yeeres void to the kings vse and the goods of the church was spent to the kings vse the king pretending to take deliberation to choose one answerable to those that went before The same yéere after his death Ely made a bishopricke the king conuerted the abbey of Ely to a bishoprick which was before vnder the bishopricke of Lincolne placing there Henrie B. of Bangor the first Bishop of that sea Ann. 1115. Rodolphus B. of Rochester an English maÌ„ was promoted to be Archb. of Canterbury and Thurstinus the kings Chaplaine was elected Archb. of Yorke who because he refused to professe obedience to the same Sea was depriued by the king and therevpon went to complaine to Pope Paschalis who wrote that he would haue the order of Gregorie stand therein But Thurstine stood stiffely in the matter renounced his Archbishoprick promising he wold neuer either make claime to it or molest those that should enioy it Now afterward when Calixtus had called a CouÌ„cell at Rheims in Fraunce Thurstine wrought so that hée was in that Councell consecrated and had his pal notwithstanding the Pope had promised the king faithfully to the contrarie For which deede the K. was sore discontented with Thurstine and warned him the entrie of his land In the Councel of Rheims were gathered 434. Prelates A Councel of 434. Prelates The pointes there concluded were for establishing their owne authoritie in dispensing of Ecclesiasticall Offices in prohibiting Priestes marriages and sequestring theÌ„ from their wiues Which articles were sent to the Emperor to trie his mind before the Councell should breake vp who was contented with all sauing that he could not away to haue the inuesting of ecclesiasticall function taken from him The Pope excoÌ„municateth the Emperor wherevpon the pope procéedeth against him to excommunication It was not long after but the Pope came to Gisortium where Henry king of England resorted to him desiring that he would send no more Legates into the land except he himselfe desired because they spoiled the realme of great treasures The king of England sueth to the Pope and also that he would graunt him to vse all the customes vsed before of his auncestors in England and in Normandie To these petitions the Pope graunted and required againe of the king that he would license Thurstin the Archbishop aboue mentioned to returne with fauour into the land but the king vtterly denied that except he would submit to Canterbury Submit to Canterbury Anno 1120 the yéere following Pope Calixtus directeth his letters to the king for Thurstinus and to Rodulph Archbishop of Canterbury in which he doth interdict the Churches of Canterbury and Yorke and threatneth the King with excommunication except within a moneth after the the same Thurstine were receyued into the Sea of Yorke The Pope Thurstine Wherevppon Thurstine for feare was immediately sent for and receaued and was placed in the Sea Anno 1122. Within two yeares after Rodolfe Archbishoppe of Canterburie died whom Gulielmus de Turbin succéeded About which time in the xxvij yere of the kings reigne the Gray friers The Graye friers by procurement of the king came first into Englande and had their house first at Canterburie Anno 1125. the king called a Councell at London where the spiritualtie of England not knowing whereabout it was required graunted the king to haue the punishment of maried Priestes The Priests pay to the K. for their wiues Whereupon the Priestes paying to the K. a certain summe were suffered to retaine their wiues stil to the great gaine of the king This king Henrie buylded the Abbey of Reading for ioy of Saint Iames hand which his daughter Mawde who had maried with the Emperor Henrie the fift brought vnto him after the decease of her husband She was after maried to Geffrey Plantagenet Earle of Aniou of whome came Henrie the second About this time was founded the Priorie of Norton in the Prouince of Chester by one William the sonne of Nichelle This K. an 1131. Danegelt released by the king released vnto the land the Danegelt which his father and brother renued Hee erected also a new Bishoprick at Carlill After Calixtus succéeded Honorius 2. Notwithstanding that the Cardinals had elected another Honorius B yet he by that meanes of certaine Citizens obteyned it An. 1125. Vnto this time liued Henricus v. after that hee had reigned xx yeres died out issue Next after Henricus the Empire fell to Lotharius D of Saxon an 1127. In the time of P. Honorius 2. there was one Arnulphus Arnulphus some say Archbishop of Lugdune Trithemiê° saith he was a Priest that for sharpe rebuking of the Cleargie of Rome was layde waite for and priuily drowned He preached very boldly against their abuses Sabellicus and Platina say they hanged him About the time of this Arnulphus if it were not his own worke there was written a booke called Opus tripartitum Opus tripartitum that coÌ„playneth of many abuses and enormities of the Church as first Abuses of the church preached against of the number of holy dayes also of curious singing in the Church of the multitude of begging Friers and professed womeÌ„ with diuers other points of abuse About the yere of our Lord 1128. Knights of the Rhodes and Templars the order of Knights of the Rhodes called Ioannites and the order of Templars rose vp After Honorius Honorius succéeded Innocentius the second in the yere of our Lord one thousande one hundred and thirtie but after hee was chosen the Romanes elected Anacletus Betwixt which Popes great strife and contention rose Contention betwixt the popes till Lotharius the Emperor began to assist and take part with Innocentius This P. decréed that whosoeuer did strike a Priest Strike a Priest shauen should be excommunicate and not be absolued but only of the pope himselfe An. 1135. King H. dieth in Normandie after that he had reigned in England thirtie fiue yeares and odde monethes leauing for his heires Matilde the Empresse his daughter with her young sonne Henrie to succéede But the Prelates and Nobilitie contrarie to their oath made Steuen Earle of Boloign king sisters sonne to Henrie Hee entered his reigne an 1136. But the empresse about the 6. yere of his reign came into England and tooke him sent him to Bristow to be kept prisoner WheÌ„ce he escaped out and pursued the empresse her parte and caused her to flie the Realme the sixt yere of his reigne But after that Henrie Duke of Normandie inuaded in the quarrell of his Mother and so preuayled that Steeuen was contented to holde the kingdome but for his life time and that Henrie in the meane time should be proclaymed Heire apparant The same yere about October Steeuen ended his life after he had reigned xix yeres periuredly As Theobald succéeded after William Archb. of Cant. so in York after Thurstane followed William who was called S.
where Tho appeared not but sente another This the king tooke in great displeasure and laid diuers actions against him of reconings c. The other Bishops endeuoured to perswade Thomas to consider what he did and not to stande so stiflie against the king others encouraged him and at last they agréed with common consent to cite him vp to Rome vpon periurie and appointed him his daye of appearance Which when the Archbishop heard he also sent to Rome to whom the Pope directeth againe his letters of comfort that made Becket still to hold himselfe stout against the King who was so incensed against him that if he had not fledde the Court he had béene laid in prison Becket flieth and turneth his name to Derman for not answering to certaine accompts the king had to charge him withall But he sped him away changing his name and calling himselfe Derman and taking shippe at Sandwich fled into Flanders from thence to Ludouicus the French king who notwithstanding Letters and request to the contrarie gaue him entertainment and wrote to the Pope in his behalfe and although the K. had sent vnto him Ambassadors Robert Archbishoppe of Yorke with other Bishoppes and Nobles requiring him to deale otherwise thorow the French Kings letters did wholy encline to Becket But forasmuch as he could not be placed as yet in England the Pope sendeth him in a monks habite to the Abbey of Pontiniake in Fraunce where hée remayned two yeares And from thence he remoued to Senon B. in exile seuen yeres where he abode fiue yeres So his exile continued in all seuen yeres Now the king vnderstanding of the Popes fauor toward Becket sayling out of England into Normandie directeth ouer certaine Iniunctions against the Pope and the Archbishop of Canterburie Besides an 1166. it was set foorth by the kings Proclamation that all manner of persons both men women of Beckets kinred Beckets kinred banished should be banished without carrying away any penyworth of their goods Hee sent also to Guarrin the Abbot of Pontiniakes threatning him that if he would not put away Tho. hee would driue out of his Realme all the Monkes of his order Whereupon Becket was faine to depart to Lewes the French king who placed him at Senon and there found him the space of fiue yeares In which time of his absence he wrought all hee might against the king and those that he knew did not fauour him diuers letters passed to and from Becket to the Pope the king very seditious rebellious Frō which dealing a very pithie letter written by the Suffraganes of the Church of Canterburie could nothing perswade him but prouoked him very sharply to replie against them He reiected also the letters of the Empresse that endeuored to perswade him After these letters sent to and fro anno 1169. the King fearing least the Archbishoppe should procéede against his owne person by excommunication made his appeale to the Pope The K. feareth Becket whereupon he sent two Cardinals Guilielmus and Otho o take vp the matter at Grisorsium in Fraunce but it came to no conclusion Where William requiring Becket for the peace of the Church which hée pretended to resigne his Bishoprike so that the King would giue ouer his customes answered that the proportion was not like saying that hée sauing the honour of his Church and person could not so doo but the king Because the Pope had cōdemned them it stood on his soules health to renounce those ordinances and customes because the Pope had condemned them After the Cardinals were returned the French king also thought to haue preuayled with Thomas and laboured to perswade him but could not Thomas alwaies adding his obedience Saluo honore Dei very captiously that he might thereby make escape if néede were wherewith the King was greatly displeased After this there fell other displeasure betwixt them Anno 1170. And the sixtéenth yere of the Kings raigne at which time hée kept his Parlement at Westminster hée caused his sonne Henry to be crowned King with consent of Lordes Spirituall and Temporall which Coronation was doone by the handes of Robert Archbishop of Yorke with assistance of other Bishopses whereat Becket tooke great displeasure because hée was not called for and complayned thereof to the Pope at whose instaunce the Pope sent downe sentence of excommunication against the Archbishop and London Salisbury Duresme and Rochester that were doers with him in the Coronation and sendeth also two Legates the Archb. of Rhothomage and the Archb. of Nauerne with full commission either to driue the King to reconciliation or to interdict him by the Popes censure out of the Church wherevpon the king at last through the mediation of the French king and diuerse prelates great Princes was content to yéeld to reconciliation but would not graunt him his possessions and landes of his church before he repaired into England The king yeeldeth to Becket and should shew how peaceably he would agrée with the kings subiects This peace being thus cōcluded Thomas after 6. yéers of his banishment returned and was commanded of the yoong king to kéepe his house The Bishops before excommunicated required absolution of him but hée would not graunt therevnto simply without cauteles so they cōplained to the king who tooke it heauenly lamented oft sundry times that none would reuenge him of his enemy which certaine to the number of 4. hearing prepared themselues came into England out of Normandie about Christmasse time repaired to Thomas commanded him in the kings name to come to the yoong K. to doo his duty to him to restore the bishops whom he had excōmunicated for the kings coronatiō which Thomas would not grant vnto touching the absolutiō referring it to the pope who had excōmunicated thē In the end so disorderly Thomas behaued himselfe that they said he had spoken against his owne head and rushed out of the dores cōmaunding the monks to kéepe him forth comming What quoth Thomas thinke you I will fly away nay neither for the K. nor for any man will I stir one foote frō you and so cried after them Foure armed men kill Thomas Becket here here shall you find me laying his hand vpon his crowne The 4. whose names were Reynold Bereson Hugh Morteuill Wil. Thracy Richard Brito went to harnesse themselues returned the same day slue Becket méeting him about euēsong time with his crosse in his hand euery one striking him with his sword into the head they after fled into the North at length with much adoo The murtherers do penāce hauing obtained their pardon of the pope went to Ierusalem in linnen clothes barefoote fasting and praying whereof in few yéeres after they died Anno 1220. There was a question as saith Cesarius the monke at Paris whether Becket were saued or damned Roger a Normand holding against him Whether Becket were saued or damned
of his raigne notwithstanding many troubles he builded the colledge of Canons at Exeter and was buried at the Abbey of Winburne or Woburne After whose decease for lacke of issue the land fell to his brother Alured or Alfred ann 872. who first of the English kings Alfred of the English K. taketh his vnctiō from the Pope tooke his crowne and vnction of Pope Leo at Rome Hee after great alteration and diuers troubles forced the Danes to séeke for peace which was concluded vpon certaine couenants wherof one and the principall was that Gutrum their K. should be christened The other that such as would not be christened should depart the Realme Vpon these couenants Gutrum comming to Winchester The king of the Danes christened was there christened with xx of his great Nobles To the which Gutrū K. Alured being his Godfather at the baptisme named him Athelstane and gaue him diuers Countreys as of East-anglia conteyning Norfolke and Suffolke and part of Cambridgeshire and graunted to the Danes that were christened the Countrey of Northumberland the rest voyding the land Athelstane raigned xi or xij yeres Alfred buylded diuers houses of Religion as the house of Nunnes at Shaftesburie and the religious houses at Etheling Also another at Winchester named the new Monasterie and endued richly the Church of Saint Cutbert at Durham Hee sent also into India to pay and performe his vowes to saint Thomas of India which he promised in the time of his distresse against the Danes After hee had reigned nine and twentie yeres and sixe monethes he changed this mortall life and deuided his goods into two equall partes the one to vses secular the other to vses Ecclesiasticall Of the which the first he deuided into thrée portions the first for behoofe of his familie the second vpon his buildings the third vpon strangers The other second into foure partes the one to the reliefe of the poore Alfred a notable king an other to monasteries the third to the Schooles of Oxford for the maintening of good letters the fourth he sent to forraine Churches without the Realme He deuided the day and the night into thrée partes Eight houres if he were not let by warres A notable spēding of the time by the king and other affaires hée spent in studie and learning Other eight in praier almes déedes And the other eight in natural rest sustenance of his bodie and néedes of the Realme He especially prouided against robbing and théeues by seuere execution In such sorte that he caused to be set vp through his Dominion gilded brooches and none so hardie neither by day nor night to take them downe His vertues were many he was learned wise religious and valeaunt especiallie about the West part of the land he erected Schooles and mainteyned Students although among the Britaines in the towne of Chester in Southwales long before that in the time of King Arthure as Galfridus wryteth both Grāmer and Philosophie with the tongues were taught In the time of Egbert king of Kent some writers affirme that this land began to flourish with Philosophie About which time also some thinke that the Vniuersity of Grantchester néere to that which is now called Cambridge began to be founded by Beda Grantchester founded by Beda following this coniecture therein for that Alcuinus who went to Rome and from thence into Fraunce in the time of Charles the great where he first began the Vniuersitie of Paris was first traded vp in the same Schoole of Grantchester Paris began from Grantchester Bed lib. 3. cap. 18. writing also of Sigebert king of the East-angles declared how Sigebert returning out of Frāce into Englād according to the examples which he did there sée ordered and disposed Schooles of learning through the meanes of Felix then Bishoppe and placed in them Teachers after the manner of the Cantuarites And yet before these times it is thought there were two Schooles or Vniuersities within the Realme the one for Gréek at the town of Greglade which was after called Kirklade the other for Latine which was then called Latinlade afterward Lethelade néere to Oxford Alfrede very learned This King Alfrede was eleuen yeres of age before hee began to learne Letters hauing to his Master Pleimundus afterwarde made Bishoppe of Canterburie and grew so in knowledge that he trāslated diuers latin works as Orosius Pastorale Gregorij the histories of Bede Boetius de Consolat philosophiae also an Enchiridion of his owne making He compiled also an Historie in the Saxon tongue called the historie of Alfred He suffered no man to aspire to any dignitie in his Court except he were learned and caused all his Nobles to set their children to learning if they had no sonnes then their seruaunts He began also to translate the Psalter into English The Psalter translated by king Alfred and had almost finished the same had not death preuented him These endeuours he tooke in hand that the English nation might be furnished with knowledge which was decayed before by the innumerable volumes burned by the Danes The king carefull to furnish the land with knowledge He vsed chiefly the wise counsell of Neotus Neotus who was counted then an holy man and was Abbot of a certaine monastery of Cornewall by whose aduise hée sent for Grimbaldus a learned monke out of Fraunce and for Asserion an other learned man out of Wales whome hée made Bishop of Schireborne also out of Mercia hée sent for Werefrithus Bishop of Worcester to whom hée put the Dialogues of Gregory to be trāslated By the aduisement of Neotus he ordained certaine schooles of diuerse artes first at Oxford and fraunchised the same with many great Libraries Moreouer besides other learned men which were about Alfred histories make mention of Iohannes Scotus Iohannes Scotus a godly deuine and a learned Philosopher but not that Scotus whō we call Duns who came after this many yéeres This Iohannes Scotus at the request of Carolus Caluus the French king translated the booke of Dyonisius intituled De Hierarchia out of Gréeke into Latine word by word Hée wrote also a booke De corpore sanguine Domni which was after condemned by the Pope Scotus booke De Corpore condemned In concilio Vercellensi He wrote also a booke De naturae diuisione wherein he accorded not with the Romish religion whervpon the Pope writing to Charles of this Scotus complained of him so he was constrained to remoue out of France and came into Engl. to Alured as some say by the letters of Alfred of whō he had great intertainment till he went to Malmesburie where he was slaine of his owne schollers whō he taught with their penkniues Scotus slaine of his scholers King Alfred had by his wife two sonnes Edward and Ethelward and thrée daughters Elflena Ethelgora Ethelginda which all he caused to be instructed in learning Edward succéeded in the kingdome Ethelward died before
at Rochester to Durelind The Sea of Durham began or Durelin whereupon the Bishoppes Sea of Duresine first began This king was greatly vexed with the Danes and was faine to redéeme peace with great summes of money yerelie which was called Dane-gelt Danegelt from x. thousand to xl thousand a yere An. 1000. In the xxi of his reigne he married with Emma daughter to Richard D. of Normandie which caused the king to haue great confidence in himselfe and by presumption thereof sent secrete and straight Commissions to the Rulers of euerie towne in the lande that vpon Saint Brices day at a certaine houre appointed the Danes should be sodenly slaine Danes slaine which was in like manner performed But the Danes and their king hearing thereof entered againe and made great waste In so much that the king was fayne to take peace with them and gaue to King Swanus thirtie thousand poundes whereupon he returned But the peace lasted not long for the next yeare one named Turkillus Turkillus a Dane Great vexation of the Danes a Prince of the Danes inuaded againe and was fayne to be pleased with giftes So the inuasion of the Danes and the molesting of Englishmen by them neuer ceased wherewith the Countrey was brought to great miserie After this Swanus the king of Danes who had made a couenant of peace before with the K. brake it and hearing of the increase of his people in the land came and landed in Northumberlande and there proclaymed himselfe king of the Land After much destruction in other places at length he came to Canterburie which he besieged and was resisted twenty dayes but at last by treason of a Deacon Treason of a Deacon called Almaricus whom the Bishop had preserued from death before wan it and tooke the goods of the people and set the towne on fire and tithed the Monkes of Saint Augustines abbey Monkes tithed by the Danes killing nine by cruell torment and kéeping the tenth aliue for slaues So they slue there of religious men to the number of nine hundred of other men women and children they slue aboue eight thousand And finally when they had kept the Bishop Elphegus in straight pryson the space of eight moneths because he would not agrée to giue them thrée thousand poundes after many villanies doone vnto him at Gréenewich they stoned him to death Elphegus stoned by the Danes The K. Egelred in the meane time fearing the end of this persecution sent his wife Emma with his two sonnes Alphred and Edward to the Duke of Normandie with whom also he sent the bishop of London whether also himselfe went after he had spent a great parte of the Winter in the I le of Wight whether hée was chased of the Danes The king chased of the Danes Whereof Swanus hearing and inflamed with pride reared great exactions vppon the people and among other hée required a great summe of monie of Saint Edmunds landes which the people there clayming to bee frée from kings tributes denied to pay For this Swanus entred the territory of S. Edmund wasted the country and despised the holy martyr menacing also the place of his sepulcher wherefore the men of the country fell to fasting prayer Fasting and prayer Shortly after Swanus died suddainly crying and yelling among his knights In feare whereof Canutus his sonne that ruled after him graunted them the fréedome of al their libertie and moreouer ditched their land with a déepe ditch and granted to the inhabitants thereof great fréedome quitting them from all tributes and after builded a Church ouer the place of his Sepulture ordained there an house of monks and endewed them with rich possessions And after that time it was vsed that kings of Englād when they were crowned sent their crownes for an offering to S. Edmunds shrine The crowne of England offered to S. Edmunds shrine and redéemed the same afterward with a condigne price King Egelred hearing of the death of Swanus made prouision and returned into England for whose suddaine comming Canutus being vnprouided fled to Sandwich and there cutting of the noses and the handes of the pledges which his father left with him sailed into Denmarke and the next yeare returned againe with a great nauie and landed in the South countrie and entered the countrie of West-saxon forcing the people to bée sworne to him and to giue pledges In this season king Egelred beyng at London was taken with sickenesse and there died and was buried in the Northside of Paules Church behind the quire after that he had raigned vnprosperously six thirtie yéeres leauing behind him his eldest sonne Edmund Ironside and Alphred and Edward which were in Normandy This king with his councell gaue foorth wholesome lawes and precepts for iudges and it is recorded that he deposed or depriued from all possessions a certaine iudge or iustice named Walgeatus A false iudge deposed whom the king loued Edmund slain the sonne of one Leonet for false iudgement and other prowde doings whom notwithstanding he loued aboue all other After the death of Egelred variance fell betwixt the Englishmen for the election of the king the one part standing for Edwin the eldest sonne of Egelred the other for Canutus the sonne of Swanus the Dane By means wherof there were diuerse battels fought betwéene them and in the end the Princes thēselues tried the matter hand to hand and when they had assaied each other a while by the motion of Canutus hastely they were agréed and kissed each other to the comfort of both hostes and shortly after agreed vpon partition of the land and loued as brethren Soone after a sonne of wicked Edericus by the means of his father espying Edmund at the draught thrust him into the fundament with a speare and slue him after that he had raigned two yéeres He left behind him two sons Edmund and Edward whom Edrick the wicked Duke after the death of their father tooke from their mother not knowing yet of the death of her husband and presented them to King Canutus and saluted him haile king alone Canutus being King alone sent the sonnes of Edmund to his brother Swanus king of Sweueland to be slaine who abhorring that déede sent them to Salomon king of Hungary where Edmund being married to the K. daughter died Edward was married to Agatha daughter of his brother Henrie the 4. Emperor Canutus being established King A promise well performed hauing promised the false Duke to make him higher then all the Lordes of the land caused his head to be stricken of and to be set vppon London bridge and his body to be cast into the town ditch other say he caused him to be bound and throwen into the Thames The reward of Traitors Likewise Canutus did disdaine all those whom he knewe to haue dealt falsely against Edmund and his heires In the meane time Swanus king of Denmarke brother to
Canutus died wherefore that land fell to Canutus who anon after sailed thither and tooke the possession and returned into England married Emma late wife of Egelred and by her had a sonne called Herdeknight or Hardiknoutus He assembled a parlement at Oxford wherin was agréed that English men and Danes should hold the lawes made by king Edgar King Edgars lawes as most good reasonable Thus the Danes being in England beganne by little and litle to bée christened and Canutus went to Rome and so returning againe to England gouerned the land 20. yéers leauing behind him two sonnes Harold Hardiknoutus which Hardiknoutus was made K of Denmarke in his fathers time Harold for his swiftnes called Harefoot son to Canutus by Eligna his first wife began his raign ouer Englād an 1039 He banished his stepmother Emma took her goods iewels from her He raigned but 4. yéeres the kingdome fell to Hardeknoutus king of Denmarke his brother who when he had raigned 2. yéeres Hardeknoutus dieth being merry at Lambith sodainly was stricken dumme and fel down to the ground and within 8. daies after died without issue of his body and was the last that raigned of the blood of the Danes The last K. of the Danes For the Earles and Barons agréed that none of that blood should after bée king for the despite and hurt the Danes had done to the English nation and sent into Normandy for the 2. brethren Alfred Edward sonnes of king Egelred entending to make Alfred king of England but Earle Godwin a Westsaxon who had married the daughter of Hardeknoutus thought to slay the two brethren comming into England to make Harold his sonne king which sonne he had by the daughter of Hardeknoutus the Dane King The messengers that went for the brethren founde but Alfred the elder for Edward the younger was gone into Hungary to speake with his cousin the outlaw which was Edward Ironsides sonne So the traitor Godwin met with Alfride the Normans attending vpon him and when they came to Guilde doune he commanded his men to slea all that were of Alfrides company and after that to take Alfred and to leade him to the yle of Ely where they should put out both his eies which they did Alfred cruelly murthered that done they opened his body and tooke out his bowels set a stake into the ground and fastned an end of his bowels thereto and with néedles of yron they pricked his tender body thereby causing him to go about the stake till al his bowels were drawne out After this treason the wicbed Duke fled into Denmark and lost al his lands in England and kept him there 4. yéeres and more The stories record that this Canutus folowing much the superstition of Achelnotus Archb. of Canterbury went on Pilgrimage to Rome and there founded an Hospitall for English Pilgrims hée gaue the Pope pretious giftes and burdened the land with a yéerely tribute called Romeshotte Romeshot He shrined the body of Bernius and gaue greate landes to the Cathedrall Church of Winchester he builded Saints Benets in Northfolke which was before an heremitage Also S. Edmundsburie S. Edmundsburie turned from priestes to monkes which king Ethelstane ordeined before for a colledge of priests he turned to an abbey of Monkes of S. Benets order This king Canutus beyng prouoked to go to Winchester by Egelnothus Archbishop of Canterburie resigned his regall crowne to the rood A Rood crowned king of England and made the roode king ouer the land He ordained lawes of his owne touching matters ecclesiasticall although at the beginning hée vsed Edgars lawes as touching paying for opening the earth at funerals he forbad also all faires and markets vpon Sundayes and all secular actions but vpon vrgent necessitie A good law against adultery He ordained to receaue the communion thrise a yéere That married woman that had committed adultery should haue her eares and nose cut off Also that no widow should marrie within xij moneths after the death of her husband else to lose her ioynture c. Thus ended the Danish kings which Danes had vexed and wasted the land the time of 255. yéeres The land vexed by the Danes 255. yeeres Next vnto Canutus the second or Hardiknoute succéeded Edward the younger sonne of Egelred and Emma who was long banished in Normandy He came ouer with a few Normans and was crowned at Winchester anno 943. by Edesius thē Archbishop of Canterburie and not long after he married Goditha or Editha daughter of Earle Godwin with whom he neither dealt fleshly nor yet put her from his bed He gouerned the land with great wisdome peace xxiiij yeres In the time of this K. came William Duke of Normandie with a goodly companie to sée K. Edward to whom it is said Edw. promised if he died without issue to leaue the Crowne In this K. reigne liued Marianus Scotus M. Scotus the storie wryter About the 13. yéere of this kings raigne he sent Aldred bishop of Worceter to the Emperour Henricus the fourth praying him that he would send to the king of Hungarie that his coosin Edward sonne of Edmund Ironside might come into England for so much as he entended to make him king after him who was called Edward outlaw This was fulfilled and he came into England with his wife Agatha and with his children Edgar Adeling Margaret and Christina but the yéere after his returne he died at London was buried at Westminster or as Iornalensis saith at Paules church in London After whose decease the king receiued Edgar Adeling his sonne as his owne child thinking to make him his heire but fearing the mutabilitie of the Englishmen and the pride and malice of Harold the sonne of Godwin directed Embassadours to William Duke of Normandy William Duke of Normandy appointed heire of the crowne his kinseman assigning him to bée lawfull heire after him After the death of Godwin his son Harold grew in great fauour with the king He sayled into Flaunders and in the course of his sayling he was driuen by force of weather into the prouince of Pomilitie where he was taken prisoner and sent to William Duke of Normandie to whom he was made to sweare that he in time following should marry his daughter and that after the death of King Edward Harold sweareth to Duke William he should kéepe the land of England to his behoofe according to the minde and will of Edward after some Writers and so to liue in honor next to him in the Realme Thus he returned home and shewed to the king what he had done Wherewith he was very wel contented Leofricuss Earle of Chester and of Mercia who was also very faithfull to king Edward with his wife Godina builded the Abbey of Couentrée The Abbey of Couentrie and endued the same with great lands and riches King Edward after hee had reigned thrée and twentie yeares and seuen
of our Lady Item all such of the clergie as had wiues should be depriued of orders Item Lawfull for subiects to breake their oth of allegiance that it might be lawfull for al subiects to breake their oth of allegiance with such as the pope had excōmunicated c. The K. after he had deteined the archbishoprike of Canterbury in his owne hands thrée yéeres gaue it to Anselmus abbot of Beck in Normandy which he was so vnwilling to take that the King had much adoo to thrust it vpon him The citie of Canterbury giuen to the Archbishop and was so desirous he should haue it that he gaue vnto him wholly the citie of Canterburie about the yéere 1093. But afterward there fell such dissention betwixt them that the king sought all meanes to put him out againe for that he required of Anselmus in gentle manner that such landes of the Church of Canterburie as the king had giuen to his friendes since the death of Lanfranke might so remaine whereto Anselme refusing to agrée Anselme the Archb. against the king moued the King with displeasure against him and therevpon he did a great while stop his consecration By reason of the contention at Rome betwixt the two Popes Vrbanus and Clemens 3. there grew diuision some holding with one some with the other England tooke part with Clemens 3. but Anselme against the K. the rest stuck to Vrbanus Vrbane and Clemēt popes at strife and required of the king leaue to fetch his pall of Vrbanus which when he could not at the first obtaine he appealeth to the pope contrary as the K. said to his fealty Betwixt thē there was much reasoning debate about the matter but in conclusion none of his fellow Bishops durst take his part but were all against him especially William B. of Duresme In the meane season the king had sent two messengers to Vrbane for the pall to bestow where he would who returned and brought with them Gualtar B. of Albane the Popes Legate with the pall to be giuen to Anselme Which Legate so perswaded the king that Vrbane was receiued Pope through the whole land and after the king had receiued the pall there went vnto Anselme certaine declaring the paines and charges the king was at in procuring the pall The king faine to relent to the Archbishop willed him somewhat to relent vnto him which he notwithstanding in no case would yéeld vnto so the king was compelled to yeeld vnto him the full right of the sea But afterward grewe great displeasure betwixt them so so that Anselme went to appeale to Rome where he remained in exile notwithstanding Vrbane wrote in his behalfe to the King that set light by the Popes letters and suite therein A Councell Wherevpon the pope promised at the next Councell at Baron to take order for the matter where Anselme beyng present was called for and first sitting in an vtterside of the Bishops afterward was placed at the right foote of the Pope with these wordes Includamus hunc in orbe nostro The Archb. of Canterburie called the pope of England tanquam alterius orbis Papam Whervpon that same seat was appointed afterward to the sea of Canterburie in euery generall Councell In this Councell great stur was against the Grecians about the procéeding of the holy ghost Which gréeke church differed from the Latine in 20. or 29. articles First 29. articles of controuersy betwixt the church of Rome and the Greeke Church The Latines holdē for excōmunicates that they are not vnder the sea of Rome 2. That the sea of Rome hath not greater power then the 4. patriarkes and whatsoeuer the pope doth beside their knowledge or without their approbation is of no value 3. That whatsoeuer hath béen cōcluded since in the second general councel is of no authority sufficient because from that time they recount the Latines to be excluded out of the Church 4. They deny the reall presence consecrate in leuened bread 5. Also at the words of baptism they say Let this creature be baptized in the name of the father sonne holy Ghost c. 6. They deny purgatory account the suffrages of the dead of no value 7 That the soules after death haue neither their perfect paine nor glorie but are reserued in a certaine place till the day of iudgement 8. They condemne the Church of Rome for mixing colde water in their Sacrifice 9. They condemne the Church of Rome saying they admit aswell women as men in baptisme to annoint children on both shoulders 10. Also they call our bread Panagia 11. They blame the Romish church for celebrating masse on any other daies saue sundaies and certaine other feast daies 12. The Gréek hath neither creame nor oile nor sacrament of confirmation 13. Neither do they vse extreme vnction expounding the place of S. Iames of spiritual infirmity 14. They enioyne no satisfaction for penaunce 15. They consecrate for the sicke onely on maundy Thurseday keeping it for the whole yéere after neither doe they fast any Saturday through the yéere but onely on Easter euen 16. They giue onely but fiue orders as Clearkes Subdeacons Deacons Priests and Bishops the Romans giuing nine 17. They make no vow of chastity 18. Euery yéere the Grecians vse vpon certaine daies to excommunicat the Church of Rome The Romans euery yeere solemnly excommunicated of the Greekes and all Latines as heretikes 19 They excommunicat him that striketh a Priest neither doe they liue vnmarried 20. Their Emperour disposeth of ecclesiasticall matters of gouernment according to his owne pleasure 21. They eate flesh egges chéese on Friday 22. They hold against the Latines for celebrating without the consecrated church for fasting on the Sabboth day for permitting menstruous women to enter into the church before their purifying for suffering dogges and other beasts to enter into the church 23. The Grecians vse not to knéele in al their deuotions not to the Eucharist sauing one day in the yéere 24. They permit not the Latines to celebrate vpon their altars which if they doe they by and by wash the altar and when they celebrate they say but one Lyturgy or masse vpon one altar that day 25. They dissent in the maner of the procéeding of the holy Ghost c. Now in the counsel aforesaid among other pointes the procéeding of the holy ghost celebrating with leauened bread was debated concerning the which Anselme did behaue himself greatly to the mind of the pope after lōg reasoning of matters betwixt the churches the pope thundereth out excommunication against the Gréekes The Pope excommunicated the Greekes and their adherents was ready also to procéed to the sentence of excommunication against the king of England for Anselmus sake had not Anselme himselfe knéeling down obtained for him longer time of further trial Whervpon the counsel brake vp the Pope directeth his letters to the K.
this Realme an 1180. Anno 1187. Baldwinus Archbishop of Canterburie began to buyld his new house and church at Lambeth but by letters of Pope Clement the third he was forbidden to procéede any further It is written also that Henrie 2. gaue to the Church of Rome for the death of Becket 40000. markes of siluer and 5000. markes of gold an 1187. In the fiue and thirty yeare of his reigne the king died at the Castle of Whiuen in Normandie at whose death they that were present were so greedie of the spoile that they left the body of the king naked and not so much could be found as a cloth to couer it till a Page comming in and seing the king lie so ignominiously threw his cloke vpon his neither partes Anno 1189. Richard the eldest sonne of Henry the 2. succéeded his Father at which time Pope Clement Pope Clement sat at Rome succéeding Gregory that died a little before for sorrow Iewes destroyed In the time of the Coronation of the king the Iewes were destroied almost all the land ouer The king in part of satisfaction for his trespasse against his father agreed with Phillip the French king to take vpō them the recouery of the holy lande and for the same solde and let out much and gathered diuers waies great treasures for the iourney Besides by the commaundement of Pope Clement the third a tenth was exacted of the whole Realme in such sort as the Christians should make to the King 70000. A Bish Chancellour A Bish chiefe iustice of England pound and the Iewes sixe thousand For the gouernment of his Realme in his absence the King set ouer principall in his absence the Bishop of Ely his Chauncellour and the the Bishop of Durham whom he ordained to be chiefe Iustice of England the one to haue the custody of the Tower with the ouersight of all other partes of the land on this side of Humber The other which was the bishoppe of Durham to haue charge ouer all other his dominions beyond Humber sending moreouer to Pope Clement in the behalfe of William Bishoppe of Ely to bée made the Popes Legate through all England and Scotlande which also was obtained These thinges thus ordered The iourney for the holie land the K. about the time of Easter sayled into France there deferred their iourney til after Midsommer They confirmed their agréemēt of the enterprise by oath the forme of which oath was this That either of thē should mainteine the honor of the other The forme of the oath for the holy land and beare true fidelitie of life members and worldly honor and that neither of them should faile one the other in their affaires c. But these couenants were not performed on the French kings part for at Messana hée suffered the kings part to be abused The French breaketh his oth by the inhabitants of the citie and picked quarrels against the Englishmen and wrought treason against the king by sending letters to the king of Cicill Tancredus by the duke of Burgundy the contents whereof were that the king of Englād was a false traitour and would neuer keepe the peace that was betwixt them and if the said Tancredus would warre against him or secréetly by night would inuade him hée with all his power would assist him and ioine with him to the destruction of him and all his armie which letters Tancredus shewed vnto king Richard at Cathmensium a citie where the king found Tancredus who gaue him very good intertainment thrée daies thrée nights and at his departing gaue him foure great ships and 15. gallies and furthermore he himselfe would néeds accompany him the space of two daies iourney to a place called Tauernium After the king of England had vnderstood so much by Tancredus and had also receiued of him the very letters he would shewe the French king from thenceforth no louing countenance as before King Richard hauing won Cipres departed with the French king toward the siege of Achon the 6. of Iune crossing the seas he met with a great barke fraught with men of warre being Saracens and furnished with wild fire and vnknowen serpents to the defence of Achon whom he vanquished and the 7. of Iune came to Achon which in short space after was rendered vnto the christians the 12. of Iuly and the captaines of the Pagans vpon agréement resorted vnto the tents of the Templars to common with the king touching peace giuing vp of their citie The sum of which peace was this that the kings should haue the citie of Achon fréely fully deliuered vnto them with all that was therein and 500. Captaines of the Christians should bée restored which were in Achon also the holy crosse should be rendered vnto thē 1000. christian captains with 200. horsemen whom soeuer they thēselues would choose out of al them that were in the power of Saladine Moreouer they should giue to the kings 200000. bysants so that they themselues would remaine as pledges in the K. hands for performāce hereof that if within 40. daies these couenaunts were not accomplished Achon wonne by the Christians they would abide the kings mercy touching life and lims These couenaunts beyng agréed vpon the kings sent their souldiers and seruants to the citie to take an 100. of the richest and best in the citie to close them vp in towers vnder strong kéeping The 13. day the two kings deuided the spoile of the citie betwixt them whereat the souldiers grudged and with somewhat adoo were appeased The 20. of Iuly K. Richard desired the French king that they with their armies would bind themselues by oth to remaine there still in the land of Ierusalē 3. yéeres for the recouering of those coūtries but he would sweare he said no such oth about the beginning of August the French K. departed from Achon to Tirus leauing his halfe part of the citie of Achon to Cōradus the Marques After whose departure the Pagans refused to kéepe their couenants made and neither would restore the holy crosse nor the monie nor the captiues sending word that if king Richard did behead the pledges left with him at Achon they would chop of the heads of such christian captiues as they had in their hands Shortly after this the Saladine sending great gifts to king Richard requested the time limited for the beheading of the captiues to bée proroged but the King refused to take his giftes or to graunt his request Wherevpon the Saladine caused all the Christian captiues within his possession forthwith to be beheaded which was the 18. of August And albeit the king vnderstood it yet he would not preuent the time limitted for the execution of his prysoners beyng the twentith day of August vppon which day hée caused them openly in the sight of the Saladines army to bee beheaded to the number of 2500. sauing hée reserued certaine of the principall for purposes especially to make
palace of Canterbury After the death of Langton fell strife betwixt the King and the Monks of Canterburie for the election of their Archbishop the Monkes choose one of their owne societie named Walter Heuesham the King preferred Richard Chauncellour of Lincolne and articulated against the other that hée was the sonne of a Felon conuicted and hanged also that hée had lyen with a Nunne and had children by her c. The matter beyng presented before the Pope and like to go hard on the Kings part the Kings proctors promised and graunted in his name The tenth of al the goods of England and Scotland to be geuen to the Pope to be giuen to the Pope the tenth part of all the goods of the Realme of England and Scotland moueable to sustaine his warres agaynst the Emperour so that hée would encline fauourably to the Kings suit whereat the Pope boyling as saith Parisiensis with vnmeasurable desire of subduing his enemy the Emperour and cherished with so great promises graunted vnto them This was doone An. 1229. These things thus finished at Rome the Pope sendeth his owne chaplain Stephen legate into England to require the tithes of all moueable goods of England Ireland and Wales which were promised vnto him Wherevpon the king called a Councell at Westminster to common of the matter where in fine notwithstāding the dislike of the most part yet for feare of curse and of interdiction the summe was gathered so that the Prelates hauing no other remedy The prelates driuen to sell there chalices and copes were driuen to sell their chalices cruets copes iewels and other Church plate and some to lay to morgage such things as they had some also to borrow vpon vsury to make the mony which was required Moreouer the said Stephen as saith Parisiensis brought with him into England for the same purpose Vsurers brought into England by the Popes Legate bankers and vsurers who lending out their monie vpon great interest did vnreasonably pinch the English people which Merchant vsurers were then called Caursini and such exactions were then vpon the poore Englishmen that not only their present goods were valued and taxed The corne growing against the next haruest tithes to pay the Pope but also the corne yet growing against the next haruest was tithed c. Onely the Earle of Chester named Radulphus stood stoutly against the pope suffering none within his dominion either lay men or clarks to yéeld any tēths to the Popes proctors Parisiensis pag. 74. This yéere 1229. was finished the New church of Couentrie by Alexander bishop of the same citie and partly by the helpe of the king which Church Richard his predecessor bishop of Couentry had begon The French men againe about this time assayled Raymundus Earle of Tholouse The Earle of Tholouse assailed againe but preuailed not the Earle hauing in the conflict taken 500. and many slaine of their seruitours to the number of two thousand were taken with their armour Yet thrise the same Summer did they assault the godly Earle and were put to flight and discomfited Parisiensis pag. 96. Richard Archb. of Canterbury beyng now confirmed in his seat came to the king complaining of Hubert lord chiefe Iustice for withholding the Castle and towne of Tumbridge from him with the appertenance thereto belōging other lands of the Earle of Clare lately deceassed which lands pertained to the right of that sea and to the Church of Canterbury for the which the said Earle his auncestors were bound to doe homage to him and his predecessors and therefore required the kéeping of the foresaid castle with the demeanes to be restored vnto him The king misliking the demand answered not to the appetite of the Archb. wherby he was so moued that he brast forth into excommunication of al such as held those possessions or tooke their part the K. onely excepted which done he prosecuteth his matter before the Pope The K. hearing thereof sendeth vp M. Roger Contelu with certain other against the Archb. The Archb. among other the articles complaineth to the Pope of certaine Bishops his suffragans who neglecting their pastoral functiō did sitte on checker matters belonging to the king and exercised sessions and iudgements of blood Bishops set on checker matters exercised sessions and iudgements The pope neglecteth the K. and satisfieth the Archb. he complained also of beneficed parsons and Clearks within orders for hauing many benefices ioyned with the cure of soules and that they also taking example of Bishops did intermeddle in secular matters and in iudgements of Lay men The Pope neglecteth the kings allegations fauoureth altogether the Archbishop and sent him away satisfied in his requests who in his returning homward within 3. daies of his setting forth died in the house of the gray Friers at Saint Gemmes Parisiensis After the death of Richard the monkes did choose Randulph Neuell Randulph Neuell Bishop of Chester and the Kings Chauncellour a man faithful vpright and constant The King approued of the election and onely the Popes confirmation was wanting Wherevpon the monks addressed thē to Rome to haue the popes liking and first requiring help for the expences of the iourney of the new Archbish hee denied the same he should séeme in any sort ambitiously to séeke after it A good bishop and holding vp his handes to heauen thus prayed O Lorde God if I shall be thought woorthy to bée called although indéed vnworthy to the seat and office of this Church so be it as thou hast disposed But if otherwise in this troublesom office of Chauncery and this my inferiour ministery whervnto I haue béene assigned I shall séeme more necessary for this thy kingdom people I refuse not my labour thy will be done The monkes notwithstanding procéeded on their iourney shewed the matter to the pope the popes holinesse inquired of the qualities of the man of Simon Langthon brother of Stephen Langthon Archbish before mentioned who did so depraue Radulph Neuell to the Pope that hée charged the monkes to procéed to a new election who agréed vpon Iohn their prior to be Metropolitane but he no other fault being found notwithstanding he had bin examined in 3. daies together of the Cardinals was repulsed for that he was too aged though he were able to take a iourney to Rome and home againe Anno 1231. the exactions of the pope were so grieuous in the land that it was deuised of some of the nobles that certaine letters vnder the pretensed colour of the kings authority should be sent abroad commanding that such corne and graine other reuenewes as were taken vp for the Pope should be staied forth cōming by a certain day in the said letters appointed These letters wer thought to procéed chiefly from Hubert L. chief iustice Hubert Lord chiefe Iustice of England who then next vnder the K ruled the most affaires of the realme This done they sent these letters by
at euening the bel to toll the Auies as it was vsed in the popish time to helpe the souldiers that fought against the Turkes Auies doth helpe thē that fought against the Turkes for which cause he ordained the feast of the transfiguration of the Lord The feast of transfiguratiō solēnising it with like pardons and Indulgences as was Corpus Christi day Also this pope procéeding contrary to the councels of Constance and Basil decréed that no man should appeale from the Pope to any Councell by whom also S. Edmund of Canterbury with diuers others were made Saints S. Edmund of Canterbury made Saint Next vnto Calixtus succéeded Pius Secundus Pius Secūdus Pope otherwise called Aeneas Siluius who wrote the 2. bookes of cōmentaries vpō the councell of Basill This Aeneas at the writing of these his bookes séemed to be a man of indifferent tollerable iudgement and doctrine from the which afterward being Pope he séemed to decline and swarue séeking by all meanes possible to abolish the bookes which before he had written wheras before he preferred generall councels before the P. now being P. he did decrée Pope Pius altered his former iudgemēt that no mā should appeale from the B. of Rome to any councels likewise for priests mariages whereas before he thought it best to haue their wiues restored yet afterward he altered his mind otherwise There was great discord betwixt this P. Dorotheus archb of Mentz vpō the same betwene Frederike the Palatine the duke of Wittenberg with others by occasion wherof Mentz looseth his freedome besides the slaughter of many the citie of Mentz which was before frée lost the fréedome became seruile The causes of the discord betwixt Pius and Dorotheus Discord betwixt P. Pius Dorotheus were these 1. Because that Dorotheus would not consent vnto him in the impositiō of certaine tallages taxes within his countrie 2. For that Dorotheus would not be bound vnto him requiring that the said Dorotheus being prince elector should not call the electors together without his license 3. Because hée would not permit vnto the Popes legates to conuocate his Clergie together after his owne lust This Pius began Anno 1458. After Pius 2. succéeded Paulus Secundus a pope wholy set vpon his belly Paulus Secundus Pope and ambition and a hater of all learned men This Paulus had a daughter begotten in fornication whom because he saw her to be therefore hated began as the stories report to repent him of the lawe of the single life of Priestes The pope for mariages of Priestes Pope Sixtus 4. Stewes at Rome The yeere of Iubile altered once againe and went about to reforme the same Ex Stanisl Rutheo After this Paulus came Sixtus the 4. which builded vp in Rome a stewes for both kinds getting thereby no smal rēts reuenewes This pope among other his acts reduced the yéere of Iubile from the 50. to the 25. He also instituted the feast of the conception and of the presentation of Marie and Anna her mother and Ioseph also he canonized Bonauenture and S. Francis for Saints By this pope also were brought in beades Beades Ladies Psalter and he instituted to make our ladies psalter through the occasion of one Alanus and his order who were wont by putting beades vpon a string to number their praiers This pope made 32. Cardinals in his time of whom Petrus Renerius was the first who A prodigall Cardinall for the time he was Cardinal which was but 2. yéers spēt in luxurious riot 200000 Florens and was left 4000. in debt Weselius Groningensis in a certaine treatise of his de indulgentijs Papalibus writeth of this pope Sixtus that at the request of this Peter Cardinal and of Hierom his brother he graunted vnto the whole family of the Cardinal S. Lucy in the 3. hot moneths Iune Iuly August Liberty for Sodomitry frée liberty to vse Sodomitry with this clause Fiat vt petitur That is Be it as it is asked Next after this Sixtus came Innocentius the eight Innocentius 8. Pope a man verie rude and farre from all learning Amongest the noble actes of this Pope this was one that in the towne of Paulus Equicolus hée caused 8. men and 6. women with the Lord of the place to be apprehended and iudged for heretikes because they said that none of them were the Vicars of Christ which came after Peter but onely they which followed the pouerty of Christ Also he condemned of heresie George the K. of Boheme King of Boheme condemned of the P. and depriued him of his kingdome and procured his whole stocke to be vtterly reiected giuing his kingdom to Matthias king of Pannonia Anno 1461. king Henry the 6. was deposed by Edward the 4. after he had raigned 38. yéeres and an halfe Henry the 6. founded the colledge of Eaton Colledge of Eaton and another house hauing then the title of S. Nicholas in Cambridge and now called the kings Colledge Ex scala mundi This king Henrie reiected the popes buls which graunted to Lewes Archb. of Roane the profites of the Bishopricke of Ely after the death of the Bishop by the name of the administration of the said bishopricke Anno 1461. Henry the 6. being deposed Edward the 4. was crowned king An. 1471. Vpon the assentiō eue K. Henry being prisoner in the tower departed this life was brought by Thames in a bote to the abbey of Chertsey there buried Polydor after he had described the vertues of this king recordeth that king Henry the 7. did afterward translate the corpes of him from Chertsey to Windsore and addeth moreouer that by him certaine miracles were wrought Henry the 6. to be canonized a Saint for successiue change for the which cause Henry the 7. laboured with pope Iulius to haue him canonized for a Saint but the death of the king was the let Edward Hall writing of this matter declareth that the cause of the let was the excessiue fées which were so great of canonizing a king aboue any prelat that the king thought best to kéepe his money in his chest About the yéere 1465. There was here in England a Frier Carmelite who preached in Michalemas terme at Paules crosse in London that our Lord Iesus Christ was in pouertie and did begge in the world Which question was so stirred here that it came to the Popes eares Paulus 2. the next yere following who eftsoons sent downe his bul signifying to the Prelates that this heresie that pestiferously doth affirme An heresie to hold the Christ was a begger that Christ did openly begge was condemned of old time by the Bishop of Rome and his Councels and that the same ought to be declared in al places for a dangerous doctrine and worthy to be troden downe vnder all mens féete Anno 1473. in August one Iohn Goose or Husse was
put downe in England In this Parlament also the decrées and prouinciall constitutions were committed to be examined of 32. persons chosen by the king out of the higher and lower house and at their discretions to be abrogated or to stande in strength Also it was decréed that the Cleargie of this Realme submitting themselues to the king should and did promise in verbo Sacerdotij neuer to assemble their Conuocations without the kings writte No Conuocations without the kings writ nor to enact or to execute such constitutions without his Royall assent Moreouer that no person should appeale prouoke or sue to the Court of Rome vnder paine of prouisures prouisure or premunire Item that no Annuales and first fruites of Bishops and Archbishops should be paid to Rome for any Bulles Bréeues Palles c. Item that the king should nominate the person to be elected into any Ecclesiasticall dignitie and so the Prior and Couent Deanrie Chapter of those Cathedrall Churches where the Seate was vacant by the vertue of the kings letters missiues shoulde within 12. dayes choose that person nominated by the king c. Moreouer it was decréed against all intollerable exactions of the Bishop of Rome in pensions Peterpence procurations fruites c. And finally in this Parlament it was consulted concerning the lawfull succession of the Crowne in ratifying it to the heires of the kings body and Q. Anne In which Parlament also the degrées of marriage were plainly set out according to the word of God Not long after the king required an oath of the Spiritualty to be made vnto him abolished that which they were woont to make to the Pope In which only they acknowledged the king to be Supreme head Which oath Sir Thomas Moore misliking was enforced to resigne vp his Chauncellorship The oath of the Cleargie to the Pope abolished Moore resignth the Chauncellourship and to deliuer vp the great Seale of England into the K. hands After whom succéeded Sir Th. Awdley knight who fauourably inclined to the doctrine of the Gospell Not long after the king procéeded to marrie the Ladie Anne Bulleine who was a speciall fauourer of the gospell The K. renoūceth the Pope and so was diuorced both from the Lady Dowager and the Pope together The Princesse Dowager after the diuorce procured from the Pope an interdictment of the king and the whole Realme Anno 1533. 1533. Lady Elizabeth borne Quéene Anne was crowned and not long after her coronation the 7 of September she was brought a bed and deliuered of a faire Ladie named at the Font Elizabeth the Archbishop of Caunterburie being Godfather and the olde Dutches of Norfolke and the olde Marchionesse of Dorcet widowes Godmothers After this the Monkes and Friers and other euill disposed persons feigned that God had reueyled to a Nunne Elizabeth Barton whom they called the holy maid of Kent The holy maid of Kent that if the king procéeded in that diuorce he should not be K. of this Realme one moneth after and in the reputation of God not one day nor houre This dissimulation was found out by the diligence of the Archbishoppe of Caunterburie the Lord Cromwell and Master Hugh Latimer and she condemned and put to death with certaine of her counsell in the moneth of Aprill anno 1533. as Henrie Golde Bacheler of diuinitie Richard Master Parson of Aldington Edwarde Bocking Monke of Caunterburie Iohn Dearing Monke of Caunterburie Hugh Ritch Frier Warden of the Graye friers of Caunterburie Richarde Risbie attaint of treason by acte of Parlament and so put to death Others of the same conspiracie as Fisher bishop of Rochester Thomas Golde Thomas Laurence Edward Thwates Iohn Adeson and Thomas Abell being conuicte and attainted of mesprision were condemned to prison and forfeyted their goods and possessions to the king This yere 1533. one Pauier or Pauie Towneclarke of the Citie of London a notorious enemy of Gods trueth and a verie busie fellow about the burning of Rich. Bayneham hanged himselfe Gods iudgement he saide rather than he woulde sée the scripture in English to be read of the people he would cutte his owne throate but hee made his choise rather of an halter About this time also died Doctor Foxforde Chauncellour to the B. of London a common butcher of Gods saints who was the condemner of all those which were put to death troubled or abiured vnder Stokesley throughout all the Dioces of London He died sitting in his chaire sodainlie his belly being burst his guttes falling out before him About the same time also died Wil. Warham Archbishop of Canterburie whom succeeded Th. Cranmer Tho. Cranmer Archbishop of Canterburie This yere at Dunkirke in Flaunders a writte of Excommunication was set vp against the king for the diuorce which beeing knowen vnto the king hee caused to be discharged a great sort of the princesse Dowagers seruaunts and they that remained still were sworne to serue her as a Princesse onely and not as Quéene and because she refused to be serued of such she remained with a very few liuing after this sort the space of two yéeres An. 1534. Vpon the iij. of February the parliament was assembled againe wherein was made an act of succession whereto euery person should be sworne Preaching against the popes supremacie During this parlament time euery Sunday preached at Paules crosse a bishop which declared the pope not to be head of the Church Iohn Fisher bishop of Rochester sir Thomas Moore and Doctor Nicholas Wilson parson of S. Thomas Apostles in London refused the oath to the Act of succession made then wherfore they were sent to the Tower In the end the Doctor was content to dissemble the matter and so escaped but the other two remained obstinate The third of Nouember this parliament was again assembled in which the Pope and Cardinals with his pardons and indulgences were wholly abolished The Popes pardons wholly abolished to the abolishing whereof and to the ratifying of the kings title of supreme head Stephen Gardiner gaue his othe so did Iohn Stokesley B. of London likewise Edward Lee Archbishop of Yorke Cuthbert B. of Duresme and all the rest of the Bishops in like sort to this title agréed also the sentence of the Vniuersitie of Cambridge Also Ed. Bonner then Archdeacon of Leicester Gardiners booke de obedientia with Bonners notes was of the same iudgemēt and prefixed his preface to Steuen Winchesters booke de obedientia of the same argument To this also agreed the whole Cleargie of the Church of England and subscribed with the handes of the Bishoppes and other learned men to the number of 46. doctors of diuinitie and of both lawes Anno 1535. Fisher the Bishop of Rochester and Sir Thomas Moore were executed for refusing the oath of supremacie which all the other Bishoppes and Cleargie yéelded vnto one was executed the xxij of Iune the other the vj. of Iulie The ruine of Religious houses
bring her Grace flowers who was forbidden any more to do so by the Lord Chamberlaine The next day as she was walking in the garden the childe peeping in at a hole in the doore saide vnto her Mistresse I can bring you no more flowers Whereat shée smyled vnderstanding thereby what they had done The fifth day of May the Constable was discharged of his office in the Tower and one Sir Henrie Benefield Sir Henrie Benefield placed in his roome He brought with him an hundred Souldiers in blewe cotes which did much amaze her so that shee asked whether he were of that conscience or no that if her murdering were secretely cōmitted to his charge he would sée the execution thereof They perswaded her that God would not suffer such wickednesse to procéede saying they knew not what maner of man he was Well quoth shee God grant it be not so for thou O God canst mollifie all tyrānous harts disapoint al such cruell purposes I beséech thée heare me thy creature which am thy seruant at thy commandement trusting by thy grace euer so to remaine On Trinitie Sunday being the 19. of May she was remooued from the Tower the Lord Treasuror beyng then there for the loading of the cartes and discharging the place of the same where sir Henry Benefield being appointed her gailor did receiue her with a company of rakehels to garde her besides the Lord of Darbies band vnto whom at length came the Lord of Tame ioyned in Commission with sir Henry for the safegarding of her person Lady Elizabeth to Woodstocke and they together conueyed her grace to Woodstocke The first day they conducted her to Richmond where she continued al night beyng restrained of her owne men and Benefields souldiers appointed in their roomes on which night she looked for none other but to haue béene murthered Lady Elizabeth in great feare and passed the same night in great feare Afterwards passing ouer the water at Richmond going towards Windsore her grace espied certaine of her poore seruants standing on the other side who were very desirous to sée her whom when shée beheld turning to one of her men standing by shée said yoonder I sée certaine of my men go to them and say these wordes Tanquam ouis Tāquam ouis So passing forward that night she was lodged at Windsore at the deanes house From thence she was garded the next night to Maister Dormers house On the morrow her grace passing from M. Dormer where was for the time of her abode there a straight watch kept shée came to the Lord of Tames house where shée lay all the night beyng very Princely entertayned both of Knights and Ladies Gentlemen Gentlewomen whereat Sir Henry grunted and was offended Wherevnto the L. of Tame answered that he was well aduised of his dooings being ioyned in Commission aswell as he adding with warrantise that her grace should bée merrie in his house The next day as she should take her iourney towardes Woodstocke the Lord of Tame with another Gentleman being at tables playing and dropping vie Crownes the Lady Elizabeth passing by staied and said she would sée the game out which sir Henry would scarse permit After this sir Henry went vp into a chamber where was appointed for her grace a chayre two cushions and a foote carpet very faire and princely wherein presumptuously he sat S. Henry Benefield presumptuous vnciuill and called one Barwicke his man to pull of his bootes When supper was doone hée called my Lord and willed him that all the Gentlemen and Ladies should withdraw themselues euery one to his lodgyng maruelling much that hée would permit such a company considering so great a charge committed to him Sir Henry quoth my Lord content your selfe all shall be voided your men and all Nay my Souldiors quoth Sir Henry shall watch all night The Lord of Thame answered it shall not néede Well said hée néede or néede not they shall so doo The next day she was carried to Woodstocke where she was inclosed as before in the Tower of London At length she had gardens appointed for her walke but alwayes when shée did recreate her selfe therein the doores were fast locked vp in as straight manner as in the Tower being at the least 5. or 6. lockes betwéene her lodging her walkes Sir Henry kéeping the keyes and trusting no man therewith Wherefore she called him her gailer After she had bin at Woodstocke a while she was permitted by the Counsell to write vnto the Q. and so she did sir Henry alwaies at hand to obserue what she wrote neither would he permit her letters to be carried 4. or 5. daies after the writing thereof till at the last he deliuered them to one of her Gentlemen Then about the 8. of Iune came downe D. Owen and Doctor Wendie to minister phisicke to her for that she was sickly Whereof she being amended they returned againe to the Court making there good report to the Q. of her Graces behauiour humblenes towards the Quéenes maiesty which the Q. tooke very thankfully About this time was there a great consulting among the B. gentlemen-touching a marriage for her Grace Which some of the Spaniards wished to be with some straunger that she might go out of the Realme with her portion A Lord being there at the last said that the King shoulde neuer haue any quiet common wealth in England The Spaniards are against the murdering of Lady Elizabeth vnlesse her head were stricken from her shoulders Wherevnto the Spaniards answered God forbid that their king and maister should haue that minde to consent to such a mischiefe Frō that day the Spaniards neuer left their good perswasions to the king that the like honor he should neuer obtaine as he should in deliuering the Lady Elizab. grace out of prison L. Elizabeth deliuered out of prison Wherby at length she was happily released from the same Herevppon shortly after shee was sent for to come to Hampton Court from her comfortlesse captiuitie in Wodstocke where she was at sundry times in great daunger of life first through fire which began to kindle betwéene the boords séelings vnder the Chamber where she lay done of purpose as it was credibly thoght of a knight who was ioyned in commission with Sir Hen. It was thought and also was affirmed of one Paule Peny a kéeper of Woodstocke a notorious ruffian butcherly wretch that he was appointed to kill the Lady Elizabeth who both saw the man oft in her sight and also knew thereof An other time one of the priuie chamber a great man about the Quéen and chiefe dearling of Stephen Gardiner named maister Iames Basset came to Blandebridge a myle from Woodstocke with 20. or 30. priuy coates and sent for Sir Henrie to come and speake with him But so it happened a little before Sir Henrie was sent for by Post to the counsel leauing straight word behind him
Stealing aboue xii d. ead Monkery commeth into Enland eadem Oswaldus a great patron of monkerie eadem Saint Edmonds-bury 109 Dunstane suspendeth the K. for adulterie eadem Priests displaced monks placed 111 New Monks differ from old eadem K. Edgar mainteined learning 112 48. monast foūded by Edg. The K. enioined penance by Dunstan eadem Saboth frō saterday 9. of the clock til munday 113 Strife betweene priestes and Monks ead A monstrous euil pope 114 P. restored by harlots ead P. killed in adulterie ead Pope geueth his election to the Emperor 115 Pope put in prison ead Cruel reuēge of the P. ead Christning of belles ead Pope strangled ead Popes eyes put out he famished in prison 116 The popes dead body drawn through the streetes ead popes eies put out ead Crueltie ead A councel at Rome 117 7 Electors of the empire ead The strange reign of a K. ea Peace bought of the Danes for money ead Sea of Durham began 118 Danegelt ead Danes slaine ead Turkillus a Dane ead Vexation of the Danes ead Treason of a Deacon ead Monks tithed by the Danes 119 Elphegus stoned by the Danes eadem The K. chased by the Danes ead Fasting praier ead The crown of Englande offered to S. Edm. shrine 120 A false Iudge deposed ead Edmund slaine ead Promise wel performed 121 Reward of traytors ead King Edgars lawes ead Hardeknoutus dieth 122 The last K. of the Danes ead Alfred cruelly murdred ead Romescot ead S. Edmonds burie turned frō priests to monkes 123 A Roode crowned king of England ead A good law against adulterie ead The land vexed by the Danes 255. yeres ead M. Scotus ead Duke of Normandy made heire of the Crowne 124 Harold sweareth to duke W. ead Abbey of Couentrie ead King Edward dieth ead K.E. begā the cōmō law 125 The law at this day ead D. Wil. contrary to his oath ouerthroweth lawes ead Conditions of peace offered to Harold ead Saxons rule endeth 126 Archb. of Cant. ead Siluest agreeth with the deuill for the popedome ead The deuil deceiued Sil. ead Ratling of Silu. bones 127 Feast of all Souls ead The popedome sold ead Petra dedit c ead 3 popes at one time ead No P. without the Emp. ead One P. poysoneth 6 ead Hildebrand 128 Councel at Versellis ead Councel at Laterane ead Priests may not marry ead The pope and archbishop fal out at Masse eadem Brazutus the poisoner ead The terrible sentence of excommunication 130 The pope elected onely by the Cardinall eadem Berengarius recanteth ead Transubstantiation hatched eadem Toctius threatneth the P. ea Two popes fight eadem Hildebrand pummeled the pope 131 The pope stinted at twentie pence the day eadem Hildebrand encrocheth the treasure of the church ead William Conqueror 133 Crueltie of the cōqueror ea Englishman a name of reproch eadem England fiue times ouerrun eadem Normans placed eadem Stigandus archbishop deposed eadem Lanfranke Archb. of Canterbury 134 Contentiō for primacie ead Two palles geuē to Lanfrank eadem Yorke subiect to Cāterb ea Bishops seates altered from townes to citties 135 Ecclesiasticall decrees ead Priests against monks ead Lanfranke dieth for sorrow eadem P. Hildebrād a sorcerer ead Hildebrand cōtemneth the Emperour 136 Both the swords eadem Pope cannot erre eadem Presbiteresse eadem Councell against mariage of priests eadem Decree against marriage resisted eadem A schisme eadem Hildebrād a villanous pope eadem None chosen pope vnder 3. daies after his predecessors buriall 137 The pope excommunicateth the Emperour ead The P. practiseth to kill the Emp. at praier eadem Hildebrand asked counsell of the host and casteth it into the fire because it would not answer ead The Emperour goeth barefoote to the Pope ead A popish interpretatiō of simonie 138 A terrible pope eadem The Emper. forced to yeeld to the Pope eadem The Emper. brought vnder the Popes foote eadem The Emperour yeeldeth his crowne to the Pope ead Hard conditions eadem Henricus 4. deposed 140 Petra dedit Petro eadem Rodolph chosen Emp. ead Rodolph woūded to death eadem Crimes against the P. 141 Hildebrand deposed dieth in banishment ead Williā cōqueror dieth ead The Cōqueror giuē to make peace in his land 142 Great slaughter of Englishmen eadem The first B. of Salisbury ead Secundū vsum Sarum ead The vse of Gregory ead The Abbot killeth his mōks eadem A bishop eatē with mise 143 Rats tower eadem William Rufus eadem Lanfranke dieth eadem Nothing of the king but for mony eadem Victor 3. Pope eadem Victor poysoned in his chalice 144 Charterhouse monkes ead Vrbanus pope eadem Two popes at once ead White monkes eadem Viage against the Saracens eadem Peter the heremite 145 Ierusalem wonne from the Saracens eadem Prohibition of goyng to Rome eadem Canonicall houres eadem Lawful for subiects to break their oath of allegeance eadem The citie of Canterbury geuen to the archb ead Anselme the Archbishop against the king eadem Vrbane and Clement popes at strife 146 The king faine to relent to the archbishop eadem A Councell eadem Archb. of Cāterb called the pope of England ead 29. Articles of controuersie betweene the Churche of Rome and the Greeke Church 147 The Latines holden for excommunicates eadem The Romanes euery yeare solemnly excōmunicated of the Greekes eadem The Pope excommunicated the Greekes 148 The pope commandeth the king of England ead The king slaine pag. 149 Kings of Wales cease eadem King Beauclarke eadē King Edwards lawes restored eadem Little saint Bartholomewes founded by means of a minstrell eadem Priests sequestred from their wiues eadem Anselme restored ead Priestes woulde not forsake their wiues 150 Anselm insolent against the king ead For the price of his head eadem A proud pope ead The king reconciled to Anselme 151 Priests pay money to the K. for their wiues ead Anselme yeelded to in all poynts eadem Pope Paschalis 152 The popes ornaments eadē Popes seuen folde power eadem That Antichrist was borne edem Married priests condemned for Nicholaitans ead The Emperour deposed by the pope eadem Let God see and iudge ead The pope setteth the Emperours sonne against his father 153 The Emperour craueth to be a prebend but could not obtaine it ead The Emperour dieth for sorow ead No Emperour to haue to doe with the election of the pope ead The Emperour like to bee slaine at Rome ead The pope faine to agree to the Emperour ead The pope breaketh couenant 154 The Germanes rebell ead The Emperour giueth ouer to the pope ead Bernardine monks ead Gelasius ead Gregory 8. ead Calixtus ead The Emperor faine to yeeld ead A shameful vsage of the pope ead Imber dayes 155 Premonstratensis ead Canterbury fiue yeeres voyd to the Kinges vse eadem Ely made a bishopricke eadem A councel of 434. prelates eadem The pope excommunicateth the Emperour 156 The king of England sueth to the pope eadem Submit to Canterbury eadē
victorie had his image set vp holding in his right hand the signe of the crosse with this inscription with this wholesom sign the true token of fortitude I haue rescued and deliuered our citie from the yoke of the tyraunt After this Constantinus with Lycinius Liberty to the Christians gaue liberty by proclamation to Christians to professe their religion Diocle. dieth Dioclesian being at Salona and hearing of the proceedings of Constantine and this his edict either for sorow died or as some say poysoned himselfe Now remained onely Maximinus in the West who although he raged against the Christians yet was hee appaled at the edict before mentioned and caused Sabinus to publish a certaine releasement to Christians and yet wrote another countermaund howbeit shortly after he making warres and fighting with Lycinius lost the victory Wherevppon he caused his charmers to be killed Maxim glorifieth the God of the Christians that perswaded him to the warres and shortly after being oppressed with a certaine kind of disease glorified the God of the Christians and made a most absolute law for their safety This was Ann. 319. Now yet remained Licinius who was also a persecutor notwithstāding at the first he dissembled the matter and ioyned with Constantine He was a man euerie way vitions he named Learning the poyson of the common Wealth Learning named by Licinius the poyson of the common weale Licinius a great persecutor and counted learning in a prince to be a great vice The knowledge of the lawes he did most abhorre For he himself was vnlearned He became a Persecutor pretending against the Christians that they prayed for Constantinus onely and not for him First he began to persecute in his court then he stretched vnto his prouinces with as great crueltie as any that went before him and hated Constantine who gaue him his sister Constantia to wife Churches raced to the groūd and had bestowed many benefites vpon him About Amasia and other Cities of Pontus he rased the churches euen to the ground Among those that suffered Nicephorus first speaketh of Theodorus Theodorus who being hanged vpon a crosse had nayles thrust into his armepits and after that his head striken of Also of one Theodorus B. of Tyre a man of Pergamus Likewise Basilius Basilius B. of Amasenus Nicholaus Nicholaus B. of Mirocus Gregorius of Armenia the great After that Paul Paul of Neocesarea who by Licinius him selfe had both his hāds cut off with a searing Iron Besides these aforesaid were in the citie of Sebastia xl Christian Souldiers Fourty christian souldiers in the vehement colde time of winter drowned in a horseponde when Lycias as yet Agricolaus executing the sherifes office vnder Licinius were in the east part of great reputation Inuenters of torments for inuenting of new and strange torments against the Christians The wiues of those 40. were caried to Heraclea a citie in Thracia and there with a certaine deacon whose name was Ammones were after innumerable torments slaine with the sword Diuers battels were fought betwéene Licinius Constātinus First in Hungarie Licinius vanquished where Licinius was ouerthrowen Then againe in Macedonia whither he fled and repayred his armie And finally being vanquished both by sea and lande at Nicomedia he yelded himselfe to Constantine and was commanded to liue a priuate life in Thessalia where he was slaine by the souldiers He was killed an 324. Licinius slaine Constantius the father of Constantine being a good and godly Emperor died the iij. yere of the persecution an 310. and was buried at Yorke Constantius dieth is buried at Yorke Alban the first martir in England Now among an infinite number of speciall men of name that suffered were these that follow in this 10 persecution At what time Dioclesian and Maximinian had directed out their Letters for the persecuting of Christians Alban the first that suffered martirdome in England for Christ receiued into his house a persecuted Clarke named Amphibalus Amphibalus by whose continuall praying day and night and godly life he became a Christian It was infourmed the Prince that he lodged the Clarke Whereupon search being made by the Princes commandement Alban by and by putting on the apparell of the Clark his master offered himself in stead of the other to the souldiers who brought him to the Iudge that was euen then sacrificing vnto deuils at the Altar Which Alban refusing to doe at the commandement of the Iudge after he had béene gréeuously scourged was beheaded The Clarke flying into Wales was fet also againe to the same Towne of Verlancaster where he was martired hauing his bellie opened and made to runne about a stake while all his bowels were drawen out then thrust in with swords and daggers and at last stoned to death With Alban suffered Aaron Iulius Aaron and Iulius ij citizens of Verlācaster beside a great nūber mo Albans martirdome might séem to be about the ij or iij. yere of the x. persecutiō vnder the tirāny of Dioclesiā and Maximinianus Herculeus thē bearing rule in England about an 301. before Constantinus came to his gouernmēt England only touched with the tenth persecution It is to be noted that Englād was not touched with any of the ix persecutions but only with this tenth in which almost al christianitie was in the Ilād extinguished Pitiles Galerius with his grand captain Asclepiades inuaded Antioch threatning the christiās whom one Romanus a noble man confirmed encouraged to be constāt Wherfore he suffered many strange torments with great constancy and reasoning with the tirant of the truth required a child to be presented vnto him which was doone of whō he asked whether it were more reasonable to worship one God rather thē innumerable considering God could be but one To whom the child answered before the tyrant according as his Christian parents had instructed him that one god was to be worshipped A child tormented Wherefore the child was grieuously scourged the skin of his head pulled of hayre and all the mother standing by exhorting the child to patience and constancie he was put to death with Romanus the child was beheaded A myracle and Romanus cast into the fire Which whē it would not burne him he was brought from the same and strangled in prison Gordius Gordius was a citizen of Cesaria a Centurion who gaue ouer his charge liued in the desert a long time but vpon a certaine day when a solemne feast of Mars was celebrated with games in the Theator of Cesaria he came thether gat vp to the highest place of the Theator and vttered himselfe a Christian in the hearing of all the people whereupon after he had endured many gréeuous torments the shiriffe assayed by flattery which when it would not preuayle hée caused him to be had out of the Citie to be burned which was accomplished and suffered of
him to be put in an old rotten boate in the broad sea onely with one Esquier with him who being perplexed with the rage of the Sea and wearie of his life threw him selfe into the Sea This act Ethelstane lamented vij yeres and buylded the two Monasteries of Middleton and of Michelendes for his brothers sake or as the Stories say for his soule About this time the Empire began to be translated from Fraunce where it had continued about an hundred yeres into Germanie The Empire translated out of France into Germanie where it hath euer since remayned This king gaue his thirde Sister to Henricus Duke of main for his sonne Otho the first Emperour of the Ger-Almanes This king set foorth diuerse lawes for the gouernment of the clergy he prescribed also constitutions touching tithes geuing And among his lawes to the number of 35. diuerse things are comprehended pertaining as well to the spiritualtie as to the temporaltie Out of the lawes of this king first sprong vp the attachment of théeues that such as stole aboue 12. d. Attaching of theeues Stealing aboue twelue pence and were aboue twelue yéeres old should not be spared He raigned about the space of 16. yéeres and died without issue Anno 940. After him succéeded his brother Edmund sonne of Edward the elder by his third wife being of the age of twentie yéeres About this time Mōkery came into England Monkery commeth into England There was at that time and before a monasterie in France called Floriake after the order of Benedict from the which monastery did spring the greatest part of our English monkes who being there professed and after returning into England did gather men daily to their profession so at length grew in fauour with kings and princes who founded them houses mainteined their rules and enlarged them with possessions Among the Monkes that came from Floriake especially was one Oswaldus first a monke of Floriake then Bishop of Worcester and Yorke a great patrone and setter vp of monkery Oswaldus a monke a great Patrone of monkery This king builded and furnished the abbey of Glastenburie and made Dunstan abbot thereof He was slaine of a felon with a knife He ordeyned lawes also for the Spiritualtie touching tithes against deflouring of Nunnes touching reparation of Churches c. In the time of this Edmund was Odo Archbishoppe of Caunterburie who was the first from the comming of the Saxons till this time that was Archb. being no Monke for all before him were Monkes of whom a great part had béen Italians vnto Berctualdus Notwtstanding after he sayled into France and receiued that order at Flo-riake Vlstan bishop of York at the same time is noted to differ in habite from other Bishops Odo continued Bishop the space of twentie yeres after whom Elsinus was elected and ordeyned by the king to succéede through fauour and money but going to Rome for the Popes pall in his iourney through the Alpes he died for colde after whom succéeded Dunstan This Edmund gaue to saint Edmund the Martir aboue mentioned the towne of Bredrichcepworth now called S. Edmondsburie Saint Edmondsburie with great reuenues and landes belonging to the same He was buried at Glassenburie by Dunstane He left two sonnes behinde him Edwine and Edgar by his wife Elgina But the children beeing vnder age Edred brother to the king was made Protector in the mean time who faithfully behaued him selfe towardes the young children In his time Dunstane was promoted by the meanes of Odo from Abbot of Glassenbure to be Bishop of Worcester and after of London By this Dunstan Edred was much ruled So that he is reported in stories too much to submitte himselfe to fonde penance layde vpon him by Dunstane After his Vncle Edred Edwin the eldest sonne of King Edmund beganne his raigne anno 955. being crowned at Kingston by Odo Archbishop of Canterburie He is reported the first day of his Coronation to haue departed from the company of his Lords into a secret chamber to the disorderly companie of a woman whose husband he had slain Now Dunstan being yet but Abbot of Glassenburie followed the king into the chamber and brought him out by the hand and accused him to Odo the Archb. and caused him to be separated from the said woman and to be suspēded out of the church by the same Odo Whereupon the king being offended with Dunstane D. causeth the king to be suspended for adulterie banished him and forced him for a season to flie into Flaunders where he was in the Monasterie of Saint Amandus About the same season the Monasticall order of S. Benedict or as they call them blacke monkes began to increase in England in so much that other Priestes Chanons were displaced and they set in their roomes But king Edwine for displeasure he bare to Dunstan did vexe al that order of Monkes so that in Malmsburie Glassenburie other places he thrust out the Monkes set Secular priests in their roomes In the end being hated for his euill demeanor hee was deposed from the Crowne The K deposed and his brother Edgar receiued in his roome so that the riuer of Thames deuided both their kingdomes Edwine when he had raigned foure yeres departed leauing no issue of his bodie Wherefore the rule of the land fell vnto Edgar his younger brother in the yere of the Lorde nine hundred fiftie and nine he being about the age of sixtéene yeres but hee was not crowned till fourtéene yeares after In the beginning of his reigne he called home Dunstane whom Edwine before had exiled Then was Dunstane before Abbot of Glassenbury made B. of Worcester and after of London Not long after this Odo the Archbishop of Canterburie deceased after he had gouerned the Church xxxiiij yeres After whom Brithelinus Bishoppe of Winchester was first elected but because he was thought vnsufficient Dunstan was chosen and the other sent home againe to his own Church So Dunstan being made Archbishoppe by the K. went to Rome for his Pall to Pope Iohn the thirtéenth which was about the beginning of the Kinges raigne Dūstan hauing obteined his Pall returned and obteined of the king that Oswaldus who was made a Monke at Floriake was created B. of Worcester and not long after through the meanes of Dunstan Ethelwoldus first Monke of Glassenburie then Abbot of Abbindon was made Bishoppe of Winchester These thrée bishops were great vpholders of Monks by whose councell king Edgar is recorded in histories to haue builded either new out of the groūd or caused to be reedified monasteries decaied by the Danes more then fortie Moreouer thorough the instigation of them the king in diuerse Cathedrall Churches where Prebendaries and Priestes were before displaced them and sette in Monkes and Nunnes Priests displaced and monks placed After that the kings minde was thus perswaded to aduance Monkery Oswaldus bishop of Worcester also made Archbishop of Yorke after the death of
against Harold and another at Barmonseie in the Countrey of Normandy There were slaine on the side of Harold Great slaughter of Englishmen 66634. EnglishmeÌ„ Of the coÌ„querors side 6013. in the battel fought betwixt theÌ„ The first B. of Salisburie The first B. of Salisburie was Hermannê° a Normand who first began the new church minster there After whoÌ„ succéeded Osmundê° who finished the work and replenished the house with great liuing much good singing This Osmundus began the ordinary first which was called secunduÌ„ vsum SaruÌ„ Secundum vsum Sarum an 1076. The occasion whereof was a great coÌ„tention the chanced at Glassenbury betwéene Thurstanus the Abbot his Couent in the daies of W. Conqueror whoÌ„ he had brought with him out of Normandy from the Abbey of Cadonius placed him Abbot of GlasseÌ„b The cause of this contention was for the Thurst the abbot his couent conteÌ„ning their quire seruice then called the vse of S. Gregorie coÌ„pelled his monks to the vse of one W. a monk of FiscaÌ„ in NormaÌ„dy The vse of Gregorie The Ab killeth his monkes so it grew from worde to blowes from blowes to armour so that the abbot slew ij monks at the steppes of the altar c. This matter being brought before the K. the Abbot was sent again to Cadonius the monks by coÌ„mandement of the K. scattered in farre countreis Thus by occasion hereof Osmund B. of Salis deuised the ordinarie that was called the vse of SaruÌ„ and afterward was receiued in a maner throughout England Ireland and Wales W. left after his death by his wife Mawd 3. sonnes Robert Courtesey to whom he gaue the duchie of Normandie William Rufus his 2. son to whom he gaue the kingdome of England Henry the 3. sonne to whom he gaue his treasure About this time there was a certain B. dwelling betwixt Collen MeÌ„tz who hauing store in time of famine would not reléeue the poore was eateÌ„ with mise A bishop eaten with mise Rats tower though he builded in the mids of Rhine a tower to kéepe himselfe in against theÌ„ It is called at this day of the duchmen Rats tower An. 1088. W. Rufus the second sonne began his raigne raigned 13. yéeres being crowned at Westm by LanfraÌ„cus Robert Courtsey hearing how Rufus had taken vppon him the kingdome WilliaÌ„ Rufus made preparation of warre against his brother but was by him appeased without fight This variance betwixt the two brethren caused dissention among the NormaÌ„ B. Lords both in England Normandy so that almost al the NormaÌ„ B. rebelled against their K. except Lanfrancus and Wolstan B. of Worcester an English man In the 3. yere of Rufus died Lancfrancus Lancfranke dieth the Archb. after whose decease the Sea stood empty 4. yéeres Remigius bishop of Dorceter remoued his sea from theÌ„ce to Lincolne and builded the minster there By him also was founded the monastery of Staue Herbert Losinga at this time remoouing his sea from Thetford to Norwich there erected the cathedral church with the Cloister where he furnished the Monkes with sufficieÌ„t rents and liuings of his owne charge besides his Bishops laÌ„ds Nothing from the king but for money He bought his bishoprick of the K. for monie as nothing came from him but for money whereupon repenting him of simonie he went to Rome and resigned it to the Popes handes of whom he receiued it presently again This Herbert was the sonne of an Abbot called Robert After Pope Hildebrand succéeded Victor 3. set vp by Matilda and the Duke of Normandie Victor 3. pope With the faction of Hild. This Victor also shewed himself stout against the emperor and so all his Successors according to the example of Hildebrand Victor poisoned in his chalice he sat but one yéere and an halfe as they say being poisoned in his chalice In the time of Victor began the order of the Monkes of the Charterhouse by meanes of one Hugo B. of Grationople Charterhouse monkes and of Bruno bishop of Collen Next to Victor sat Vrbanus 2. Vrbanus pope by whom the acts of Hildebrand were confirmed and new decrées enacted against In Henricus the Emperour this time were two Popes at Rome Two popes at once Vrbanus and Clemens the third whom the Emperour set vp Vnder Pope Vrbane came in the white monkes of Cistercian order White moÌ„ks by one Stephen Harding a monke of Schirborne an Englishman by whom this order had beginning in the wildernes of Cistery within the Prouince of Burgonie ann 1098. It was brought into England by one called Especke that builded an Abbey of the same order cal Merinale In this order the Monkes did liue by the labour of their hands they paid no tithes nor offerings they ware no furr nor liuing they ware red shoes their cowles white and coate blacke all shorne saue a litle circle they eate no flesh but onely in their iourney This Vrbanus had diuers councels one at Rome where he excommunicated al such lay persons as gaue inuesture of any ecclesiastical benefice al such of the cleargy as abiected themselues to be vnderlings to Lay persons for benefices Another Councell he helde at Claremount in Fraunce In which was agréed the voyage against the Saracens for recouerie of the holy Lande where thirtie thousande men being perswaded by the Popes Oration and taking vpon them the signe of the Crosse for their cognisance made preparation for the voyage whose Captaines were Godwine Duke of Lorraine with his two Brethren Eustace and Baldwine Voyage against the Saracens the Bishop of Padue Bohemund the D. of Puell and his neuew Tancredus Raymund Earle of Saint Egidius Robert Earle of Flaunders and Hugh Le grand brother to Philip the French king To whom also was ioined Robert Corthoise duke of Normandie and diuerse mo with one Peter an Heremite Peter the Heremite who complaining of the misery that the Christians sustayned there was the chiefe cause of that voyage an 1096. Which coÌ„pany was trapped and slain in great number among the Bulgars néere to the towne called Ciuitus the rest passed on IerusaleÌ„ won from the Saracens and besieged Ierusalem and wan it of the Infidels in the 39. day of the siege and Godfry captaine of the Christian army was proclaimed first king of Ierusalem About this time the K. of England fauoured not much the church of Rome Prohibition of going to Rome because of their insatiable impudent exactioÌ„s nether wold he suffer any of his subiects to go to Rome By this Vrbanus the 7. Canonicall houres Canonicall howers were first instituted in the church Item that no B. should be made but vnder the title of some speciall place Item that Mattins and houres of the day should euery day be said also euery Saturday to be said the Masse of our Lady all the Iewes sabboth to be turned into the seruice
the couent of the couēt so much as apperteineth to one monke the portion of the goods being portionably deuided of the Abbot likewise as much This request was denied so that not long after the said Otho came again Cum autentico plenariae potestatis and assembled a Councell againe at London for the former purpose so that diuerse for feare many to obtaine further dignities bestowed diuers pretious rewards on him in palfreis in rich plate and iewels in costly and sumptuous garmēts richly furred in come in vittels c. Gifts to the popes Legate In so much that onely the B. of Winchester hearing that he would winter at London sent him fiftie fat oxen and a 100. coome of pure wheat and eight tunnes of chosen wine towards his house kéeping and other likewise according to their abilitie Now the time of the Councell drawing néere and the Bishops assembled Contentiō betwixt Canterbury Yorke for dignitie there fell great variance and discord betwixt the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yorke for sitting at the right hand and the left hand of the cardinall The Cardinall to pacifie thē brought foorth a certaine Bull of the Pope in the middest whereof was pictured the figure of the Crosse with the Image of Paule on the right side and Peter on the left and vpon that shewed no derogation to arise for the place or seats Whervpon from that time foorth Canterbury enioyed the right hand and Yorke the left This strife thus ended The strife ended the Cardinall preacheth vnto them and maketh such vnreasonable demaundes for the filling of his bagges that the king dreading the displeasure of his commons for the dooings of the Legate willed him to repayre home againe to Rome yet could hée not be so rid of him but that hée gleaned foure markes of euery procuration besides the rable of Friers sturred men to go to warre agaynst the Turkes whom when they had once bound with a vowe and signed them with the Crosse then send they Bulles to release them for mony Besides the Pope shamed not to aske the fifth part of euery ecclesiasticall mans liuing and also pope Gregory agréed with the citizens of Rome that if they would ioyne with him in vāquishing Fredericke the Emperor he would graunt vnto them that all the benefices of England that were and should be vacant namely pertaining to religious houses should be bestowed at their owne will commandement to their children kinsfolke whervpon within a few daies after the pope sendeth commandement to the archb of Cāterbury and foure other bishops that prouision should be made for 300. Romans in the chiefest and best benefices in all England 300. Romanes to be placed in benefices of England at the next voidance so that the archb and those bishops should be suspēded from all gifts of benefices vntill the 300. were prouided for Wherevpon the archb seing the vnreasonable oppression of the land went into Fraunce and left the realme and the rest of the Prelates comming themselues to the king desired a councell that talke might be had in the matter which being graunted they made certaine exceptions to the Popes request The Pope desireth to be strong to suppresse the Emperour Fredericke not daring directly to denie the contribution Now the occasion both of this collection of the mony and this fauour of the Romans was to the end the Pope might be sufficiently strong to suppresse the Emperour Fredericke Not long after this followed at Lions a generall Councell A Councell at Lions called by Innocent the 4. In which Councell the English nation did exhibite certaine Articles of their griefes touching the Popes great exactions and placing Italians in their benefices but their suite preuayled not for the Pope not long after that New exactiōs in England sent for new exactions to be gathered which when the King heard of hée commaunded the Bishops not to yéeld to any such matter till the returne of his Ambassadours which hée sent to the Pope touching that matter About the latter end of December the Embassadours returne and signifie the Popes high displeasure against the King whereat hée being greatly mooued caused to be proclaimed through al his realme that none héereafter should consent to any taxe of money frō the court of Rome No taxe of money out of England to Rome which comming to the popes eare he directeth his letters to the prelats of England vpon payn of his curse suspence that they should make collection of the summe of money against the feast of the assumptiō the charge of the curse being committed to the B. of Worcester to execute The K. relenteth to the pope The 3. part of churchgoods the yeerly fruit of vacant benefices to the pope This so terrified the king that what with the perswasion of the bishops other prelats he relented which made the Pope at length so past shame that he he demaunded vpon the censure of his curse the third part of the churchgoods and the yéerely fruits of al vacant benefices So that such hath béene the insatiable desire of the Romanists that in the dayes of Sudburie Archbishop of Canterbury Anno 1360. the pope by his proctors gate from the Cleargy in lesse then one yéere more thē 60000. Florins of méere contributions 60000. florins in one yeere to Rome besides c. besides his other auailes and common reuenues out of benefices prebendaries first fruits tributes peterpence collations reseruations relaxations and such merchandise About this time ann 1220. The Albingenses assailed by the pope the pope stirred vp Lodouike the yong French king through the instance of Philip his father to lay siege against the Albingenses of the city of Tholouse vtterly to extinguish them but God preserued thē and cast such a pestilence among the Frenchmen beside famine want that they were constrained to depart Simon de monte forti general of the army to whom the land of the Earle of Tholouse was giuen by the pope was slaine with a stone before the gate of the citie Ann. 1221. first entred the Frier minorites or gray Friers into the land and had their first house at Canterbury Frier minorits in England had their first patrone Franciscus which died ann 1227. and his order was cōfirmed by P. Honorius 3. an 1224. About their comming in many english men came into their order Iohannes de sancto Egidio Alexander de Hales amōg whō was Iohan. de sācto Egidio a famous phisitiō astronomer Alexander de Hales Not long after by Williā de longa Spata which was the bastard sonne of king Henry 2. and Earle of Salisbury the house of Carthusian Carthusians mōks was first founded at Heitrop anno 1222. whose wife Ela after his death founded the house of Nunnes at Lacocks there continued her selfe Abbesse of the place Not long after began the new building of the minster of Salisbury
Moreouer that the Gospell of Christ should be preached no more but fiftie yeares and then this euerlasting Gospell should rule the Church c. Item that whatsoeuer was in the whole Bible A blasphemous gospel of the Friers was in the same Gospell conteyned At the length this Friers gospell was accused to the Pope and so sixe persons chosen of the whole Vniuersitie to peruse and iudge of this booke as Christianus Canonicus Beluacensis Ododoaco Nicholaus de Baro Iohannes de sicca vella Anglus Iohannes Belim Gallus Among whom this Guilielmus also was one who mightely impugned this pestiferous deuillish booke These sixe after the perusing of this booke were sent to Rome The friers also sent their messengers withal where they were refuted and the errors of the booke condemned but so that the pope with the Cardinals commanded the said booke to be abolished and condemned not publikely tendering the estimatioÌ„ of the religious orders but the they should be burned secretly and the bookes of the foresaid Guilielmê° to be burned withall Among other besides of the age-which withstood the B. of Rome and his antichristian errors was one Laurence Laurence an Englishman and master of Paris another was Petrus Ioannes P. Iohannes P antichrist Rome Babylon Dead bones burned a Minorite Laurence was about the yere 1290. who proued the Pope to be Antichrist the Sinagogue of Rome great Babylon The Pope after his death caused his bones to be taken vp and burned To these is to be added Robertus Gallus an 1290. who being born of right noble Parentage for deuotion sake was made a dominike Frier R. Gallus He had diuers visions against the Pope Visions against the pope and Sea of Rome Hee called the Pope an Idoll He forewarned as is in a certaine Chronicle declared how God would punish the simonie and auarice of the Cleargie with such a plague that riuers should run with bloud It is saide there is remayning a great volume of his visions To these fathers is to be ioyned Rob. Grosted B. of Lincolne R. Grosted B. of Lincolne a man famouslie learned in the iij. tongues in philosophie He wrote diuers bookes and one speciall Sermon he exhibited in foure sundrie scrowles to the Pope and other foure Cardinals beginning Dominus noster Iesus Christê° c. He wrote diuers Inuectiues against the Pope Inuectiues against the Pope The Pope amongst his other intollerable exactions had a certain neuew so the popes are wont to cal their sonnes named Frederike being yet vnder age whome Innocent would néedes preferre to be a Chanon or Prebende in the Church of Lincolne and directed downe his letters to certaine his factors here in England for execution of the same Wherewith Grosted was greatly offended and maketh a quick and sharpe answere to the Pope whereat he fretting and fuming answered with a proud looke and fierce mind what old doting franticke wretch is this so boldly and rashly to iudge of my doings By swéete S. Peter and S. Paule were it not but vpon our owne clemencie and good nature we are constrained we would hurle him downe to such confusion that we would make him a fable a gasing stocke an example and wonderment to all the world K. of England the popes manciple vassall page for is not the king of England our vassall and to say more our manciple and page which may at our pleasure and becke imprison him and put him to vtter shame This when the Pope had in rage vttered scarse were his Cardinals able to appease him with gentle and milde wordes declaring vnto him the inconuenience if he should so procéede besides giuing great commeÌ„dation of Grosteds learning and godlinesse These wordes spake Lord Giles a Spanish Cardinall to the pope and this Councell gaue the rest vnto him that hée should winke at these things Manifest and knowne that once should come a defection from Rome least some tumult might arise thereof especially seing this is manifest and knowne to all men that once must come a defection and parting from the church of Rome Not long after this Robert Grosted died at Budgen In time of his sicknesse he called vnto him a Preaching frier one Iohn Giles and did greatly complaine of the disorders of the Friers and of the Romane clergie prouing the Pope to be an Hereticke The pope an hereticke declaring and reprouing manifold abuses of the church of Rome and said that this old verse may truly be verified vpon it Eius auaritiae totus vix sufficit orbis Eius luxuriae meretrix non sufficit vna Romane vertues that is The whole world doth scarse satisfie his couetousnesse neither doth one harlot suffise for his leacherie and in the end prophesied R. Grosted prophesieth against Rome and dieth Neither saith hée shall the Church be deliuered from the seruitude of Egypt but by violence and force and by the blouddy sword So scarse able to vtter his words with sighing sobbing wéeping his tongue breath failed and so finished his daies He departed An. 1253. Of his decease thus writeth Math. Paris pag. 278. Out of the prison and banishment of this world which he neuer loued was taken the holy bishop of Lincolne Robert at his Mannor of Buckdune on the éeuen of S. Dionise The vertues of R. Grosted who was an open reproouer of the pope and of the king a rebuker of the Prelates instructer of the clarks fauourer of scholers preacher to the people persecutor to the incontinent a diligent searcher of the Scriptures a maule to the Romans A maule of the Romans and a contemner to their dooings c. This Robert Grosted caused to be viewed and considered diligently of his clerkes what the reuenew of forrenners and straungers set in by the pope came to by the yéere and it was found Pope InnoceÌ„t the 4. a great impouerisher of christendome and euidently tried that pope Innocent the fourth did impouerish the vniuersall Church of Christendome more then all his predecessors from the time the pope first began so that the reuenewes of forreners clerks placed by him here in England 70000. markes reuenewes of forreners placed in the land by the Pope mounted to the summe of 70. thousand markes and aboue whereas the méere reuenewes of the crowne came not to 30. thousand Mathias Parisiensis reporteth that pope Innocentius an 1254. being maruellous angry with Grosted contrary to the mind of his Cardinals would haue his bones to be cast out of the church and purposed to bring him into such spite that he should be counted an Ethnicke a rebell disobedient person throughout the world and therevpon caused his letters to be sent to the king of England knowing that the king would gladly serue his turne therein to haue the spoile of the bishop and his Church But the night following Grosted appéered vnto him comming in his Pontificalibus Grosted appeereth in a
Christes sake and Iohn Chapman in whose house they were who al were carried to the Bishops house but Hewet they sent to Lollardes Towre and kepte Chapman and Tibauld asunder watched with two priestes seruauntes The next day Bishoppe Stokesley came from Fulham and committed Chapman to the stockes and shutte vp Tibauld in a close chamber but by Gods prouidence hee was deliuered out of prison albeit hée coulde not enioy house nor lande because of the Bishoppes iniunction but was fayne to sell all that hee had in Essex Chapman after fiue wéekes imprisonment whereof three hée sate in the stockes by much suite made to the L. Audley who was then Chancellour was deliuered but Andrew Hewet after long and cruell imprisonment was condemned to the fire with Frith after that he had giuen testimony to the trueth Anno 1531. The fiftéenth of Ianuarie Thomas Benet a Schoolemaister of fiftie yéeres of age borne in Cambridge was deliuered vnto Sir Thomas Dennis knight to be burned in Exceter He hid himselfe sixe yeres in Deuonshire but kindeled with zeale he resolued to aduenture his life for the testimonie of Iesus and in the moneth of October he did set vppon the Cathedrall church doore of Exceter scrolles in which were written The Pope is Antichrist and wée ought to worshippe God onelie and no Sayntes the Authour of which billes coulde not bée founde At the last the priestes fell to curse with booke bell and candle the Authour of the same Bennet béeing by who fell into a laughter within himselfe for a great space and coulde not forbeare Whereby some saie hee was bewrayed and taken other that his enemies beeing vncertaine whether it were he or not suffered him to depart home And not beeing able to digest the lyes which were preached sent his boye with other scrolles as before hee had done who béeyng examined confessed whose boye hee was and so Bennet was knowen and taken and committed to warde and béeing called to examination before the heads and cannons of the Citie confessed the fact and after muche disputing with the Friers especially one Gregorie Basset who had lien in prison at Bristow for the trueth and reuolted béeyng threatened hée shoulde haue his handes burned off with a panne of coales which was brought readie at his examination Thomas Bennet martyr hée was condemned to death and burned At whose burning Iohn Barnehouse Esquier béeing present tooke a fyrre bush vpon a pyke beyng sette on fire and thrust it vnto his face because hée woulde not saie Sancta Maria ora pro nobis But he answered Pater ignosce eis and so fire being put to him patiently he ended his life By reason of the rigorous proclamation aboue specified procured by the Bishops great persecution ensued so that a great number were troubled and either burned or constrained to abiure Thomas Cornwell or Austy Anno 1530. for not kéeping his fagot vpon his shoulder after his abiuration was condemned to perpetual prison in the house of S. Bartholomew from whence he afterward fled and escaped Anno 1530. Thomas Philips made his appeale from the B. to the king and would no otherwise abiure then generally all heresies for which the B. did excommunicate him and denounced him contumax and what after became of him it is vncertaine A litle before this time William Tracie William Tracie a woorshipfull Gentleman of Glocestershyre and then dwelling at Toddington made in his will that hée would haue no funerall pompe at his buriall neyther passed hée vppon Masse and saide hée trusted in GOD onelie and hoped by him to bée saued and not by anie Saynt This Gentleman dyed and his sonne his executour brought the Will to the Bishoppe of Canterburie to prooue which hée shewed to the Conuocation and then most cruelly they iudged that he shoulde bée taken out of the ground and bée burnt as an heretike Anno 1532. Wherof the King hearing the Chancelour was fayne to fine thrée hundreth pounds to haue his pardon of the king Anno 1531. Henry Tomson taylor notwithstanding he submitted himselfe to the Bishop yet therewith sentence condemned him to perpetuall prison His cause was the denying of the host to be God The same yéere was Thomas Patmore parson of Hadham in Hartfordshire a godly man and painefull teacher persecuted by Richard FitzIames bishop of London who was desirous to preferre another to the good mans benefice and so hardly was he dealt withall that in the end he submitted himselfe and abiured and was notwithstanding committed to perpetuall prison Howbeit one of his brethren made such suite vnto the king by the meanes of the Quéene that after thrée yéeres imprisonment hée was both released out of prison and also of the King obteyned a Commission vnto the Lord Audley then Lord Chancellour and to Cranmer Archbishoppe of Canterbury and to Cromwel then Secretarie with others to enquire of the vniust dealinges of the Bishoppe and his Chauncellour agaynst Patmore but what was the ende thereof it is vncertaine Anno 1531. Christopher a Dutch man of Antwerp was put in prison at Westminster for selling new Testaments in English and there died The same yer a boy of Colchester or of Norfolk for deliuering a buget of bookes to Richard Bayfield was layed in the prison of Master Moore Chauncellour and there dyed From the yere 1533. during the time of Quéene Anne During the time of Queen Anne no great persecution no great persecution nor abiuration was in the Church of England sauing that x. Anabaptistes were put to death in sundrie places of the Realme And anno 1535. tenne other repented and were saued whereof two were pardoned after sentence geuen which was contrary to the popes law After the Cleargie had with great crueltie vexed Christs flock anno 1534. 1534. Commons against the Cleargie a parlament was called by the king about the 15. daye of Ianuarie in which the Commons renued their old gréefes complaining against the Prelates and Ordinaries for calling men before them ex officio Answere to which requestes the king at that present did delay After the Cardinal had béene cast into a premunire anno 1530 about the yéere 1532 the king made a restraint that nothing should be purchased from Rome Nothing to be purchased from Rome and procéeded further against all the Prelates for supporting the Cardinall by reason whereof they also were entangled with premunire For the releasement whereof they offered the king 118840. poundes which was accepted with much adoe In this submission the king was called of the Cleargie Supreame head Supreme head The motion of the Commons to the king touching their gréeuances from the Cleargy in the prorogation of the parlament tooke good successe Wherein the king prouided remedies and enacted in the same Parlament that no man should be troubled for speaking any thing against the vsurped power of the Bishop of Rome or his lawes not grounded on the law of God The vsurped power of the Pope
prelates in which the sixe articles were concluded touching matters of religion which were commonly called the whippe with sixe strings The first article was concerning transubstantiation 2 Against the communicating in both kindes 3. That priestes might not marry after the order of priesthood receiued 4. that the vowes of chastity made aboue 21. yéeres of age of widowhood aduisedly made should be obserued 5. The establishing of priuate masses 6. Auricular confession to be expedient The punishment for breach of the first article was burning without any abiuration with losse of all goods lands as in case of treason Treason Felonie the default against the other fiue articles was fellony without any benefit of cleargy c. Against these articles only D. Cranmer Cranmer disputeth against the vi articles Archbishop of Canterbury stood vp and thrée daies disputed against them with such strength of reason that the king who euer bare especall fauour vnto him well liking his zelous defence onlie willed him to depart out of the parlament house vnto the Counsell chamber for a time for safegarde of his conscience till the Act shoulde passe and bée graunted which hée notwithstanding with humble protestation refused to doe After the parlament was finished the king sent the Lord Cromwell who in few dayes after was apprehended the twoo Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke and all the Lordes of the parlament house to dyne with the Archbishoppe at Lambith and to comfort him and within few daies also vpon the same required that hee woulde giue a note of all his doings and reasons in the said parliament which Cranmer eftsoones accomplished accordingly and sent the copie thereof to the king Besides these sixe Articles in the same parliament was ordained that if Priestes were taken in Adultery or Fornication and duely conuict for their not Caste nor Caute at first tyme they shoulde forfaite their goods Against adultery and fornication of priests and for the second faulte be taken and executed as fellons this was brought in by the Lord Cromwels aduise Who if he might haue had his will the firste crime of these concubinarie Priestes aswell as the second no doubt had béene punished with death but so Gardiner did barre that article with his shifts that the first was losse of goodes and the second death and the next yéere he so prouided that the paine of death by Act of parlament was cleane repealed So that by this statute it was prouided Death for adulterie repeated for all such votaries as liued in whordome and adultery For the first offence to lose his goodes and all his spiritual promotions except one For the second to forfeite all that he had to the king For the third conuiction to sustaine continual imprisonment Anno 1541. The eight and twentith day of Iuly the noble lord Cromwell the maule of the Pope and Papists in this land and the great fauourer of the gospell was put to death at Tower hill 1541. Cromwell the maule of the P. put to death The crimes obiected against him were first heresie and that he was a supporter of Barnes Clarke and many other whom by his authoritie and letters written to Sheriffes and Iustices in diuers Shires he had discharged out of prison Also that hee did disperse bookes of heresies among the kinges Subiects Item that he caused to be translated into English diuers bookes that conteined matter against the Sacrament c. Besides all this there were brought in certaine witnesses which charged him with wordes that he should speake against the king in the Church of S. Peter the poore in the xxx yere of the kings reigne In the moneth of Iuly during the Parliament being in the Counsell chamber he was sodainly attainted and carried to the Tower the xix of the moneth of Iulie the xxviij day put to death He was borne of a simple parentage at Putney or there abouts being a Smiths sonne his mother married after to a Sherman Cromwell The life of L. Cromwell being ripe of yéeres was at Antwerp retained to be secretarie to the merchants there From whence being procured by Geffery Chambers with another companion whom the men of Boston sent to Rome for the renewing of their priuiledges to go to Rome and aid them in their suite he departed and accompanied the Boston mens Ambassadours to Rome where he aduised with himselfe how he might haue best accesse vnto the pope and best dispatch of his busines and hauing knowledge how that the popes holy tooth greatly delighted in new fangled strange delicates it came into his mind to prepare certaine fine dishes of gelly made after our countrey maner here in England which to them of Rome was not knowen nor séene before This done Cromwell obseruing his time as the pope was newly come from hunting into his pauiliō hée with his companions approched with his English presents brought in with a thréemans song as we call it in the English tongue and all after the English fashion The pope sodainly marueiling at the strangenes of the song and vnderstanding that they were Englishmen and that they came not emptie handed willed them to be called in Cromwel there shewing his obedience and offring this iolie Iunkets such as kings Princes onely vsed said he in the Realm of Englande to féede on desired that to be accepted in good part which he his companions as poore Suters vnto his Holinesse had there brought and presented as Nouelties méete for his recreation Pope Iulius so liked their Iunkets that he desired to know the making of their daynties And vnderstanding their suites without any more adoe stamped both their pardons both the greater and the England the king also wrote in like manner to Boner his Ambassadour to assist the doers thereof in all their reasonable suites whereto the king of Fraunce gaue licence Boner shewed himselfe very diligent about the worke The Bible in English printed at Paris So the booke was printed euen to the last part then was quarrels picked to the printer who was sent for to the inquisitors of the faith there charged with certaine articles of heresie Then were sent for the Englishmen that were at the cost charge therof Richard Grafton and Whitchurch the corrector Miles Couerdale but hauing warning what would follow the Englishmen posted away leauing behind them their Bibles to the number of 2500. called the Bibles of the great volume and neuer recouered any of them sauing the Lieuetenant criminal sold foure great dryfats of them to an Haberdasher to lap in caps and those were brought again but the rest were burnt at the place called Maulbert in Paris But notwithstanding the losse after they had recouered some part of the foresaid books and were comforted and incouraged by the L. Cromwell the same men went agayne to Paris and there got the presses letters and seruants of the foresaid printer and brought them to London and there they became
iudged as periured persons to weare papers in Windsor and Ockam to stande vpon the Pillorie at Newberie where he was borne False Iudges and accusers punished The iudgement of the thrée was to ride about Windsor Reading and Newberie with papers on their heads and their faces turned to the horsetailes and so to stande vpon the Pillorie in euerie of those Townes for false accusation of the forenamed Martyrs and for periurie Anno 1539. There was commission sent to Calice to enquire of heresie through a complaint made of the entertainement and accepting of Adam Damlip alias George Bucker who there for xx dayes or more preached euery day at vii of the clocke He preached very godly sermōs against Transubstantiation and adoration of the sacrament Damlip by this Commission was cited and appeared before the Archb. of Canterbury Winchester Chichester and diuers others before whom constantly he mainteined the trueth of the sacrament and being dismissed for that time enioyned to appeare the next day Adam Damlip by the secret warning of the archb of Cant. he stept aside into the West countrey while great trouble was kindled against Gods people in Calice namely against sir W. Smith curate a zelous preacher T. Brook R. Hare sir I. Butler then Commissarie Iames Cocke alias Coppē Persecution in Calice D. Lane I Barber and others Of the which persons T. Brooke R. Hare Coppen D. Lane I. Barber were apprehended and sent ouer and committed to prison in Westminster gate and then commaunded to appeare before the Archb. Winchester Chichester and ten other appointed by the kings maiestie Sir W. Smith preacher and I. Butler by commandement were apprehended in Calice and boūd by suretie not to passe the boundes of Calice Sir William Smith was accused to preach against our ladie and praying to saints good works c. Brooke for speaking against the sacrament Rafe Hare for speaking against holy bread holy water Butler was charged to haue mainteined Adam Damlippe for which he was dismissed of his Commissariship And it was determined that sir W. Smith Rafe Hare Iames Cock and Iames Barber should be sent to Calice and there to abiure and do penance where sir Williā Smith was enioyned to make the sermon R. Hare I. Cock and Iames Barber there standing with fagots vpon their shoulders sauing because he dwelled there Barber was enioyned to beare his fagot iiij miles of Calice on the market day where sir W. Smith preached also as before and so ordered the matter in his sermon that in effect he denied nothing he had taught before His accuser was one R. Long a man at armes in Calice who falsly swore that he had eaten flesh in Lent at Brookes house after which oath he hauing taken displeasure some way ran out of his house and in the eyes of a number of people went drowned himselfe After this commission which was executed by M. Greenfield sir I. Butler the K. mason others through the rage of the enimy and complaint to the king that the commons were in perill through dissention of opinions there were sent ouer new commissioners the earle of Sussex lord great Chamberlaine the lord S. Iohn sir Iohn Gage knight sir Iohn Baker knight M. Layton clerke of the closet and D. Currin with speciall instructions besides signed with the kings owne hand so that if God had not taken compassion there had an hundreth béene burnt or hanged shortly after but it hapned far otherwise for of the number of those accusors iiij were by the cōmissioners sent ouer into England to wit Clement Philpot seruant to the L. Lisle sir Edmund curate of our Ladies church Thomas Towchet a postmaister Peter Requet Gods iudgement and deliuerance of his people of the which Philpot and the Curat were drawne hanged and quartered at London and contrarily of them that were accused not one lost an haire of his head Inquisition being made Thomas Brooke aforementioned was committed to ward and so were Anthony Pickering Gent. Henry Turney gentleman Sir George Darby priest Iohn Shepheard William Pellam William Reuerdall Iohn Whitewood Iohn Boote Robert Clodder Copen de Lane Mathew de Lound sent to close prison William Stephens likewise who was Adam Damlips host The L. Lisle dieth in the Tower was sent into England and clapt in the Tower and after him the L. Lisle deputie who died in the Tower The seconde day after Easter Thomas Brooke was sent for and committed to close prison in the maiors gaole and George Brodway was suborned by the Counsel of Calice who threatened him greatly if he woulde not burthen Brooke with some concealementes which he at length by straite imprisonment threats did and set to his hand that Brooke had for a long time concealed foure groates euery day for his Clarkes wages for which after a while Brodway being gréeued in his conscience with a knife wēt about to cut his owne throte had not the gaoler preuēted him who heard him grone with the pain he felt of the woūd after through guilt of conscience and shame he fell out of his wittes Gods iudgement vpon a false accuser Of this dealing with Brooke his wife gaue intelligence to the lord Cromwell wherein shée desired the lord Cromwell to be a meanes to the king that the afflicted and their causes might be heard in England which he with spéed did accomplish and wrote to the Commissioners in the kings name that Brooke and xij or xx of his complices should be sent ouer into England with their accusers Now by the time that the Commissioners had receiued these letters they had made out precepts for viij or ix score honest men more to be cast in prison but these Letters appalled and staied them notwithstanding they banished the men before named out of the towne for an hundreth yeres and sent them back to prison staying them there vpon hope that the Lord Cromwell should sooner come into captiuitie then he did but at last they sent xiij prisoners with Brook who within xxiiij houres were at anker before the Tower wharfe whom when the Lord Cromwell vnderstood to be come he commanded their yrons to be smote off at the tower wharfe and the prisoners to be brought vnto him whom hee greatly comforted After that they were sent to the Fleete and whiles they were in the Fleete and William Steuens in the tower the xix day of Iuly Anno 1541 the Lorde Cromwell their great fauourer was beheaded at Tower hill so that all hope seemed to them to haue beene vtterly lost of any deliuerance but the Lord had them in remembrance and stirred vp the Lord Awdley L. Awdley a friend to the afflicted Lord Chauncellour of England without further examination to deliuer them And at length two yeres after he deliuered William Steeuens also by the kings owne motion The vniust Coūsellers who charged the Towne with sedition and heresie fell afterward into the kings displeasure and
the church 208 The K. hard againe to Hub. ead L. Hub. receiued into the K. fauor ead Caursini Italiā vsurers ead P. visitation general ead A deformation no reformation 209 Benedict order ead Peter bishop of Winchest ea They wold displace the K. ea Monastery of conuerts ead Edmund 216 R. Grosted ead King floweth bad councel ead Reformation ead Courage of K. ead Pictauians expelled 211 Catini in Almain slain ead Albingenses slain ead Hub. commeth to the K. ead Reconciliation ead Dissention betwixt the P. the Romans ead P. greater thā any man 212 Romanes slaine eadem Schisme of the East church from the West eadem Germanus 213 The signe of the Crosse to fight against Greciās ead The people excommunicated eadem Intollerable exactiōs of the pope eadem Prince of Wales set agaynst the K. of England ead No messenger permitted to or fro Rome ead 60000. markes yeerely to Rome eadem The popes legate departeth England eadem Councell at Lions eadem Emperour Frederike cursed by the pope eadem The P. perswadeth to warre against England 215 The popes warres eadem Warre against the Greekes eadem 60000. poundes exacted by the pope eadem The grieuances of England 216 The French K. receiueth the signe of the crosse eadem The voyage of the holy land eadem The P. refuseth all agreement with the Emperor 217 Damiata wonne from the Turkes eadem The P. hindereth peace 218 The army of christians wholly destroied eadem 80000. christians perish in the wars against the Turks eadem Fredericke crowned Emperour by pope Honorius 219 Giftes to the churche of Rome ead Honorius curseth the Emp. Frederik ead The Emperor recōciled with the pope 220 Honorius dieth ead P. Gregorie 9 ead The pope threateneth the Emperor ead The pope offended with the Emperor for not kissing his feete but his knee ead The iourny against the Saracens 221 The popes false accusation against the Emp. ead Emperor craueth the popes fauor ead Emperor crowned king of Ierusalem 222 The Pope practiseth against the Emperour while hee warreth against the Saracens eadem The Pope practiseth with the Saracens eadem A quarrell to the Emp. ead The Emperour returneth winneth townes from the Pope in Italy 223 The Emperour offereth to geue account to the Pope eadem Peace betwixt the Emperor and the pope eadem 120000. ounces of gold to the P. for the Emperours absolution eadem The Pope moueth the Emperours sonne to rebell against his father ead The Emperor preuaileth for all the popes curse 224 The pope pronounceth sentence of proscription against the Emperour ead Reuolt from the Emperour to the pope ead The church spoiled to mainteine the popes warres ead The Emperour preuaileth 225 Euerlasting life promised to suche as woulde fight against the Emperor ead The pope hindereth the defence of christendome ead The Emperour wasteth about Rome 226 The pope dieth with anger eadem Salue Regina brought into the church ead The Decretals ead Pope Celestine ead Pope dieth eadem An army against the Tartarians ead Innocentius 4. eadem The Emperor seeketh peace the Pope wil none eadem Pope Iudge accuser ead A voice heard thou wretch come receiue thy iudgement eadem The Emperor dieth eadem Preachers bolde against the Pope 298 Arnoldus de noua villa condemned eadem Iohannes Seneca appealeth from the Pope to a Councell eadem G. de Sanstoamre against the Pope 229 De periculis ecclesiae eadem Thirty nine arguments that friers be false Apostles eadem Euangelium aeternum Spiritus Sancti eadem The shell to the kernell ead A blasphemous Gospell of the friers eadem Laurence 230 Petrus Iohannes ead Pope Antichrist ead Rome Babylon ead Dead bones burned ead R. Gallus eadem Visiōs against the pope ead R. Gallus B. of Lincoln ead Inuectiues against the P. 231 K. of Englād the popes māciple vassall page eadem Manifest and knowne that once should come a defection from Rome ead The Pope an heretike ead Romane vertues ead R. Grosted prophesieth against Rome eadem The vertues of R. Grosted 232 A maule of the Romās ead P. Innocent 4. a great impouerisher of christēdom ea 70000. markes reuenews of forreners placed in the land by the pope ead Grosted appeereth in a visiō to the pope eadem Grosted striketh the P. 233 Innocent dieth eadem Alexander 3. eadem Wholesome lawes ead The pope dispenseth with othes eadem Pope dieth eadem Pope Vrbane 4. eadem Warre betwixt the king and the Barons eadem Vrbane dieth eadem Clement 4. eadem Thomas Aquine Bonauenture 234 Tenths to the King ead Peace betwixt the king and the Barons eadem Cathedrall Churches popes pensions eadem Clement 4. dieth ead Gregory 10. eadem Against the Saracens ead Great concordances 235 A generall councell ead Abbey of Hales ead King dieth eadem Westminster church ead Blackfriers by Ludgate ead Iewes banished the realme vtterly eadem The Scots pertaine to the popes chappell eadem Scots conuerted by the reliques of S. Peter 236 Celestine beginneth to reforme the Churche of Rome eadem Boniface a crafty knaue ead Peter thrust into prison ead Boniface P. of Rome ead The Pope curseth the Frēch king to the fourth generation eadem The pope scoffeth c. ead The first Iubilie eadem Power of both swords ead Extrauagant 238 Constitutions eadem Sextus Nicholaus eadem Pardons indulgēces ead The quarrell betwixt the P. the French king ead The king of France forbiddeth to carrie treasure to Rome eadem The popes proud stile to the French king eadem Magareta against the Pope 239 Foure articles against the Pope eadem Magareta against the Pope 239 Foure articles against the Pope eadem 28. articles against the pope eadem The pope hideth himself ea Adulphus eadem Reginaldus de supina ead Cardinals goods rifled ead Pope craueth truce eadem The pope reiected eadem The pope glad to make amends 241 Conditions offered to the pope eadem The gates of the popes palace fired eadem The P. rather would die thē renoūce his popedom ea The pope spoiled of infinite treasure eadem The pope homely vsed ead The P. almost starued ead The pope deliuered almost famished 242 Pope dieth eadem Benedict eadem Decretals eadem Clergy exempt from subsidie eadem The clergy out of the kings protection eadem The king of England troubled with the sea of Canterbury 243 No benefice but one ead Cussanus king of the Tartarians eadem The Tartariās christened ea Mertō college in Oxford ea Henr. de Gandauo eadem De villa Noua eadem Scotus Duns eadem Clement 5. eadem The court of Rome to Auinion eadem The pope reigned as Emperour sede vacante ead Templars put downe ead Corpus Christi day 244 The Clemētine decretals ea The Emperor poisoned by a monk in the chalice ead The Emperor of Constantinople excōmunicated ea Pope Iohn eadē Pope Benedict eadem This world made for the cardinals ead Complaint against the pope for oppressing Englād 245 An