Phillipo eighteene moneths but growing familiar with his Master one day when he saw his time and his Master in a good humour tooke a coale and vpon a white wall drew him from head to foot this being seene of his fellow slaues and shewed vnto his Master who had neuer seene a picture before was cause of his deliueance for making his escape or at least his Master winking thereat he made shift to come to Naples where hee wrought in colours a most curious Altar-table for King Alphonsus Hence hee went to Florence and made another Altar-table which pleased Cosmo de Medicis wondrous well whereupon hee was employed by Cosmo in making many small Pictures whereof some were sent vnto Eugenius the fourth whereupon he grew in great fauour with the Pope He was so addicted vnto Women that what euer he got hee bestowed and spent it among them whereupon Cosmo shut him vp into a Chamber in his house that he might follow his worke close but hauing beene thus mewed vp by the space of two daies the humouâ— of gadding tooke him againe in the head and one euening cutting his sheets made ropes of them and so gat out at a window But shortly after found and brought to Cosmo againe he had libertie to go and come at his pleasure and was better attended and serued then before For said Cosmo. The excellence of rare Spirits are heauenly formes and no burden-bearing Mules Many excellent peeces he made in Florence admired and applauded by the best Masters At Prâ—tâ—o by Florence where hee was acquainted the Nunnes of Sancta Margarita procured him to make their high Altar-table where being at worke hee espied a beautifull virgin a Citizens daughter of Florence whose name was Francisco Bati This maid was there kept to be made a Nunne she was most beautifull her name was Lucretia so he wrought with the Nunnes that he obtained leaue to draw her Picture but by continuall gazing vpon her countenance he became so enamoured of her that what by close messengers and other meanes he got her out of the Nunnerie he got her away and married her and by her he had a sonne named also Phillip who became an excellent Painter This Frier Phillips workes are to bee seene at Prato And amongst other S. Bernard layed out dead his brethren mourning about him and many Cripples and diseased persons which as it was said with touching the Herse and his body were healed Then hee most excellently wrought the Martyrdome of S. Stephen the beheading of S. Iohn Baptist with many others He died aged fiftie seuen Anno 1438. Hee had a stately Monument of Marble erected ouer him his Epitaph was written by Angelus Politianus which for the elegancy I will set downe Coâ—ditus his ego sum picturae fama Philippus Nulli ignota mea est gratia mir a manus Artifices potui digitis animare colores Sperataque animos fallere voce diâ— Ipsa mess stupuit Natura expressa figuris Meque suis fassa est artibus esse parem Marmorco tuâ—ulo Medices Laurentius hic me Condidit antè humilâ— pâ—lâ—ere tectus eram Antonello de Messino Antonello borne at Messino ought not to be forgotten who was the first that brought painting in Oyle into Italy For certaine Oyle peeces being sent by the Merchants out of Flanders to Alphonsus the first King of Naples which the King had in great admiration for that they could not be washed out with water comming to the view of Antonello Antonello could neuer be in quiet vntill he had found out the Inuentor whose name was Iohn Van Eyck who entertained Antonello very curteously and shewed him his Art what he could but at last Iohn van Eyck dying Antonello returned vnto Venice where his workes of the Magnifici were much admired and for that he brought the working in Oyle the first into Italy he was honored with this Epitaph D. O. M. Antonius pictâ—r pracipuum Messanâ— tâ—tius Siciliae ornamâ—ntum hac humâ— contegitur non solâ—m suis picturis in quibus singulare artificium venustas fiâ—t sed quod coloribus elâ—â— miscendis splendorem perpetuitatem primus Italica pictura conâ—ulit summo semper artificum â—â—â—diâ— celebratus Dominico â—irlandaio This Dominico was a Florentine by profession at the first a Gold-smith but falling to Painting hee became a great Master therein His first worke was a Chappell for the family of the Vespucci wherein hee drew in his Sea habit and standing vpon an vnknowne shoare Americus Vesputius who gaue America her name His best peeces are to be seene at S. Maria Nâ—vella in Florence He died Anno 1493. Raphaell D'Vrbine I ouerpasse for breuitie sake many other excellent and famous Artists of Italie equalling the former as Bellino Pallaiuoli Botticello Verrocchio Andreas Mantegna of Mantua so highly esteemed and honoured of Duke Luduvico Gonzaga Francesco Francia Michael Angelo and will comprise them in the excellencie of one onely Raphaell D'Vrbine who was borne at Vrbine whose fathers name was Giâ—vanni de Santi a Painter also This Raphaell was brought vp vnder Petro Perusini in Perusia where he so gaue his mind from a child vnto Drawing and Painting that in short time hee contended for the Palme with the greatest Masters of Europe and was for his admirable inuention sirnamed the Wonderfull There was a great aemulation betweene Raphaell and the afore named Francesco Francia who liued and wrought at Bâ—logna till at the last through meere admiration by report of each others skill they grew most louing friends greeting each either by letters continually yet had Francia neither seene Raphaell Vrbine nor any of his workes by reason he was old and could not trauaile abiding alwaies in Bologna vntill it fortuned that Raphaell Vrbine hauing made a S. Cicilia in a faire Altar-table for the Cardinall De Pucci Santi quatro which was to be set at Bologna at S. Giovanni Sopra Monte or on the Hill which Table he shut in a Case and sent it to Francia as vnto a deare friend that if any thing were amisse or it happened to be defaced or iniured in the carriage hee would amend it and beside so much befriend him as to set it vp in the place appointed and to see it want nothing fitting When he vnderstood thus much by Raphaels Letter hee opened the Case with great ioy and set the peece in a good and faire light which when he had throughly viewed he was so amazed and grew so out of conceipt of himselfe and his owne worke confessing his worke to be nothing in respect of Raphaell Vrbines which so strucke him to the heart that he died presently after he had set the peece in his place Anno 1518. The fame of Raphael Vibine at this time was so great that he was sought for and employed by the greatest Princes of Europe as namely the Popes Adrian and Leo Francis the first King of France Henry the eight King of England the Dukes of Florence
their childish capacities that what together with the sweetnesse of libertie varietie of companie and so many kinds of recreation in Towne and Fields abroad being like young Lapwings apt to be snatched vp by euery Buzzard they prooue with Homers Willow 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as good goe gather Cockles with Calignlas people on the Sand as yet to attempt the difficulties of so rough and terrible a passage Others againe if they perceiue any wildnesse or vnstaiednesse in their Children are presently in despaire and out of all hope of them for euer prouing Schollers or fit for any thing else neither consider the Nature of youth nor the effect of time the Phisition of all But to mend the matter send them either to the Court to serue as Pages or into France and Italy to see fashions and mend their manners where they become ten times worse These of all other if they bee well tempered prooue the best mettall yea Tulli◠as of necessitie desireth some aboundant ranknesse or superfluitie of wit in that yong-man he would choose to make his Orator of Vellem saith he in adolescente aliquod redundans quod amputem I wish in a yong man something to spare and which I might cut off This taken away ere degenerate with luxurious abundance like that same ranke vine the Prophet Ieremie speaketh of you shall finde the heart divino sain editum and sound timber within to make Mercurie of qui non fit ex quouis lign◠as the prouerbe saith And some of a different humour will determine euen from the A B C. what calling their children shall take vpon them and force them euen in despight of Nature like Lycurgus his whelpes to runne contrarie courses and to vndertake professions altogether contrarie to their dispositions This saith Erasmus is peccare in genium And certainly it is a principall point of discretion in parents to be throughly acquainted with and obserue the disposition and inclination of their children and indeed for euery man to search into the addiction of his Genius and not to wrest nature as Musitians say out of her key or as Tullie saith to contend with her making the Spaniel to carrie the Asses loade which was well obserued by the Lacedamonians and ancient Romanes in laying forth instruments of sundry occupations before their children at a certaine age they to choose what liked them best and euer after to take vpon them that profession whereunto they belonged How many are put by worldly and couetous fathers inuita Minerua to the studie of the lawes which studie I confesse to be Honourable and most deseruing who notwithstanding spend most of their time euen in Diuinitie at the Innes of he Court and how many Divines haue we I appeale to the Courts heires of their fathers friends or purchased advousons whom the buckram bagge would not better beseeme then the Bible being neuer out of law with their parishioners following their Suites and Causes from Court to Court Terme to Terme no Atturney more In like manner I haue knowne many Commanders and worthy Gentlemen aswell of our owne Nation as strangers who following the warres in the field and in their Armes haue confessed vnto me Nature neuer ordained them for that profession had they not fallen accidentally vpon it either through death of friends harshnesse of Masters and Tutors thereby driuen from the Vniuersitie as an Honorable friend of mine in the Low Countries hath many times cōplained vnto me or the most common mischiefe miserablenesse of greedie parents the ouerthrow and vndoing of many excellent and prime wits who to saue charges marrie a daughter or preferre a yonger brother turne them out into the wide world with a little money in their purses or perhaps none at all to seeke their Fortunes where Necessitie deiects and besots their spirits not knowing what calling or course to take enforceth them desperate to begge borrow or to worse and baser shiftes which in their owne natures they detest as hell to goe on foote lodge in Ale-houses and fort themselues with the basest companie till what with want and wandring so long in the Circle at last they are vpon the center of some hill constrained to say as Hercules between his two pillars Non vlterius Much lesse haue parents now a daies that care to take the paines to instruct and reade to their children themselues which the greatest Princes and noblest personages haue not beene ashamed to doe Octauius Augusins Caesar read the workes of Cicero and Virgil to his children and nephewes himselfe Anna the daughter of Alexi◠the Grecian Emperour was by her father so instructed that while shee was yet a yong and goodly Ladie shee wrote of her selfe a very learned and authentique Historie of the Church Aemilius Paulus the sonne who so brauely ended his daies at Cannas when his Colleague forsooke him seeing the fauour of the State not inclineable towards him left the Citie and onely spent his time in the Countrey in teaching his owne children their Latine and Greeke notwithstanding he daily maintained Grammarians Logicians Rhetoricians Painters Caruers Riders of great horses and the skilfullest Huntsmen he could get to instruct and teach them in their seuerall professions and qualities The three daughters of euer-famous Sr. Thomas Moore were by their father so diligently held to their booke notwithstanding he was so daily emploied being L. Chauncelor of England that Erasmus saith he found them so readie and perfect in Liuie that the worst Scholler of them was able to expound him quite through without any stop except some extraordinarie and difficult place Quod me saith he aut mei similem esset remoraturum I shall not neede to remember within memorie those foure sisters the learned daughters of Sr. Anthonie Cooke and rare Poetresses so skilfull in Latine and Greeke beside many other their excellent qualities eternized alreadie by the golden pen of the Prince of Poets of our time with many other incomparable Ladies and Gentlewoman in our land some yet liuing from before whose faire faces Time I trust will draw the curtaine Lastly the fault may be in the Scholler himselfe whom Nature hath not so much befriended with the gift of vnderstanding as to make him capable of knowledge or else more vniust disposed him to sloath or some other worse inbred vice Marcus Cicero albeit hee was the sonne of so wise so eloquent and so sober a father whose very counsell and companie had beene enough to haue put learning and regard of well liuing into the most barbarous Gete and had Crattippus so excellent a Philosopher to his Reader at Athens yet by the testimony of Pliny he proued so notorious a drunkard that he would ordinarily drinke off two gallons of Wine at a time and became so debauched euery way that few of that age exceeded him Sundry the like examples might be produced in our times but one of this nature is too many Others
eloquently with a faithfull penne and sound iudgement writeth the Life and Acts of Alexander in whom you shall see the patterne of a braue Prince for Wisedome Courage Magnanimitie Bountie Courtesie Agilitie of body and whatsoeuer else were to be wished in Maiestie till surfeiting in the best of his age on his excessiue Fortunes and euen burthensome to himselfe by his ouer-greatnesse he became 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an vnprofitable burthen of the earth and from the darling of heauen to be the disdaine of all the world After him whom indeed I should haue preferred before as being honoured with the Title of Historia◠〈◊〉 followeth Salust commended most for breuitie as also for the richnesse of his speech and phrase but wherein his breuitie consisteth the most are ignorant Our Grammarians imagine because his Discourses as they say are only of the matter and persons barely and nakedly described without circumstance and preparation counsels and deliberations had before effects and euents after which is quite contrarie as may be seene by the Conspiracie of Catilinâ— which hee might in a manner haue set downe in three words But how amply and with what adoe doth he describe it what circumstances more open more abundant then where he saith The Romane Souldiers being amazed with an vnwonted vprore betooke them to their Weapons some hid themselues others aduised their Companions to stand stâ—â—tly to it they were afraid in euery place the multitude of Enemies was so great The heauen was obscured with night and thicke Cloudes the perill wis doubtfull and lastly no man knew whether it were safest for him to flye or to stay by it And let them now see their error who affirme his Discourse to be vnfurnished of Counsels Deliberations Consultations c. Is not the reason set downe why Iugurth assaulted Cirtha at the arriuall of the Embassadours the intent and preparation of the warre by Metellus the Consull laid open in an ample manner wherein consisteth the richnesse of his Discourse His breuitie indeed worthy your obseruation and imitation consisteth in shutting vp whole and weightie Sentences in three words fetching nothing afarre or putting in more then needs but in quicke and stirring Asyndeta's after his manner as the most learned haue out of him obserued And since it is Tullies aduice as was his owne vse as himselfe testifieth Non in Philosophia solum sed etiam in dicendi exercitatione cum Gracis Latinâ— conâ—â—ngere By this time acquaint your selfe with that golden Cyri pâ—dia of Xenophon whom heere you shall see a couragious and braue Commander marshalling an Army there a most graue and eloquent Philosopher in the person of Cyrus shaping out vnto vs with Inke of Nectar a perfect and absolute Prince to the example of all Princes and Nobilitie for his studies his dyet his exercise his carriage and euery way manner of liuing insomuch as the Noble Scipio Africanus as well in his warres abroad as in peace at home aboue all other held Xenophon in highest regard euer saying he could neuer commend him sufficiently or reade him ouer often enough Hitherto haue I giuen you a taste at your own choice as well for vniuersall Historie as your imitation in writing and speaking That I account vniuersall which entreateth of the beginning increase gouernment and alterations of Monarchies Kingdomes and Common-wealths and to further you herein you may reade Iustine Diodorus Siculus Zonaras Oresius of more later times Sabellicus Carion with some others For speciall Historie that reporteth the affaires and gouernment of particular Estates you haue the most ancient Herodotus the Noble and eloquent Thucydides Arrianus Halicarnassaeus Polybius Suetonius and others All Historie diuideth it selfe into foure branches the first spreadeth it selfe into and ouer all place as Geographie the second groweth and gathereth strength with tract of time as Chronologie the third is laden with descents as Genealogie the fourth and last like the golden Bow Proserpins gaue Aeneas is that truly called by Cicero Lux veritatis which telleth vs of things as they were done and of all other most properly is called Historie For all Historie in times past saith Tullie was none other then Annalium Confectio the making of Annales that is recording of what was done from yeere to yeere But while I wander in forraigne Historie let me warne you nefis peregrinus domi that you be not a stranger in the Historie of your owne Countrey which is a common fault impoted to our English Trauellers in forreine Countries who curious in the obseruation and search of the most memorable things and monuments of other places can say as a great Peere of France told me nothing of their owne our Countrey of England being no whit inferior to any other in the world for matter of Antiquitie and rarities of euery kinde worthy remarke and admiration Herein I must worthily and onely preferre vnto you the glorie of our Nation M. Camden aswell for his iudgement and diligence as the puritie and sweet fluence of his Latine style and with him the rising Starre of good letters and Antiquitie M. Iohn Selden of the Inner Temple As for Giraldus Geoffrey Higden Ranulph of Chester Walsingham a Monke of S. Athanes with the rest they did cum saculo caecutire and tooke vpon credite many a time more then they could well answer that I may omit Polydore Virgil and Italian who did our Nation that deplorable iniurie in the time of K. Henrie the eight for that his owne Historie might passe for currant he burned and embezeled the best and most ancient Records and Monuments of our Abbeies Priories and Cathedrall Churches vnder colour hauing a large Commission vnder the Great Seale of making search for all such monuments manuse records Legier bookes c. as might make for his purpose yet for all this he hath the ill lucke to write nothing wel saue the life of Henrie the seuenth wherein he had reason to take a little more paines then ordinarie the booke being dedicated to Henrie the eight his sonne No subiect affecteth vs with more delight then Historie imprinting a thousand formes vpon our imaginations from the circumstances of Place Person Time Matter manner and the like And what can be more profitable saith an ancient Historian then sitting on the Stage of humane life to be made wise by their example who haue trod the path of error and danger before vs Bodin tels vs of some who haue recouered their healthes by reading of Historie and it is credibly affirmed of King Alphonsus that the onely reading of Quiâ—â— Curtius cured him of a very dangerous feuer If I could haue beene so rid of my late quartane ague I would haue said with the same good King Valeat Avicenna viâ—at Curtius and haue done him as much honour as euer the Chians their Hippocrates or the Sun-burnd Aegyptians their Aesculapius For Moralitie and rules of well liuing
lately repaired by some good Benefactor lie vnder his head which are Vox clamantie Speculum Meditantis and Confessio Amantis He was a Knight as also was Chaucer After him succeeded Lydgate a Monke of Burie who wrote that bitter Satyre of Peirs Plow-man He spent most part of his time in translating the workes of others hauing no great inuention of his owne He wrote for those times a tollerable and smooth verse Then followed Harding and after him Skelton a Poet Laureate for what desert I could neuer heare if you desire to see his veine and learning an Epitaph vpon King Henry the seauenth at West-minster will discouer it In the latter end of King Henrie the 8. for their excellent facultie in Poesie were famous the right noble Henrie Earle of Surrey whose Songs and Sonnets yet extant are of sweete conceipt and the learned but vnfortunate Sir Thomas Wyat. In the time of Edward the sixth liued Sternhold whom King Henry his father a little before had made groome of his Chamber for turning certaine of Dauids Psalmes into verse and merrie Iohn Heywood who wrote his Epigrammes as also Sir Thomas More his Vtopia in the parish wherein I was borne where either of them dwelt and had faire possessions About Queene Maries time flourished Doctor Phaer who in part translated Virgils Aeneids after finished by Arthur Golding In the time of our late Queene Elizabeth which was truly a golden Age for such a world of refined wits and excellent spirits it produced whose like are hardly to be hoped for in any succeeding Age aboue others who honoured Poesie with their pennes and practise to omit her Maiestie who had a singular gift herein were Edward Earle of Oxford the Lord Buckhurst Henry Lord Paget our Phoenix the noble Sir Philip Sidney M. Edward Dyer M. Edmund Spencer M. Samuel Daniel with sundry others whom together with those admirable wits yet liuing and so well knowne not out of Enuie but to auoide tediousnesse I ouerpasse Thus much of Poetrie CHAP. XI Of Musicke MVsicke a sister to Poetrie next craueth your acquaintance if your Genius be so disposed I know there are many who are adeo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of such disproportioned spirits that they auoide her companie as a great Cardinall in Rome did Roses at their first comming in that to auoide their sent he built him an house in the champaigne farre from any towne or as with a Rose not long since a great Ladies cheeke in England their eares are readie to blister at the tendrest touch thereof I dare not passe so rash a censure of these as Pindar doth or the Italian hauing fitted a prouerbe to the same effect Whom God loues not that man loues not Musicke but I am verily perswaded they are by nature very ill disposed and of such a brutish stupiditie that scarce any thing else that is good and sauoureth of vertue is to be found in them Neuer wise man I thinke questioned the lawfull vse hereof since it is an immediate gift of heauen bestowed on man whereby to praise and magnifie his Creator to solace him in the midst of so many sorrowes and cares wherewith life is hourely beset and that by song as by letters the memorie of Doctrine and the benefits of God might be for euer preserued as we are taught by the Song of Moses and those diuine Psalmes of the sweete singer of Israel who with his Psalterie so lowdly resounded the Mysteries and innumerable benefits of the Almightie Creator and the seruice of God aduanced as we may finde in 2. Samuel 6. vers 5. Psalme 33. 21. 43. and 4. 108. 3. and in sundrie other places of Scripture which for breuitie I omit But say our Sectaries the seruice of God is nothing aduanced by singing and instruments as we vse it in our Cathedrall Churches that is by Antiphonie Restes Repetitions Varietis of Moodes and Proportions with the like For the first that it is not contrary but consonant to the word of God so in singing to answer either the practise of Mâ—riam the Propheteâ—se and Sister of Moses when she answered the men in her song will approue For repetition nothing was more vsuall in the singing of the Leuites and among the Psalmes of Dauid the 136. is wholly compounded of those two most gracefull and 〈◊〉 figures of repetition Symploce and Anaphora For Resting and Proportions the nature of the Hebrew verse as the meanest Hebrician knoweth consisting many times of vneuen feete going sometime in this number sometimes in that one while as S. Hierome saith in the numbers of Sappho another while of Alcaus doth of neoessitie require it and wherein doth our practise of singing and playing with Instruments in his Maiesties Chappell and our Cathedrall Churches differ from the practise of Dauid the Priests and Leuites Doe we not make one sound in praising and thanking God with voyces and instruments of all sorts Dâ—â—â—e as S. Hierome saith reboet laquear â—empli the roofe of the Church ecchoeth againe and which lest they should cauill at as a Iewish Ceremonie we know to haue beene practised in the ancient puritie of the Church but we returne where we left The Physitians will tell you that the exercise of Musicke is a great lengthner of the life by stirring and reuiuing of the Spiriâ—s holding a secret sympathy with them Besides the exercise of singing openeth the breast and pipes it is an enemy to melancholy and deiection of the mind which S. Chrysostome truly calleth The Deuils Bath Yea a curer of some diseases in Apugliâ— in Italy and therea bouts it is most certaine that those who are stung with the Taramula are cured onely by Musicke Beside the aforesaid benefit of singing it is a most ready helpe for a bad pronunciation and distinct speaking which I haue heard confirmed by many great Diuines yea I my selfe haue knowne many Children to haue bin holpen of their stammering in speech onely by it Plato calleth it A diuine and heauenly practise profitable for the seeking out of that which is good and honest Homer saith Musitians are worthy of Honor and regard of the whole world and we know albâ—it Lyâ—urguâ— imposed most streight and sharpe Lawes vpon the Lacedaemâ—niâ—ns yet he euer allowed them the exercise of Musicke Aristotle auerreth Musicke to be the onely disposer of the mind to Vertue and Goodnesse wherefore he reckoneth it among those foure principall exercises wherein he would haue children instructed Tulliâ— saith there consisteth in the practise of singing and playing vpon Instruments great knowledge and the most excellent instruction of the mind and for the effect it worketh in the mind he termeth it Staâ—ilem Thesaurum qui moros instituit componiâ—que ac moâ—tit â—rarum ardores c. A lasting Treasure which rectifieth and ordereth our manners and allayeth the heate and furie of our anger c. I might runne into an
by Livie Dedamur per ficiales nudi vinctique exâ—lvamus religions populuâ— fi qua obligavimns ne quid divini bumâ—â—ive obstet quo minus instuns piun quâ— de integreine 〈◊〉 bellum The forme and words on their deliuery to the enemies hands were these Quandoquidem hice homines iniussu populi Romani Quiritum soedus ictuâ— iri sposponderunt atque ob â—am rem noxam nocuerunt ob eam rem quo populus Romanus Seelere impio sit solutus bosâ—e homines vobis dedo And so many yeares after was C. Mancinus deliuered to the Numantines with whom hee had entred into league contrary to the will and without the knowledge of the Senate Heraldes also examined and determined of wrongs and iniuries done vnto Embassadours and punished them by deliuering vp in like manner the parties offending vnto the nation or State offended They looked also to the strict obseruing of euery branch of the league or truce in briefe their Authority was comprised in these few words ' Belli pacis foederum induciarum oratorum feciales indices sunte Spurius Fusius was the first Herald that cuer was created among the Romanes and had the name of Pâ—ter Patratus in the warre which Tullus Hostitius made against old Latines Their priuiledges were great and many and too long for me here to reckon vp And to conclude for farther search of their institution priuiledges and Office I referre you to Iehan le Feron a French Authour I purpose not heere to enter into a large field and absolute discourse of Blazonry with all the lawes termes thereof hauing beene already preuented by Bara Vpton Gerrard Leigh Master Ferns Master Guillim late Portculleis pursuiuant in his Methodicall Display of Heraldry with sundry others So that in a manner more cannot bee saide then hath beene my selfe besides hauing written something of this subiect heretofore but onely to poynt vnto you as a stranger vpon the way the fairest and shortest cut vnto your iournies end in this Art The word Blazon is from the French Eâ—blasonner and note that we in England vse herein the same tearmes of Art with the French because the ancients of our Nobility for the greater part acknowledge themselues to bee descended out of Normandy and to haue come in with the Conquerour many retaining their ancient French names Charges vnto this day as Beauchamp Beaumont Sacuill Neuill with many others Your A. B. C. in this Art let be the knowledge of the sundry formes of Shieldes or Escotcheons which are and haue beene ordinarily borne in ancient times Among all nations we of Europe haue onely two kinds in vse the Lozenâ—s excepted viz. that we vse in England France Germany c. and the Ouall they beare in Italy which forme they yet from the old Romanes holde in vse The word Escotcheon is deriued from the French un esciâ— that from the Latine Scutam and that againe from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke which is leather because the ancients had their Shieldes of tanned leather the skinnes laid thicke one ouer another as appeareth by that of Vlysses vpbraiding Aiax Quae nisi fecissem frustra Telamone creatus Gestasset laeva taurorum tergora septem And Caesar saith CaÌ„brensis fighting hand to hand with Nennius a British King fast had his sword nayled into Nennius his shield being of hard leather at which aduantage Nennius had slaine him had not Labienns the Tribune stepped in betweene and rescued his master Now the ancient shields by reason that they were long and in a manner of that forme as some of the Knights Templers had theirs as appeareth vpon that their monument in the Temple Church differed much from the buckler or target which was round as it may appeare out of Livie Clypeis aâ—tem Romani vsi sunt saith he deinde postquam facti sunt stipendiarij scuta pro clypeis fectre And Virgil compareth the great eye of Cyclâ—ps to an Argolican Target for who will deny but that an eye is round That their shieldes as I haue said were long and in a manner couered the whole body he saith else-where Scutis protecti corporalongis Hereupon Scutum was called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it resembled a dore which is euer more long then broad The Carthaginians made their shieldes of gold M. Aufidius tels vs that his ancestours being Romanes had theirs of Siluer Alexander king of the Iewes opposed against Prolomy 8000. fighting men which hee tearmed Hâ—catomachi as much to say as fighting each man against an hundred because they vsed brasen shields The Numidians vsed shieldes made of Elephants hides impenetrable to any dart yet on the other side they had this discommoditie that in rainy weather they would like a sponge so soake in the water and become hereby so heauy the souldiers could hardly beare them The shield in times past was had in such honour that he who lost or alienated the same was accounted as basely of as he that with vs runnes from his colours and was seuerely punished and the Graecians fined him at a greater rate who lost his shield then he who lost his sword or speare Because that a souldier ought to take more care that he receiueth not a mischiefe then he should doe it of himselfe Bitter was that iest of Scipio when hee saw a souldier bestow great cost in trimming and glazing his shield I can not blame thee quoth he that thou bestewest so much cost vpon thy shield because thou trustest more to that then to thy sword The Lacaeademonians of all other the most warlike by the lawes of Lycurgus brought vp their children to the vse of shields from their infancy and famous is that Lacaedemonian mother for that her speech to her son when she deliuered him a shield going to the warre 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sonne either bring backe this shield or bee thou brought backe thy selfe dead within it But thus much of the shield or Escotcheon Armes or Ensignes at the first had their chiefe vse for distinction of Tribe from Tribe armie from armie being composed of two or moe colours whereof one was euer white or yealow which we now tearme Mettals and that of necessitie for without the mixture of one of these the other as too darke of themselues could not bee discerned farre neyther of white and yealow onely as participating too much of the light Hence they say though not generally true where there is wanting colour or mettal it is false armorie I will not stand here to dispute ouer philosophically as some haue done of the praeeminence of one colour aboue another or out of profound ignorance affirme blacke to be the most ancient colour because darkenesse was vpon the face of the earth in the Chaos as if colour were not qualitas visibilis luminis beneficio and privatiâ— were formarum susceptibilis and white the next because God said fiat Lux as if light were
and other antiquities hee could finde there Leofricke was sonne to the Earle of Kent and after being chosen to be Archbishop of Canterburie he refused it this Abbot in a time of dearth solde all the Iewels of his Church to buy bread for the poore After him succeeded Alfricke Leostan Frâ—theric Paul In this Abbot were giuen to the Monastery of Saint Albanes the Celles of Wallingford of Tinnemuth of Bealvare of Hertford and Binham Richard who liued in the time of William Rusus when the Cell of Saint Marie de Wymonaham or Windham in Norfolke was giuen vnto this Abbey beeing sounded by William de Albeney father to William de Albeney first Earle of Arundell Gaufridus who founded the Nunnery of Sopwell therby on the other side of the riuer founded and so called vpon this occasion two poore women hauing built themselues a small cabben liued in that place a very austere life praying and seruing God with great deuotion and for that they liued for the most part with no other sustenance saue bread and the water of a Well there wherein they vsed to soppe or dippe their bread it had saith mine Author a Monke sometime of that Abbey the name of Sopwell Then Radulphus Robert Simon Garmus Iohn William c. Off a gaue to this his Abby of Saint Albans these towns following viz. Thei l Edelâ—â—â—â—â— Wiclesfield Cagesâ—o cum suis Berechund Rikeâ—aresworth Bacheworth Crokâ—leie Michelfield Britchwell Watford Bilsey Merdell Haldenham Sprâ—t Enefeild Stâ—â—â—â—â—â— Hâ—â—â—â—â—ted Winelesham Biscopscoâ— Câ—dâ—â—â—dune and Mildâ—â—dune Egelsride his sonne and successour gaue Sandruge and Penefield Alfrickâ— Abbot of this Church after Archbishop Leofrick his brother gaue Kingesbury Câ—ealdwich Westwic Flamsted Nortâ—â—â— Râ—â—â—â—hang Wâ—â—â—â—field Birstan and Vpton AEthelwold Bish. of Dorchester gaue Girshuna Cuicumba Tyme Aegelwin Redburne ThuangnaÌ„ Lingley Grenburga One Tholfe gaue Estune and Oxaw One Sexi gaue Hâ—chamsted One Haâ—dh gaue Newhaâ— and Beandise Therefeld a religious woman gaue Sceanlâ—a Bridel Aegelwina another gaue Batesden Offal and Standune One Aegelbert gaue Craniford Aâ—â—an Cutesham Winsimus gaue Esenden Osulsus and his wife gaue Stâ—dham and Wilsinâ—â— others Walden Cudicote Scephal Bethell with sundry other Celles Churches and goodly possessions of me vnnamed If I should set you downe the inestimable wealth consisting in Plate Iewells Bookes costly Hangings Altar-cloathes and the like which by our English Kings Nobilitie and others haue from the foundation vnto the dissolution with the sundry priuiledges this Abby had I should weary my selfe with writing and you with reading but I omit them hauing onely proposed a mirrour to the eyes not of the Church pillars of ancient but the Church pillers of our times The Auncestors of this Noble family were Frenchmen borne taking their Surname of a Towne in Normandy called Sackuill whereof they were Lords and came into England to the aide of Duke William the Conquerour as appeareth by an auncient Manuscript or Chronicle of Brittaine now in the Custody of Mr. Edward Gwinn where he is called a Chiefetaine and is the seauenth man ranked in a Catalogue of names there for as it may be obserued out of Mr. Camdens Remaines that the better sort about the time of the Conquest began to take vp Surnames so againe they were not setled amongst the common people vntill the Raigne of King Edward the second He moreouer affirmeth that the most ancient and of best account were deriued from places whereof this name of Sackuill is one and to adde yet more vnto it Ordericus Vitalis the Monke in his Normane story saith that Herbrann de Sackuill was liuing in the time of William the Conquerour being father of three Noble Knights Iordan William and Robert de Sackuill and of a vertuous and beautifull Ladie named Auice who was married to Walter Lord of Alfage Hugleuill by whom shee had issue Iordan L. of Alfage Hugleuill that married Iulian the daughter of one Godsâ—all who came into England with Q. Adelize of Loâ—â—ine the Wife to King Henry the first After whose death the said Queene married to William de Albency Earle of Arundell from whom the now Right Honorable Thomas Earle of Arundell and Surry and Earle Marshall of England is descended S. Iordan de Sackuill Knight the eldest sonne was Sewer of England by the gift of the said Conquerour but liued and died in Normandy S. Robert de Sackuill Knight the yonger sonne liued in England and gaue together with his body the Mannor of Wickham in Suffolkeâ— to the Abbey of Sâ— Iohn Baptist in Colchester leauing issue a son named Sâ— Iordan de Sackuill a very eminent man in the time of King Richard the first as appeareth by a Charter of the said King made to the Monkes of Bordesâ—ey in Buckinghamshiere Sâ— Iordan de Sackuill that obtained of King Iohn a Friday Market weekely and a Faire once a yeare in his Towne of Sackuill in Normandy as saith the Kings Publike Records in the Tower of Lâ—â—don Holiinshed fol. 186. doth there ranke Iordan de Sackuill as a Baron calling him one of the assistants to the 25. Peeres of this Realme to see the Liberties of Magna Charta confirmed And for further proofe that they were men of no meane â—anke it is apparent in the Red booke of the Excheaquer in the 12. and 13. yeeres of the said Kings Raigne in these words Hubertus de Anestie tenes 2. food in Anestie parua Hornmcad dimid 〈◊〉 in Anestie de Honore Richardâ— de Sackâ—yle Agaiâ—e Sâ— Iordan de Sackuill Knight grandâ— childe to the said Iordan de Sackuill was taken prisoner at the battaile of Eâ—esham for siding with the Barons against King Henry the third in the 49. yeare of His Raigne whose sonne and heire named Andrew Sackuill being vnder age at the time of his fathers death and the Kings Waâ—d was like wise imprisoned in the Castle of Deuer Ann. 3. Eâ—n 1. and afterward by the speciall command of the said King did marry Ermynâ—â—de an Honourable Ladie of the houshold to Queene 〈◊〉 or whereby he not onely gained the Kings fauour but the greatest part of his Inheritance againe From whom the aforesaid Richard Earle of Dorset with Sâ— Edward Sackuill Knight of the Bathe his brother and others are descended one of whose Auncestors by marrying a daughter and co-heire of Rase de Denn sonne of Rodbert Pincerna that held the Lordship of Buckhurst with diuers other Mannors and Lands in Sussex about the time of the Normain Conquest In right of which marriage they haue euer since continued Lords of the said Mannor of Buckhurst with diners other Manors and Lâ—nds in Sussex c. Which William Earle of Devonshâ— was sonne of Sâ— William Cavendish of Chattesworth in the said Countie of Derby knight Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the eight Edward the sixt and Queene Marie by his wife Elizabeth daughter of lohn Hardwick of Hardwick Esquire The Auncestors of this Noble Familie called themselues Gâ—râ—ms whose issue
cassocke and affecteth the wearing of the richest iewels the French huge feathers Scarlet and gold lace the English his armes rich and a good sword the Italians pride is in his Neapolitan Courser the Germanes and low Dutch to be dawbed with gold and pearle wherein say they there is no losse except they be lost But herein I giue no prescripon I now come to your diet wherein be not onely frugall for the sauing of your purse but moderate in regard of your health which is empaired by nothing more then excesse in eating and drinking let me also adde Tobacco taking Many dishes breede many diseases dulleth the mind and vnderstanding and not onely shorten but take away life We reade of Augustus that he was neuer curious in his diâ—t but content with ordinary and common viandes And Cato the Censor sayling into Spaine dranke of no other drinke then the rowers or slaues of his owne galley And Timotheus Duke of Athens was wont to say whoÌ„ Plato invited home to him to supper they found theÌ„selues neuer distempered Contrary to our Feastmakers who suppose the glory of entertainment and giuing the best welcome to consist in needelesse superfluities and profuse waste of the good Creatures as Scylla made a banquet that lasted many dayes where there was such excessiue abundance that infinite plenty of victualls were throwne into the Riuer and excellent wine aboue forty yeares old spilt and made no account of but by surfetting and banquetting at last he gat a most miserable disease and dyed full of lice And Caâ—sar in regard of his Lybian triumph at one banquet filled two and twenty thousand roomes with ghests and gaue to euery Citizen in Rome ten bushels of wheate and as many pounds of oyle and besides three hundred pence in mony We reade of one Smyndirides who was so much giuen to feasting and his ease that hee saw not the Sunne rising nor setting in twenty yeares and the Sybarites forbad all Smiths and knocking in the streetes and what thing soeuer that made any noise to bee within the City walls that they might eate and sleepe whereupon they banished cocks out of the city and invented the vse of chamberpots and bad women a yeare before to their feasts that they might haue leisure enough to make themselues fine and braue with gold and Iewels Aboue all learne betimes to auoide excessiue drinking then which there is no one vice more common and reigning and ill beseeming a Gentleman which if growne to an habit is hardly left remembring that hereby you become not fit for any thing hauing your reason degraded your body distempered your soule hazarded your esteeme and reputation abased while you sit taking your vnwholesome healthes vt iam vertigine tectum Ambulet geminis exsurgat mensa lucernis Vntill the house about doth turne And on the board two candles seeme to burne By the Leuiticall law who had a glutton or a drunkard to their Sonne they were to bring him before the Elders of the City and see him stoned to death And in Spainâ— at this day they haue a law that the word of him that hath beene convicted of drunkennesse shall not bee taken in any testimony Within these fiftie or threescore yeares it was a rare thing with vs in England to see a Drunken man our Nation carrying the name of the most sober and temperate of any other in the world But since we had to doe in the quarrell of the Netherlands about the time of Sir Iohn Norrice his first being there the custome of drinking and pledging healthes was brought ouer into England wherein let the Dutch bee their owne Iudges it we equall them not yea I thinke rather excell them Tricongius and the old Romanes had lawes and statutes concerning the Art of drinking which it seemes are reuiued and by our drunkards obserued to an haire It being enacted that he who after his drinks faltered not in his speech vomited not nâ—yther reeled if he dranke off his cups cleanâ—ly seek not his wind in his draughs spit not left nothing in the pot nor spilt any vpon the ground he had the prize was accounted the brauest man If they were contented herewith it were well but they daily inueâ—t new and damnable kinds of carrowâ—ing as that in North-holland and Frizeland though among the baser sort of vpsiâ— Monikedam which is after you haue drunke out the drinke to your friend or companion you must breake the glasse full vpon his face and if you misse you must drinke againe whence proceede quarrelling reâ—iling and many times execrable murthers as Alexander was slain in his drunkennesse and Domitius Nero's father slew Liberius out right because he would not pledge him a whole carrowse and hence arise most quarrells among our gallant drunkards vnto whom if you reade a lecture of sobrietie and how in former ages their forefathers dranke water they sweare water is the frogges drinke and ordained onely for the driuing of milles and carrying of boates Neither desire I you should be so abstemious as not to remember a friend with an hearty draught since wine was created to make the heart merry for what is the life of man if it want wine Moderately taken it preserueth health comforteth and disperseth the naturall heate ouer all the whole body allayes cholericke humours expelling the same with the sweate c. tempereth Melancholly And as one saith hath in it selfe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a drawing vertue to procure friendship At your meate to be liberall and freely merry is very healthy and comely and many times the stranger or guest will take more content in the chearelinesse of your countenance then in your meate Augustus the Emperour had alwayes his mirth greater then his feasts And Suctonius saith of Titus Vespasians Sonne he had euer his table furnished with mirth and good company And the old Lord Treasurer of England Lord William Burghley how emploied soeuer in State affaires at his table hee would lay all businesse by and bee heartily merry Charles the Great vsed at his meates to haue some History read whereof hee would afterwards discourse And Francis the first King of France would commonly dispute of History Cosmography Poetry His Maiesty our Soueraigne altogether in points and profound questions of Diuinity When I was in Virocht and liued at the table of that Honourable Gentleman Sir Iohn Ogle Lord Gouernour whither resorted many great Schollers and Captaines English Scottish French and Dutch it had beene enough to haue made a Scholler or Souldier to haue obserued the seuerall disputations and discourses among many strangers one while of sundry formes of battailes sometime of Fortification of fireworkes History Antiquities Heraldrie pronunciation of Languages c. that his table seemed many times a little Academic In your discourse be free and affable giuing entertainment in a sweete and liberall manner and with a cheerefull courtesie
trauaile learned many excellent things which he taught Cyrus his sonne and hauing trauailed as farre as Meroâ— as a perpetuall monument of his long voyage he built a Citie in the forme of a Persian shield And it was the vsuall boast of Alexander said Archelaus a Cosmographer that he had found out more with his eies then other Kings were able to comprehend in thought and to no small commendation of himselfe Menelaus in Homer reporteth that hee had beene in Aegypt Cyprus Phoenicia and seene Thebes hauing an hundred gates and at euery gate two hundred horse-men for the guard But say some few of our Gentlemen are bettered by their trauaile but rather returne home worse then they went in manners and many times in Religion therefore it were better they â—arried still at home according to Clandian Fulix qui patrijs avum transegit in agris Ipsa domus puerum quem vidâ—t ipsa senem Qui bacule nitâ—â—s in qua reptaâ—it arena Vniâ—â— numerat Sacula longa casa Hee 's blest who in 's owne Countrie ends his daies Whose homestead see 's his old age and his birth c. But this happinesse is but puâ—rorum beaâ—â—tude as one saith and the greatest vnhappinesse to the truly generous and industrious minde If therefore you intend to trauell you must first propound vnto your selfe the End which either is ad vâ—luptatem vel ad vtilitatem pleasure or profit For the first euery one naturally affecteth and the foole himselfe is tickled with the sight of strange townes towers and habits of people Therefore you must hold you to the other which is profit which againe hath two branches your owne priuate or the publique your priuate as the recouery of your health by some outlandish meanes as the water of the Spaw some Phisitian famous for his cure in such such kinds change of aire or gaining as a Merchant by trasique or some profession wherein you excell others The publique is the generall good of your Countrey for which we are all borne it challenging a third part of vs. But before you trauaile into a strange Countrey I wish you as I haue heretofore said to be well acquainted with your owne for I know it by experience that many of our yong gallants haue gone ouer with an intent to passe by nothing vnseene or what might bee knowne in other places when they haue beene most ignorant here in their owne natiue countrey and strangers to their iust reproofe could discourse and say more of England then they In your passage I must giue you in either hand a light Preseruation and Obseruation Preseruation of your minde from Errors and ill manners of your bodie from distemperature either by ouer eating drinking violent or venereal exercise For there is not any nation in the world more subiect vnto surfets then our English are whether it proceedeth froÌ„ the Constitution of our bodies ill agreeing with the hotter climates or the exchange of our wholsome diet and plentie for little and ill drest or the greedinesse of their fruits and hotte wines wherewith onely wee are sometime constrained to fill our bellies I am not certaine No lesse perill there is ab istis callidis calidis Soliâ—â—â—liabus which almost in euery place will offer themselues or be put vpon you by others Keepe the fountaine of your minde from being empoisoned especially by those Serpents Error and Atheisme which you shall finde lurking vnder the fairest flowers and though you heare the discourses of all and listen to the charmes of some discouer your Religion or minde to none but resembling the needle of the compasse howsoeuer for a while mooued or shaken looke Northerly and be constant to one To be carried away with euery fancie and opinion is to walke with Câ—iâ— in the land of giddinesse the greatest punishment that God laied vpon him Before you enter into Obseruation first seeke the language that you may be fit for conference and where the language is best spoken there settle and furnish your selfe with the discreetest and most able Masters For as heere in England so in other places the language is spoken with more elegancie and puritie in some places more then others For the French Orleans and thereabouts is esteemed the best Florence for the Italian Lipsick for the high Dutch and Valledolid for the Spanish To helpe you in coniugating your verbes you may vse the helpe a while of a Grammer of that language but in generall you must expect your perfection from conference for hereby the true accent and the natiue grace of pronunciation which no booke can teach is onely attained Now aswell for neighbourhood sake as that the French tongue is chiefely affected among our Nobility it being a copious and a sweete language wherein so many famous workes by as great wits as any euer Europe bred haue beene published I wish you first of all to see France being seated vnder a temperate and most wholesome climate and shall not endanger your health so much as being sent vpon the suddaine from a colde Countrey into the scorching heate of another more remote I will not stand to make any Topographicall description of the Countrey I being herein both preuented long since by a faithfull pen beside I remember I am to write onely one Chapter not a volume You shall finde the French I meane of the noblest and better sort generally free and curteous vnto whom euen among their Princes State and Maiesticque retirednesse are burthensome so that sometime you shall see them familiar with the meanest La Nouë speaking of the French Nobilitie saith Elle est tres vallereâ—se Courtoise et â— y à Estat en la Chrestienté on elle soit 〈◊〉 si grand â—â—â—brè They are exceeding valiant and curteous and there is no estate in Christendome where they are in so great number They delight for the most part in Horsemanship Fencing Hunting Dancing and little esteeme of Learning and gifts of the minde contrary to the Custome of the ancient Romanâ—s as Cate the Censâ—r Câ—sar Paâ—lus Aemylius and many others no lesse famous for knowledge then action whereof themselues and their friends oftentimes complaine Commiâ—â—s layeth the fault vpon the remissenesse of parents in their education Ilâ— nourissent leur enfans seulement à faire les sâ—ts en habillements et en parâ—lles de nulle leâ—tre ils n'ont cognoissance They breed their children to play the waâ—ton fooles both in apparell and words but as for learning they know nothing The French are full of discourse quicke witted sudden in action and generally light and inconstant which Câ—sar found long since writing of them quod sunt in consilijs capiendis mobiles nouis plerumque rebus student and else-where he calles Galloruâ— subita repentina consilia Moreouer as among the Spanish and Dutch one fashion of Apparell still obserued amongst them argueth a constancie of minde and humour so their change
Vrbane Mantuâ— and diuers others Those stately hangings of Arras containing the Historie of S. Paul out of the Acts than which eye neuer beheld more absolute Art and which long since you might haue seene in the banquecting house at White-hall were wholly of his inuention bought if I be not deceiued by King Henrie the eight of the State of Venice where Raphaell Vrbine dyed I haue no certainty but sure I am his memorie and immortall Fame are like to liue in the world for euer If you would reade the 〈◊〉 at large of the most excellent Painters as well Ancient as Modern I refer you vnto the two volumes of Vasari well written in Italian which I haue not seene as being hard to come by yet in the Libraries of two my especiall and worthy friends M. Doctor Mountford late Prebend of Pauls and M. Inigo lones Surueyer of his Maiesties workes for building and Caluin Mander in high Dutch vnto whom I am beholden for the greater part of what I haue heere written of some of their liues CHAP. 13. Of Armorie or Blazon of Armes with the Antiquity and Dignitie of Heralds IT is meete that a Noble or Gentleman who beareth Armes and is well descended bee not onely able to blazon his owne proper Coate deriue by pedegree the descent of his family from the originall know such matches and allies as are ioyned to him in blood but also of his Prince the Nobilitie and Gentry where he liueth which is not of meere ornament as the most suppose but diuersly necessary and of great consequence as had I fortuned to haue liued in those times when that fatall difference of either ROSE was to be decided by the sword with which partie in aequitie and conscience could I haue sided had I beene ignorant of the descent and pedegree Royall and where the right had beene by inheritance of Blood Match or Alliance How should we giue Nobilitie her true value respect and title without notice of her Merit and how may we guesse her merit without these outward ensignes and badges of Vertue which anciently haue beene accounted sacred and precious withall discerne and know an intruding vpstart shot vp with the last nights Mushrome from an ancient descended and deseruing Gentleman whose Grandsires haue had their share in euery foughten field by the English since Edward the first or my selfe a Gentleman know mine owne ranke there being at this instant the world ouer such a medley I had almost said Motley of Coates such intrusion by adding or diminishing into ancient families and houses that had there not beene within these few yeares a iust and commendable course taken by the Right Honorable the Earles Marshals for the redresse of this generall and vnsufferable abuse we should I feare me within these few yeares see Yeomen as rare in England as they are in France Besides it is a contemplation full of pleasing varietie and for the most part sympathizing with euery Noble and generous disposition in substance the most refined part of Naturall Philosophie while it taketh the principles from Geometry making vse almost of euery seuerall square and angle For these and other reasons I desire that you would bestow some houres in the studie of the same for a Gentleman Honorably descended to be vtterly ignorant herein argueth in him either a disregard of his owne worth a weaknesse of conceipt or indisposition to Armes and Honorable Action sometime meere Ideotisme as Signeur Gaulart a great man of France and none of the wisest inuiting on a time many great personages and honourable friends to his Table at the last seruice a March-pane was brought in which being almost quite eaten hee bethought himselfe and said It was told mee that mine Armes were brauely set out in Gold and Colours vpon this March-pane but I haue looked round about it and cannot see them Your Lordship said one of his men eate them vp your selfe but now What a knaue quoth Mounsieur Gaulart art thou thou diddest not tell me before Ieate them I might haue seene what they had beene The dignitie and place of an Herald among the ancient Romans was very great that same lus Feciale or Law of Armes being first instituted by Ancus Martius as Liuis testifieth though some ascribe it to Numa Pompilius who ordained a Colledge of Heralds The office of an Herald was to see that the Romanes made not warre iniustly with any of their confederates to determine of warre peace leagues agreements wrongs taken or offered by them or their enemies and the like Now if the enemy had offered them wrong or taken away any thing from them by violence they first sent Messengers to demaund their right and the restoring of that they had taken away which was done in a soleanmneâ—sorme and the words pronounced distinctly and with a loud voyce and this manner of deliuering their message was called Clarigatio The forme was this Ioucnâ—â—egotestem facio siego impiè iniusletque illas res dedier populo Romano mibique exposco â—unc patriae compotem nunquam sinas esse If they refused their demaunds or to make â—â—stiitution first all league and friendship if any were betwixt them being renounced and broken after thirty daies which they solemnly obserued they proclaimed open warre and with fire and sword inuaded the enemies Countrey and by force recouered their owne Neither was it lawfull for either Consull or Senate or any of the common people to take vp Armes against an enemy without the consent and approbation of the Heralds Among the Heralds there was one the cheese and aboue the rest whom they called Pater Patratus and hee was chosen one who was to haue children and his owne father aliue him one of the inferior Heralds crowning his head and Temples with Veruaine made him the cheese or King either in concluding peace or denouncing warre The most ancient forme of denouncing warre is set downe at large by Liuie The Tybarens are reported to haue beene so iust in their making warre and defiance of their enemies that they would neuer meete them but first they would send them word of the day place yea and very houre they meant to fight Moreouer if any complaint by the enemy were made of breach of the league the Heralds examined the truth and hauing found out the Authours they deliuered them vp to the enemy to doe with them as hee listed or if any without the consent of the people Senate Heraldes eyther foâ—ght or made peace entred league c. the Romanes freede themselues again by deliuering vp the Authors to their enemies So were the Consuls T. Veturiâ—s Sp. Postumius for their error at Caudium and making peace with the Samnites contrary to the will of the people and Senat together with T. Numicius and Q. Aemilius Tribunes deliuered to the enemy The words of Postumius himselfe who made request that himselfe with the rest who had offended might be deliuered to the enemy are thus recorded