants together with the Cheviot-Hills A Country formerly inhabited by the Picts who were divided into two Nations viz. the Dicalidonii and the Vecturiones but when the Scots became the chief Rulers as Mr. Cambden noteth it was shared into seven Partâ— Ancient division and amongst as many Princes The first contained Enegus and and Maern the second Atheold and Goverin the third Stradeern with Meneted the fourth Forthever the fifth Mar with Bucken the sixth Muref and Ross and the seventh Cathanes which Mound a Mountain in the midst divideth running on forward from the West Sea to the East It was also according to the relation of Andrew Bishop of Cathanes severed into seven Territories which Mr. Cambden also taketh notice of as followeth The first from Frith or Scotwade to the River Tae the second to Hilef according as the Sea fetcheth a compass to the Mountain Athran in the North-east part of Strivelin the third from Hilef to d ee the fourth from Dee to the River Spe the fifth from the Spe to the Mountain Brunalban the sixth Mures and Ross and the Seventh the Kingdom of Argathel which is the Border of the Scots Modern division and its Inhabitants But the Kingdom at present according to the habitation of the People may be divided into Highland-men and Lowland-men or into the Northern and Southern parts The People of the former live either on the Western Coast and are very rude having much of the nature disposition speech and habit of the Tories or wild Irish or in the out Isles and are utterly Barbarous The Lowlanders as bordering on England have much of the disposition civility language and habit of the English and are supposed to be descended from the Saxons which is confirmed by the Highlanders who are the true Scoti and are supposed to descend from the Scythians who with the Getes infesting Ireland left their Issue behind them It s extent This Kingdom is very spacious extending it self from North to South about 250 miles in length and in breadth where broadest about 150 but contracting it self narrower and narrower as it approaches its extream Northern limits as doth appear by the Map It s name It is said to have been called Scotia from Scoti Scitti or Scythi a People of Germany over whose Northern limits the name Scythia did extend although there be many that will have it to be so called from Scota Daughter to an Egyptian Pharaoh It s fertility and commodities Although this Kingdom is less fertil than England and its Fruits not so plentiful nor so pleasing to the palate occasioned through the coldness of the Clime yet is it found to have great plenty of Cattle though but small and for Fish and Fowl an innumerable quantity amongst which is a
The Gadeni who possessed the Counties of Lothien Merches and Teifidale or Tivedale 2. The Selgovae or Counties Liddisdale Eusedale Eskedale Annadale and Nidthesdale 3. The Novantes or Shires of Galloway Carrickt Kyle Cunningham and Arran 4. The Damnii or Counties of Cludesdale Striveling Lennox Menteith and Fife 5. The Caldedonii or Shires of Stratherne Argile Cantire Lorne Albany or Bruidalbin Perch Athol and Anguis 6. The Vermines or Counties of Mernis and Marr. 7. The Talgali or County of Buquhan 8. The Vacomagi or Counties of Murray and Loquabrea 9. The Cantae or Shires of Ross and Sutherland 10. The Catini or County of Cathanes And 11. the Cornubii or County of Strathnaverne Scotland divided into Sheriffdoms These parts are again according to their Civil Government divided into Sheriffdoms Stewarties and Bailiffwicks viz. the Counties or Sheriffdoms of Edenburgh Lynlythio Selkirk Roxburgh Peblis Berwick Lanarke Renfrew Dunfreis Wighton Aire Bute Argile Tarbet Dunbarton Perch Clackmannan Kinros Fife Kincardin Forfair Aberdene Bamff Elgin Forres Narne Innerness Cromartie Orknay and Shetland The Stewarties of Menieith Stewarties Kircudbrieht Stratherne and Annandale The Bailiwicks of Kile Bailywicks Carrickt and Cunningham It s further division Again Scotland according to the scituation of its Parts Provinces or Counties may be divided into two parts to wit Southwards and on this side the Tay which made the ancient Kingdom of the Picts so called for that they painted their Bodies like the ancient Britains from whom they are said to descend which is the more confirmed for that the Northern Britains converted to the Faith by St. Colombe were called Britain Picts And Eastwards Northwards and beyond the Tay which made the ancient Kingdom of the Scots besides abundance of Isles dispersed in its Northern and Western Seas the chief of which shall be treated of Its Counties The Counties comprehended in the South-part are Lothien Merche Teifidale or Tivedale Eskdale Euskdale Liddesdule Annadale Nydthesdale Galloway Carrickt Kyle Cunningham Cludesdale Lennox Striveling Menteith Fife Stratherne Argile Lorne Cantyre and Arran And these in the North part are Albany or Badalbin Paerch Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan Marr Muray Loquabrea Ross Sutherland Strathnaverne and Cathanes And of these in order It s name and fertility The County of Lothien in former times by the Picts called Pictland shooteth it self forth from Merche unto the Sea a Country very Hilly and but thinly clothed with Wood but for the fertility of its Earth and the civility of its Inhabitants is deservedly esteemed the flower of all Scotland The chief places are It s chief places Edenburgh or Edenborow of old Castrum Alatum the Metropolis of the Kingdom It s scituation is high in a wholsom Air and rich Soil and by reason of its commodious Haven called Leth-Haven Edenburgh not above a mile distant it is a place of good Trade and well resorted unto by Shipping This City chiefly consisteth of one Street which runneth about a mile in length which receiveth divers petty Streets and Lanes so that its circuit may be about three miles which is strongly begirt with a Wall and at the West-end of the City on the top of a Rock is seated a fair and powerful Castle with many Towers which commands the City and is esteemed in a manner impregnable It belonged once to the English till in Anno 960. the Scots took it from them when oppressed by the Danish Tyranies It is well watered with clear Springs and Fountains is adorned with many fair Edifices as well publick as private the principal amongst which is the Kings Palace a fair Structure and its private Houses are generally fair lofty built of Free-stone and so well inhabited that several Families have their abodes under one Roof It is also dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Courts of Parliament and with an Vniversity And being the Scale of Trade for the Kingdom it will be necessary to give an account of their Coins Weights and Measures As to their Coins Their Coins Weights and Measure note that 13 ½ d. sterling makes a Mark Scotch 6 ¼ d. sterling a Scotch Noble and 20 d. sterling a Scotch Pound Their Weight used in Merchandizes is the Pound of 16 Ounces 100 of which make their Quintal or C which is found to make at London 108 l. Averdupois Their Measures for length is the Ell and is about 4 per Cent. greater than the English Ell. Their Liquid Measures are such as in England but of a double content a Pint being an English Quart and so answerable Their Dry Measures are also the same with those of England but also bigger Athelstanford so called from Athelstane a chief Commander of the English Athelstanford which was there slain with most of his Men about the year 815. Haddington seated in a wide and broad Plain a place of good account Haddington and which the English fortified with a deep and large Ditch and other Fortifications Dunbar scituate on the Sea-shoar once defended by a strong Castle Dunbar which was the Seat of the Earls of Merch a place which hath oft-times been taken by the English and as often retaken by the Scots which was the cause of its demolishment since which it is honoured with the Title of an Earldom North-Barwick seated on Edenbrough-Frith North-Barwick a place in former Ages famous for its House of Religious Virgins Not far from this place and near the Shoar Bass-Island lieth a small Isle called Bass-Island which feemeth to be a high craggy Rock and to be almost cut through by the undermining Sea-waves It hath a Fountain of Water and fresh Pastures and above all is remarkable for the exceeding great abundance of those Geese called Scouts and Soland-Geese which here frequent and breed which as I before noted is very profitable to the Inhabitants in these parts Lyth hath a most commodious Haven being the present Port to Edenburgh Lyth Abercorne seated on the Forth or Frith Abercorne in former time of note for its famous Monastery as at present for giving Title of an Earldom unto the Duke of Hamilton Linquo Linquo or Linlithquo said to be the ancient City of Lindum mentioned by Ptolomy a place once beautified with a House of the Kings and a fair Church County of Merch described MERCH a County so called as being a March it is wholly on the German Ocean was of great note for its Earls thereof and hath for its chief places Coldingham Cadingham called by Bede the City Coldana a place of great antiquity and note for its chaft Nuns for it is said that they together with Ebba their Prioress cut off their own Noses and Lips to render themselves deformed that the Danes might not deflour them but this so exasperated them that they not only burnt their Monastery but them therein Not far from Coldingham is Fast-Castle Fast-Castle and here the Sea
nor costly in their Apparels or Habitations they are very Religious and neglect not the Church yet as all People they are inclined to Venery Contentions and Strifes they are not much addicted unto living in Amity together and for Recreation they are so much addicted to the musick of the Violin that there is scarce any Family but is provided therewith The Government As to the Government for Spiritual Affairs it hath a Bishop who at present is the Right Reverend Dr. Henry Bridgman and is called Lord Bishop of Sodore and for Temporal Affairs a Lieutenant or Governour with two Deemsters or Judges a Controller a Clerk of the Rolls a Receiver a Water-Bailiff an Attorney-General and other Officers And to their further assistance as occasion requireth for the deciding of Controversies c. are usually called the 24 Keys of the Isle especially once every year to wit upon Midsomer-day at St. Johns Chapel to the Tinewild-Court where upon a Hill adjoyning to the said Chapel the Inhabitants of the Isle being there assembled hear the Laws and Ordinances agreed upon before in the Chapel which is performed with no small ceremony and pomp especially if the Lord of the Isle be present who is seated on a Chair of State with a Canopy over his head and attended by his Barons viz. the Bishop the Deemsters the Gentry and the Yeomanry The present Lord of the Isle who is called King in Man is the Right Honourable Charles Stanley Earl of Darby Baron Strange of Knocking and Mohan c. a Dignity hereditary to him and his Heirs Good Orders observed in their Law The Inhabitants have a great happiness above those of England in that they are freed from necessary and chargeable Suits and heavy Fees of the Lawyers for here no Judge or Clerks take any thing for drawing up Orders or making up Processes all Controversies being ended by the Deemsters without Writings or matter of Charge and for the deciding the same they have their several Courts kept at certain times of the year for the Inhabitants of such a sheading or division of the Isle where they have particular Officers which do observe good Rules and Orders The People do here observe two very good Customs the one in not permitting the Poor to get their living by Begging and the other that when the Women go abroad they begirt themselves with their Winding-sheet to put them in mind of their Mortality This Isle is severed into two parts viz. South and North whereof the Inhabitants of the one have affinity with the Scots and the other with the Irish And in these parts are numbred 17 Parishes and many Villages is desended by two Castles and for intercourse of Traffick hath five Market-Towns It s chief places are It s chief places Douglas Douglas the best Peopled Town and of the greatest resort by reason of its commodious Haven unto which the French and others come to Traffick with them for their Commodities as aforesaid and for the security of the Harbour here is a Block-house Russin Russin or Castle-Town where within a small Isle Pope Gregory the Fourteenth instituted an Episcopal See It is fortified with a strong Castle but of no great importance as to the security of the place by reason of its distance from the rocky and shallow Harbour Laxi-Town Laxi-Town seated on a Bay so called Ramsey Ramsey scituate on the Sea where it hath a Haven which for defence hath some Guns mounted thereon Peel Peel or Peel-Castle seated in St. Patricks-Isle a place of great strength towards the Sea and defended by a Castle being a Market-Town as are the former Amongst its other places are these following Balacuri honoured with the Palace of the Bishop Kirh-Androw Kirk-Patriark Kirk-Balalough Kirk-Mighill Kirk-Lennon Kirk-Brodon Kirk-Santon and Kirk-Christ The Isle of Jersey described JERSEY seated near the Coast of Normandy in France and opposite to Hantshire in England of which it is a part it is a place of good strength as well by Nature as Art as being fenced about with Shelves and Rocks and defended by several Castlos It is an Isle of a fertil Soil and the more by reason of their rich manuring it bearing good crops of Corn and other Grain and breeding store of Cattle especially good Flocks of Sheep whose Wool is fine of which they make Jersey-Stockings in great plenty It is ill clothed with Wood instead of which they use for Fuel a kind of Sea-weed which they call Vraic which plentifully groweth on the Rocks and in the craggy Islands and this being dried they burn and with the Ashes they manure the Land Nor are they permitted to gather it but in the Spring and Summer-season and then upon certain days according to the appointment of the Magistrates It s extent This Isle containeth in length from Mount-Orguil-Castle in the East to Sentwon-pool in the West about 10 miles and in breadth from Dubon-point in the South to Plymouth-Bay in the North about 6 and in circumference about 38 miles It s Air and temperature It is blest with a sweet temperate and wholsom Air not being subject to any disease except Agues in September It is well watered with fresh Streams and hath great plenty of Fruit and the Inhabitants who are much of the nature of the French in their Language Manners c. live very happily enjoy the fruits of their labour addicting themselves to Fishing but principally to the Manufacture of Stockings which finds good vent in England and elsewhere The Government of this Isle is as followeth Government viz. a Governour or Captain is sent over by the King of England who appointed Sub-Officers as a Bailiff who together with twelve Jurates or sworn Assistants which are elected our of the 12 Parishes by the choice of the Inhabitants sit and administer Justice in Civil Causes but in Criminal matters he sitteth with seven of them and in Causes of Conscience which are to be decided by reason and equity with only three This Isle is every where furnished with commodious Creeks and Havens and is garnished with twelve Parishes besides several Villages It s chief places It s chief places are St. Hillares so called from St. Hillary Bishop of Poictiers St. Hillares who was hither banished and here interr'd a Town seated on the Sea-shoar nigh unto which is a small Isle so called which is fortified with a Garrison and this Town is the principal in the Isle for its Market Commerce plenty of Inhabitants and for being the place where the Courts of Judicature are kept St. Albans seated not far from the Sea where it hath a a Haven St. Albans as also a small Isle so called St. Clement seated on an Arm of the Sea St. Clements not far from which is the Castle of Mount-Orguil seated on a steep Rock on the Eastern-shoar Mount-Orguil nigh unto which is a place called the Rock and
must be great by reason of the rich Commodities that are found here He is so powerful that in 1616 he put to Sea 60000 Men of War in 200 Ships and 60 Galleys with store of Cannons and Ammunition to make War against the Portugals in Malacca and he alone drove them from the Fort which they had in Pacem and hindred them from taking footing in Sumatra The Fertility Commodities c. of these Isles The Air by reason of the great heats is very unhealthful but withal is very fertile abounding in Rice Millet Oyl Beefs Goats Sheep Fowls Fish store of Fruits also it is rich in Gold though of a lower alloy in Silver Copper Iron Tin in Precious Stones in Silks in several Spices as long and common Pepper Ginger Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs also in Medicinal Drugs in Wax Honey Camphire Cassia Bezar Lignum Musk Civet Amber Alloes whole Woods of white Sandale abundance of Cotton c. The Hollanders are in good intelligence with the people and Kings of Sumatra and particularly with him of Achem They have no place or Fortress in the Isle but at Jambay a Kingdom City and River of the same name in one degree and fifty minutes beyond the Equator They have built on this River and 25 Leagues from the Coast a House to accommodate their Traffick with the Islanders Their Trade is for the most part Pepper which they send from this House to the Sea by Canoes The Inhabitants are many of them good Artificers and expert Mariners they are for the most part Gentiles yet of late Mahometism hath crept in amongst them They are of an Olive colour Complexion flat-faced but indifferent well proportioned and content themselves with a mean habit The Isle of Borneo its situation and fertility The Island of BORNEO like to Sumatra is part on this side and part beyond the Equator but it reaches on this side unto the seventeenth degree of North Latitude and beyond only to the fourth of South Latitude It s Form is almost round having only 250 Leagues from North to South and little less from West to East containing in its Continent more than Sumatra or any other Isle we have knowledge of in Asia but it is not so well inhabited nor of so great Trade as Sumatra yet more fertile and besides the same Commodites hath quantity of Myrabolans Its Forests are full of Trees which bear the most excellent Camphire in the World which is uttered in the Indies being too dear to be brought farther That which comes to us from China is so falsified and of so little value in respect of that which comes pure from Borneo that one hundred pounds of the one is not worth one pound of the other It hath also plenty of Provision Borneo Bendarmissin Lave and Hormeta are the fairest Cities or at least the best known of the Isle for we yet know nothing of the Eastern Coast Borneo is on a Salt Lake or rather at the bottom of the Gulf of the Sea as Venice is and is on the North-West of the Island Its Houses are built of Wood and upon Piles and are accounted to be 20 or 25000. Through every Street runneth a Channel or River of Water the Palace of the King and the Houses of the principal Lords are of Stone and on the firm Land Bendarmassin and Lave are towards the South regarding the great Java and both belong to the same King They build many Juncos at Bendarmassin The River of Succadan and the Neighbouring Forrests furnish them easily with Wood and all that is necessary for the building of those Vessels Lave is near a River of the same name and this River as Succadan yields Diamonds Hormeta is described by the Hollanders on the Coast Westwards of the Isle and they esteem it to have 2 or 3000 Houses Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants are great of an Olive colour of a good countenance their Women brown and chaste a thing very rare in the Neighbouring Islands They trade little to distant places being more inclined to Theft and Piracy then to Trade exercising this only with their Neighbours the others with strangers far off They are expert in all sorts of Arms of good Wits and capable of Arts. Their Apparel is much the same with the Indians which is a Linnen Cloth about their privy Parts and on their Heads Turbets In their Religion they are either Mahometants or Gentiles Several small Isles About Borneo are a great quantity of little Isles Bonquerano 3 Degrees St. John 4. Jolo or Zolo 5. Tagyma 6. and Combahan 8 Degrees of Latitude This last is on the North of the Gulph and City of Borneo near that Gulph is Pulogitgan c. all these Islands belong to the King or Kings of Borneo Isles of Java Major and Minor their situation length and breadth The two Islands of JAVA Major and Minor are to the South of Borneo however there is much dispute about the seat of the little one the greater lies from the sixth unto the eighth ninth or tenth Degree of South Latitude for we know not its certain breadth And from the 145 Meridian beyond the 155 this length being 250 Leagues and its breadth little less We have scarce knowledge of any but the North-coast of this Island none at all of its Southern The City of Bantam described with its great trade Along the North-Coast of Bantam where is one of the greatest Trades of all the East-Indies and where the Merchants of the East-India Company of England have their residence and where once there was a like Company for the Hollanders which they have transported to Jacatra or Batavia Bantam is at the foot of a Hill from which descend three Rivers of which one passes through the middle the others long and on the two sides of the City communicating by divers Channels convenient for the Mahometans who believe themselves purged from their sins as often as they wash but all too shallow for Ships to sail in the Walls of the City are of Brick of no great strength as also are their Gates which makes them have the greater care in guarding them The City is indifferent great yet have they but three principal Streets and these all but upon the Castle at every corner of the Streets there stands a guard and at Sunset they make fast all passage Boats so that in the night there is no stirring in the Streets The Houses are but meanly built either of Reeds or Straw and covered with Coco leaves but for preservation of Goods they have Store-houses made of Stone they have several places or Markets for the sale of Commodities as also an Exchange where Merchants meet Its Commodities The Commodities of Bantam are these of the Isle as all sorts of Druggs Pepper Sugar Preserved Ginger and all sorts of Sweet-meats both wet and dry Rice Honey c. Also in this City is found several good Commodities which are the product of other
us therefore leave this Gomer for Theode and say That farther in the Sea and about 100 miles or as others say 100 Leagues from the Canaries is an Isle they call San Borondon Authors say that those which think not of it find it sometimes by chance but that it is never found by those who expresly seek it However it be it is held for truth and Vincent Blanc assures us that from the top of Teneriffe whence may be seen all the Canaries this is likewise sometimes seen yet that those which attempt to go to it cannot find it though with great pains whether it be that the Fogs hide it or that some Current carries them from it and for this reason they have given it the name of Fortunada Incontada and Nontrovada c After all these particularities I can doubt no longer but this Isle is the Aprositos Inaccessible and the Ombrio that is the shadow of the Ancients And so the whole body of the Canaries will answer to the whole Body of the Fortunate Isles without adding the Madera and from hence we have reason to place the first Meridian in the Canaries as Ptolomy hath placed it in the Fortunate Isles since these first answer to the last which will give a great facility to the reconcilement of Ancient and Modern Geography otherwise not to be done Let us proceed to what each of the Canaries may have at present considerable beginning with those nearest the main Land The Isle of Forteventura described Forteventura once Erbania is not far distant from the Cape Bojador above 10 or 12 Leagues from the Great Canary 16 or 18 from Lancelotta 6. It s greatest length is 25 Leagues 15 or 16 its greatest breadth In the middle it streightens so much that there remains only a League or two from one Sea to another And this part was crossed with a Wall which separated the Island into two Estates when it was discovered The Land is partly Mountainous and partly in Plains fruitful in Wheat and Barley Along the Coast glide many streams of Fresh Water and along these streams are the Tarbais Trees crooked and soft which bear Gum of which is made pure white Salt In the Countrey besides the Palm Trees which bear Dates the Olive Trees Mastick Trees and the Orsolle a Grain for Dying there is a kind of Fig-tree from which they have Balm as white as Milk and which is of great vertue in Physick They make Cheese of their Goats Milk with which the Countrey is so well stocked that they may afford more then 50000 yearly and besides the profit made of their Skins and their Fat each Beast yielding 30 or 40 pound their Flesh is excellent The Ports of this Island are not proper but for smaller Vessels It s chief places towards the Sea are Forteventura Ricquerocque Chabras Baltarhays Lanegala Fozonegro and Tarafulo Most of which are well frequented by Merchants especially by the English who of late are incorporated into a joynt Fellowship and Stock and not only to this Isle but to all the Seven Canary Isles The Isle of Lancelotta LANCELOTTA is 16 or 18 Leagues long and 10 or 12 large The access to it is difficult on the North and West Coast the Countrey is plain towards the East and the Continent where its Town and Ports are as Cayas or Lancelotta Porto de Nayos and Port de Cavallos These last are near one to the other the Isle hath the same properties with that of Forteventura The Great Canary Isle The GREAT CANARY is almost equal in length and breadth which is about 18 or 20 Leagues It is the principal of these Islands both because of its greatness fertility and the goodness of its Air and because the Governor and Bishop of these Islands whose yearly Revenue is 12000 Ducats have their Residence in the City Canaria Its Inhabitants chief places fertility commodities and Trade which is fair its Inhabitants well clad and civil and how hard soever it rains its streets are dry being only Sand. It s other places are Tedele Galder Argores Gusa and Del Douze Ingennos or Twelve Sugar Engines This Island it exceeding fruitful and the Soyl so fertile that they have two Harvests in one year reaping their Wheat Barley and other Grains in February and May. Their Wheat excellent and its Bread very white but from the excellency of its Fruits as Oranges Citrons Pomegranates Figs Olives Apples Pears Peaches Melons Potato's and above all from its Wine which is far beyond that of Spain Which among all others bears the Bell with us in England From these we may judge of the goodness of the Island They have also several other good Commodities as Honey Wax Sugar-Canes Cheese and Wood in great abundance and breeds such plenty of Cattle that the Leather is not one of the least Commodities they vend to other Nations as Spain England Holland c. They have also store of Fowl it is well covered with Firr Trees Dragon Trees Palm Trees c. And its Rivers well filled with Fish but above all they have Plantons which delights in Water it is cut and shoots forth yearly into three or four Branches each Branch bears 30 or 40 Apples resembling a Cucumber they incline to black being ripe they eat more deliciously then any Comfit in the World The Isle of Teneriffe with its high Pike Teitha described TENERIFFE which some call Enfer is distant from the Grand Canary 16 or 18 Leagues towards the North-West It s utmost length is about 24 or 25 Leagues and 12 or 15 its greatest breadth The Land is raised in little Hills and towards the middle is the Pike of Teitha or Terreira a streight and round Mountain which reaches in height 45000 English paces which is 45 miles some make it not so high others higher but all agree that it is the highest Mountain in the World even so high that it may be seen in a clear day 60 Leagues distance at Sea and from the top of it a man may easily discover and count all the other Canary Islands though some of them be above 50 Leagues distance from this It often casts forth fire and Sulphur It s Summit is in form of a Sugar Loaf or sharp point called the Pike of Teneriffe For two or three miles about it are only Cinders and Pumice Stones two or three Miles lower all is covered with Snow throughout the year though there never fall any in those Islands and yet lower are found the great Trees Vintaico whose Wood is very weighty and never rots in Water Under these Trees Laurels cover almost 10 or 12 miles of the Countrey where the Singing Birds of the Canaries known among us by the name of Canary Birds warble their pleasant notes The foot of the Mountain casts forth divers Branches and extends it self into a good part of the Island which abounds more in Corn then any of the rest and sometimes it alone feeds them all
the Castle of St. Elmo doth merit fame not only for its buildings which are curious but for the entertainment there given to those that fall sick where the Knights themselves lodge when sick or wounded to receive cure where they are exceeding well attended have excellent good dyet served by the Junior Knights in silver and every friday visited by the Grand Master accompanied with the great Crosses a service which was from the first institution commanded and thereupon called Knights Hospitallers Here are as Sandys saith three Nunneries one for Virgins another for Bastards and the third for penitent Whores Castle of St. Elmo The Castle of St. Elmo is at the end of the City of Valetta towards the Sea and at the opening of two Ports During the siege of Malta it was taken and sackt by the Turks after having wasted 18000 Cannonshot given divers assaults and lost 4000 men of their best Militia among others Dragut one of their most famous Coursaiers The Christians lost 1300 men among whom many Knights But this Fort was restored to a far better Estate than before and is separated from the City only by a ditch cut likewise in the Rock on the other side and on the point of the Borgo is the Fort of St. Angelo and likewise above the Borgo and the Isle of Sengle have been made new works to hinder the Turks from lodging there Besides these three Cities and the Forts about them the ancient City of Malta Medina is in the middle of the Island on an easie ascending hill and in an advantagious scituation The Turks assaulted it in 1551 but soon retired The Bishop of the Isle hath here his residence and near the City is yet the Grotte and Chapel of St. Paul where they believe he preached and where he lay when he suffered shipwrack and this place is of great account among them All these Cities and Forts have 250 or 300 pieces of Cannon on their Rampart The Isle very strong and well provided for War and their Magazins are so well provided with Powder Shot Wood Bisket Salt-meats and all Provisions and Ammunition that they call it Malta Flor del Mondo Malta the Flower of the World being provided alwaies with Ammunitions and Provisions for a three years siege yet this is to be understood not only because of its Fortifications and Ammunitions but likewise because of its force and the resolution of its Knights The Order of Knighthood first instituted This order of Knighthood according to Sandys received their denomination from John the charitable Patriarch of Alexandria though vowed to St. John Baptist as their Patron Their first seat was the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem built by one Gerrard at the same time when the Europeans had something to do in the Holy-Land where they received such good success and became so famous that they drew divers worthy persons into this society which by Pope Gelasius the second was much approved of He saith that one Raymond was the first Master of this Order who did amplifie their Canons and entituled himself The poor servant of Christ and Guardian of the Hospital in Jerusalem and at the allowance of one Honorius the second were apparelled in black garments signed with a White-Cross this Order we have said began at Jerusalem and at first meddled not but with the Government of the Hospital of St. John and were called Fryers Hospitallers or simply Hospitallers as those of the Temple Templers but when these Hospitallers were constrained to make profession both of Hospitality and Arms they were called Knights Hospitallers or Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem These Knights oft forced to remove their habitations after the loss of Jerusalem they held their Convent in the City and Fortress of Margatt then in Aicre or Ptolomaido and all the Latine Christians being driven from the Holy Land and from Souria they retired into Cyprus But during their stay in Cyprus they gained Rhodes and established themselves there so powerfully that they were called Knights of Rhodes Margaret was taken from them in 1285. Aicre in 1291 little less than 200 years after Godfrey of Bulloin had Conquered the Holy Land and this order began before after the loss of Aicre they lived in Cyprus from 1291 to 1309. in which year they took and settled in Rhodes and maintained it more than 100 years sustaining four sieges till in 1522 Sultan Solyman became Master of Rhodes they then retired into Europe now into one place and then into another and in fine to Malta which Charles the fifth gave them in 1530. with some little neighbouring Isles as likewise the City of Tripoly in Barbary which they could keep no longer then 1551. that place being too far engaged in the Enemies Country These Knights are of divers Nations and are divided into eight Tongues to wit of Province of Auvergne of France of Italy of Arragon of England of Germany and of Castile so that the three first are in France and the last in Castile each Tongue contains many Priories and each Priory many Commanderies these three Tongues which are in France have near 300 Commanderies The other five Tongues which are in Italy Arragon England Germany and Castile made near 400. but there are no more in England England the Kings of England when they confiscated the goods of the Church having likewise seized the goods and Commanderies of the Knights of Malta and in Germany a part of these Commanderies being fallen into the hands of Lutherans and Calvinists serve no longer so that at present France alone furnishes little less than half the Commanderies of Malta And it hath been observed that from the first establishment of this Order unto this very present of 57 great Masters there hath been 37 French only 4 or 5 Italians 7 or 8 Spaniards and 11 whose Nation and Tongue the History could not observe but apparently the most part were French since this Order began by the French of these 34 known 12 were in the Holy-Land and in Souria 13 in Rhodes and 〈◊〉 in Malta unto Father Paul of Lascaris of every one there is a Grand Prior who lives in great reputation in his Country who orders the affairs of their Order and for England St. Johns by Clarken-well in times past was a mansion of the Grand-Prior There are several Councels among these Knights Their Government as that for deciding of differences which may happen among them the Councel of War the General Chapter which may augment or moderate the Authority of the great Master renew the Ordinances and Government of the Religion or their Order and which is held every five years The Ceremonies performed in making these Knights The Ceremonies used in Knighting are these which follow first being cloathed in a long loose garment he goeth to the Altar with a Taper in his hand of White Wax where he kneeleth down and desires the Order of the Ordinary then
of Ships in like manner are they found in the Gulph or Bay of St. Laurence Besides the Cod-fish here are other sorts of Fish in great plenty as Thornback Ling Salmons Oysters c. The greatest of these Isles and which commonly takes the name of New-found-land is 4 or 5 Leagues circuit It is scituate betwixt the degrees of 46 and 53 of Northern Latitude and is severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea and is distant from England about 600 Leagues A Country ill-inhabited towards the East and South the Inhabitants being retired farther within Land but the English have of late settled some Colonies to maintain their Fishing-Trade Its Inhabitants The Natives are of a reasonable good Stature and well proportioned but full-ey'd broad-faced beardless and of an Oker complexion not over ingenious their Houses are very mean and their Apparel and Furniture worse The Country being for the generality reputed fertil if well cultivated and would yield good Grains is enriched by Nature with plenty of Fish Fowl and wild Beasts and is blest with a wholsom Air though the rigour of the Winter season and the excess of Heats in Summer do something detract from its due praise East of New-found-land is a great Bank a thing as remarkable as any in all Canada This Bank is much different from those which are covered with Water when the Sea is high uncovered and dry on an Ebb Saylors must shun such Banks like death This which we now speak of is like a Country overflown always covered with the Sea and having at least 20 30 or 40 Fathom water for the depth is unequal Off from this Bank on all sides the Sea is no less than 200 Fathom deep and yet this Bank is 200 Leagues long 20 25 and sometimes 50 broad It is on this Bank that the New-found-landers that is those Ships that go to fish for Cods of New-found-land do for the most part stop and make their freight About this great Bank and more towards the Main Land than the Ocean there are some others much less but of the same nature It is almost incredible how many Nations and of each how many Sail of Ships go yearly to fish for these Cods with the prodigious quantity they take a Man being able to take 100 of them in the space of an hour The manner of Fishing They fish with Hooks which are no sooner thrown into the Sea but the greedy Fish snapping the Bait is taken by the Hook and drawn on Ship-board they lay him presently on a Plank one cuts off his head another guts it and takes out its biggest bones another salts and barrels it c. Which being thus ordered is hence transported by the English and other European Nations into all parts of Europe as also into the other three parts of the World They Fish only in the day time the Cod as they say not biting in the night nor doth this Fishing last all Seasons but begins a little before Summer and ends with September In Winter the Fish retires to the bottom of the deep Sea where Storms and Tempests have no power Another kind of Fishing Near New-found-land there is another kind of fishing for the same Fish which they call dried Fish as the other green Fish The Ships retire into some Port and every Morning send forth their Shallops one two or three Leagues into the Sea which fail not to have their load by Noon or a little after They bring them to Land lay them on Tables or Planks and order it as the other but after the Fish hath been some days in salt they take it forth exposing it to the Air and Wind lay it again in heaps and return it from time to time to the open Air till it be dry That this Fish may be good it must be dried in a good and temperate Air Mists moisten it and make it rot the Sun hardens it and makes it yellow At the same time they fish for Cods green or dry the Fishers have the pleasure of taking Fowl without going forth of their Vessels They take them with a Line as they do fish baiting the Hook with the Cods Liver these Fowl being so greedy that they come by flocks and fight who shall get the Bait first which soon proves its death and one taken the Hook is no sooner thrown out again but another is catch'd in the like nature But enough of these and of Cod-fishing In the year 1623 Sir George Calvert Knight the Principal Secretary of State and afterwards Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of New-found-land which was erected into the Province of Avalon where he settled a Plantation and erected a stately House and Fort at Ferry-land where he dwelt some time And after his death it fell to his Son the Right Honourable Caecilius late Lord Baltimore also Proprietor of Mary-land CANADA taken particularly is on the Right hand and towards the lower part of the great River The River Canada and its name is communicated both to the River and Neighbouring Country This River is the largest of America Septentrionalis and one of the fairest in the World It is about 200 Fathom deep and at its Mouth 30 Leagues broad It s course according to the report of those of the Country is already known for 4 or 500 Leagues and there is some likelyhood that we may in the end discover that the Lake which seems to be its head-Spring disburthens it self into the Sea by two or three different courses one towards us which is that of Canada another towards the West and above California the third towards the North and into the Christian Sea and that the Mouth of this may shew us the way we have so long sought to go to the East-Indies by the West People with whom the French Trade Their Colonies The People with whom the French trade here are the Canadans the Hurons the Algonquins the Attiquameques Nipisiriniens Montagnets those of Saguenay Acadia c. And to this purpose they have divers Colonies on the great River at Tadousac at Quebeck at Three-Rivers at Sillery at Richelieu at Montreal and without the Bay of Chaleur at Miscou at Port-Royal c. This Trade is only managed by Exchange they give the Skins of Bevers Otters Martles Sea-Wolfes c. for Bread Pease Beans Plumbs Kettles Cauldrons Hatchets Arrow-heads Pinchers Coverlids c. But to instruct them in Christianity many Ecclesiasticks of Religious Orders have had divers disbursements and residences likewise an Hospital and Seminary of Vrsilines The Jesuits have the chief care of these Houses North of Canada is ESTOTTILAND Estottiland or TERRADE LABRADOR near Hudsons Streight it is called sometimes the Land of Cortereal and sometimes new Britany however I esteem it a part of new France the Country is Mountainous Woody full of wild Beasts well furnished with Rivers rich in Metals of a fertil Soil in most places and would produce
Isle called Mahatan regarding the Sea made so by Hudsons River which separates it from Long Island The Town is large containing about 500 well built houses and for Civil Government it hath a Major Aldermen Sheriff and Justices of the Peace for security of the Town here is raised a Fort called James Fort a place of considerable strength The Town is Inhabited by Dutch as well as English and hath a considerable Trade with the Indians and is like to be a place of considerable Account Province of Maryland described MARYLAND is South of Virginia from which it is severed by the River Patowmeck The Bay of Chesopeak giving entrance to Ships into Virginia and Maryland passeth through the heart of this Province and is Navigable for about 200 miles into which fall the Rivers of Patowmeck Patuxent Severn and Sasquesahanough which lie on the West side of the Bay and to the East those of Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke with some others to the great improvement of the soil The Country of late years since the felling the Woods and the people accustoming themselves to English dyet is very healthful and agreeable to their Constitutions few dying at their first coming of the Countreys disease or seasoning and as to temperature of the Air the Heats in Summer nor the Colds in winter are offensive to its Inhabitants It s soil The soyl is rich and fertil naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New England and doth abound in the said several sorts of Beasts and Fowl both tame and wild hath also the same Fish Fruits Plants Roots Herbs Trees Gums Balsams c. but the Fruits are more excellent and in greater plenty here Mulberry trees grow wild and were the people industrious the Silk trade might be soon brought to perfection but their imployment is altogether taken up in planting and ordering their Tobacco Trade which is the only and Staple Commodity of the Countrey which they vend for such necessaries as they have occasion for They yearly freighing about one hundred sail of Ships there with People The Natives as to their Complexion Stature Costoms Laws Religions Dispositions Habit Dyet c. are much the same with the Indians in the other parts of America and are of divers Tribes or sorts of People and each governed by their particular King This Province of Maryland is by Patent granted to the Right Honourable the Lord Baltimore and to his Heirs and Assigns being absolute Lord and Proprietor of the same having Royal Jurisdictions and Prerogatives both Military and Civil as making of Laws pardoning of Offences conferring of Honours Coyning of Money c. and in acknowledgment thereof paying yearly to his Majesty and his Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle on Easter Tuesday This Province is severed into ten Counties viz. five Eastwards Division of the Province into Counties and five Westwards of Chesopeak Bay and in every County there is held an inferiour Court every two months for small matters from which there lyeth Appeals to the Provincial Court at St. Maryes and each County have their Sheriffs Government and Justice of the Peace The English which are reckoned about 16000 have begun of late to build some Towns which 't is hoped in few years will come to good perfection as Calverton Herrington and Harvy-Town all commodiously seated for the benefit of Trade and conveniency of Shipping but the principal Town is St. Maryes seated on St. Georges River beautified with several well built houses where his Lordship Charles Lord Baltimore hath his House and where the general Assemblies and Provincial Courts are held and publick Offices kept But his Lordship 's general Residence is at Mattapany about eight miles distant where he hath a fair and pleasant house Virginia by whom first descovered VIRGINIA is said to be first discovered by Sir Francis Drake as indeed all this tract of Sea Coast and was so named by Sir Walter Rawleigh in honour of Queen Elizabeth who then Reigned but before it was brought to any perfection much time was spent with no small expence and loss of mens lives And about the Reign of K. James a Patent was granted to certain persons as a Corporation and called the Company of Adventurers of Virginia but upon divers misdemeanours and miscarriages about the year 1623 the Patent was made void and hath been since free for all his Majesties Subjects to Trade unto It is scituate Southwards of Maryland Its Bounds and hath for its Eastern limits the Atlantick Ocean It is blest with a good Air and the Clime of late since the clearing of woods is found very agreeable to the English so that few die of the Country disease called seasoning It s Fertility The soil is so fertil that an Acre of ground commonly yields 200 bushels of Corn and is very apt to produce what is put therein as English Grains Roots Seeds Plants Fruits c. besides those appropriate to the Country and other adjacent parts of America and it is observed that their Fruits which are in great abundance and of various sorts for goodness may compare with those of Italy or Spain which are esteemed the best in Europe They have great abundance of Beasts Fowl and Fish It s Beast Fowl and Fish much the same as in New England which I have taken notice of in New England and their Turkeys are said to weigh about six stone amongst their small Birds is the Mock-Bird which counterfeiteth the notes of all Birds for which it is esteemed excellent Its Commodities The Commodities which this Country doth or may produce are Flase Hemp Woad Madder Pot-Ashes Hopps Honey Wax Rapeseed Anniceseed Silk if they would make it Mulberry Trees here growing in so great plenty several sweet Gums and excellent Balsomes Alome Iron Copper several sorts of Woods Plants c. used by Dyers Pitch Tarr Rosin Turpentine sundry sorts of rich Furrs Elk-skins and other Hides but above all Tobacco which is their principal Commodity and the standard by which all other Commodities are prized but it were to be wished the Inhabitants would imploy their time about other Commodities as well as Tobacco and they would soon find the profit and their Tobacco would not be such a drugg as now it is Its Rivers This Countrey is well watered with several great and strong Rivers which loose themselves in the Gulph or Bay of Chesopeak which gives entrance for Shipping into this Countrey as well as to Maryland and is a large and capacious Bay found very commodious for Shipping being said to run up into the Country Northwards above 200 miles amongst the Rivers those of most note are Pawhatan now James River found Navigable about 150 miles Pamaunke now York River also large and Navigable about 60 miles and Rapahanock which is long and Navigable about 120 miles And near or adjoyning to these Rivers for the conveniency of Shipping the English are seated
of the said Company Jamaica described JAMAICA is an Isle of a large extent being from East to West 170 miles in length and from North to South where it is broadest about 70 being of an Oval form and waxing narrower and narrower at both extream ends It is seated betwixt the Tropicks in the 17 and 18 degrees of Northern Latitude It s scituation Extent and beareth from off the Isle of Hispaniola Eastwards about 35 Leagues In the midst of the Isle from East to West runs a continued ridge of lofty Mountains which are well stored with fresh Springs whence flow the many Rivers that so plentifully water the Island Well watered to the great benefit of the Inhabitants The Air is observed to be more temperate than any of the Caribe Isles and of as mild a temperature as any place betwixt the Tropicks being alwaies refreshed with cool breezes frequent showers and great dews in the nights that it may be deemed Temperate and by its continual verdure exceeding delightful The Weather The weather is less certain than in the Caribe Isles the most observable wet seasons are in November and May there being no seemable Winter but by a little more rain and thunder in the Winter months nor is there scarce any sensible lengthning or shortning of the Days or Nights Hurricanes are here never known It s fertility and commodities This Isle in most parts especially the North is of a Fertil and rich soil and liberally answers the Cultivators cost and pains for what is planted The chief Commodities that it produceth are Sugars which are so good that they out sell those of the Barbados 5 s. per cent Cocao the richest Commodity of the Island Indico Cotton Tobacco but indifferent Hides Copper great variety of Woods for Dyers also Cedar Brasilletto Lignum vitae Ebony c. Tortoises in exceeding great plenty whose flesh is excellent good and nourishing but those that are troubled with the French man it is dangerous to eat Salt Salt-Peter Ginger Cod-pepper Piemente being an excellent Aromatick spice of a curious gusto having the mixt tast of divers Spices Cocheneil divers excellent Druggs Gumms and Balsoms many of which are not yet known by their names Here are greater abundance of Cattle than in most of the English Plantations as Horses Cows Hoggs Sheep Goats Asnegroes Mules Great plenty of Cattle which came from the breed of those put into the Woods by the Spaniards when they were first Masters of the Island which for want of Masters became wild but since the English have had to do here they are much wasted to what they were The Bays Rivers Roads and Creeks Fish Fowl are well stored with excellent Fish of sundry sorts appropriate to the Indies Likewise great store of Fowl both tame and wild the chief of which are Ducks Teal Wigeon Geese Turkyes Pigeons Hens Plovers c. Here are great plenty of excellent Fruits as Oranges Fruits Cocarnuts Pomegranates Limes Guavers Mammes Alumee-Supotas Avocatas Cashues Prickle-Apples Prickle Pears Grapes Sower sops Custard-Apples Dildoes Plantains Pines c. And Herbs Roots Herbs and Roots and Flowers common to England grow here very well Here are very noxious Beasts or Insects found those most dangerous are the Alegators Hurtful things some of which are fifteen and twenty foot long here is also Manchonele which is a kind of Crab likewise Snakes and Guianas but not poysonous as also Muskettoes and Merrywings a sort of stinging Flies found very troublesome to the Inhabitants The Diseases that Strangers are most incident unto are Dropsies occasioned by ill Dyet Drunkenness Diseases and Sloathfulness Calentures too frequently the product of Surfeits also Fevers and Agues but it is experimentally sound that if a good Dyet and moderate Exercises are used without excess of Drinking they may enjoy a competent measure of health and the reason of the great mortality of the Army at their arrival was the want of Provisions together with an unwillingness to labouror exercise joyned with discontent This Island is divided into Fourteen Precincts Divisions or Parishes It s division in to Precincts or Parishes many of which are well Inhabited especially the Southern part so far as the ridge of Mountains which runneth in the midst nor are its Southern parts especially near the Sea without Plantations though not so thick as about St. Jago and of late years the Island is much increased in its Inhabitants and Plantations being likely to prove the Potentest Colony the English are Masters of in America being able to bring into the Field upon occasion about eight or ten thousand men This Isle abounds with goods Bays Roads and Harbours the chief amongst which are Port Royal formerly Cagway It s chief places Port Royal. seated on the extream end of that long point of Land which makes the Harbour which is exceeding commodious for Shipping and secured by a strong Castle and land lock't by a point of land that runs twelve miles South-East from the main of the Island having the great River that runs by los Angelos and St. Jago falling into it where Ships do commonly water and conveniently wood The Harbour is two or three Leagues broad in most places with good Anchorage and so deep that a Ship of one thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shoar of the point and load and unload with Planks afloat which commodiousness doth make it much resorted unto and as well Inhabited by the Merchants Store-house-keepers and other Inhabitants this being the only noted place in the Isle for Traffick and resort being said to contain about 12 or 1500 well built houses which are as dear rented as if they stood in well traded streets in London yet its scituation is very unpleasant and uncommodious having neither Earth Wood or fresh water but only made up of a hot loose sand which renders it more unhealthful than up in the Country and Provisions are very dear about 12 miles up in the Land from this Town is St. Jago St. Jago or St. Jago de la vega which when the Spaniards were Masters of it was large containing about 2000 houses which were destroyed and reduced to about 500 when the English first seized the Isle and here the Governour resideth and where the chief Courts of Judicature are held which makes it to be well resorted and inhabited where they live in great pleasure recreating themselves in their Coaches and on Horseback in the evenings in the Savana near adjoyning as the Gentry do here in Hide-Park The present Governour is his Excellency Charles Earl of Carslile Viscount Howard of Acorpeth Lord Dacres of Gilsland one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council a person for prudence and noble qualifications every way beâ—itting such a place Six miles Southward of this Town is seated Passage at the mouth of the River Passage which at six miles course falleth into the Harbour of
Port Royal it contains about twenty houses only serving for the conveniency of passage from Port Royal to St. Jago It s other places are Port Morant in the Eastern point Port Morant a very capacious and secure Harbour and hereabout is a Potent Colony of the English seated Old Harbour a good Bay for Ships to ride in Old Harbour Port Negril Port Negril in the extream Western point very commodious and secure to windward in which Men of War do often ply when they look for the Spanish Ships not far from which place was seated the old Town of Melilla founded by Columbus Port Antonio seated on the North Port Antonio a very safe Land lock't Harbour at the mouth of which lyeth a small Isle wholly taken up by the said Earl of Carlisle with divers other good Bays and Harbours along the Coast It s other chief places are Sevilla seated in the North part of the Isle Sevilla once beautified with a Collegiate Church whose Chief bore the title of Abbot amongst whom was Peter Martyr who described the History of the West Indies by Decades Mellilla And Mellilla seated on the North East where Columbus mended his Ships at his return from Veragua This Island was of considerable importance to the Spaniards by reason that all his Plate-Fleet which comes from Carthagina steer directly for St. Domingo in Hispaniola and from thence must pass by one of the ends of this Isle to recover Havana which is the common Rendezvous of this whole Armado before it returns home through the Gulph of Florida nor is there any other way whereby to miss this Island because he cannot in any reasonable time turn it up to the windward of Hispaniola which though with great difficulty it might be performed yet by this means he would lose the security of his said united Fleet which meet at Havana from all the parts of the Bay of Mexico Nombre de Dios and elsewhere accompanying each other home The Isle Boriquem with its chief places described BORIQVEM is little less either in Circuit or Fruitfulness than Jamaica St. Juan del Puerto Rico is the Residence of a Bishop and a Governor It hath an excellent Port which sometimes communicates its name to the Island El Arricibo and Guadianilla or St. Germain are the other Cities all the Isle hath few Ports it is traversed by a Chain of Mountains which cut it from West to East here is sound a white Gum which they use instead of Pitch to caulk their Ships and instead of Tallow to make Candles and for want of other Medicaments for Wounds and Sores besides its Gold Sugars and Gayac it hath many Salt-Marches These four Isles are the greatest and chiefest of the Antilles the rest are numerous and ought to be considered under the names of the Lucays and Caribes The Lucays are North of Cuba and Hispaniola of which Lucayon is the chief the greatest and the most Northernly of all Bahama gives its name to the Channel which is between the Isles and Florida a Channel so rapid that in despite of the Winds it carries Ships from South to North or rather from South-West to North-East Guanahani is the first Land which Columbus discovered near America and named in St. Salvador because he had been in danger to have been cast into the Sea by his own men in the fear they had that they should find no Land The CARIBE ISLES THE CARIBES or CANIBALS ISLANDS are so called from its Native Inhabitants who were Canibals or Men eaters and these are a great Body of Isles forming a Demy-Circle towards America Meridionalis the chief of which are set down in the Geographical Table and which I shall take notice of and first with Barbados BARBADOS the most considerable Colony the English are Masters of amongst all the Caribe Isles Barbados It s scituation is in the North Latitude of 13 degrees 20 minutes and although but of a small Circuit not exceeding eight Leagues in length and 5 in breadth where broadest yet it is a Potent Colony and able on occasion to Arm about 10000 Fighting men It s strength which with the natural strength of the Isle is able to give resistance to the powerfullest Foe It is exceeding fertil bearing Crops all the year long Fertility and the trees always cloathed in their Summer livery but the two seasons for Planting is in May and November but the Sugar Canes are Planted all the year round And here are found to grow in great plenty excellent Fruits as Oranges both sweet and sower Fruits Pomgranates Citrons Lemmons Limes Macows Grapes Juniper Apples Momins Acosous Papayers Monbains Icacos Raysins Cherries Cocos Indian Figgs Plantins Bonauves Guavers Castard Apples prickle Pears and Apples Millons both land and water and Pine Apples the rarest Fruit in the Indies They have great plenty of Fish and Fowl Fish and Cattle common with Jamaica and other places in the Indies and have also a competent stock of English Cattle and Horses but something dear by reason they imploy their Grounds better than to breed upon and most roots herbs and seeds and flowers common with us in England are found to thrive and grow very well The Commodities that this Isle produceth are Sugars Indico Cotton Wool Commodities Ginger Fustick and Logwood but especially Sugar Indico Cotton and Ginger lading yearly therewith 200 sail of Ships both great and small to the great enrichment of the Inhabitants and profit of England This Isle lying so near the Equinoctial Line cannot but be hot yet not so but that travel and labour is sufferable and that occasioned by the cool breezes of wind which riseth with the Sun and bloweth fresher as the Sun mounteth up And the Air is found very moist so that all Iron-tools are much subject to rust This Isle is not over plentifully watered with Rivers or fresh Springs there being but one that may appropriate that name or rather a Lake which runneth not far into the Land notwithstanding which defect the Inhabitants have no want of water for the Land lying low and even there are several Ponds and most houses have Wells or Cisterns which holds the rain water And here is a River called Tuigh-River remarkable for that on the top of the water is gathered an Oyl which is made use of to burn in Lamps Its Trees Amongst the Trees here growing which for the most part are appropriate to the rest of the Caribe Isles those of most note are the Cedar Redwood Mastick Locust the Iron wood tree also the Cassia Fistula Coloquintida Tamarind Cassavie of which is made their Bread the Poyson tree and the Physick Nut also the Calibash the Shell of whose Fruit serveth like Goards to carry liquid things in the Mangrass tree the Roucou of whose Bark is made Ropes as also Flax which being spun is imployed to several uses the Lignum Vitae and the Palmeto Here are several
began farther in the Cividad del Rey Philippe but the want of many things and the cold too harsh for the Spaniards made the last work cease and the men be brought back to the first Colony Pedro Sermiento returning into Spain fell into the hands of the English near the Coast of Brazil and on the other side Famine Miseries and the Cruelties of the Inhabitants of the Streight soon destroyed the Colony he had left After Drake many other English and Hollanders passed at divers times and in divers years Spilbergen in 1615. more happily then the rest having taken his time in January and February which is the Summer of these Quarters the Sun returning from Capricorne The Streight dele Maire discovered by Isaac le Maire a Hollander But in 1617 a hundred years after Magellan Isaac le Maire a Hollander having discovered another Streight incomparably more easie to pass then that of Magellan this only is now made use of and called the Streight Dele Maire It is between the 55 and 55½ degrees of Septentrional Latitude It hath throughout 10 or 12 Leagues of length and breadth and so soon as it is passed there is found a very great Sea there where we have formerly believed to be a Land so great that some would make it a third Continent under the name of Terra Australis or Terra Incognita and Magellanica The Inhabitants of Magellan Maire and the Magellanick Land The Inhabitants of the Streight of Magellan Maire and the Magellanick Lands are very barbarous having very sharp and dangerous Teeth they go almost naked though in a Countrey very cold they have neither Religion nor Policy they are born white but paint some part of their body red and others black And this Painting is a Band drawn straight from Head to Foot or else cross their Body or slooping the rest is in its natural colour or else sometimes varied with divers colours They garnish their Arrows and Javelins with Fish-bones or with Stones very sharp of which they make their Knives they use likewise Clubs and Slings The Patagons a sort of people Amongst these People are the Patagons a particular Nation in the Continent which some call the Race of Toremen If report be true they are the greatest men known at present in any part of the World They are said to be no less then ten foot high and we are assured that the greatest men that were with Magellan or with the English and Hollanders that passed this Streight reached but to their Girdle But it is time to leave America The first expence made to go thither was not of above 15 or 16000 Duckats which were advanced by Lewis de St. Ange Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the Kings of Castile and Arragon who then protested they had not so much money to expend yet notwithstanding this little hath returned them infinite riches Christopher Columbus seised on Hispaniola and the Neighbouring Isles a little after 1492. Americus Vesputius of Brazil in 1497. Ferdinand Cortes took Mexico in 1519. Pizzarre Peru in 1529. So others have seised of divers parts of America and still of those which are the best and have brought thence so much Gold Silver and Riches that they have filled almost all Europe and made those Estates Lordships and Commodities on this side which before were valued but at Twenty pence Twenty shillings or Twenty thousand pounds worth now a hundred times as much The Spaniards have received great losses from the English and Dutch But we must confess that these discoveries and these conquests of new Lands hath cost Spain store of men not so much in the War as on the Sea In 1590. a hundred Spanish Ships laden with very great riches to return to Europe passing in company near Florida a tempest surprized them and cast them all away save one whom Linscot reports to have seen in Tercera and this Author assures us that at the same time divers other Tempests or divers English Rovers took away or sunk another hundred of Spanish Ships so that of 220 parted the year before from New Spain St. Domingo Havana Cape Verde Brazil Guiney and other places not above 14 or 15 escaped shipwrack or the English Rovers Likewise after and at other times sometimes the English sometimes the Hollanders have not only taken abundance of Spanish Vessels on the Sea but likewise divers places on Land and sometimes whole Provinces and Islands The Hollanders held not long since a good part of Brazil the English hold at present Barbadoes Jamaica and some other places in the Isles and Lands about it And all those Isles which are on this side Hispaniola are in the hands of the English French and Hollanders who likewise establish divers Colonies on the Coast of Guiana which if they subsist those Isles are not already more troublesome Thorns to Mexico and Terra-Firma then these Colonies in Guiana will be to Terra-Firma Peru and Brazil The Trade of America in geral To give a small touch of the Traffick of this New World it is observed to give imployment to many Ships of great burthen and that of several Nations as well Europeans as others by which they have gained much riches in which England Spain France Portugal Holland c. have been large sharers To sum up the rich staple commodities that it produceth as also what Commodities they receive in exchange will not be unnecessary Its Fruits and Commodities First then Its Earth yieldeth Grains excellent Fruits Plants Sugar Indico Tobacco Ginger Long-Pepper and other Spices Several Medicinal Drugs Cotton of which as also of the Feathers of their Birds they make excellent and curious Manufactures In the bowels of the Earth lie hid in abundance of Mines Gold Silver Iron Lead Tin and Copper there is also plenty of Quick-silver Amber Precious Stones Pearls Bezoar Amber Greece Gum Arabick and several Precious Gums Cocheneile Saffron Chrystal excellent Balsom Rozin Salt Honey Wax Rich Furs Ox-Hides Tallow Whale-Oyl Dried Fish Pitch Tar Jallop Salsaperilla Gayac Turbith Several excellent Woods as Campeche Brazil Lignum Vita Green Ebony Cedar Cypress Firrs and excellent Wood for building of Ships Commodities sent them in exchange For these and other such rich commodities they take in exchange Beads Necklaces Bracelets and the like Toys as also Looking-Glasses Ribbons Needles Pins and all sorts of Haberdashery Ware also Knives Hatchets Saws Nails Hammers and other Instruments made of Iron with several other of the like cheap Commodities We have thus comprised all that seemed most necessary concerning America true it is whole Volums might be made only touching the Nature and Propriety of their Grains Herbs Plants Fruits Fowl Beasts and Fish which are all different from ours yet those which have been carried from hence have thrived and multiplied exceeding well either in one place or another But of all our Beasts nothing so much astonished them as our Horses and it was near a hundred years in Peru and other parts of America before those People would be perswaded to mount on them FINIS