between the British Sea to the West the Garonne to the North and East and Spain to the South and was the ancient Aquitania and afterwards Novempopulonia that is the third part properly of the antient Aquitania in the division of the Emperour Augustus corrected by Adrian See Aquitaine It had this Name from the Gascoignes or Vascones a Spanish People which setled here and were Conquered by Theodebert and Theodorick Kings of France at last totally subdued by Dagobert another King of that Nation but ascribed by the Chronologers to Aribert a Contemporary King in 634. This Name is sometimes taken for all Gascony or the Generalité de Guienne or de Bourdeaux divided at present into eleven Parts Bourdelois Bazadois Condomois Armagnac Bearn Gascogne Basques Bigorre Comminges Baionne and Albret This Country for a long time belonged to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine It came in 1152. to Henry II. King of England in the Right of Eleanor his Wife Though King John was adjudged to have forfeited this and all his other Dominions in France by the pretended Murther of Arthur whereupon the French entered and in 1203. and 1204. Conquered Main Angiers and Normandy King John's Subjects not well agreeing with him yet in 1206. he made one Expedition to Rochel and took Mount Alban whereby he preserved Gascony And though his Son lost Rochel to the French in 1224. yet in 1225. by his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwal he reduced the Rebellious Gascoignes to Obedience and in 1242. attempted to recover Poictou but with no good success In 1259. for a Sum of Money given him by Lewis IX he resigned Normandy Main and Anjou reserving to himself Gascony Limosin and Aquitain in consideration whereof he was to have fifty thousands Crowns and from henceforward they were stiled Dukes of Guienne in the Possession of this the Kings of England continued till the twenty ninth Year of the Reign of Henry VI. which was the Year of our Lord 1452. when the Weakness of that Prince and the good Fortune of Charles VII deprived the English of all their Possessions in France ever since which time Gascony has been in the hands of the French It is observed as the French change the Letters V and W into G in the words Galles for Wales and Gascoigne for Vasconia so particularly the Gascoigners interchange the Letters V and B with one another in giving the same pronunciation to both Therefore says Joseph Scaliger of them Foelices populi quibus bibere est vivere Gastinois Vostinum a Territory in the Isle of France towards la Beauce between the Rivers of Estampes and Vernison to the West the River Yonne which separates it from Senonois on the East and the Territory of Puysaie and Auxerrois to the South The principal Town is Montargis thirteen Miles South of Paris Gath a City of Palestine upon the Frontiers of the Tribe of Juda towards the Syrian Sea seated on a hill It was one of the five Satrapies of the Philistines and the birth place of Goliah Gattinara a Town in the Principality of Piedmont advanced to the dignity of an Earldom by the Emperor Charles V. Gatton an ancient Borough Town in the County of Surrey and the Hundred of Reygate which elects two Members of Parliament Roman Coyns have been often digged up here Le Gave de Oleron Gabarus Oloronensis a River of Bearn which ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills from two Springs le Gave de Aspe to the West and le Gave de Osseau to the East which unite at the City of Oleron in Bearn and running Westward beneath Sauveterre it takes in from the South le Gave del Saison which comes from Mauleon beneath which it falls into le Gave de Pau a River of Aquitain which arising in Bigorre more East than the former but out of the Pyrenean Hills also at a Place called Bains de Bareâ—ge and running North-West by Pau in Bearn as far as Ourtes turns Westward and taking in Gave de Oleron falls into the Adour less than five Miles beneath Dax and four above Baionne to the East Gavot a small Territory in Vallais or Wallisserlandt one of the Suisse Cantons Comte de Gaure a County of France in Aquitaine in Armaignac between Lomagne Gimont and Condom the principal Town in it is Verdun four Miles from Tolouse to the North and about eight from Aux to the East Gaures Ghiaours or Ghiabers a numerous People dispersed about the Indies and the Kingdom of Persia in the Provinces particularly of Kherman where stands their principal Temple and Hyerach of a different Institution in Religion from all the World besides following the Scriptures of one Ebrahim zer Ateucht a Prophet pretended before the time of Alexander the Great and as tho they retained something of the old Religion of the Persians they have such a Veneration for Fire especially what the Priest consecrates that they take the most solemn Oaths before it The Persian Proverb upon these People it A Ghiaber may worship the Fire a hundred years yet if he falls into it but once it will certainly burn him Gazara Gaza a City of Palestine in Asia which belonged anciently to the Tribe of Judah as appears by the Sacred Scriptures it was the fifth Satrapy of the Philistines seated near the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea on the Confines of Idumaea towards Egypt Conquered by Judah Judg. 1. 18. but not long enjoyed Made famous by Samson Pharaoh King of Egypt gave it a second Name Gen. xlvii 1. Alexander the Great totally ruined it In the times of the Machabees a new Gaza arose which in those of Christianity was made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Caesarea The Grecians finding Gaza signified a Treasury in the Persian Tongue thought the Persians under Cambyses had given it this name Alexander the son of Aristobulus took the New Gaza and demolished it but no Alexander could so ruine this City but it would recover again Augustus annexed this Gazara and Hippon to Syria and in the time of Constantine the Great it was called Constantia from a Sister of that Prince The Saracens possessed themselves of it in the year of our Lord 633. three years before they took Jerusalem by whom it is now called Gaza Gazara and Aza Here our Authors divide as to its present State Baudrand saith it is little yet divided into two parts the Upper and Lower and that it has a Prince of its own though he is subject to the Turks called the Emir or Pacha de Gaza who is Master of it and the Neighbouring Country but Jo. Bunon saith it is great and twice as big as Jerusalem This City had a Port called Majuma Our Sandys in his Travels lib. 3. p. 116. saith it is seated upon a Hill environed with Valleys and those again well nigh inclosed with Hills most of them planted with all sorts of delicate Fruits the Buildings mean both for Form and Matter the best of rough Stone arched within and flat
is very strongly fortified and has a Castle on a Hill upon the River Eger in the Confines of Misnia four Miles from Eger or Heb another City of Bohemia to the East eighteen from Prague and as many from Dresden Lomaigne Leomania a Tract or Country in Aquitain or Gascony the principal Town of which is Vi◠de Lomaigne it lies between the County of Armagnac Verdun and the Garonne by which it is parted from the County of Agenois Loman a River in Devonshire which falls into the Ex by Tiverton in that County Lombardy Lombardia Longobardia is a considerable Country in the North of Italy under which is contained the greatest part of Gallia Cisalpina It is divided into two the Higher and the Lower Lombardy In the Higher are Piedmont with what is annexed to it the Dukedoms of Milan and Montisferat in the Lower are the Dukedoms of Mantua Modena and Parma with the Western parts of the State of Venice viz. The Territories of Bergamo Brescia Cremona Verona and Vicenza also the Dukedoms of Ferrara with the Territory of Bononia or Bologna which are in the States of the Church and now under the Pope The Italians also divide it into Lombardia di qua dal Po and Lombardia di la dal Po i. e. Lombardy on each side the Po. This was that Kingdom of the Lombards Langobardi or Longobardi in Italy which Charles the Great ruined after he had at Pavie taken Desiderius their last King Prisoner The principal City of this Kingdom was Milan This Kingdom was erected in 578. Isaacson placeth its beginning in 393. with whom Helvicus agrees Agelmond being their first King before whom they had Dukes it continued so under eleven Princes that is in Pannonia or Hungary not in Italy They came into Italy in 568. And their Kingdom continued there under twenty one Princes till 774 when Carlous Magnus Dethroned as was said In all two hundred and six Years Lombez Lombaria or Lumbaria a small City in Aquitain in France in the County of Cominges upon the River Sava which falls into the Garonne four Miles beneath Tolose Lombes stands five Leagues from the Garonne to the North eight from Aux to the South-East and ten from Tolose to the South-West Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII who at the same time erected its ancient Abbey into a Cathedral under the Archbishop of Tolose in 1317. But little and not well inhabited The Albigenses were excommunicated in a Council here Lombura the Indus Lomond and Lough Lomond Lomandus is a great Lake in the South of Scotland in the County of Lenox between Menteith to the East and Argile to the West In length from North to South twenty Miles ten in breadth from East to West in some places in others three and four It is only four Miles from Dunbritown to the North and a little more from its Fyrth the River Levin empties it into the Fyrth There is in it sixteen small Islands Lon Lone or Lunne a River of Lancashire upon which Lancaster and Hornby are situated and Kirkby Lonsdale in the County of Westmorland It ends in the Irish Sea London Londinum Augusta Trinobantum the Capital City of the Kingdom of England or rather three Cities united into one Its length from East to West from Lime-house to the further end of Mill-bank in Westminster coming to 7500 Geometrical paces i. e. seven measured Miles and an half at a thousand paces a Mile Its breadth from the further end of Whitechappel-street to St. George's Fields in Southwark near three Miles It is first mentioned by Tacitus afterwards by Ammianus Marcellinus who calls it Augusta Stephanus de Vrbibus Lindonium Bede and Sigebert call it Lindona the English London the Saxons Lundain the French Londres the Germans Londen and the Italians Londra It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury seated in the County of Middlesex upon the Thames a noble navigable River over which it has a Bridge of nineteen Arches built with Houses on both sides and of late enlarged as to the Passage This is also the Royal City the Seat of the Kings of England and has been so for many years Therefore called the King of Englands Chamber It is situate in a rich and plentiful Soil abounding with plenty of all things and on the gentle ascent of an Hill on the North Side of the Thames By whom or when it was first built is now unknown Tacitus saith that in Nero's time about the Year of Christ 66 it was Copia Negotiatorum Commeatu maximè celebre A place of great resort for Commerce and famous for plenty of provisions But London was then near a great Calamity for Boadicia Queen of the Iceni being provoked by the Injuries of the Romans to assemble the Britains fell first upon Camalodunum now Maldon in Essex and taking it by surprize that year put all the Romans to the Sword Petilius Cerealis coming up with the ninth Legion was defeated and all his Foot put to the Sword too the Horse hardly escaping In the Interim Suetonius the Roman Propraetor or Governor who was then conquering the Isle of Anglesey comes up to London and was at first almost resolved to make it the Seat of War but finding reasons to alter this Resolve he marched away to S. Albans so Boadicia who was not far off came up and put all She found in the Town to the Sword and soon after treats S. Albans in the same manner in which three places She destroyed seventy thousand Romans and their Allies This City soon recovered this Blow and was afterward as famous as ever In the Year of Christ 292 it was in danger of being Sack'd by the Franks if an unexpected Arrival of some Roman Forces had not accidentally preserved it even when the Franks were actually in Possession of it Soon after this Constantine the Great is said to have Walled it In 313 we find Restitutus Bishop of London at the Council of Arles in France subscribing after Eborius Bishop of York Bede is very positive that it was then an Archbishops See Mr. Cambden is of opinion it was delivered up to the Saxons under Hengist their first King by Vortigern about the Year of Christ 463. Tho this changed the state of things and ruined Christianity yet London continued in all this Storm a considerable Mart or Sea-Port in 610. S. Paul's Church was built or rather rebuilt and assigned to the Uses of Christianity by Athelbert King of Kent Miletus was made the first Bishop of London after the Conversion of the Saxons in 604 the Metropolitick See being removed by Augustin the Monk then from London to Canterbury About the Year 701 Offa King of the East-Angles enlarged and endowed the Church of Westminster which is since become another City joined to London In the Year 854 this City fell into the Hands of the Danes who Sacked it and Canterbury coming then with a Fleet of two hundred and fifty Ships In 1012
these Barbarians slew the Bishop of London for not paying them their Tribute the Year after Sweno King of the Danes took the City and expelled King Ethelred out of England but this lasted not long In the Year 1016 Canutus the Dane took London and in 1018 was there Crowned King of England In 1042 there was an end put to this Danish Race and Edward the Confessor was Crowned King of England In 1064 this Prince died and Herald usurping upon Edward Atheling the Right Heir William Duke of Normandy entred England slew him and in 1066 was Crowned in London The Fate of London has been much the same with that of England ever since for this Prince in 1078 having built the Tower of London it became the setled Residence of our Kings from that day forward William II. in 1099 Walled the Tower King John in 1210 Granted this City its first Charter and Instituted its Major and Government In 1211 He built London Bridge In 1217 Lewis of France was besieged in London by Henry III. and forced to leave the Land In 1378 John Philpot a Londoner at his own Cost and upon his own Authority put out a Fleet and cleared the Seas of Pyrats In 1381 the Country Clowns rising against the Nobility and one Jack Straw behaving himself insolently towards the King in Smithfield Sir William Wallworth the Lord Major stabbed him and put an end to that Rebellion for which Service the Red Dagger was added as is said to the Arms of London In 1392 that Prince seized their Liberties for resusing to lend him Money In 1567 the Royal Exchange was built by Sir Thomas Gresham In succeeding times it throve to that degree as to have one hundred and thirty three Parishes accounted within its Walls and Suburbs In 1665 a Plague swept away one hundred thousand of her Inhabitants In 1666 a devouring Fire Levelled thirteen thousand of her Houses The Footsteps of which dismal Calamity by the Industry of the Citizens encouraged by their Gracious King Charles II. are not otherwise to be seen but in a more glorious Restauration A great multitude of Provincial and National Councils have been celebrated at London in all times Long. 23. 25. Lat. 51. 34. § Boston in New England is sometimes also called New London London-Derry is a Colony of the English Planted in the County of Colâ—ain in the North of the Province of Vlster in a fruitful Soil and upon Waters that afford it great plenty of Fish of all sorts This in 1612 was made a London Colony some of the Companies in London bearing the Charge of it and one Colonel Dockwray an old experienced Commander of the English being sent with them to command govern and take care of them Being thus happily begun and a great number following the first in a short time it became the most considerable City in Vlster And being as well carefully Fortified and Garrisoned as Peopled in the time of the Irish Massacre it stood so firm for the English that no Force or Fraud of the Irish could expel them The Irish had reduced them to great extremity in 1649 but one Owen Row Oneale in time frustrated their Attempts and relieved the Town when it was just upon the point of being starved into a Complyance See Derry Longford a Town and County in Ireland in the Province of Leinster The County has Connaught on the West Vlster on the North Letrim and Roscomen on the West and Mayo on the South The Town is small and stands upon the North Side of the River Long where it falls into the Lake of Eske Longland an Island in the Baltick taken from the Danes by the Swedes in 1657. Long Meg and her Daughters a Trophy in the County of Cumberland erected at Salkeld on the River Eden It consists of seventy seven Stones each ten foot above ground but the highest is fifteen foot and this by the Inhabitants has the Name given it of Long Meg. Longouy or Longwy a Town in the Duchy of Lorain in the Dukedom of Bar in the Confines of Luxemburg five Leagues from Montmidy to the East and the same distance from Luxemburg to the South lately fortified by the French Longtown a Market Town in the County of Cumberland in Eskdale Ward Longueil a Town in Normandy near Dieppe giving its name to an honorable Family Longueville a Town in the Paix de Cauxe in Normandy which had the honour to be erected from the Title of an Earldom into a Dukedom in 1505. by Lewis XII K. of France Loon Loen Lon Los a River in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Earldom of Loots called by these various Names by the Germans Dutch and French Lopski Lopia a part of Tartary on the East of Moscovy beyond the River Ob which is subject to the Russ but lies in Asia between Siberia and Baida two other Provinces of that vast Empire Loquabre or Lockabre a County in Scotland called by Latin Writers Abria and Loquabria it lies on the West of Scotland towards the Hebrides written by the Scots Loch Quaber and bounded on the North with the Ocean and the County of Ross on the East with Murray and Athole on the South with Perth Menteith and Loune cut off from it by the broad Tay and on the West with the Ocean There are some Castles but never a Town or City of any Note in it Lorain Lotharingia Austrasia is a Dukedom belonging to Germany of late seized by the French King and therefore by Baudrand made a part of France Bounded on the East with Alsatia cut off by the Mountain Vauge Vogesus and the Dukedom of Bipont or Westreich as the Germans call it on the South with the County of Burgundy or the Franche Compté on the West with the River Maes which parts it from Champagne and on the North with Luxemburg Metz Verdun and the Land of Triers This Country is in length about four days Journey in breadth three much overgrown with Woods very Hilly and Mountainous being a part of the once vast Forest of Ardenne It was given by Lotharius the Emperor to his second Son Lotharius and from him took the Name of Lorain or as others write it Lorraigne This happened about the Year 851. Others say it took this Name from the Father and not from the Son about the Year 843 but all agree that from Lotharius this County was called by the Germans Lotreich by the Dutch Lot-reigne i. e. the Kingdom of Lot and from hence of later times by the Germans Lotthiringen by the Inhabitants Lorrain by the French Lorain The first of these Dukes of Lorain was Charles right Heir of the Caroline Line of France but excluded defeated and taken Prisoner by Hugh Capet His Advancement was from Otho II. Emperor of Germany about the Year 981 being the Son of Lewis IV. of France and of Gerbage an Aunt of the said Otho From this Charles the present young Duke of Lorain is Lineally Descended being the thirty fourth
then a Marquisate It now makes a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and is supposed to take its name from the River Morawi Morave or die Mahr Morus or Marus arising near to Altstadt in Bohemia and joyning with the Danube at Haynbourg in Austria being the same River with the precedent Morava The Capital of it is Olmutz and the other principal Towns are Brin Iglaw and Znaim It is a fruitful and pleasant Country extremely well improved Morbiban Morbibanum a large Haven on the North side of the Lesser Bretagne in France seven Leagues from Port Lovis to the East and near Vannes Above thirty small Islands lye in the Gulph of this harbour The Morduates a Province in the North-Eastern Parts of the Empire of Russia towards the River Rha between the Czeremisses to the East and Wolodimera to the West It is a Country of great Extent and made terrible by its vast unpassable Woods and Forests More or Moore an Episcopal City in the County of Mayo in Connaught in Ireland Morea Peloponnesus a celebrated great and fruitful Peninsula of Greece of about five hundred and fifty Miles in circuit It s extent from Corinth in the North-East to Cape Sapienza in the South is one hundred and fifty Miles its breadth from Cape di Schilli to Cape Tornese on the West one hundred and seventy five Containing the Provinces of Romania Sacania Belvedore and Clarentia and the famous Cities of Corinth Coron Clarenza Patras Misitra Nauplia c. It s principal Rivers are the Orfea and the Iris or Basilipotamo Its Mountains Mynthe Stymphalis Pholoe Lyceus c. are mentioned in the Writings of the Ancients This Country was first intirely conquered by the Macedonians after the Death of Alexander the Great then by the Romans under L. Mummius about one hundred and forty six years before the Birth of our Saviour when Corinth the then Capital of this Province was intirely ruined In the later times of the Greek Empire it had Despotes or Princes of its own who were subject to the Emperors of Constantinople the last of which Thomas Palaeologus was driven out of his Dominions by Mahomet II. in 1543. Ever since it has been in the Hands of those Destroyers of Mankind But in 1685 the Venetians began the Reconquest and in 1687 were intirely possessed of it excepting only Malvasia by a wonderful Revolution And in September 1690. they recovered Malvasia also Moret Murittum a Town in the Territory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the River Loing adorned with the title of an Earldom A Synod was held there in 850. Morgaâ— Margus a River of Bactria a Province of Persia which springing from the Mountains of Chorazan and flowing through the Country called by their Name falls into the River Obengir which ends in the Caspian Sea Morin Muera a River of France in the Province of Le Brie which watereth Colomiers Coâ—lumbaria and Cressy then falls into the Marne beneath Meaux this is called the Great Morin to distinguish it from another which falls into the Marne in the same Province beneath La Ferte sous Jovare to the West of Meaux Morini a People of Gallia Antiqua mentioned by Pliny and Virgil. The latter styles them Extremique hominum Morini c. It is supposed with greatest probability that they dwelt in the now Dioceses of S. Omer Boulogne and Ypres Morlaix Morlaeum Mons relaxus a City in the Province of Bretagne upon a River of the same Name which has a Harbor on the North Shore of that Province It stands about two Leagues from the British Sea and forty from Rennes to the West over against Plymouth There is â— Fort built to secure the Passage of the River in an Island of the River The Town stands upon an Hill betwixt two Plains and shows the Ruines of an old Cittadel Mormandes Milmandra a River of France in Le Berry Morpeth a considerable Market and Borough Town in the County of Northumberland upon the River Wensbeck The Capital of its Ward fortified with a Castle returning two Members of Parliament and giving the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Carlisle Mortagne Moritania a small Town in the Territory of Tournaysis in Flanders at the Confluence of the Rivers Escaut and Scarpe towards Valenciennes two or three Leagues from Tournay It has formerly been fortified § Also a large handsome and populous Town in the Vpper Perche in France towards the borders of Normandy upon a Stream which there begins to form the River Huisne This Mortagne is now adorned with a Castle § There is a third of the Name in the Province of Poictou towards the Confines of Bretagne at the reception of the Loing by the River Seâ—â—re Nantoise Mortain Moritonium Moritolium a small Town in Normandy near the River Ardee towards the Confines of La Mayne betwixt Auranches and Domfront which by Henry I. King of England and Duke of Normandy was given with the Title of an Earldom to his Nephew Stephen Blois afterwards in 1135. King of England whose second Son william enjoy'd the same Title in the next Succession But William died without Issue This Town by ancient Custom in publick Processions carries a naked Sword in the place of a Standard Mortanâ— Mortana a River in Lorain Mortara or Mortare Mortaria Pulchra Sylva a strong great populous Town in the Dukedom of Milan upon the River Gogna four Miles from Vigevano to the North-West ten from Novara to the South-East and twenty four from Pavia to the West Anciently called Bella or Pulchra Sylva the Beautiful Wood but upon the great Slaughter of the Lombards by the Forces of Charles the Great when he took Desiderius their King Prisoner in 774 it took the Name of Mortara which signifies Slaughter or Death This Town was taken by the French in 1658. and put under the Duke of Modena In 1660. it was upon a Peace restored back to the Spaniards It is the Capital of the Territory of Lumellina Le Moruan Morundia Morvinus tractus a mountainous Tract or Territory in the Dukedom of Burgundy of small extent and its Limits not well known Mor Verridh the Welsh name of the Irish Sea Mosa the Meuse See Maes Mosambich Mosambica a City of Zanguebar on the Eastern Coast of Africa in an Island near the Continent at the Mouth of a River of the same name which there falls into the Aethiopick Ocean To this City belongs a strong Castle and a safe Harbour all in the Possession of the Portuguese Long. 63. 40. South Lat. 14. â—â— Moscow Moscoua Moschia the Capital of the Empire of Moscovy or Russia called by she Inhabitants Mosqua by the European Strangers Moscow by the Poles Moscouf by the Germans Moscaw One of the greatest Cities in Europe extremely frequented on the score of Trade and the common Residence of the Great Duke or Czar of Moscovy It stands upon a River of the same name which a little more to the East falls into the Occa or
or Wedge containing in length from North to South about forty Miles in breadth where it is the broadest thirty in the whole four hundred and sixty Parishes and only six Market Towns The Air is cold and sharp the Soil barren and rugged but much improved by the Industry of its Inhabitants and chiefly towards the Sea fertile The Bowels of the Earth are full of Coal Mines whence a great part of England â—s supplied with that Fewel The principal Places in â—â— are Newcastle and Berwick George Fitz-Roy a Natural Son of Charles II. was created Duke of Northumberland in 1674. Which Title had been once before enjoyed by John Dudley Earl of Warwick created Duke of Northumberland by K. Edward VI. in 1551. and beheaded by Q. Mary After the death of the said John the Title of Earl of Northumberland returned to the Percies in whose Family as it had heretofore belong'd to them from the Year 1337 when Henry Piercy Lord Constable possessed it under K. Richard II. and was succeeded in it by five of his Name and Family with little interruption so it continued till the Year 1670 when Joceline Piercy died at Turin without Issue Male. North-Curry a Market Town in Somersetshire upon the River Tone and the Capital of its Hundred Northwich a Market Town in Cheshire upon the River Dane which runs into the Weeve the Capital of its Hundred Its Salt-pits render it remarkable Norway Norvegia Nerigon Basilia is a Kingdom of great extent on the North-Western Shoar of Europe called by the Inhabitants Norricke and by Contraction Norke by the Germans Norwegen Heretofore esteemed the Western part of Scandinavia and called Nerigon as Cluverius saith it reaches from the Entrance of the Baltick Sea to almost the North Cape but not of equal breadth On the East a long Ridge of Mountains always covered with Snow called Sevones separate it from Sweden Barren and Rocky or overgrown with vast and unpassable Woods It s length is about one thousand and three hundred English Miles and two hundred and fifty its breadth Divided into five Provinces Aggerhus Bergensus Dronthemhus VVardhus and Bahus The Inhabitants traffick abroad with Dryed Fish Whales Grease and Timber Of the same Religion with the Danes and some of them enclined to Magick like the Laplanders The Glama is the only River in this Kingdom that is sufficient to carry Vessels of great burden In 1646. a discovery was made of a golden Mine near Opslow which was quickly exhausted Bahus was resigned to the King of Sweden in 1658. There depend upon this Kingdom several Islands as Iseland Groenland Spitzberg the Isles of Feroe and those of Orkney the latter whereof were resigned to James VI. of Scotland The principal Cities are Drontheim and Berghen This had Kings of its own from very ancient times but in 1326. it was first united to Denmark in the Person of Magnus III. In 1376. they became so united that they were never since separated Norwich Nordovicum Norvicum is a rich populous neat City in the middle of the County of Norfolk seated at the confluence of the Venster or Vensder and the Yare over which it hath several Bridges This City sprung up out of the Ruins of Venta Icenorum now called Caster in which not many years since was found a vast number of Roman Urns. When or by whom Norwich was built is not known it seems to be a Saxon City it was certainly the Seat of some of the Kings of the East-Angles In its Infancy Sueno a Dane burnt it in 1004. In the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror it was besieged and taken by Famine Herbert Bishop of this Diocese contributed to its growth by removing the Bishops Chair from Thetford hither about 1096. In the seventeenth year of King Stephen's Reign it was refounded and made a Corporation The Castle is thought to have been built in the Reign of Henry II. Taken by the French in the Reign of King John In the Reign of Edward I. it was walled by the Citizens Henry IV. in 1403. granted them a Mayor Afterwards it began to decay till Queen Elizabeth sent the Dutch Stuff Weavers who sled over into England from the cruel Government of the Duke d'Alva hither whereupon it grew very populous and rich There was great need of this supply one Kett a Tanner of VVindham having almost ruined this City about 1548. in the Reign of Edward VI. The present Bishop of Norwich is the seventy first from Bedwinus of Elmham the seventy fifth from Foelix the first Bishop of the East-Angles who began the Bishoprick in 636. Long. 24. 55. Lat. 52. 40. This City being about a Mile and a half in length and half as much in breadth contains twenty Parishes well walled with several Turrets and twelve Gates for Entrance and so pleasantly intermixt with Houses and Trees that it looks like an Orchard and a City within each other It gives the Title of Earl to the Duke of Norfolk whose Palace with that of the Bishop the Cathedral the Hospital c. are the principal Ornaments of its Buildings Noto Netum Nea Nectum Neetum a City of Sicily of great Antiquity and at this time great well inhabited the Capital of the Province called by its name It is incompassed with high Rocks and sleep Valleys being seated on the South side of Iseland Eight Miles from the Sea fifteen from Pachy no to the South-West and twenty five from Syracuse to the South Il Val di Noto Netina Vallis the Province in which the last mentioned City stands is the second Province of Sicily and lies on the South side of the Island On the North it has Il Valle di Demona on the West il Val di Mazara and on the South the African Sea Notteberg Notteburgum a Town in Ingria in Sweden seated on an Island in the Lake Ladoga towards the Confines of Moscovy Called Oreska by the Russ A very strong Town by its Situation yet Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden took it from the Moscovites in 1614. It takes its name from Nutts Nottinghamshire Nottinghamia is bounded on the North and West by Yorkshire on the East by Lincolnshire divided from it by the Trent on the South by Leicestershire on the West by Darbyshire It is in length thirty eight English Miles from North to South in breadth from East to West not above nineteen and in Circuit about an hundred and ten containing 168 Parishes and nine Market Towns The Air is good and pleasing the Soil rich Sand and Clay so that for Corn or Grass it may compare with any County of England it abounds equally with Wood and Coals and is watered with the Rivers Trent and Iddle besides several small Streams This County takes its name from its principal Town Nottingham Rhage a delicate pleasant Town seated on a high Hill full of fine Streets and good Buildings upon the River Line towards the South Borders of this County and about a Mile from the Trent to the West
in the 7th Century the Gospel in divers Places in Switzerland especially in the Territory of Torgaw where having refused an Offer of the Bishoprick of Constance made to him he retired at length to his Solitudes in this place which became the Seat of an Abbey from him enriched since vastly by the Donations of the Kings of France and the Emperors The City stands upon an Eminence not great but well built and much traded for its fine Linnen Works called Galles or Gawse from it Betwixt the Abbey and the City there is a common Gate fastned by the Burgesses on the one side and the Abbot on the other The City antiently did depend in many things upon the Abbey as having received its total rise from it but at present they each enjoy their separate Sovereignties S. Galmier a small Town in the County of Foretz in the Government of Lionnois remarked for a Fountain of Allum-Water there S. Georgio de Mina Arx Sancti Georgii a Castle upon the Coste d'Or in Guinee in Africa betwixt the Cape of three Points and Cape Corso which has a Town built by the Portuguese in 1481 and a large and safe Port or Haven within a few years past taken by the Dutch S. Germain on Laye Fanum Sancti Germani in Laya a Town and Royal Castle in the Isle of France seated upon an high Hill by the Seine having two magnificent Palaces one new of the foundation of Henry le Grand the other ancient built by Charles V continued under the English in the time of their French Conquests and repaired by Francis I. King of France whither the Kings of France frequently retire The Court of K. James II. of England and Qu. Mary his Consort is kept here It is four Leagues from Paris to the West Henry II. King of France was born here in 1518. Charles IX in 1550. Lewis XIV now King of France in 1638 who has added divers great Ornaments to i◠And it is no less famous for a Peaco made here in 1679 between the Kings of France and Sweden and the Elector of Brandenburgh S. Germain Lembrum a small City in Auvergne near the River Allier in the Tract de Lembrun two Leagues from Issoire eight from Clermont to the South and the same from S. Flour to the North-East S. Germains a Corporation in the County of Cornwal in East Hundred represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons S. Gewer S. Gower Fanum Sancti Goari a Town upon the Rhine in the County of Catzenellobogen in the Borders of the Bishoprick of Trier four Miles above Coblentz to the South which belongs to the Landgrave of Hassia Rhinefeld S. Gilles a Town in the Lower Languedoc in France one League from the Rhosne betwixt Beaucaire and Arles upon a Rivulet In Latin Fanum Sancti Aegidii and Palatium Gothorum in some Authors It has been taken for the Anatolia of Pliny and likewise for the Heraclea of the same Pliny and Antoninus The Huguenots gave the Roman Catholicks a Defeat near it in 1562. S. Gothard Adula the highest part of the Alpes between the Switzers and the Dukedom of Milan The French call it S. Godard § Also an Abbey of the Lower Hungary upon the River Raab and the Frontiers of Stiria two Miles from Kerment betwixt which and Kerment the Turks receiv'd a bloody Defeat in 1664. S. Hubert a City and Bishoprick in the Dukedom of Luxembourgh S. Jago a City of Africa in an Island of the same Name well fortified and made a Bishops See by the Portuguese under whom it is taken and plundered by Sir Francis Drake in 1585. This is one of the Islands of Cape Verde About forty five Leagues long ten broad and ninety five or a hundred in Circumference It produces great quantities of Salt S. Jago a City on the South Shoar of the Isle of Cuba which has a safe Port and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Domingo S. Jago de Compostella See Compostella S. Jago de Chili Fanum Sancti Jacobi a City in South America at the foot of the Mountain Andes built by the Spaniards by the River Maipus fifteen Leagues from the South Sea Made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of la Plata It is the Capital of the Kingdom of Chili S. Jago del Estero the capital City of Tucumania a Country in South America seated upon the River Estero a hundred and seventy Leagues from Potosi which is a Bishop's See under the Dominion of the Spaniards S. Jago de Guatimala a City of New Spain in North America which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico S. Jean de Angely or D'Angery Angeracum Ageriacum Engeriacum fanum S. Johannis Angeriaci a celebrated Town in Saintonge in France upon the River Boutonne two Leagues from the Borders of Poictou and seven from Saintes to the North. Heretofore very strongly fortified and in 1562. desended against the Huguenots who taking it in a second Attempt encreased its strength by adding more regular Fortifications to it In 156◠it surrendred to Charles IX by a Siege of two Months with his loss of ten thousand Men before it but falling into the hands of the Huguenots again in 1620. Lewis XIII dismantled it in 1621 after he had by sorce of Arms and a Siege taken it from them S. Jean de l'Aune or Losne Fanum S. Johannis Laudonensis Laudona a Town in Burgundy in France upon the Saosne betwixt Auxone and Bellegarde Famous for repulsing an Army of the Imperialists in 1636. S. Jean de Leon a Town in Burgundy upon the Soane S. Jean de Luz Fanum Sancti Johannis Luisii or Luisium a Town of Aquitain in France in the Pais des Basques and the Territory of Labour with a Port upon the Ocean at the Fall of the River Vrdacuri into it two Miles from the Borders of Spain Lewis XIV now King of France was Married in this Town in 1660. S. Jean de Maurienne Fanum Sancti Johannis Mauriensis a very considerable but unwalled open City in Savoy upon the River Arco in the Valley de Maurienne which is a County three Leagues from the Borders of the Dauphiné to the South and ten from Grenoble to the East This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vienne And the Cathedral shews the Tombs of divers of the Dukes of Savoy S. Jean Pie de Port Fanum S Johannis Pede-Portuensis a very strong Town in the Lower Navarr in the Mountains upon the River Nive which falls into the Adoure eight Leagues from Baionne to the South This Town is yet in the Hands of the K. of France as King of Navarr S. Johns Point Isamnium one of the most Eastern Points of Ireland in the Province of Vlster in the County of Downe S. Johnston Fanum Sancti Johannis ad Tavum the same with Perth S. Juan de Puerto Rico Fanum Sancti Johannis de Portu divite a City of North America in an Island of the same Name in the North
Tribe of Ephraim The same which S. John calls Sychar John 4. 5. standing near the Well where our Saviour discoursed the Samaritan Woman It is mentioned in Abraham's time for the place of his abode Gen. 12 6. Afterwards for the Sepulchre of Joseph and the Inheritance of his children Josh 24. 32. For the Election of Rehoboam King of Israel here by all Israel 2 Chron. 10. 1. and upon other Occasions Now called Naplouse Neapolas and New Samaria The High Priest of the present Samaritans resides at it Sicily Sicilia Sicelia Trinacria Sicania Triquetra a very great Island in the Mediterranean Sea at the South West point of Italy Thought by some Ancients to join originally with Italy as part of the continent and to have been separated from it by the stormy Powers of the Ocean It lies in the form of a vast Triangle from whence some of its names are derived having three great Capes Pelorum now Faro to the North-East towards Italy Pachynus now Passaro towards the Morea and the South-East and Lilybaeum now Cape Coco to the West Threehundred and eighty Miles from the Morea one hundred from Africa one hundred and seventy from Sardinia and from Italy a Mile and a half It s North side is two hundred fifty five Miles its Southern one hundred and ninety and the Western one hundred fifty five as Cluverius saith who measured the whole Island It is now divided into three Counties Val di Domoni to the North Val di Noto to the South and Val di Mazara to the West The ancient Cities of greatest power were Syracusa now Syragosa Panormus Palermo Messina and Messana of which the two last retain their former Dignity The other Cities are Gergenti Calatagirone Catania Cefalu Trapano Mazara Monreal Noto Patti Sacca and Terra Nova It is wonderfully fruitful as to Corn and Wine therefore called by Cato The Granary of the Common-VVealth and Nurse of the People of Rome Abounds also with Cattle Sheep Honey Wine and Oyl In ancient times it had seventy three Free Cities in the time of the second Punick War it had sixty six We have only Fabulous accounts who were the first Inhabitants but certainly the Phoenicians have been here and were expelled by the Greeks who not well agreeing amongst themselves drew over the Carthaginians to their common ruine The Romans followed not long after and in the year of Rome 494 two hundred and fifty six years before the birth of our Saviour made themselves Masters of it it being the first Province they possessed out of the Bounds of Italy In the mean time Dionysius Agathocles Hiero and Pericles advanced themselves to an Absolute Tyranny here by the use they made of their Victories It continued under the Romans till the Reign of Justinian then the Vandals under Gensericus in 439. and 440. for some time became Masters of it who were expelled by Bellisarius in 535. Having been miserably spoiled by the Emperor Constans in 669. it fell into the Hands of the Saracens who plundered it as they did several times after and left it Leandro Alberti faith that in the Division of the Empire between Charles the Great and Nicephorus Emperor of the East about 800. Sicily Calabria and Apulia fell to the Emperor of Constantinople and that it continued under them till the times of Nicephorus Thomas However we find the Saracens in 910. after a great Naval Victory became Masters of Calabria Apulia and Sicily Leandro placeth this in 914 and saith the Greeks had part of Sicily still In 1035. the Saracens were still possessed of part of Sicily but as Leander saith they and the Greeks too were expelled by the Normans in the times of Michael Caliphates who reigned but one year about 1041. and 1042 by Gulielmus Ferebatus and not by Tancred as say others To this William succeeded as Counts of Calabria Roger I. by the Pope created King of Sicily he having taken the Pope Prisoner in the year 1139 William II. William III. and Tancred a Bastard opposed by Pope Celestine III who preferred Costanza a Daughter of Roger II. an ancient Lady a Nun and married her to Henry Son of Frederick Barbarossa and made him King of Sicily to whom succeeded Frederick II. his Son Then followed Manfredus his Natural Son but the Pope set up Charles Duke of Anjou against him in 1263. In 1281. upon Easter-day in time of Vespers whence the name came of the Sicilian Vespers the French were all massacred by the Sicilians by the Order of Peter III. King of Arragon who had married the Daughter of Manfred During this Interval this Crown had been offered to Richard Earl of Cornwal Brother to Henry III. King of England and he refused it From thenceforward it became inseparably united to the Kingdom of Naples and has ever since had the same fate to this day being governed by a Vice-Roy who resides at Palermo the present capital City of it Hoffman saith the Saracens were possessed of Palermo had their Admiral or General there from 827. to 1070 when they were finally expelled by the Normans to whom Pope Nicolas granted this Island on that condition in 1058. So that the Normans might perhaps expell the Greeks in 1042. and the Saracens in 1070. The Inhabitants forced the Spaniards in the year 1647. to recall all their Taxes This Island enjoyeth three Archbishops Sees Palermo Messina and Monreale about six or seven Bishops Sees and one University Catania Aetna is a known Mountain here Sicyon an ancient ruined City of the Peloponnesus of sufficient note in its time The Turks have built Vasilica upon the Ruins of it Sida Side a Maritime City of Pamphylia in the Lesser Asia upon the Mediterranean and the Borders of Isauria Honoured formerly with an Archbishops See In 385. a Council was celebrated at it under Amphilochius Bishop of Iconium Now in a condition of ruine and called diversly Scandalor Candelohora and Chirisonda Sidon See Seyde Sidmouth a Market and Sea-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Budley of good account before its Port was choaked up with Sand. Siena Sena Saena Senae a City of Hetruria in Italy of great antiquity and a Roman Colony Seated in the Borders of the Dukedom of Florence thirty two Miles from that City to the South and an hundred and seven from Rome to the North. This City as Polybius saith in his second Book was built by the Gauls in the year of Rome 396. A. M. 3730. after the taking of Rome by Brennus and from the Senones one of their tribes took this Name In the fall of the Roman Empire it suffered very much from the Barbarous Nations and is said to have been rebuilt by Charles Martel The Inhabitants purchased their freedom of Rodolphus the Emperor and managed the same with various successes till 1555 when it was taken by the Spaniard and sold to the Duke of Florence in 1558. under whom it still is In 1459. it was made an Archbishop's See under Pope
and Brutality here that the Evils of England have been occasioned by nothing more than a false fear taken at their Names His other Character of the People of England is that they are Enemies to Strangers For which I never could learn a better Argument than that of Mons Sorbieres see Dr. Sprats Observations upon the Voyages of Mons Sorbiere because he was rudely called Monsieur and not respected in the quality of Historiographer Royal to the K. of France by the Children and Schoolboys of Dover For long before the reception of the French Protestants the numbers of Strangers at Norwich Canterbury and London were computed to be more than constantly resided at any twenty Cities either of France or Spain or Italy Virtue Merit and Civility in Persons of a Foreign Country like the Commodities imported thence charm the hearts of the English and have a greater value set upon them than the equal products of our own So far are we from being inclined to be Enemies to Strangers that we are ambitious to be Friends to Strangers even till we are Enemies to our selves It is for their benefit that in the Court of Admiralty we constantly retain the use of the Civil Law and have enlarged it with the addition of those admirable Laws of Oleron published by our King Richard I. which have equalized the Fame and Justice as to Marine causes of the ancient Laws of the Rhodians And how very careful both our Common and Statute Laws are in doing the exactest justice in all Pleas betwixt Strangers and Denizens or the King and Strangers I need only appeal to the Inquest of Medietas Linguae given by the Statutes of the 27. and 28. of Edw. III. Another Part of his Disgraces of the People of England is their Pride and Negligence want of Industry and of a Genius to Works and Manufactures occasioned by their relyance upon the fertility of their Country I must observe he joyns their Pride and want of Industry very ill together For if ever they pretend to be proud of any thing it is of the Effects of their Industry and the Works of their Hands Their Plantations in the West-Indies and Commerce thither Their African Levant East-Indian Russia Groenland Hudsons Bay Spanish French Hamborough and Merchant Adventurers Companies for other Foreign Commerce At Home their Inclosures and Tillage the New Rivers of the Fenns the Coal Mines of the North the Lead Mines of Derby and the Tin Mines of Cornwall the Orchards of Hereford and the Plough-lands of other Counties Their Manufactures in Clothes Stuffs Linnen Iron Copper c. The Quantities of their Commodities transported yearly beyond Sea Their Discoveries in the Mechanick Arts and their Perfection in the Learned Their Books in all the Faculties and Sciences upon all sorts of Subjects Their Restauration of London in three years which was supposed to be the Work of an Age Their Ships of Trade and War their Riches their Knowledge their Power by Land and Sea All these as they are the undeniable Demonstrations of a most Ingenious and Industrious People from the meanest to the highest quality so they are justly verified of the English in the view of the World Who notwithstanding insult over no Foreign State neither detract from the Praises of any greater Trade But if they value and caress themselves upon the happy Effects of their Industry it is a Virtuous Pride that is so well grounded When Monsieur Sorbiere travelled into England he could not but take notice of the Convenient form of the Bridge at Rochester for being so contrived that the Mens Hats cannot be blown over it We have altogether as worthy an Observation here of Mons Morery that the Men of Letters in England often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands Whereby I truly with regard both to the English and French Men of Letters am as fully satisfied that the Fancies of particular Persons and sometimes of Nations are unaccountable as when I remember that the sage and noble Egyptians of old and from them the Israelites set such a high value upon Garlick and Onions as to honour them with a place in the number of their Titular Deities For if any English Man of Letters is so addicted to the Weed to write and smoak together yet the Fancy of Monsieur Morery seems no less unaccountable first to employ his Observation upon such trivial and insignificant particulars and next to print them in a Voluminous Work amidst the general Character of one of the most illustrious Kingdoms in the World If all the rest of his Geography had been conformable to this of England there had been no occasion to use him in an unpleasing Labour that hath happened to be obtained from me Particularly as to his own Country he spares no Pains nor Eloquence to adorn it And to be sure he suppresses the ancient Glory of the Atchievments of the Victorious English in France as much as possibly he can Indeed the Interests of the French Crown and the Use that Mons Pompone made sometime Secretary of State to Lewis XIV of the Obligations he laid upon the Author are visible not in that only but in the great care that is taken in rehearsing the Titles Pretences and Dependences of the Crown of France as if they did desire to entitle it to all the Ancient Gallia according as it was bounded in the times of Julius Caesar I have followed him throughout his four Tomes from Place to Place leaving his Adulterinae Meroes the Infinite Trash that is in him as undisturbed as Ashes of the Dead to take what is purely Geographical and Chronological proper and easie and short according to the Quality and Genius of the following Dictionary Which is therefore in this Edition not only enlarged with the Antient Geography and all such other Descriptions of Places as occur in the French Work above what it was possible to contain in the Editions of this Dictionary in lesser Volumes and also with some Improvements made in the Geography of England in the like manner But I have further taken care to supply the Defects of the Descriptions themselves in those Editions with whatever accrued that was really necessary to suggest a more perfect knowledge of each Respective Place The Duodecimo ascribed to Monsieur Du Vall Geographer to the French King and printed the fourth time in English 1681. with the Title of a Geographical Dictionary was rather a Geographical Nomenclature than a Dictionary It was Begun to be made properly into a Dictionary by Mr. Edmund Bohun at the Perswasion and Charge of the Proprietor of the Copy And undoubtedly whatever the Faults of Mr. Bohun's Octavo are yet it will always remain an useful Book and a light Companion as he proposeth for Travellers when such is the Necessity and Pleasure of a piece of this Nature in the hands of all that the very Nomenclature of Du Vall is entertaining still But the advancing of this Work
the first King of the Britains after the Romans forsook them who is here supposed to have been slain and buried Cambden Ambrisi Ambrisius a River in the remotest Aethiopia in the Kingdom of Congo it ariseth in the Mountains near the City of Tinda and falls into the Aethiopick Ocean between Lelunda and the Lose about 5 deg from the Line South Ambroise a small Town at the entrance into Piedmont upon the River Doria Near to it stands the celebrated Abby of L'Ecluse that they say was built by the hands of Angels belonging to the Benedictines and one of the four chief Houses in Europe of that Order Ambroni an antient People of Switzerlandâ— or according to some of Dauphiné in France on the side of Ambrune Marius gave them a bloody Overthrow near the little River Arc in Provence between Aix and S. Maximin in the year of Rome 652. The Marks of this Victory being yet extant upon the Rests of a Pyramid there Ambrune a City in the Dauphinate of France call'd in Latin Ebrodunum It is an Archbishops See small but strong seated upon the River Durance which falls into the Rhosne one League beneath Avignon it lies 23 Leagues North-East of Grenoble and 37 from Liâ—nt Amel a Kingdom of Africa upon the Atlantick Ocean between the Outlets of the River Niger and on the Western side of it Amelant an Island belonging to the Dutch in the German Ocean on the Shoars of Friseland Amelia a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy said to be built 964 years before Perseus It is an independent Bishops See about 6 Miles from Narni The Ameria of the Antients and the birth-place of that Roscius whose Cause is defended by Cicero AMERICA the Fourth Part of the World and greater than the other Three Wholly unknown to us till 1499. when Christopher Columbo or Colono a Genouese first discovered it at the Charges of Ferdinando and Isabella King and Queen of Spain Americus Vespuccio a Florentine seven years after being sent by Emanuel King of Portugal went further and discovered the Continent and from him it has its Name but it is no less frequently call'd the West-Indies It lies in length from North to South under the shape of two vast Peninsula's knit together by the Streights of Panama where the Land is not above 17 Leagues from Sea to Sea On the Western side it has the Pacifick Ocean on the East the Atlantick on the South the Streights of Magellan or Le-Maire but as to the North the Bounds of it are not discoâ—ered by reason of the great Cold and nearness to the Northern Pole Great part of it is under the Spaniards viz. Peru New Spain Terra firma Paragua Chili and many of the Northern and Southern Islands yet divers of the Maritime parts are under the Portugals English French and Hollanders Particularly the English either by being first Occupants or else by Conquest have made themselves Masters of the large Northern Continents adjoining to Hudson's Bay New England Virginia Mary-Land Carolina and of many adjacent Islands and in the more Southern Parts they are possessed of the wealthy Islands of Jamaica Barbadoes Mevis c. Those Natives that live in these parts with the Europeans are much civilized but those that inhabit the Inland Countries retain their antient barbarous Customs This vast Continent is divided into the Southern and Northern Ameica by the Bay of Mexico and the Streights of Panama The Islands which lie about it in both the Oceans are too numerous to be here recounted Amersford a small Town in the State of Vtrecht in Holland upon the River Em under the Dominion of the United States tho once an Imperial City In 1624. it was taken by the Spaniards but soon after retaken by the Dutch and in 1672. it fell into the hands of the French who deserted it two years after It lies about 3 Leagues East of Vtrecht Amersham a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire See Agmundesham Amhara See Amara Amida See Caramit Amiens Samarobrina Samarobriga the chief City of Picardy and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rheims it stands upon the River Somme mid-way in the Road between Calais and Paris about 25 French Miles from each It was a long time the Frontier Town of France surprized by the Spaniards in 1597. but soon after retaken by that Victorious Prince Henry IV. Built by Antonius Pius the Emperour and was call'd at first Samarobriga that is the Bridge upon Samara In the Cathedral Church of Nostre Dame they preserve the Head of S. John Baptist which they say was found by a Gentleman of Picardy at the taking of Constantinople in 1204. as a most extraordinary Relique There is an Historical Treatise of this Head written by the Sieur du Cange The Country l' Amiennois takes it Name from Amiens Amilo Amulus a River in Mauritania mention'd by Pliny Amiterno an antient City in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy and sometime an Episcopal See which has been translated to Aquila It was the Birth place of the Historian Salust The Ruins of a Theatre a Church and a great Tower are yet to be seen Amititan or Amuitan a Lake in New Spain in America Amixoeares an American People of Brasil Ammerze Ammer a great Lake or Marsh in Bavaria in Germany The Ammonites an antient People of Palestine descended from Ammon the Son of Lot in the History of the Old Testament famous for their Wars with Israel who gave them several great Defeats under Jephtha Saul Joab Joatham and Judas Macchabeus § Also another antient People of Libya in Africa who lived toward the Temple of Jupiter Ammon Amond Almon a River in the County of Lothain in Scotland It falls into Edenburg Fyrth Amone or Lamone a River arising at the foot of the Apennines in Italy and passing by Faenza to fall into the Po near Ravenna Amorbach Amorbachium a Town of Franconia in Germany upon the River Muldt under the Elector of Mentz Amorium an antient City of Phrygia in Asia Minor and sometime an Archiepiscopal See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Taken and burnt by the Saracens in 840. The Amorites an antient People of Palestine descended from Canaan who with their two Kings Sehon and Og were vanquish'd by the Israelites and their Country distributed amongst the Tribes of Ruben Gad and Manasseh Ampatres an Indian People in the Island of Madagascar Ampelusia Ampelos a Cape upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Mauritania Tingitana now call'd Cape Esparto § Also a Town and Cape in Macedonia call'd now Capo Canistro § And a Cape in Crete now call'd Capo Sagro Amphaxe a small Town upon the Gulph of Contessa in Macedonia It did antiently give Name to the Country Amphaxites Amphipolis See Emboli Amphryse a River in Thessalia § Another in Phrygia in Asia Minor and a Town in Phocis Ampthill a Market-Town in Bedfordshire The Earl of Alesbury has a noble Seat here Ampurdan a Country of Catalonia its capital City was the
that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants called Bermudas from the Spanish and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer Bermet a City of the hither East-Indies supposed by Castaldus to be the Barbari of Arrian Bern Berna a great and well built City of Switzerland which has its name from a Bear and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust a Town of Schwaben and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern which is one of the largest Cantons and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg They suffered much also from Albertus who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South 4 from Freiburg to the North and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry handsom Towns good Castles and Villages that you may compare it almost to one continued City and as for the Civil Government of it it is managed by two Councils of Senators under a Chief whom they call in French an Avoyer in German Schaltesch which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards See Doctor Burnett's Letters Bernards Castle a Market-Town in Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon the River Tees which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons Bernbourg a small City in Germany in the Upper Saxony in the Principality of Anhalt upon the River Saaldar Sala 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South and as many from Dessaw to the West It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle Bernich Berenice a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny but called Hesperia by Mela one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis between the Promontory Boreum now il Capo di Teiones upon the greater Syrtis and the City of Arsinoe to the East It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy the third King of Egypt as Solinus saith Bernstadt Bernardi Vrbs a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw Beroa Berrhaea believed to be the modern Aleppo was a famous City amongst the Antients reedified by Seleucus Nicanor and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch See Aleppo § Also an antient Town in Macedonia near the River Lydius Berry Bituricensis Provincia Bituriges a Dukedom in France bounded on the North by Sologne on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone on the West by Poictou and part of Tourein and on the South by Limosin The Principal City of this Province is Bourges divided into 2 parts by the River Chur a rich fruitful and populous Province The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome for from the Conquests by them made proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina See Gallia Bersheba or Beerseba an antient City of Palestine by the way of Gaza to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon Josh 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc Some take it to be the same now with Gibel Bertinoro Bretinorium Petra Honorii a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli It s Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco S. Bertrand de Cominges Convenae seu Lugdunum Convenarum a City of France at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Garonne in the Earldom de Cominge which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West Berwald a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden and the Princes of Germany Berwick Burcovicum Bervicium Teusis a Town in Northumberland situated upon the North side of the River Twede the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England and saith Camden the strongest hold in all Britain It stands upon a Promontory so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland as a Pledge for his Ransom being then a Prisoner in England restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony Edward I. in 1297. retook it After this it was won and lost divers times till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England The English Princes have fortified it but especially Queen Elizabeth who Walled it anew within the old Wall and added Out-works after the later Modes by which it was made incredibly strong Henry II. built the Castle and other of our Princes the outward Wall so that all its Works are owing to the English After a long Peace in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it and quitted it Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son Duke of Berwick Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the
it afterwards in 1544. and kept it all his Life Edward the VI. in the Disorders of his Minority sold or surrendred it to the French again for a much less sum of Money than it cost the Crown of England to gain it The Bishop's See was translated hither from Tournay when the English took that City It lies in Longitude 22. 42. Latitude 50. 30. § Also a small Town in the Province of Gascoigne near the River Gers upon the borders of Bigorre Le Boulenois or the County belonging to Bologne lies in the North part of the Province of Picardy bounded on the West by the British Sea on the North by the County of Guisnes on the East by Artois and on the South by the County of Ponthieu from which last it is separated by the River Canche This County was once an Earldom of it self during which time it gave one King to England and another to Jerusalem Godfrey III. was the latter and King Stephen of England the other it continued so till Bertrand de la Tour the last Earl of it in 1477. sold it to Lewis XI of France who with mighty Ceremony did homage to the Virgin Mary and made her some Promises which his Successors never thought of keeping as may be seen in Dr. Heyli's Cosmography The Bolognese a Territory adjacent to the City of Bologna in Italy generally epitheted la Grassa from its Fruitfulness Dove si legano le vigne con salsâ—ccie where the Vines are tied up with Sausages says the Proverb Bolsena Volsinium a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy which was the seat of a Bishop untill the Translation thereof to Orvieto It gives Name to the Lake Bolsena in which the Island of Matana stands where the Queen Amalazonte was put to death by the ungrateful Theodatus Bolsover a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale The Duke of Newcastle has a Seat here Bolswert or Boleswart a Town in West-Friâ—sland in the Earldom of Holland about 3 Leagues from Leeu Warden Bolton a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Salford with the Title of a Duke of late to the Lord Marquess of Winchester Bolzano a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy under the Republick of Venice upon the River Adige Others place it in the Trentine and say it is a very Trading Place Bombon a Province of Peru in the West-Indies towards the River Xauxa Bommel Bommelia an Island beautified with a fair Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland The Town stands upon the River Maes two German Miles from Boislâ—duc towards Vtrecht and belongs properly as a Fee to the Dutchy of Brabant in the Confines of which it is but it is under the Vnited Provinces In 1672 it was taken by the French and deserted the next year after they had dismantled it The Island in which it stands is about thirteen Miles in length and lies between the Wael to the North and the Maes to the South call'd by the Dutch Bommelweert Some take it for the Insula Batavorum of Cesar Bon Bonna Ara Vbiorum and Verona Bonne is one of the principal Cities of the Bisho rick of Cologne and the usual Seat of that Elector upon the Rhine four German Miles from Cologne It was first a Roman Colony called Colonia Julia Bonna and frequently mention'd in the ancient Historians on that Account In the middle Ages it became a Free Imperial City Frederick of Austria was here elected and Crowned in 1314. against Lewis of Bavaria In 942. here was a Synod held In 1588. the Duke of Parma took it by Famine In 1673. the Prince of Orange took it from the French who had surprised it the year before and restored it to the Empire it has for a long time been exempted from the Empire and possessed by the Electors of Cologne Accordingly the Cardinal of Furstemburg in pursuance of his Election to the Archbishoprick of Cologne Jul. 19. 1688. took possession of it whose Pretences on the one side being justified by the King of France and on the other being opposed both by the Emperor and the Pope produc'd the general War that now flames among the European Princes And though Bonne in this Conjuncture was strongly inforced for its Security with a French Garrison yet after about a Months Siege by the Elector of Brandenburg with the Forces of the Allies under his Command it was obliged to surrender to them Octob. 12. 1689. This Town lies in Long. 28. 40. Lat. 50. 42. § Bonne Hippo a City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa upon the Mediterranean famous for it's being an Episcopal See heretofore in the Person of the Great S. Austin Hippo was quite destroy'd by the Caliphr in 651. This of Bonne was built near its Ruines and call'd by the Arabians Beled-el-Vgneb by the Christians Bonne as being the best and fruitfulest Country in Barbary The K. of Tunis built it a Castle in the year 1500. Charles V. Emperor destroy'd all its Fortifications in 1535. The Turks have since repaired it and it is provided with a little Port. § Also a Town in the Province of Fossigni in the Dukedom of Savoy upon the Rivulet of Menoy or Monole 3 or 4 Leagues from Geneva supposed to be the ancient Banta Bonaire one of the Leeward Islands of America which has its name from the Goodness of the Air. Taken from the Dutch by the Buccaniers in 1686. in 12 d. of Lat. Bonconvento a small Town in the Province of Tuscano in Italy upon the River Ombrone near Siena It was here that the Emperor Henry VII was poysoned in 1313. Boncourt a Village upon the River Eure in the Diocese of Eureux in the Province of Normandy in France Strangely consumed by an unaccountable Wild-fire in the 4 years preceding 1670. Boni a Town upon the Loire between Nevers and Orleans the ancient residence of the Knights of S. Lazarus an Order now abolished in France and incorporated with that of S. Maurice in Savoy Bonifacio a City in the Island of Corsica which has a Port belonging to it Thought to be the Palla of Ptolemy It is well built and traded and secured by one of the best Fortresses in Europe The Streights betwixt the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia receive the Name of le Bocche di Bonifacio from hence which Geographers conclude to be the same with the Fretum Taphros of Pliny the Fretum Etruscum of Ptolemy and the Sinus Sardonius of Eustatius They are sometimes also called le bocche di Beixonnere Bonneval a Town in the Province of Beauce upon the Loyre in France 6 Leagues from Chartres and 3 from Chasteau dun Boâ—h its Name and Rise is come from a great Abbey of the Benedictines here Bonneville Bonopolis the Capital Town of the Province of Fossigni in Savoy about 5 Leagues from Annecy and Geneva upon the River Arve at the Foot of the Mountains and at present but little considerable Bononia in Italian
into all parts of America and most other parts of the World tho no where nam'd before the Year 1063. Robert Bishop of Constance a Seditious Man first Wall'd it in the Reign of William Rufus against that King It has a Stone Bridge with Houses built on both sides of it over the River And also a Castle in which King Stephen was kept a Prisoner some time after he had in vain besieg'd it The Bishops See was Founded by Henry VIII and made Suffragan to the Archbishop of Canterbury In the beginning of the Rebellions against Charles I. it sided with the Parliament and was on that account besieg'd by Prince Rupert July 24. 1643. who took it in two days under whom it continued till September 10. 1645. when it was surrendred to Fairfax the Parliaments General It was preserved from falling into the hands of the late Duke of Monmouth by the Vigilance of the Duke of Beaufort who was Lord Lieutenant of this City and its County Britain See England New Britain a Country in the Northern America between Hudson's Bay and New France discover'd nam'd and possess'd by the English Formerly call'd Estoiteland See Estoiteland British Sea Mare Britannicum by the French call'd la Manche is the known Sea betwixt England and France Extending according to Pomponius Mela to the Islands of Sain and Osismiens that is to the Diocese of Treguier in Bretagne Brive-la-Gaillarde Briva Curretia a Town in the Province of Limosin in France upon the River Coureze 2 or 3 Leagues from Tulles Gombaud Ballomer natural Son to Clotaire I. King of France was here Crown'd after the death of Chilperick I. Not a large Place but situated to its commendation Brixen Brixinio an Episcopal City in the County of Tirol in Germany under the Archbishop of Saltzburg Heretofore a Free Imperial City but now exempted It lies at the Foot of the Mountain Bruneck upon the River Eysach where it receives another River call'd the Riencz not far from Siben a ruin'd City out of which it sprang It lies not above 2 Miles from the Confines of the Dominions of the State of Venice and 13 from Trent In the year 1080. the Emperour Henry IV. presided over a Council here of 30 Bishops of his Party who all subscribing to his resentments of the Excommunication and Degradation pronounced against him by Pope Gregory VII deposed the said Pope elected Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna who took the Name of Clement III. to succeed him in the Chair of Rome and Voted that the Emperour should carry his Arms into Italy to put their Decrees in execution Brocalo a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa Brockersberg a Mountain between Thuringen and Franconia Brockmerlandt a Territory in Friseland Brod a small Town in Bosnia upon the Save famous for the Victory which Prince Louis of Baden obtain'd near it over the Bassa of Bosnia Sept. 5. 1688. whereby the Turks pro illa vice lost that whole Country Broitzchia a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies 12 Leagues from Surate under the great Mogul Bromley a Market-Town in Kent in Sutton Lath upon the River Ravensburn Here there is a College for 20 Clergymen's poor Widows founded by Dr. Warner The Seat of the Bishop of Rochester stands by it Bromley Abbots a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill Bromes-Grove a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Halfshire upon the Banks of the River Salwarp Bromyard a Market-Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Brocash Bronchorst a Town in the Province of Guelderland upon the Issel very near Zutphen It gives the Title of an Earl Bronsbroo Bronsbroa a Town of the Kingdom of Sweden in the Province of Ostrogothia where the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark held a Treaty of Peace in the Year 1645. Brough a Market-Town in VVestmorland in East Ward Broughton a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale Brouage one of the fairest and strongest Forts in all France in Xaintonge not far from Burdeaux Brower a Name given by Brower a Dutchman to the Streights discovered by him in 1643. towards the Island of Statenland in the Sea of Magellan in America Browershaven a Town and Port in the Island of Schowen in Zeland â— Leagues from Ziriczee Rich and Populous Bruca Pantagia a River of Sicily Brucomat Brucomagus a Town in Alsatia Bruges Bruga a City in Flanders call'd by the Dutch Brugg which was made a Bishops See by Paul IV. under the Archbishop of Mechlin a large beautiful well traded Town and has its name from the multitude of Bridges in it being seated on a knot of Dikes 8 Miles from Gant to the West and 3 from Ostend to the East This is under the Spaniards and is one of the best they have left being 4 Miles in Circuit wonderfully well Peopled and once exceeding rich They reckon 60 handsom Churches in it Brugneto Brunetum a City in the State of Genoua which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Genoua at the Foot of the Apennine 50 Miles from Genoua to the East of little compass thinly inhabited and ill built Bruno Prilis a Lake and small River in the Territories belonging to Siena once a Commonwealth in Italy now a part of the Dukedom of Florence 8 Miles from the City of Grosseto to the South-West Brunsberg Brunsberga is a Royal City belonging to the Kingdom of Poland in Prusia but some years since mortgag'd to the Duke of Brandenburg seated upon the great Bay call'd Frish Haff on the West side of the River Passerg 8 Miles from Margenberg to the East and the same distance from Koningsperg to the West Brunsbuttel a small Town in the Dukedom of Holstein in Germany towards the Mouth of the Elb under the King of Denmark 2 or 3 Leagues from Glukstat Brunswick Brunopolis Brunonis Vicus is a City and Dukedom in Germany the Dukedom is a part of the Dukedom of Saxony bounded on the East with the Earldom of Mansfield on the West with Westphalia on the North with Lunenburgh and on the South with Hassia This Dukedom takes its name from Brunswick the principal City in it which lies upon the River Onacra and was a Free Imperial City or Hanse Town the Metropolis of the antient Saxony a rich strong populous City or rather five Cities under one Law and within one Wall which is 8 English Miles in compass built by Bruno Duke of Saxony in 861. and from him it had its name It fell into the hands of the Duke in 1671. and is now under their Dominion it has a Castle lately built and well fortified since which time it is much decay'd This City embrac'd the Reformation in 1522. and Professeth the Augustan Confession as all the rest of that Dukedom doth It lies 20 Miles from Hamburg to the North upon the River Oker Brussel Bruxella the chief City and Seat of the antient Dukes of Brabant and after that of the Dukes of Burgundy as it is at this day the
the Hundred of Lesnewth Camerino Camerinum an Episcopal City in the Marca Anconitana in the Dominions of the Church Seated at the foot of the Apennine upon the River Chiento which entereth the Adriatick Sea 25 Miles South of Ancona This was a considerable place in the time of the antient Romans and has sometime since born the Title of a Dukedom Leander gives it a strong Situation and plenty of People which last is rarely found in these Italian inland Cities He says also there was another Town of this Name in Campagnia di Roma which they call now Camerota It lies 24 Miles East of Spoleto Long. 36. 43. Lat. 42. 47. Camin Caminum a small City in the further Pomerania which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnisen whereas heretofore it belonged to Magdeburg It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Diwenow Odera over against the Island of Wolinsche not above a Mile from the Baltick Sea and about 7 from Stetin to the North. This belongs to the Duke of Brandenburgh by the Treaty of Westphalia and has imbraced the Augustan Confession Long. 39. 30. Lat. 54 12. Caminiec See Kaminieck Campagnano Campaniano Acheron a River of the Province of Calabria flowing from the Apennine and falling into the Tyrrhenian Sea about 8 Miles South of Amantea over against Stromboli a flaming Mountain in an Island of that Name Campagna a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Principato which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Conza with the Title of a Marquisate It stands between the Rivers of Atro and Tuza 16 Miles from Salerno to the East and 11 from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the East also Campagnia di Roma a Province of Italy under the Dominion of the Pope on the West it has S. Peters Patrimony on the North Sabina on the South the Mediterranean Sea and on the East the Kingdom of Naples Rome itself stands in this Province and it contains the far greatest part of the antient Latium the inland parts are fruitful and populous those towards the Sea are little inhabited by reason of the unwholsomness of the Air tho otherwise the Country is plain and fruitful enough Campanir Astacapra a City of the hither East-Indies Campden a Market-Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Kistgate the Earl of Gainesborough Viscount Campden has a Seat here Campen Campania a Town in Stiria § There is another of the same Name in Over-Yssel in the Low Countries upon the Western Banks of the Yssel near the Zuider Zee 5 Miles from Daventer to the North-East It was heretofore an Imperial free City but long since exempted and under the States General In 1672. taken by the French and the year following deserted It is a great lovely and important place and was the Birthplace of Albertus Pighius a very learned Man Long. 27. 14. Lat. 52. 42. Campiano a small Town in the State of the Valley of Taro in Italy near the River Taro. It is an important Pass and therefore carefully fortified by the Duke of Parma Campeach a City belonging to the Spaniards in the West-Indies taken by Captain Mynnes an English Man in 1662 being deserted by the Inhabitants The English took here 50 peices of Canon 14 Ships and the Governor Prisoner Campus Piorum a celebrated place in the Island of Sicily near Catania so called from the 2 Brothers Amphinomus and Anapus that carried their Father and Mother upon their Shoulders hither out of the flames of Aetna Val. Max. Cana a Town in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee in the Holy Land heretofore famous for the first Miracle of our Saviours operation on Earth at the Marriage of Simon Zelotes according to Nâ—cephorus Calixtus or of S. John the Evangelist according to others Now a poor Village inhabited by none but Turks For the Church which Helena the Mother of Constantine built in the place of that House where our Saviour celebrated the Marriage has been long since converted into a Mosque Nathanael was an Inhabitant of this Town Canada New France a large Country in the North America discovered first by the French and by them inhabited It lies North of new-New-England Quebec is the chief Colony of it The Savages speak different Languages and here as in other parts of America they have a custom to eat their Enemies taken in War a fate that particularly befel John Verrazan a Florentine who first took possession of this Country in the name of Francis I. King of France in 1525. There is a very great River of the same Country already known to run 500 Leagues full of large Islands and about 30 Leagues broad at the mouth called Canada by the Natives by the French S. Lawrence from their entrance into it upon that day The Saguenay and the Three Rivers fall into its Channel from the North. Cananor a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies abutting upon the River Gangerocora 25 Leagues in length along the Coast with a City of the same Name sometime since taken by the Hollanders The Islands of Divandurou and Malicut amongst the Maldives are subject to this King Canara a Kingdom on this side the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar separated from the Kingdom of Malabar to the South by the River Gangerocora and from that of Cuncan to the North by the River Aliga It is Tributary to the Great Mogul by some called Tulamar and at perpetual Enmity with the Kingdom of Malabar Canary Isles Canariae are 7 Islands over against the Coast of Lybia Interior so called from Canaria the principal of the number in which the Spanish Governor resides being about 20 Leagues in circuit and ennobled with a large handsom populous City of the same Name which is an Episcopal See These were called by the Antients the Fortunate Islands in general but their particular Names are Canaria Teneriff the Isle of Palmes the Isle of Iron Fuerte-Ventura Gomera and Lancelote and because a great number of Dogs was found in them in antient times therefore says Pliny they had all the Name of the Canaries In one of these the first Meridian is usually fixed viz. Teneriff They are are much frequented for their excellent Wines and Merchandises by the English and other Nations After the knowledg of them had been lost for many Ages they were first discovered again in 1330. Vid. Azores About the year 1344. Lewis de la Cerda Grandson to Alphonsus X. King of Castile and Earl of Clermont undertaking the Conquest of them thereby to introduce the Christian Faith was Crowned King of the Canaries by Pope Clement VI. He in his design failing they were afterwards granted to John Betancourt according as it is already remarked under the Word Azores Canathus a Fountain in the Morea in the Province of Napoli di Romania celebrated by the antient Poets for a Fiction of Juno's washing herself every year therein to
Jupiter the other to Venus heretofore are yet visible upon it England Anglia called by the French Angleterre by the Italians Inghilterra by the Germans Engel-landt by the Spaniards Inglaterra is the greatest the most Southern and the best Part of the Island of Great Britain called heretofore Albion Britannica and Britannia Which noble Island is divided into three Parts England Wales and Scotland England has Scotland on the North the Irish Sea in part and Wales in part and then the Irish Sea again on the West the British Sea on the South and the German Sea on the East Between 17. and 22. Deg. of Long. between 50. and 57. of N. Lat. It lies together with Wales in the Form of a great Triangle whereof the Southern Shoar is the Base and Berwick the opposite Angle from whence to the Lands End it is accounted three hundred eighty six Miles Long and two hundred seventy nine Broad containing in that Compass about thirty Millions of Acres of Land It was divided by the Romans into five Parts by the Saxons into seven Kingdoms and now into forty one Shires or Counties In which the Parishes amount to about ten thousand The Air is very Temperate both in Winter and Summer being warmed in the one and cooled in the other by the Sea-Vapors the Soil for the most part very fruitful watered with three hundred twenty five Rivers The Inhabitants Valiant and Industrious And as Nature has given it whatever is absolutely necessary to the Life of Man so the Natives by their Trade and Commerce bring in from abroad what may be had throughout the World for Convenience Delight Magnificence and Ornament It has also the best Government and the best constituted Religion of any Nation in the World and as much Learning Civility Arts and Trade as any other Our Fleets excel at Sea our Foot at Land those of all other Nations In short we want nothing to make us happy but Gratitude to God and Union amongst our selves This Island became first known to the Romans about fifty years before the Birth of Christ Julius Caesar entered it with a Fleet in the Year of the World 3895. and renewed his Attempt the year following but the Civil Wars breaking out between him and Pomper the Romans made little Progress here though they kept their Ground till the Reign of Claudius who entered Britain in Person and staying not long his General Aulus Plautius carried on the War so that he took in the greatest part of this Island now called England and under him Vespasian learned the Art of War Didius Avitus succeeded as General and Nero as Emperor under whom the Romans were in great Danger of an utter Extirpation from the Britains But this Storm blowing over they conquered all they cared for as far the Fyrths of Galloway and Edinburgh in Scotland only their ordinary and standing Bounds were between Newcastle and Carlisle They continued their Possession till the year of Christ 433. and then withdrew to desend their nearer Dominions on the Continent against the prevailing barbarous Northern Nations In 449. the Saxons were called in to help the Britains against the Picts those Nations that had never been subject to the Romans in the North of Britain In 455. Hengist their General set up the Kingdom of Kent and began the Conquest of the British By the year 819. the Heptarchy or seven Kingdoms of the Saxons united in one under Egbert King of the West-Saxons which Union received its utmost Perfection under Alfrid about 873. The Danes who had given Occasion to this Union pursuing their Depredations at last conquered the Saxons in 1018. and set up Sweno a Prince of their own In 1042. Edward the Confessor restored the Saxon Line which was broken by William the Conqueror in 1066. But the Blood was again restored by Henry II. in 1155. Edward I. united Wales in 1246. K. Henry II. began and K. John finished the Conquest of Ireland about the Year 1184. in the Reign of Richard I. his Brother In the year 1602. James I. K. of Scotland succeeding Qu Elizabeth of Blessed Memory united Scotland to England And the great Rebellion in 1640. ended in 1660. by the Restitution of Charles the Merciful and Just Yet the Miseries that brought it in the Calamities that attended it and the Judgments that have followed it may be eternal Monitors to English Men to be Loyal to the King and stedfast to the Church Engur Astelfus a River of Asia which springeth from Mount Caucasus and watering Mengrelia falls into the Euxine or Black Sea between Charus and Hippus Twenty Miles North of Chobus another River of the same Country Engury Ancyra a City of Galatia in the Lesser Asia upon the River Parthenius now Sangari which falls into the Black Sea at Cangary This was the Metropolis of Galatia yet seated in the Confines of Paphlagonia on an advanced Ground And made Famous by a Council here held in 314. and another in 357. Called by the Turks Enguri Engouri Angouri or Anguri fifty Miles to the East from Scutari and sixty from Smyrna to the N. East It is now considerable and the Capital of one of the Turkish Provinces in Asia Mithridates the Famous King of Pontus was overthrown by Pompey near this City-Bajazet the Turk in the year 1403. was in the same Place taken Prisoner by Tamerlane the Scythian Conqueror Long. 62. 10. Lat. 42. 30. Enham Aenhamum a Town in the County of Southampton in the Hundred of Andover Of Note for a Council here congregated of the Bishops of both the Provinces in the Year 1009. under the Reign of King Ethelred Enkoping Enecopia a Town in the Province of Vplandia in the Kingdom of Sweden near the Lake Meler five or six Leagues from Vpsal Enna an ancient City standing heretofore in the Center of the Island of Sicily and Famous both for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres Ennea and for the excellentest Springs in all the Island which are applauded by Cicero and Diodorus The Bellum Servile of Sicily was raised by Syrus Ennus of this Place and ended with the Reduction of this Place also under the Conduct of Pimperna Eno Aenos a City of Thrace called by the Turks Ygnos by the Greeks Eno. It stands on the Archipelago at the Mouth of the River Hebrus now Mariza which runs a little South of Adrianople and here falls into the Sea over against the Isle of Samandrachi forty Miles from the new Dardanels to the North and sixty five English Miles from Adrianople South Is now a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Enrichemont See Boisbelle Ens Claudivium Claudionum Anisus is both a River and a City of Austria the River riseth in the Bishoprick of Saluburgh near Rachstad and running North-East as far as Newmarckt it takes in that of Celstal North-West it meets the Steyr at Steyr Castle and there it turns to the North and washeth the East Side of the City of Ens half a German
frequented by reason the three Provinces of Nanking Huquang and Kiangsi abutt upon it A strong Garrison is kept in its Fort Haymuen commanding the Lake of Poyang and the River Kiang Ganna the Caspian Sea Gannat Gannatum Gannapum a Town in the Dukedom of Bourbon in France towards the borders of Auvergne upon a small River falling soon after into the Allier Gaoga Kauga or Guoga a City and Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa between the Tract of Nubia and the Kingdom of Borno This Kingdom about two hundred years ago was erected by the prosperous Villany of a Negroe Slave before which it was little better than a Desart Now inhabited by Christians Mahometans and Pagans Betwixt 40 and 50 deg of Long. Lat. 20. 12. Gaoxa an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Quantung in China Gap Vapingum Appencensium or Vapincensium Vrbs a City of the Dauphinate in France which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aix it stands in the Confines of this Principality towards Savoy two Miles from the Isere twenty two from Aix and six from Embrun to the West It is reasonably great and defended by a Castle yet often taken and retaken by the Rom. Catholicks and the Huguenotts in the Wars of the last Century Farellus sowed his Opinions here The Bishops enjoy the Title of Earls It is the Capital of the Territory of Gapensois and did heretofore belong to the Counts of Forcalquier Garamal Garamantes a People of Libya Interior or Gaetulia in Africa about the Eastern part of the Desart of Zaara and the Western of Nubia of the Generation of the antient Garamantes who dwelt in the same place Their chief Settlement is called after themselves Garama Garanne Varenna an Island in the Bay of Aquitaine Garbe Isburus a small River on the South of Sicily Gard. See Pont du Gard. Garda See Gardsee Garde a City of Greenland deserted and ruined two hundred years ago It had been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Drontheim in Norway and stood to the Ocean Gardeleben a small Town in the old Marquisate of Brandenburg upon the River Meld seven Miles from Magdeburg to the North. Gardicht a Town in the Morea towards the Gulph of Lepanto supposed to be the antient Cliter Gardon Nardo Vardo a River of Languedoc springing from the Mountains of Sevennes and dividing into two Streams The one passing by Alets with the name for distinction of the Gardon d' Alets joyns the other call'd the Gardon d' Anduze at Anduze and afterwards augmented with the Tributes of some small Rivulets they both fall into the Rhine towards Beaucaire Gardsee Benacus a Lake in Lombardy called by the Inhabitants Il Lago di Garda by the Germans Gradzee by the French Grade It lies in the State of Venice between the Territory of Verona to the East and Brixia to the West watering on the North the Earldom of Tirol and from thence is extended to the Castle of Pescara on the South the length of thirty Miles its greatest breadth is ten Miles as I have often seen saith Baudrand though Strabo seems to think otherwise It takes its name from Garda in the Territory of Verona out of it flows the River Menzo Mincius which by Mantoua falls into the Po. And it abounds with Eels and Carps See Benacus Gareligare See Tripoli Garet Gareta a Province in the Kingdom of Fez on the Mediterranean Sea in the Confines of the Kingdom of Argier from which it is separated by the River Mulvia as from the Province of Errif by the River Nocor The Mediterranean bounds it to the North and the Mountains of the Desarts to the South The African Writers have divided it into three parts The first containing the Towns Cities and Territories the second the habitable Mountains the third the Desarts Mellila under the Spaniards Jaffarina Tezota c. are the most considerable places in it Gargan a Mountain in the Province of Apulia in the Kingdom of Naples nigh to Monte-di-san-Angelo mentioned by Pliny Strabo c. and the Roman Martyrology upon May 8. Garigliano Liris a River of Italy which heretofore divided Latium from Campania It ariseth in the further Abruzzo by the Lake of Celano Fucinus above Antina and passing Southward watereth Sora Aquino and Sessa then falls into the Tyrrenian Sea at Trajeto eleven Miles South of Gaieta The Banks of this River were often covered with the French and Spanish Forces in the Wars of the Kingdom of Naples in 1503. Garippo Gallus a River of Asia the Less which springeth from the Coelenian Hills in Phrygia Magna and washing Pessinunta falls into Sangiarus now Sacario and Acada which falls into the Black or Euxine Sea at Cagari Garnesey Garnia Sarnia an Island belonging to the Crown of England on the Coast of Normandy This and Jersey is all that is left us now of the Dukedom of Normandy it is about thirteen Miles long and near as broad where greatest Garonne Garumna called Garona by the Spaniards and Garonna by the Italians is one of the great Rivers of France mentioned by Julius Caesar Also one of the greatest Rivers which springeth from the Pyrenean Hills it ariseth in Arena a Spanish Village in the Borders of the Kingdom of Arragon not far from Salardun and running Westward by Bertrant it turns there North-East by Rieux to Tolouse above which besides Touche from the West and several others it takes in the Ariege from Foix and Pamier on the East then running North at Moissac it is improved with a number of Riverâ— brought in from the East by the Tara here again turning West it passeth by Agen over against which it receives the Giers on the South from Aux and a little further on the same side Biese from Condom and on the North Toninus Treuyre from Cahors and a little further the Drot so leaving Bourdeaux on the South and taking along the Dordonne from the North it makes the vast Bay of Garronne and by the Tower De Cordovan on a small Island passeth with two mouths into the British Seas This River was heretofore the boundary of Aquitaine but now it divides it into two parts Garro Gaurus a Mountain near Naples Garstang A Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Amounderness near the River Wire Gurtempe Vartimpa a small River of France Gartz A Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania in Germany upon the Oder three Leagues from Stetin Formerly well fortified but in 1638 after its being often taken and retaken in the German Wars totally demolished Garza Mela a River in the Territory of Brescia in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy which washeth the Walls of Brescia on the West and then falls into the Oglio at Vstiano which conveys it to the Po at Borgo forte not much above Mantoua Gascoigne Vasconia Novempopulonia a Province in Aquitaine in France The Inhabitants write Guascoigne the Italians Gascogna the Spanish Gascona the English Gascony It lies extended
the East by Hungary Prussia Superior and Poland on the South by the Alpes which part it from Italy on the West by France the Netherlands the German Ocean and Switzerland West-Friseland Guelderland Over-Yssel and Groningen were heretofore parts of Germany which belong now to the Vnited Provinces On the other side Cleves Julters Liege the Bishopricks of Cologn Treves a great part of the Palatinate of the Rhine and Switzerland of old belonged to Gaul and now to France yet are now of right Parts of Germany The French have taken from it Alsatia Switzerland some Ages since is Cantoned into small Common Wealths which do not acknowledge the Emperor of Germany for their Sovereign As for Denmark Poland and Hungary they have their distinct Kings and are by no means Parts of Germany It is in length from the Borders of the Dukedom of Lorrain to those of Hungary an hundred and twenty German Miles in breadth from the Baltick Sea to the Alpes which inclose Friuli an hundred twenty six This vast Tract of Land is usually divided into ten Circles to wit Franconia Bavaria Austria Schwaben sometimes called Suabia the Upper and Lower Circle of the Rhine Westphalia the Upper and Lower Saxony and the Circle of Burgundy but this last has no Vote in the Diet nor contributes any thing to the Charges of the Empire The Emperor of Germany is not only the Head of Germany but the first Prince in Christendom in Rank and Order though not the most powerful This Country is called by the Inhabitants Teutschlandt or Teitschlandt by the French Allemagne by the Spaniards Alemasia by the Italians La Germania or l'Allemagnia by the Dutch Duystlandt by the Poles Nicmieczka by the Hungarians Nemes and by the Greeks Elmagi In ancient times it was extreamly over-grown with Woods and full of uncultivated Marshes There were then no Cities no Arts no Tillage The Inhabitants were much like the Northern Americans Immanes Animis atque Corporibus of great Growth as to their Bodies and very barbarous as to their Minds But great Warriers and the invincible Enemies of the Roman Empire which never could subdue them on the contrary they at last destroyed that vast Empire in the time appointed Julius Caesar was the first of all the Romans who building a Bridge over the Rhine entered this Country yet with no great Success Augustus and Tiberius conquered those Nations of Germany which lay between the Rhine and Italy but about the year of Christ 200. they too shook off the Roman Yoke the rest were always free from it The Rhine and the Danube were the standing Bounds of the Roman Empire beyond which it could rarely keep any thing long That which the Romans could never effect the Francks under Charles the Great brought to pass and subdued Germany This Prince about 801. was made Emperor of France and Germany It continued in his Posterity till 929. when Henry I. a Saxon was elected by the Germans his Family lasted till 1002. when it fell into the House of Bavaria in the Person of Henry II. In 1139. Conrade III. Duke of Schwaben Succeeded and all the Emperors following were of that Family till 1274. After which the Empire for some time had no Head but changed Families as others very frequently till Albert II. Duke of Austria in 1439. fixed it in the House of Austria And all the Emperors ever since have been of that Family Leopold the present being the eleventh from Albert II. which have successively swayed this Scepter This Prince succeeded Ferdinand III. in 1657. Under these Princes Germany is become one of the most Civilized Cultivated Learned Countries in the World full of noble and populous Cities and most flourishing Churches As no Country had suffer'd more than this in the Days of Ignorance so when Learning had once discussed those Mists in the beginning of the XV. Century this was one of the first that threw off the second Yoke and made way for other Nations to do the same Germersheim a small City in the lower Palatinate upon the Rhine in Germany heretofore Free and Imperial till by the Emperor Charles IV. given with all its Dependances to the Prince Elector Palatine The Emperor Rodolphus I. died here in 1290. It is endeavouring to repair the Sufferings which half ruined it of the last German Wars Germian Phrygia Major a Province of the Lesser Asia Also a Mountain there called by the same Name but of old Dindymus Germigny a Village in the Province of Brie in France upon the River Marne where the Bishops of Meaux have a House of Pleasure S. Lewis in 1253. and Philip le bell in 1319. published Ordinances from hence § A second in the Diocese of Orleans near Fleury upon the Loyre at which a French Synod was assembled in 843. Gerne Garryenus See Yare a River of England Geromlea Achelous a River of Epirus which ariseth from Mount Pindus and running Southward falls into the Ionian Sea now written Aspri in our later Maps Gers. See Egers Gertrudenberg See Geertruydenberg Geru Gerun Ogyris Armusia the same with Ormus or at least the Island in which Ormus stands See Ormus and Hoffman Gesara See Krim Tartary Geschisdag a River in Mysia in the Lesser Asia and also the present Turkish Name of Olympus or Maesius a Mountain in the same Province Gest Gedrosia a Province in the East of the Kingdom of Persia next the Moguls Empire By others called Circan Gestie a City in Parthia called in ancient times Suphtha Gestrick Gestricia a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden upon the Botner Sea to the West of which it lies bounded on the North by Singia on the West by Dalecarlia on the South by Vplandia and on the East by the Botner Sea and is only famous for its Mines of Iron Gevals and Copperberg are its most principal Places Gesula Gaetulia a Province of the Kingdom of Marocco in Barbary bounded by the Provinces of Darha to the East Marocco to the North the Kingdom of Sus with the Mountain Laalem to the West and Tesset to the South Without any City or walled Town in it But there are great Villages of 10000 Inhabitants who are thought to be the ancientest People of Africa and descended from the Gaetuli The Cheriffs of Fez and Marocco chuse their Gard du Corps out of them for the Estem they have of their Fidelity and Courage Getae an ancient People of Scythia betwixt Maesia and Dacia divided on each side the Danube In the year 505. they sell upon Macedonia and Thrace defeated the Forces that the Emperor Anastasius sent against them under Sabinianus Consul and took a Sum of Money to retire again Gevals Gevalia a Town in the Province of Gestrick in the Kingdom of Sweden at the Mouth of a River of the same Name about four Miles from the Confines of Vpland to the North twenty seven German Miles from Stockholm to the North. Gewer Javarinum called by the Inhabitants Raab by the Germans Javarin Giavarino is
Title of a Dukedom This City lies seven Leagues from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the West eight from the Borders of France fourteen from Perpignan to the South and sixteen from Barcelona to the North. A Spanish Council was held at it in 517. Gisborn a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Stancliff Gisborough a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Langburgh situated in a pleasant Flat between Mulgrave and the River Tees and heretofore enriched with an Abbey This is the first place where Allum was made in England Gisors Caesortium Caesarotium and Gisorium an ancient Town in Normandy mentioned by Antoninus the Capital of le Vexin Normand a Territory in this Province which lies upon the River Epte sixteen Leagues from Paris to the West and ten from Roan to the North-East It has given the Title of an Earl for many Ages past About the year 1188. Henry I. King of England and Philip the August King of France had an Enterview betwixt this place and Trie after the news of the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine wherein they agreed upon a Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land again and to lay aside their differences with one another till they had performed it Givaudan or Gevaudan Gabali a Territory in Languedoc the Capital of which is Mende it lies between Auvergne to the North Rovergne to the West the Lower Languedoc to the South and Vivarais and Velay to the East Placed in the Mountains of Sevennes and very subject to Snow yet not unfruitful near the sourse of the Allier the Lot Olda and the Tarn Mende the principal City lies twenty five Leagues from Lyon to the South West and Baignol the next to Mende in greatness lies about six Miles South of it This was the Country of the ancient people called Gabales It now gives the Title of Earl to the Bishops of Mende and was first united to the Crown of France in 1271. being heretofore under its own Counts The Huguenots ravaged it much in the last Age. Giulap Chaboras Chobar a River and City of Mesopotamia The River ariseth from Mount Masius in the Confines of the Greater Arabia and running Southward through Mesopotamia falls into the River Euphrates at Al Thabur which last City it seems is by some called Giulap The River is the same that passeth by Caramit the Capital of Diarbeck or Mesopotamia and in the latter Maps is called Soaid supposed to be the River Chobar mentioned by Ezekiel the Prophet See Chaibar Giulia Julia a City of Transylvania between the Rivers of Sebekeres and Feyerkeres upon the Lake Zarkad seven German Miles South of Great Waradin upon the Frontiers of Transylvania in the Hands of the Turk whose Ancestors conquered it in 1566. Some Authors believe this to be the same place with the Ziridava of the Ancients Giulich a Branch of Mount Taurus in Cilicia Giulick See Juliers Giustandil Acrys Justiniana Prima Lychnidus Tauresium a City of Macedonia commonly by the Christians called Locrida standing on the Confines of Albania upon the Lake Pelioum out of which the River riseth that watereth Albanopoli This City was the Birth-place of that Great Prince Justinian the Emperour and from him had the Name of Justiniana even now it is a great and populous City and an Archbishops See it stands upon an high Hill eighty Miles from Durazzo to the East Glamorganshire Glamorgania Morganucia one of the twelve Counties of Wales has on the South the Severn Sea on the East Monmouthshire on the North Brecknockshire and on the West Caermarthenshire the North part being Mountainous is barren and unpleasant the South side descending by degrees spreads it self into a fruitful Plain which is filled with Towns The principal City of this County is Landaff There is in this County one hundred and eighteen Parishes The Earldom was granted to Edward Somerset Lord Herbert of Chepstow c. by Charles I. in 1645. the Father of Henry Duke of Beaufort in which most Loyal and most Noble Family it now is Glan Clanes a River in Bavaria which now falls into the Danube Glandeves Glandeva Glannata Glannatica a ruined City in Provence amongst the Maritime Alpes near the River Var giving Name to an Honourable Family in Province and formerly dignified with the Title of an Earldom The continual Inundations of the River Var obliged the Inhabitants to desert it about eight hundred years ago who settled at Entrevaux at the distance of a quarter of a League from it whether they removed also the Episcopal See of Glandeves which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Ambrun Glanfordbridge or Glamford a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Yarborough Glanio Clanius Liris a River in Italy now frequently called L'Agno See Agno Glarys Calarona Glarona a Town in Switzerland which is the Capital of a Canton seated in a Valley of the same Name upon the River Sarneff amongst very high Hills called Glarnischberg eighteen Miles from Altorf to the South-East and as many from Schwits to the North-East This is so great populous and strong that it may compare with most Cities The Plain upon which it stands lies by the River Limat about three German Miles in length being fensed on three sides by the towring Alpes having on the South and East the Grisons on the West the Canton Von Vry and Schwits and on the North the River Limat which parts it from the Grisons This is one of the lesser Cantons and the eighth in number Of old subject to the Monastery of Secon which had the Tythes and some certain Rents but the Inhabitants were otherwise free of all Exactions Taxes and Tolls and governed by a Senate chosen out of themselves by their own Laws and Customs only the Abbess of the Monastery chose the Senators and the Emperor was Advocate of the Monastery which Right being consigned by Fredericus Aenobarbus to Otho Palatine of Burgundy came to the House of Hapspurgh and by the latter to Albert Son of Rodolphus I. who attempting to change these Methods of Government this Canton in 1351. revolted and was received into the League of the Cantons and in 1386. gave the Austrians a fatal overthrow Zuinglius about 1515. preaching here against the Church of Rome many of the Inhabitants imbraced the Reformed Religion the rest persisting in the Roman and so it stands at this day Glas Nanaeus a River in Scotland the same with Strachnavern Glascow Glasquo Glascum a City in the West of Scotland upon the River Cluyd Glotta sixteen Miles from the Western Shoar This was very anciently a Bishops See but discontinued till King William of Scotland restored it now an Archbishops See and an University which was opened by Turnbull a Bishop who in 1554. built a College here and it is now the best place of Trade in this part of Scotland having a delightful situation excellent Apples and a Bridge of eight Arches over the
it Lepseck and Lasipio the Europeans Lampsaco It is now in a tolerable good Condition and the See of an Archbishop Xerxes King of Persia gave the Revenues of this City to Themistocles the Athenian in his Banishment to find him Wine It consists of about two hundred Houses inhabited partly by Turks partly by Christians It has a very fine Mosque whose Portico is supported by Red Marble Pillars the same was formerly a Christian Church as appears by the Crosses that yet remain on the Capitals of the Pillars This City has even at this day a great many fine Vineyards especially on the South-side fenced in with Pom granate Trees Wheeler p. 76. In the antient Roman Times the God Priapus was revered here In the Year of Christ 364 the Demi-Arrians in a Council at this City condemned the Forms of Faith that had been published by the Councils of Rimini and Constantinople confirming another made by the Council of Antioch in 341. There was also a second Synod assembled here about the Year 369. Lampura Selampura a City of India beyond Ganges mentioned by Ptolemy Lancashire Lancastria is a part of that Country which was of old possessed by the Brigantes This County has Westmorland and Cumberland on the North Yorkshire on the East Cheshire on the South and the Irish Sea on the West In length from North to South fifty seven Miles in breadth thirty two containing twenty six Market Towns sixty one Parishes and many Chappels of Ease equal for the multitude of Inhabitants to Parishes Watered with the Rivers Mersey Rible Son all three running from East to West into the Irish Sea and the first serving as a Boundary betwixt this County and Cheshire besides the great Lakes of Merton and Winder which last divides it from Westmorland Where the ground is plain and champaign it yieldeth good store of Wheat and Barley the foot of the Hills is fitter for Oats All is tolerably useful and good except the Mosses or Bogs which yet afford excellent Turffs for firing There is also Marle in many places and in some Trees are found under Ground which have lain there many Ages This County is a Palatinate and has many Royal Privileges belonging to it In the time of Henry of Bullingbroke afterwards King of England the fourth of that name and first of Lancaster the half of the Lands of Bohun Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton being added to what before belonged to the Honor of this County which was then a Dukedom it became the richest Patrimony that was in the hand of any one Subject in Christendom and in that Prince's Person it was annexed to the Crown of England and never since granted to any Subject whatsoever Lancaster Alione Mediolanum Lancastria The Town which gives name to this County stands on the South Bank of the River Lunne or Lone from which it is supposed to be denominated five Miles from the Irish Seas and towards the Northern Bounds of the County It seems to Mr. Cambden to be the Longovicum of the Romans which was one of their Military Stations Not overmuch peopled and consequently not extraordinarily rich It has a small but fair and strong Castle built on a Hill near the River and one large fair Parish Church with a S one Bridge of five Arches over the River Lon. This Town in 1322. was burnt by the Scots in an inroad they made into England and although it is thereby removed into a better Situation yet it may be presumed to be the less at this day for that Calamity Of the House of Lancaster abovementioned Henry the Fourth Fifth Sixth and Seventh inherited the Crown of England The last of which marrying Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress to Edward IV. of the House of York united those two Houses of York and Lancaster whose competition for the Crown under the names of the Red and the White Roses had caused the effusion of more English Blood than was spent in the Conquest of France Lancaster stands in the Hundred of Loynsdale and returns to the Parliament two Burgesses Long. 20. 48. Lat. 54. 05. Lanceston or Launceston the County Town of Cornwall in the Hundred of East upon the banks of the little River Kensey not far from its fall into the Tamer Well inhabited marketed and traded It returns to the House of Commons two Burgesses Lanciano or Lansano Anxanum the capital City of the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples and an Archbishop's See built five Miles from the Adriatick two from the River Saras now il Sangro about eighty from Naples to the North and a little more from Ancona to the South This City was raised to the Dignity of an Archbishoprick in 1562 and built as is supposed upon the Ruins of the antient Anxanum Long. 38. 55. Lat. 42. 27. Landaff Landava Landuvia a small City and Bishops See in Glamorganshire in Wales seated on the North side of the River Taff. over which it has a Bridge about three Miles from the Irish Sea to the North. The Cathedral and Bishoprick hereof was founded by S. Germanus and Lupus two Holy French Bishops who came twice into Britain to extinguish the Pelagian Heresie about the Year 522. They preferred Dubricius a holy Man to this new-founded See to whom Meuricke a British Lord freely gave all the Land that lies between the Taff and Eleâ— But this See has since met with others of a contrary temper who have reduced it to that Poverty that it is scarce able to maintain its Bishop The present Dr. William Beaw is the LXXVI Bishop consecrated in 1679. June 22. Many Synodal Constitutions we find in the Councils were made and published by the Bishops of this See in antient times Landaw Landavia a City of Germany in the Lower Alsatia in the Territory of Wasgow upon the River Queich in the Confines of the Palatinate of the Rhine four Leagues from Spire to the West Once an Imperial and Free City but by the Treaty of Munster yielded to the French who still have it L'andramiti Adramytium a City of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus called by the Europeans Andromiti by the Turks Endroinit in which word there is a further account of it Landrecy Landrecium a City in Hainault small but well fortified It is seated at the Fountain of the River Sambre Sabis six Leagues from Valenciennes to the North-East and two from the Borders of Picardy to the North. This has been made at once famous and miserable by the frequent Sieges it has suffered of late But by the Pyrenean Treaty it was put into the hands of the French The Emperor Charles V. besieged it in 1542. for six months with fifty thousand Men and retired from it at last without success The Lands End Antivestaeum Bolerium Ocrinum the most Western Cape or Promontory of England in the County of Cornwal Landshut Landshutum a City of Germany in the Lower Bavaria in the Marquisate of
became Bishop of it from whom the present Bishop Dr. Levinz is the fourteenth and the twenty ninth of those whose Names are Recorded This Bishop is no Lord of the Parliament of England tho presented to the King for his Assent Royal and to the Archbishop of York for Consecration by reason he holds immediately not of the King but of the Lord of Man to whom under the Fief and Sovereignty of the King belongs the Right of Nomination Manar Manaria a small Island with a City on it which is in the Hands of the Hollanders it lies in the Streight between the Island of Ceylon and the Coast of Malabar in the East-Indies and gives Name to that Streight Long. 108. 30. Lat. 09. 33. Manceaux the People of Maine a Province in France La Mancha Lamitanus Ager a Province in the South of New Castile in Spain the Seat of the Oretani an ancient People of Spain mentioned by Strabo and Pliny It is divided into La Mancha d' Arragon and La Mancha Cieca La Manche Mare Britannicum the French Name of the British Sea lying between France and England Manchester Manduessedum a Town in the County of Warwick mentioned by Antoninus now a poor Village of about fourteen Houses one Mile from Atherstone to the South and eight from Covenventry to the North § Manchester Mancunium Manucium a very rich populous and beautiful Market-Town upon the East side of the River Spoden near the Borders of Cheshire at the South End of the County of Lancaster in the Hundred of Salford in which Thomas Lord de la Ware founded a a College This was an ancient Roman City and being ruined in the Saxon and Danish Wars was rebuilt by Edward the Elder about 920. The College has been since refounded and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth and is still in being There is also a Collegiate Church Charles I. added another Honour to this Place by creating Henry Montague Earl of Manchester in 1625. which Honour is now possessed by Edward Montague his Grand child the third Earl of this family Mandignan Hesperium Cornu Cape Verde the most Western Cape of Africa Mande Mimatium a City of Aquitain in Languedoc in France towards the Mountains of Sevennes and the Fountains of the River Lot Olda which is a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Alby called by some Latin Writers Anderitum and Gabalum the Capital of the Territory of Givaudan four Miles from Jaoux where are are the Ruins of that old City out of which this we are speaking of sprung being before only a Village at the Foot of this Mountain ten Leagues from S. Flour to the North East fourteen from from Rhodez to the East It stands in a mountainous but fruitful Soil and it is honoured with the Bones of S. Privatus a Martyr The Bishop enjoys divers great Privileges together with the Title of an Earl Mandinga a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa betwixt the River Niger to the North and the Kingdom of Malaguette to the South its Capital City bearing the same Name Mandou a City and Kingdom in the Empire of the Great Mogul in the East Indies Mandoua a River in the Kingdom of Decam which falls by the City of Goa into the Indian Ocean See Goa Mandrerey a River in the Island of Madegascar it springs in a Territory of its own Name and greatned with the Currents of divers other Rivers discharges it self into the Ocean at the North of the Island near the Province of Carcanossi Manfredonia Sepontum Novum Manfredonia a City in the Province called the Capitanato in the Kingdom of Naples which is an Archbishops See and has this Name from Manfredus King of Naples Son of Frederick II. Emperor of Germany who built it about the year 1256. Not above two Miles from hence at the Foot of Mount Gargano are shewn the Ruins of Sepontum an old ruined Roman Town the See of which was Translated to Manfredonia It has a large Haven a strong Castle seated twenty five Miles from Nocera to the East and twenty two from the Mouth of the River Ofanto Aufidus to the North. Taken once by the Turks in the year 1620. and miserably defaced spoiled and ruined since in some degree repaired but the memory of that Calamity has made it little poor and not much inhabited A Provincial Council was assembled at it in 1567. Long. 40. 10. Lat. 41. 40. Mangalor Mangalora a City of the Kingdom of Bisnagar upon the Western Shoar which has a Castle and an Harbour upon the Indian Sea in a Tract called Canara towards Malabar Heretofore under the Portuguese This may possibly be the same with that the Ancients called Mandagara Long. 105. 00. Lat. 12 30. Mangresia Magnesia the Capital City of Caria a Province in the Lesser Asia near the River Maeander whence it was called Magnesia ad Maeandrum to distinguish it from some other Cities of the same Name Before this it was called Thessaloce and Androlitia as Pliny saith It stands near Mount Thorax seventy Miles from Smyrna to the North-East and twenty six from Ephesus Themistocles the Athenian died here in Banishment and Antiochus King of Syria sixty three years before the Birth of our Savour Long. 57. 00. Lat. 39. 00. Manhate the same with New Amsterdam in North America in New-Holland Manheim Manbemium a Fortress in the Lower Palatinate where the Rhine and the Necker meet grown up to a City whereas before it was only a Village Frederick IV. Elector Palatine in 1606. fortified it In 1622. the Spaniards took and dismantled it Being restored by the Treaty of Munster to this House Charles Lewis the last Elector resortified it It stands three German Miles from Spire to the North and as much from Heydelburgh to the West It has a very strong Castle called Friderichsbourgh near it upon the Rhine lies another called Eichelsheim now ruined in which John XXIII Pope was kept two years a Prisoner after he was deposed by the Council of Constance The French possessed themselves both of the City and Fortress Nov. 13. 1688. S. Manehu See S. Meneboult ◠Manifold a River of Staffordshire Manille Manilla the same with Lusson Maningtree or Manytree a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Tendring Manissa Magnesia a City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Smyrna twenty four Miles from Smyrna to the North West Now in a tolerable Condition under the Turks and the Capital of a Province Manoa el dorado a Town in South America in Guiana upon the Western Shoar of the Lake of Parime concerning which the Indians report great things but it was never yet seen by any European Manosque Manuesca a Town in Provence in France in the Diocese of Sisteron in a Plain one League from the River Durance belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta by the Concession the ancient Counts of Forcalquier who had a Palace in it Some would have it to
last it is divided by the Loyre though some attribute several Villages to it beyond that River The Cities of it are Orleans Baugency and Chartres Ormus Armuzia Ormuzium Organa a small Island on the Coast of Persia known to the Greeks and Romans with a City of the same name This Island is seated at the Mouth of the Persian Gulph upon the Province of Schiras over against the Mouth of the Drut nine Spanish Miles in compass and twelve from the nearest Shoars of Persia The City which was once so potent and rich fell into the Hands of the Portuguese in 1517 and was re-conquered by the Persians assisted by the English April 25. 1622. Whereupon this so famous Mart presently became desolate and forsaken so that there is now little of it left but the Castle that the Portuguese built which has deluded the Forces of the Turks and Arabians Out of the ruins of it is sprung up Gambron on the continent Long. 91. 20. Lat. 27. 30. This Island wants fresh water It hath formerly sustain'd the title of a Kingdom The Tartars call it Necrokin The Portuguese were thought to lose six or seven Millions at the retaking of it by the English and Persian Forces Ormond Ormondia The North part of the County of Tipperary in the Province of Munster called by the Irish Orwowon that is the front of Munster A lean Mountainous barren Country which gives the Title of a Duke to one of the best and most Loyal Families in that Kingdom the first of which was James Butler Created Earl of Ormond by Edward III. James the late Earl was for his signal services in the old Rebellion in Ireland in 1643 Created Marquess of Ormond In 1660. he was by Charles II. made Duke of Ormond in Ireland and in 1661. in England Ormokirk a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Darby not far from Merton Meer Ornano a Signory in the Isle of Corsica Orne Orna Olina a River in Normandy which watereth Argentan Caen and at Estreban falls into the British Sea Orne Odorna a River of Lorrain which falls into the Moselle between Mets and Thionville it has a Town of the same name upon it between the Moselle and the Maes but nearest to the last Hofman Orontes See Farfar § The same is also the name of a Mount near the City Tauris in Persia Oropus or Orope an antient City of Attica in Greece called now Zucamini and Suzamino Aulus Gellius speaks of it § There was a second in Macedonia the Birth-place of Seleucus Nicanor § A third in the Island Euboea in Aristotle's time who remembers it § And Stephanus places a fourth in Syria called also Telmissus Orsoi Orsoium Orsovium a small but strong and an important Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany upon the Rhine Taken for the Hollanders by the Prince of Orange in 1634 and in 1672 by the Duke of Orleans for the French Orssa a strong Town in the Dukedom of Lithuania in Poland seated at the Confluence of the River Orsca with the Nieper eighteen Polish Leagues from Smolensko to the West and twelve from Mohilow to the North towards VVitepski It is defended by a good Cittadel Sigismond I. King of Poland defeated the Muscovites before it in 1514 taking Prisoners four thousand and leaving dead upon the Place forty thousand It hath heretofore been in the hands of the Muscovites Orta or Orti Hortanum a small City in the Ecclesiastical State upon the Tiber near its Confluence with the Nera and upon an Ascent It belonged formerly to the Dukedom of Toscana Pliny takes occasion to mention it It is an Episcopal City thirty four Miles from Rome to the North. Ortonbourg Ortemburgum a Town in the Province of Carinthia in Germany upon the Drave having the honour to give a Title of a Count of the Empire Orton a Market Town in the County of VVestmorland in East Ward amongst the Heaths much wanting Wood. Ortona a City of the Hither Abruzzo and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Trivento which has a safe Port on the Adriatick twelve Miles from Trivento North-East eight from Lanciano to the same and eleven from Pescara to the South-East It is now called Ortona à Mare to distinguish it from Ortona di Marsi in the same Province Made a Bishop's See by Pope Pius V. in 1570. The Revenue of this Town belongs to the Papacy Orvieto Oropitum Vrbiventum Herbanum a City of Italy of great antiquity called in several Ages by various names It was heretofore included in the Province of Toscana now in S. Peter's Patrimony the Capital of a Territory denominated from it and a Bishop's See seated upon the River Pelia which a little higher takes in the Chiana and three Miles lower falls into the Tiber twenty Miles from Viterbo to the North sixty from Rome and thirty from Perugia Very strong by its Situation being fenced on all sides by Rocks and steep Valleys or Precipices Orwell a River in the County of Suffolk upon whose Banks not only Ipswich but Stow Market and Needham are also situated Osaro See Serchio Osbor or Olbor Osborium The Geographers do not determine whereabouts in Germany it was that this Place stood But they omit not to mention it upon the account of a Council there assembled in the presence of the Emperor Henry IV. which condemn'd the Anti-Pope Honorius II. and confirm'd the Election of Pope Alexander II. Oseau Ossavus a small River in Bearn Osenburgh Osnaburgum Osnabrugum Osnabrucum a City of VVestphalia in Germany which is a Hanse Town and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Cologn instituted by Charles the Great in 776. It is seated upon the River Hasa eight German Miles from Munster to the South-East and fifteen from Oldenburgh to the South Famous for a Peace concluded here between the Emperor and the Crown of Sweden in 1648. This City is under the Dominion of its own Bishop who keeps his ordinary residence at Patersbourgh and called sometimes Osnabruck Not only the Parochial Churches are divided here amongst the Roman Catholicks and Lutherans but the Lutherans also have the Possession of three Prebends in the very Cathedral with a Voice Active in the Election of Dignitaries The Roman Catholick Prebendaries have Voices Active and Passive electing and to be elected § The Bishoprick of Osenburgh is a Tract of Germany under the Bishop of this Diocese by the Order of Charles the Great Bounded on the West and South with the Bishoprick of Munster on the East by the Principality of Minden and the County of Ravensperg from North to South forty Miles from East to West twenty five The Bishop of this Diocese is to be a Roman Catholick and a Lutheran by turns according to the Treaty made in this City in favour of the House of Brunswick Osero Absirtum Absortus Absorus Civitas Ausarensis an Island and City of its name upon the Coast of Dalmatia under the Venetians The City is a Bishop's
Pius II. It was a flourishing University in 1386. but when founded is not known to me Several Popes Alexander III. Pius II. Pius III. Alexander VII and great Men have been Natives of this place its greatest glory is S. Catherine of Siena a Dominican who persuaded Pope Gregory IX to leave Avignon She died in 1380. Canonized by Pope Pius II. in 1461. Sierra-Liona a chain of Mountains upon the Frontiers of Nigritia and Guinee in Africa therefore placed sometimes in the one and sometimes in the other by Writers It gives name to the River Sierra-Liona and to a large African Kingdom whither the English French Dutch and Porteguese traffick for Ivory Ambergrease Pepper Crystal Coral pieces of Gold c. The English for the security of their Commerce built themselves a Fort upon the River Sierra-Liona which in 1664 was lost to the Dutch In 1607 the King of this Country with his Family and others received Christian Baptism of Father Barreira a Portuguese Jesuit of the Mission The Portuguese called him Dom Philippe de Lion in allusion to the name of his Kingdom The present King is also a Christian tho the greatest part of the People Heathens His Kingdom extends from Cape Verga to Cape Tagrin and hath its name from the noise of the Sea against the Rocks and the thunder from the Mountains of it resembling the roaring of a Lion Sierras-Nevadas a Chain of Mountains in Castile d'Or in South America extended the space of forty Leagues and accounted two in height being tho near the Line in the hottest seasons always covered on the top with Snow as it is intimated in its Name Siga a City of Mauritania Caesariensis in Africa with a Port upon the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Algiers It is an ancient City and in Christian times has been a Bishop's See Now called Humain A River of its own name Siga falls into the Mediterranean here Sigan a City of the Province of Xensi in China which is the Capital over thirty five other Cities Sige and Sigeium Promontorium an ancient Episcopal City of Troas in Asia minor ruined For the Promontory see Janizzari Sigeth Salinae Metuharis a strong Town the Head of a County of the same Name in the lower Hungary seated in a Marsh made by the River Alme two Hungarian Miles from the Drave seven from Alba Regalis to the South and five from Quinque Ecclesiae to the West It has a very strong Castle fortified with three Ditches and as many Walls which added to the situation of it make it very considerable Solyman the Magnificent ended his Life at Quinque Ecclesiae during the Siege of this place which was yielded to the Turks September 7. 1566 after a Defence that wanted nothing but Success to have rendered it the most celebrated that has happened Nicolas Esdrin Count of Serini Governour of it being slain in the last Sally which he made at the head of his remaining Forces It is now in the Emperor's hands by re-conquest surrendred January 15 1688. The Imperialists found therein eighty five pieces of Cannon § There is another Town of the same Name in the Vpper Hungary near the Fountains of the Tibiscus in the Principality of Transylvania Sign a Venetian Garrison in Dalmatia besieged by the Turks twenty four days in 1687 and relieved by the Forces of the Republick under General Cornaro Silaro Silarus a River in the Kingdom of Naples in former times the Boundary of Lucania and now often called il Selo and il Silaro It ariseth in the Hither Principate from the Apennine and falls into the Bay of Salerno eighteen Miles from that City to the East Il Sile Silis a River in the States of Venice which watereth the City of Treviso and then falls into the Adriatick Sea Silesia a great Province in the Kingdom of Bohemia called by the Inhabitants Slisko by the Poles Slusko by the Germans Schlesien Bounded on the East by Poland on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburgh on the West with Lusatia and Bohemia properly so called on the South with Moravia and the Vpper Hungary It was for eight hundred and sixty years a part of Poland and revolted from that Crown under Vladislaus Loch King of Poland in 1327. In the fifteenth Century this Country generally imbraced the Doctrines of John Hus which were tolerated by Rhodolphus II. in 1609. It had at first several Princes of Royal and Sovereign Jurisdictions in their several Principalities which together with the Piastean Family ended in the Person of George William in 1675 whereupon that Country returned entirely to the Emperor as King of Bohemia having been above three hundred years ago united to the Kingdom of Bohemia The Principal Cities and Towns in this Province are Brieg Crossen Glogaw Grotkaw Jawer Lignitz Monsterberg Olss Troppaw Oppelen Ratibor Sagan Schweidnitz Volaw and Breslaw which is the Capital City of this Country It is divided into the Vpper and Lower Silesia The Isles of Silly Silurum Insulae Casiterides a knot of Islands in the Vergivian Ocean to the West of the Land's end of Cornwal an hundred and twenty Miles South of the Coast in Ireland sixty from the Land's end and an hundred and forty from Cape S. Mahe in Britagne The French call them the Sorlingues They are and ever have been under the Crown of England in all above an hundred and forty five all clad with Grass or green Moss The greatest of them is S. Mary which has a Town and Harbor of the same Name Where Queen Elizabeth in 1593 built a Castle to defend it from the Spaniards and fixed a Garrison in it King Athelstane was the first of the Saxon Kings that conquered them See Cambden Simmeren a Town and County in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany The Town hath a Castle belonging to it Simois a small River of Troas in Phrygia in the Lesser Asia It arileth out of Mount Ida and joining with the Scamander falls into the Archipelago together with it near Cape Janizari at the entrance into the Streights of Gallipoli Sin Sina a City in the Kingdom of China in the Province of Choquang seated at the foot of a Mountain § Also a Desart betwixt the Mountains Elim and Sinai in Arabia whither the Israelites in their March came the fifteenth day after their departure from Egypt and murmuring for hunger were relieved by an extraordinary Rain of Quails and Manna Exod. 16. 4. 13. Sinai a part of the Mountain Horeb upon the Coast of the Red Sea in the Stony Arabia separated by a large Valley from the Mountain of S. Catherine It hath at some distance from its foot a Spring of good Water and upon the top two Grotto's in Rocks at this day said to be the place where Moses received the Tables of the Law and where he passed his forty days fast It is now wholly covered with a Multitude of Chappels Convents Cells and Gardens possessed by some Latin amongst a crowd of
between Durazzo and the River Aspro which last falls into the same Sea twenty five Miles from Durazzo to the North Some call it Aspro Spirnazza others Spirnazza Arzenza Spitsberg an University in Brandenburgh founded in 1544. Spitsberg Spitzberga Regio Arctica or the Sharp Mountains as the Name signifies is a large Country and a part of the Artick Continent between Nova Zembla to the East and Greenland to the West which are yet not near it by three hundred Miles It was called thus by the Dutch upon their discovering it in 1596. the English call it New-Land others Spigelberg It extends to deg 80. of North Latitude Whether it be an Island or joyned to any Continent is unknown to the Europeans extreme cold without one Village in it only some parts are frequented by the Dutch who Fish for Whales and find some two hundred foot long Here are a great number of Bears black and white Foxes and Sea-Geese Split the same with Spalatro Splugen Splugue Speluca the highest Mountain amongst the Grisons a part of the Rhetian Alpes upon which there was once a strong Castle near the Lower Branch of the Rhine about eight Miles from Clâ—ven to the North. Spoleti Spoletum Spoletium is a City in the States of the Church in Italy called Spoleto and Spolete the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name It stands in the Province of Vmbria or Ombria partly on an Hill partly in a Valley upon the River Tessino thirteen Miles from Fuligno to the North-East forty five from Rome to the North and sixty two from Ancona to the South It is a Bishops See immediatly under the Pope and a City of great Antiquity having defended it self very well against Hannibal in the second Punick War In 1234 here was a Council held under Pope Gregory IX for the Recovery of the Holy Land The same year the Bishop's See was translated hither from Spollo In seven hundred and forty it was besieged by Luitprandus King of the Lombards and reduced to great Extremities In 1155 Frederick Barberossa took plundered and burnt it for violating his Ambassadors and corrupting his Coin In 1583 here was a Synod held by its Bishop It shows some stately Ruines of an Amphitheatre a Temple and a Palace of the Kings of the Goths who made it their Residence Il Ducato di Spoleto Spoletanus Ducatus is a very large Province of Italy called of old Vmbria of latter times Ombria And a Dukedom from the time that Longinus the Greek Exarch of Ravenna after the recalling Narses instituted Dukes for the Government of this Province The Lombards made a Conquest of it under Alboinus one of their Kings in 571. But they left it under Dukes still one of which in 740 joyning with Pope Gregary and rebelling against his Master Luitprandus drew a War upon the Province In 876. Charles the Bald one of the Caroline Princes made Guido a Descendent of Charles the Great Duke of Spoleto whose Posterity in thirteen Descents enjoyed it to 1198. How or when this Province fell under the Pope I know not but it bore the Title of a Dukedom under them till 1440 when it reassumed its ancient Name of Ombria See Leander Albertus Sponheim Sponheimensis Comitatus a County in the Palatinate of the Rhine between the Moselle and the Naw which last falls into the Rhine four German Miles beneath Mentz The fourth part of it is under the Marquess of Baden the rest has been under the Electors Palatine ever since 1416 when it came to that Family by the Marriage of Isabella Heiress of it with Robert Elector Palatine The principal places in it are Creutznach Simmeren and Birkenfeld Sporades the scattered Islands towards Candia in the Archipelago so called in opposition to the Cyclades which lye together in the form of a Circle The Romans Saracens and the Corsairs with the present Masters the Turks of them by their several devastations have reduced these once flourishing retreats into a poor condition There are always some Greeks upon them Sprche Sprewe Spra la Sprehe Spreha a River in Germany which ariseth in the Borders of Bohemia and flowing through Lusatia watereth Bautzen Cotâ—â—itz and Luben then entering Brandenburgh falls by Berlin into the Havel at Spandow which last ends in the Elbe at Havelburg Sprotaw Sproâ—avia a City of Silesia in the Dukedom of Glogaw upon a River of the same Name which falls into the Bober Four Miles from Glogaw to the West Spurnhead Ocelli a Cape or Promontory in Yorkshire at the Mouth of the Humber Squillaci Scyllctiâ—m Scillaceum a small City of great Antiquity called by Ptolemy Scilacium Pliny Scylaceum and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reggio in the Fuâ—ther Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples to which there belongs a Bay upon the Ionian Sea called Golfo di Squillaei This City stands sixty five Miles from Regio to the North-East fifty five from Rossano to the South and has not above three hundred Houses in it Long. 40. 12. Lat. 37. 48. It was an Athenian Colony and one of the most considerable Cities belonging to the Brutii in Magna Graecia Staden Statio Stada a City in the Lower Saxony in the Dukedom of Bremen near the Elbe anciently a Free Imperial City and a Hanse Town but now subject to the Duke of Breme It stands upon a small River called Sâ—â—â—vinge which a little lower falls into the Elbe seven German Miles from Hamburgh to the West and twelve from Bremen to the North. A very strong Town Taken in 1676 by the Duke of Brunswick In 1680 it was restored by the Treaty concluded at Zell to the Swedes under whom it was before put by the Treaty of Munster Staffanger Stavandria Stafangria Stavangria a City of Norway which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim and has a large safe Harbor upon the German Ocean It stands in the Prefecture of Bergen ninety Miles from Bergen to the South and sixty from the Baltick Sea Long. 27. 45. Lat. 61. 15. Staffarda a Town not far from Saluzzes in Piedmont made remarkable by the Battel between the Duke of Savoy's Army and the French on the eighteenth of August 1690 in which the former retired with loss Staffordshire Staffordia Cornavi a County in the middle of England Bounded on the North by Cheshire and Darbyshire where a Stone shews the point in which these three Countries meet on the East by Darbyshire cut off by the Dowe and Trent on the South by Warwickshire and Worcestershire and on the West by Shropshire It represents a Lozenge in its form its length being forty four Miles from North to South and its breadth twenty seven the whole Circumference one hundred and forty seven containing one hundred and thirty Parishes and eight Market Towns For Springs Brooks and Rivers besides the Trent it hath the Dove which partly separates it from Derbyshire the Churner the Blithe the Line the Teaâ— the Sowe the Penk the Manifold and several
the Hands of the Emperour whilst Newhausel was under the Turks Nitria see Nitracht § Also a Mountain in Egypt which has been sanctified by the retreat of divers Anchorites Nirt the Residence of the Dukes of Curland Nivata a City and Province of Japan in the Island Niphon and the Region of Quanto Niuche Niucanum a Kingdom in the Asian Tartary the King of which has lately conquered China This is called by others Tenduc Nive Nivus a River of France in Aquitain called by the Inhabitants Errobi It ariseth in the Borders of the Kingdom of Navarr and watering the Town of S. Jean de Pied Port falls into the Adour through Bayonne Nivernois Ambarri Nevernensis Comitatus is a Province in France of great extent upon the Lorre It has the Dukedom of Burgundy on the East that of Bourbone on the South Berry on the West and Orleance on the North. The Vadicasses were the ancient Inhabitants of this Province Nevers is its Capital City the rest of any note are La Charite Cosne Clamecy Decize and Corbigny This Province hath the honour of the Title of a Dukedom Nizza della Paglia a Town in the Dukedom of Montferrat in Italy betwixt Ast and Aqui which hath partaked of the sufferings of the Civil Wars of its Country Nizza See Nice Noailies a Town in the Province of Limosin in Aquitain in France giving name to a Family of Honour Nocera Nuceria a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy of great Antiquity which is a Bishops See immediately under the Pope seated at the Foot of the Apennine in the Borders of the Marchia Anccnitana at the Fountains of the River Topino sixteen Miles from Spoleto to the North and fifteen from Camerino to the West Some are of opinion that this is the same place with that which Livy calls Alphaterna Nocera a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the hither Principate which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Salerno and a Dukedom belonging to the Family of Barberino Called for distinction from the Precedent by those of the Country Nocera di Pagani because it hath been taken formerly by the Saracens The ancients in many places speak of it It stands eight Miles from Salerno to the South-West and twenty two from Naples to the South § There is a Town of this Name in Calabria eight Miles from Amantea to the South and three from the Tyrrhenian Sea Noere Notra a River of Angoumois in France Noesenstad Bistritia the same with Bestercze Nogar â—or Nogarol the Capital Town of the County of Armagnac in the Vpper Gascony in France upon the River Modou below Monlesun The Latin Writers call it Nogariolum and Nugariolum It has a Collegiate Church and in the Years 1290. 1303. 1316. there were Synods assembled here Nogent l'Artaud a Town in the Province of Champagne in France upon the Marne below Chastean Thierri Nogent le Retrou Nonigentum Rotrudum the fairest Village in France the Capital of the County of La Perche seated upon the River Huyna Fourteen Leagues from Chartres the Capital of La Beausse and honored with the Title of a Dukedom The English heretofore took it under the Earl of Salisbury Charles VII King of France retook it in 1449. The little River Ronne falls into the Huisne here Nogent le Roy a Town in la Beausse in France upon the Eure betwixt Dreux and Chartres Nogent sur seine a Town in Champaigne upon the River Seine which it covers with a Stone Bridge Nola a City and Colony in Campania Foelix now Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Naples in a tolerable State and shews many Footsteps of its great Antiquity Hannibal besieged it without any success in the Year of Rome 540. In or near this City Augustus the first Roman Emperor died Anno Christi 14. Not less famous for being the Birth-place of S. Paulinus who was afterwards Bishop of it It stands fourteen Miles from Naples towards the East near the River Agno Clanis Noli Naulum Naulium a small City in the States of Genoua which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Genoua It stands in a Plain on the Shoars of the Ligurian Sea but it has no Harbor as I have often seen saith Baudrand Once a Free State now subject to the State of Genoua from which City it stands thirty one Miles to the West betwixt Savonna and Albengua Nombre de Dios Nomen Dei Onomatheopolis a City of Terra firma a Province upon the Streights of Panama twenty five Leagues from Panama to the North which has a noble and safe Harbor to the North Sea Built by the Spaniards but since forsaken for its unwholsome air Nomentum or Nomentano the Capital Town of the ancient Nomentani in Latium frequently mentioned by the Classicks It hath sometime been a Bishops See but now is only a Village in the Duchy of Monte-Rotundo in the States of the Church Nomeny Nomenium a City or great Town in the Dukedom of Lorain in the Territory of Messin upon the River Seile Salia five Miles from Nancy to the South and seven from Marsal to the South-East Nona Aenona a City of Dalmatia mentioned by Ptolemy which is now a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Zara or Zadar well fortified ten Miles from Zara to the North. It is under the Venetians and hath a Port to the Adriatique The Sclavonians call it Nin. Some admit it to be the Aenona of the ancients Nonsuch a Palace Royal in the County of Surrey not far from Epsham delightfully situated and magnificently built by K. Henry VIII De Noordtshe Bee Mare Germanicum the German Ocean Norcia Nursia a small City in the Dominions of the Church placed by Livy Pliny and the rest of the Ancients in Vmbria It stands amongst the Hills near the Apennine by the River Fredda six Miles from the Marchia Anconitana to the South between Aquila to the East and Spoletto to the West thirteen from either This was the Country of S. Benedict the Father of the Western Monks as also of Sertorius the great Roman Commander slain in Spain It hath been an Episcopal See Norden Nordenum a City in Westphalia in East-Friesland upon the German Ocean to which it hath a considerable Port under the Prince of East-Friesland sixteen Miles from Embden to the North. Nordlingen Norlinga a City of Schwaben in the Year 1251 made a Free Imperial City it stands upon the River Eger four German Miles from Lawingen to the North ten from VVerden to the South-West and from Ingolstad to the West between the Territories of the Duke of Newburgh and the Count of Oetingen Famous by a Defeat of the Swedes in 1634 and a Victory of the Swedes and French in 1645 tho otherwise small and in a decaying condition This place is called by the French Norlingue and by the Germans also written Norlinghen Norfolk Norfolcia a County on the Eastern Coast of
England Bounded on the North with the German Ocean on the East in part by the same Ocean in part by Suffolk on the South by the Rivers of VVaveney and the little Ouse which part it from Suffolk on the West with the great Ouse and towards Lincolnshire with that part of the Nene which passeth from VVisbich to the Washes It containeth in length from Yarmouth to VVisbich fifty Miles in breadth from Thetford to VVells thirty in circuit about two hundred and forty The Southern parts which are Wood Lands are fruitfull the Northern or Champain barren and dry In the whole are six hundred and sixty Parishes and thirty one Market Towns and besides the VVaveney and the Ouse watered by the Rivers Yare and Thryn It s Capital City Norwich The largest County next to Yorkshire in England and surpassing even Yorkshire in populousness In the time of the Heptarchy it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Angles The first Earl of Norfolk was Ralph de VVaet Created in the Year 1075. After whom succeeded the Bigots from 1135 to 1270 in six Descents In 1313 Tho. de Brotherton a Son of Edward I. was made Earl of Norfolk Margaret his Daughter in 1398 was made Duchess whose Son Thomas Mowbray and his Descendents continued the Honor to the Year 1461. In 1475 Richard Duke of York was made Duke of Norfolk In 1483 John Lord Howard was vested with the same Honor in whose Family it now is Henry the present Duke of Norfolk being the ninth Duke of this Race Norimburgh See Nurenberg Norin a fort of Dalmatia betwixt the River Narenta and the branch thereof called Norin which returns into the bed of the Narenta again Under the Venetians Norkoping Norcopia a small City in Sweden between two Lakes five Miles from the Baltick Sea in the Province of Ostrogothia by the River Motala ten Miles from the Lake Veter East Normandy Neustria Normannia is a great and fruitful Province in France which has the Title of a Dukedom It has this name from the Normans who under Rollo their first Duke setled here in the time of Charles the Simple King of France Bounded on the North and West by the British Sea on the East by Picardy on the South by le Perche and le Maine It lies sixty six Leagues from East to West and from North to South about thirty the principal City in it is Roan or Roiien This Province is divided into twelve Counties but more usually into the Upper and Lower Normandy the former containing the Bailywicks of Roiien Eureux Caux and Gisors the other those of Alenzon Caen and Constantin It s principal Rivers are the Seine Eure Risle Dive Soule Ouve c. A cold Climate plentiful in Corn Cattel and Fruits but generally wanting Wine It yields some Mines of Iron and Brass together with Medicinal Waters Is better inhabited by Gentry than almost any other Province of France and reckons above a hundred Cities and a hundred and fifty great Towns standing in it Rollo the first Duke under whom the Normans besieged Paris three times obtained that Title in 912. from Charles the Simple who gave his Daughter in Marriage to him upon condition to hold Normandy in homage to the Crown William the base Son of Robert the sixth Duke Conquered England in 1066 by which means it was United to the Crown of England till 1202 when King John was outed of it Henry V. about 1420. reconquered this Duchy His Son lost it again about 1450. ever since which time it has been annexed to the Crown of France De Noort Caep Rubaea Rubeae Promontorium is the most Northern Point of Finmark and indeed of all Europe § There is a Cape of the same Name in Guiana in South America Nortgow Nortgovia a Province of Germany between Bohemia to the East the Danube to the East and South which parts it from Bavaria Schwaben and Franconia to the West and Voigtland to the North. The Capital of it is Norimburg This name in the German Tongue signifies the North Country It was the Seat of the antient People Nariscâ— North-Allerton A Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire near the Stream Wisk which falls into the Swale The Capital of its Hundred Northamptonshire Northantonia is seated almost in the midst of England on the North it is parted from Lincolnshire by the River Weland on the East from Huntington by the Nene on the South it has Buckingham and Oxford and on the West Warwickshire separated by Watlingstreet a Roman way From North to South it is forty six Miles in length but not full twenty in breadth where broadest In the whole there are three hundred twenty six Parishes and thirteen Market Towns The Rivers Nen and VVeland have their rise in this County together with the Ouse The Air is temperate the Soil rich fruitful champain full of People The chief Town is Northampton pleasantly seated on the Bank of the River Nen where two Rivulets from the North and South fall into it which for its Circuit Beauty and Buildings may be compared with most of the Cities of England It was burnt by the Danes In the Wars in King John's time it suffered much from the Barons Near this City in 1460. Henry VI. was overthrown and first taken Prisoner by Edward IV. In 1261 the Students of Cambridge are said to have removed hither by the King's Warrant with Intentions to have setled the University here In the Reign of King Charles II. Sept. 1675. it was totally destroyed by Fire but by the favour of that gracious Prince and the chearful Contributions of good People soon rebuilt Long. 19. 40. Lat. 52. 36. To omit the more ancient Families VVilliam Lord Compton was created Earl of Northampton by King James I. in 1618. The present Earl George is the fourth of this Noble Family Northausen Northusia an Imperial Free City of Germany in Thuringia upon the River Zorge between Erford to the South and Halberstad to the North eight German Miles from either This City is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony and said to have been built by Meroveus I. King of the Franks in the Year of Christ 447. The North Foreland Cantium a Cape of the Isle of Thaâ—â—â—â— in Kent famous for a Sea Fight between the English and the Dutch in 1666. When the brave Duke of Albemarle with only two Squadrons of the English Fleet maintained a Fight against the whole Dutch Fleet of an hundred Sail two days together Prince Rupert coming up in the Evening of the second day the English fell again the third on the Dutch Fleet and beat them home which all things considered was the most wonderful Naval Fight that ever was fought upon the Ocean Northumberland Northumbria is parted on the South by the Derwent and the Tyne from the Bishoprick of Durham on the East it has the German Ocean on the North Scotland on the West Scotland and Cumberland it has the form of a Triangle