Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	french_a	king_n	normandy_n	3,816	5	11.5544	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57453	An introduction to a breviary of the history of England with the reign of King William the I, entitled the Conqueror / written by Sr. Walter Raleigh, Kt. ...	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; Daniel, Samuel, 1562-1619.; Van Hove, Frederick Hendrick.	1693 (1693)	Wing R169; ESTC R8443	18,952	88

28. Where he was no sooner arrived but he heard that his Son was again Revolted Treated the Normans ill and renounced his Father's Soveraignty over that Province which caused his little Stay in England for that time but only to prepare for his Return into Normandy Whither passing he was by Tempest driven on the Coast of Spain and there is said to have Fought in Battle against the Sarasnis Afterwards arriving at Bourdeaux his Son Robert came and submitted himself the second time whom now he took with him into England to frame him to a better Obedience by imploying him here for a Season and then sent him back again with his Youngest Son Harry whom he more trusted into Normandy where he held himself quiet a while and gave his Father some small Breathing time to dispose of the Affairs of this Kingdom § 29. But it was not long e're new Occasions of greater Troubles grew up which took by this means The two Princes Robert and Henry went to Visit and salute the King of France at Couflans where being seasted certain Days upon an After-dinner Henry wan so much at Chess of Louis the King 's eldest Son that he grew so far into Choler as he called him the Son of a Bastard and threw the Chess in his Face Henry takes up the Chess-board and strook Louis with that Force as he drew Bloud and had killed him had it not been for his Brother Robert who came in in the mean time and interposed himself whereupon they suddainely took Horse and with much a do saved themselves at Pontoise from the King's People that pursued them § 30. This Quarrel arising upon the intermeeting of these Princes which is a thing that seldom breeds good Bloud amongst them reinkindled a Heat of more Rancor in the Fathers and set a mighty Fire between the two Kingdoms which made the first War the English and French had together whereupon followed many others For presently the King of France complots again with Robert enters into Normandy and takes the City of Vernon The King of England invades France subdues the Countrey on Xaintoign and Poitou and returns to Roan Where the third time his Son Robert is reconciled unto him which much disappointeth and vexeth the King of France Who hereupon Summons the King of England to come and do him Homage for the Kingdom of England Which he refused to do saying that he held it of none but of God and his Sword But yet offering to do him Homage for the Dutchy of Normandy it would not satisfie the King of France who was willing to make any Occasion the Motive to set upon him And again he invaded his Territories but which more loss than Profit In the End they conclude a little unperfect Peace together which held no longer than King William had recovered a Sickness whereinto by Reason of his Years Travel and Fatness he was lately fallen At which Time the King of France then Young and Lusty jesting at his great Belly whereof he said he lay in at Roan so irritated him as being recovered he gathered all his Forces entred into France in the Chiefest Time of their Fruits and came even before Paris spoiling and burning all in his way Where with Heat and Toil he fell into a Relapse returned to Roan and there made an End of his Wars and Life after he had held this Kingdom twenty years and ten Months § 31. Now concerning his Government in Peace and the Course he held in Establishing the Kingdom thus gotten first he examines the English Laws which were then composed of Merchenlage Danelage and Westfaxlage Whereof some he abrogated and some allowed adding other of Normandy especially such as made for the Preservation of the Peace which most imported him to look unto And these Laws thus reformed he caused to be all Translated and and Written into the Norman Tongue hereby to draw the People of the Kingdom to learn that Language for their own Need that the two Nations might the better grow together and become one seeing a difference of Speech would continue a difference of Affections Wherein he attained not his Desire nor ever was it in the Power of any Conquerour so to do without the universal Extirpation of the Land-bred People Who being so far in number as they were above the Invaders both carry the main of the Language and also in few Years make them to become theirs that subdued them But yet upon these Laws thus Established by so prudent a Prince this free and Fierce Nation was so well held in Peace and Obedience as his Successors with some Abatement of Rigour and Prerogative have ever since continued a most Glorious Soveraignty over the same § 32. And for that he would be well and certainly supplied with Treasure which his great Wars and Entertainments required he took a most provident Course for reforming the Fisque or Exchequer and the ordering and raising of his Revenues Endeavouring to make and know the utmost of his Estate And therefore he imployed a most discreet Choice of Men to survey the whole Kingdom and to take the Particulars of his own and every Man's Ability the quantity and nature of Lands and Possessions with the Discriptions Bounds and Divisions of Shires and Hundreds within the same And this was drawn into one Book and brought into his AErarium the Exchequer so called of the Table whereat the Officers sate before termed the Talce and the same intitled Doomesday-Book Liber Iudiciarius saith Gervasius the Judgement Book that was to decide all Doubts concerning these Particulars § 33. All the Forrests and Chases throughout the Kingdom he took into his proper Possession and exempted them from being under any other Law than his own Pleasure to serve as Penetralia Regnum the withdrawing Chambers of Kings to recreate them after their serious Labours in the State where none might presume to have to do and where all Punishments and Pardons of Delinquents were to be Disposed by himself absolutely and the former Customes abrogated And to make his Command the more he encreased the Number of them in all parts of the Land and on the South-Coast dispeopled the Country for above thirty Miles space making of old inhabited Possessions a new Forrest Inflicting great Punishments for Hunting his Dear whereby he much advanced his Revenue which was the greatest Act of Concussion and Tiranny he committed in his Government And the same Course held almost every King near the Conquest For Henry the first proceeded with such Violence as to make a Law that if any Man killed the Kings Deer in his own Woods he should forfeit his Woods to the King But King Stephen having need of the Peoples Favour repealed that Law And in the End this Grievance amongst others after much Bloodshed in the Kingdom was allayed by the Charter of Forrests granted by Henry III. For other Possessions he permitted those which held them before his Coming to continue them quietly in

to prepare the Way for the great After-work intended And having done much Mischeif on the Coast of Kent Harold with strong Navy forced him to draw towards the North parts where seeking to Land he was repulsed by the Earls Morcar and Edwin and forced to look Aid of the Scots and after of the King of Norway whom he induced to invade this Kingdom with great store of Men and Shipping These landing at Tinmouth and discomfiting their first Encounterers marched into the heart of England without Resistance But being come near to Stamford King Harold with a mighty army met them and after long Fight with the Loss of much Bloud and his best Men he finished that Action with the Death of Tosty and the King of Norway § 10. But from hence was he called with his wearied and broken Forces to a more fatal Business in the South For now William Duke of Normandy pretending a Right to the Crown of England both by the Testament of the late King Edward and also by Parentage upon the Advantage of the Time and the Disfurnishment of those parts Landed at Hastings Near to which Place was Fought that bloudy Battle wherein Harold Valianty Fighting amidst his Enemies Ended his Life and Reign which was scarce of one Year and the English with the loss of 20000. Men and the Flower of the Kingdom became the miserable Prey of the Normans § 11. But how so great a State as this could be with one Blow subdued by so small a Province in such sort as it could never after come to make any general Head against the Conqueror may seem strange and considerable But the Circumstances with the Disposition of that Time as may be Collected from the Writers that lived near it may somewhat though not altogether satisfy us in that point For they say the People of the Kingdom were by their being secure from their Foreign Enemies the Danes and their long Peace which had held in a manner from the Death of Edmon Ironside the space of fifty Years grown neglective of Arms and generally debauched with Luxury and Idlenesse The Clergy licentious and only Literaturâ tumultuariâ contenti Scholae non vitae discebant saith Malmesbury the Nobility given to Gluttony Venery and Oppression the Common sort to Drunkenness and all Disorder And they say that in the last Action of Harold at Stamford the bravest Men perished And himself growing insolent after the Victory retaining the Spoils without Distribution to the Souldiers made them discontent and unruly Or peradventure being not inured to be Commanded by Martial Discipline they were of themselves unmanageable and that coming to the Battle of Hastings with many mercenary Men and a discontented Army there was not that Valour and Resolution shewed as was meet in so important an Occasion Besides the Normans had a peculiar Militia or Fight with Bowes and Arrowes wherein they were Excellently practised and the English unacquainted with that Weapon were altogether unprovided for the Defence And thus they excuse the shame of our Nation THE REIGN OF WILLIAM the I. Anno I. § 12. BY these Advantages William the base Son of Robert Duke of Normandie having gotten the Victory in the Battle near Hastings Marched without any opposition towards London Where the Earls Edwin and Morcar Brothers of eminent Dignity and Respect in the Kingdom laboured with all their Power in solliciting the People for the Conservation of the State And to have Established Edgar Etheling next of the Royal Issue in the Soveraignty whereunto the rest of the Nobility had likewise consented had they not seen the Bishops averse or wavering And all Men generally transported with Fear or corrupted with new Hopes runing from themselves and their endanger'd Country and striving who should be first to entertain the present Fortune sought to preoccupate each other For streight upon his Approach to London the Gates was set all open the Archbishop of Canterbury Stigand with other Bishops the Nobility Magistrates and People all rendred themselves and their Obedience unto him and he returning plausible Promises of his future Goverment was within a short Time after Crowned at Westminster by Aldred Archbishop of York for that Stigand was not held Canonically Invested in that See and yet was thought to have been a principal Adherent to this Enterprise § 13. Here according to the accustomed Form in his Coronation the Bishops and Barons of the Realm took their Oath to be his true and Loyal Subjects and he reciprocally being required thereunto by the Archbishop of York made his personal Oath before the Altar of Saint Peter to defend the holy Church of God and the Rectors of the same to govern the universal people subject unto him justly with care to establish equal Laws for the preservation of Justice and upright Judgment to be used amongst them and taking Hostages for his more Security and Order for the Defence and Government of his Kingdome § 14. At the opening of the Spring then next following he returns into Normandy so to settle his Affairs there as they might not distract him from his Business in England which required his whole powers And to leave all sure behind him he committed the Rule of the Kingdom in his Absence to Odo Bishop of Bayeux his half-Brother by the Mothersside and to his cozen Fitz-Osborn whom he had made Earl of Hereford taking with him the chiefest Men Natives of the State who were likeliest to be Heads to a Revolt as the Arch-Bishop Stigand lately discontented Edgar Atheling a Titular Edwin and Morcar with many other Bishops and Noblemen In his Absence which was all that whole Summer nothing was here attempted against him but only that Edric surnamed the Forrester in the County of Hereford called in the Kings of the Welch to his Aid and Forraged onely the remote Boders of that Country The rest of the Kingdome stood quiet expecting what would become of that new World wherein as yet they found no great Alteration their Lawes and Liberties remaining still the same they did and might hope by this Accession of a new Province the State of England would be inlarged in Dominion abroad and not impaired in profit at home by reason the Nation was but small and being a plentifull and not over-peopled Country they were not likely to impester them § 15. The King now grown to this power soon settled his Estate in Normandy which in his Youth he had alwayes found turbulent within and overhardly neighboured abroad and secured him of that side of the World wherein he was much advantaged by the Time For Philip the first then King of France was a Child who otherwise would never have suffered the Normans being so stubborn and little affectionate to that Crown to have grown to such Greatness and besides was under the Curature of Baudovin Earl of Flanders his Uncle by the Mother whose Daughter King William of England had to wife which Alliance indeed gave him the greatest Means to

defraud him of it § 22. Most of the Lords after this great Defeat in the North came in upon Publick Faith given them and were conducted to Barkamstead by the Abbot Frederick Where some write that the King again took a personal Oath before the Archbishop Lanfranc and the Lords to observe the Antient Laws of the Realm Established by his Noble Predecessors the Kings of England and especially those of Saint Edward And all the Lords upon their Oath and submission were then reconciled unto him and thereupon held themselves quiet for a Time But whether it were that they found not their Entertainment such as they expected or that they had received Intelligence of new Hopes from abroad or that Edgar who was still in Scotland had sollicited them upon Promise of fresh Succours to aid him or howsoever it was many of them again Conspired contrary to their Oaths and went out The Earl Edwin making towards Scotland was Murthered by his own People by the way The Earls Morcar and Hereward betook them to the Isle of Ely meaning to make good that Place for that Winter whither also came the Earl Siward and the Bishop of Durham out of Scotland But the King who was no Time giver to growing Dangers beset all the Isle with flat Boats on the East and made a Bridge of a Mile long on the West and safely brought in his People upon the Enemy who seeing themselves surprised yielded them all to the King's Mercy Except Hereward a man of great Valour and Courage who with his Souldiers made a Retreat through the Fenns and Escaped into Scotland The Rest were sent to divers Prisons where they died or remayned during the King's Life § 23. We find that those Lords who remained Loyal upon their last Submission were all imployed and well graced by the King As Edric the Forrester that was the first Revolter in his Reign was held in especial Favour and Trust near about him Gospatric was made Earl of Northumberland and sent against Malcolm who in this time takes Advantage of subdue the Countries of Tisdall Cleveland and Cumberland Waltheof the Son of the Earl Siward he so highly Estemeed as he Married him to his Niece Iudith Though he were a Principal Actor in this last Commotion and in the Defence of the City of York against him and is said to have stricken off the Heads of divers Normans one by one as they entred upon a Breach to the great Admiration of all Men By which Valour of his he ransomed the Offence he had made and grew to that great Grace with the King who therein shewed a Noble and Magnanimous Nature to honour Vertue even in his Enemies § 24. And now there rested nothing for the general Quieting of the Kingdom but only the Suppression of Malcolm King of Scots the greatest Kindlefire of all these Conspiracies in the North parts and the only Fefuge for all that were discontented and mutinous in this State Against him the King led such mighty Forces both by Sea and Land as Malcolm rather then to adventure Battle was content to make his Peace and not only to give up Hostages for securing the same but also to do him Homage for the Kingdom of Scotland And so all his Home-Wars were ended Regni Anno 6. Saving only in Anno 15. he levied a Puissant Army and subdued Wales which Business held him not long For the Rest of his Government here he had no more to do here with the Sword though he had it always abroad during his whole Reign § 25. Now for the Doubt he might have of the great Men of the Kingdom who by Power or Love were aptest to disturb his Government it was in this sort taken away First by the Submission of Edgar Atheling who Anno 7. was restored into Grace and had a fair Maintenance which held him ever after quiet Then by those whom the Prisons kept from Attempting any more And lastly by the Revealing of a new Conspiracy contrived at a Marriage between Ralph de Waher Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk and his new Kinswoman the Sister of Roger the Young Earl of Hereford At which Solemnization in their Banquetting and Jollity the two Earls Normans with Waltheof and divers English Plotted to call in the Danes again and to make away the King Upon which Discovery they were all apprehended except the Earl of Norfolk who fled the Land and died some in Prison and some on the Scaffold § 26. The The Danes being on the Coasts with 200 Sail hearing how their Confederates had sped and the great Preparations the King had made after some spoils taken on the Coast of England and Flanders returned home and never after infested this Kingdom Though in Anno 20 of this King there was a great Rumour of their fresh Preparations for a new Invasion which made him entertain a great number of Frenchmen besides Normans which he brought into England about Harvest and held the most part of them all the Winter to the great Charge of the Kingdom But it came to nothing For the Wind held so long against the Danish Navy consisting of about 1000 Sail as it overthrew their intended Action and freed both the King and his Successors from future Fears that way for ever after § 27. The Forein Wars he had were all about his Dominions in France and raised by his own Son Robert whom he had left his Leiutenant Governour of the Dutchy of Normandy and the County of Maine Where by his Fathers Absence tasteing the Glory of Command he grew to assume into his own Power the Soveraign Rule of the Province caused the Barons there to do him Homage as Duke not as Leiutenant and put himself wholly under the Protection of the King of France who was not a little pleased to apprehend so good an Occasion to foster a Division in the House of so great and near a Neighbour who was now grown fearful and dangerous to all the Princes about him and therefore spared for uo Cost to set forward this Work The King understanding the Fire thus Kindled in his own House whilest he laboured to quench that himself had made in Others hasts with his Forces into Normandy to have surprised his Son Who advertised of his Coming furnished with 2000. Men at Arms by the King of France put himself in Ambush where his Father should pass and set upon him so Fiercely as he Defeited most of his People and in the Press happened to encounter with himself whom he unhorsed and wounded in the Arms with his Lance. But perceiving by his Voice it was his Father he hasted to lift him up again to his Horse craving most humble Pardon for his Offence which the King seeing in what Case he was easily granted and received him into Grace with whom and with his Son William who was likewise hurt in the Skirmish he retired to Roan and after being there cured of his Hurt returned again into England §