Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	french_a	great_a	king_n	16,597	5	4.3459	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A63790	England's grandeur, and way to get wealth: or, Promotion of trade made easy and lands advanced; beneficial to particular persons, and to the kingdom in general; wherein many thousand of indigent poor families may be employed; breaches made in our trade by the French, Portuguese, Genoese, Swedes, Dutch and Danes, demonstrated. Furnishing funerals by undertakers, making buttons and shoe-buckles of various sorts of metals, a great detriment to weavers of tape, cotton, ferrit, and silk-riband, and in short to all other trades, the West India trade discouraged, ... the prejudice of trade by strangers, that are lodgers and inmates only, who by their monopolizing ways, have got estates, and then bid farewel to England, the cause of the rent of houses falling, the reasons why great taxes cannot easily be paid, laying taxes on the back and belly, the best way to raise money, which will hurt neither rich nor poor, provided navigation and free circulation of trade be maintained, and merchants encouraged. Reasons why we have not a more considerable trade now the war is ov	Tryon, Thomas, 1634-1703.	1699 (1699)	Wing T3178; ESTC R219413	13,963	31

England's Grandeur AND Way to get Wealth Or Promotion of TRADE Made easy and Lands advanced Beneficial to particular Persons and to the Kingdom in general wherein many Thousand of Indigent Poor Families may be Employed breaches made in our Trade by the French Portuguese Genoese Swedes Dutch and Danes demonstrated Furnishing Funerals by Undertakers making Buttons and Shoe-Buckles of various sorts of Metals a great detriment to Weavers of Tape Cotton Ferrit and Silk-Riband and in short to all other Trades the West India Trade discouraged it being one of the Noblest Branches in Navigation the prejudice of Trade by Strangers that are Lodgers and Inmates only who by their Monopolizing ways have got Estates and then bid Farewel to England the cause of the Rent of Houses falling the reasons why great Taxes cannot easily be paid laying Taxes on the Back and Belly the best way to raise Money which will hurt neither Rich nor Poor provided Navigation and a free Circulation of Trade be Maintained and Merchants Encouraged Reasons why we have not a more considerable Trade now the War is over A remedy proposed to cure this Malady By T. Tryon Merchant of London Sold by I. Harris at the Harrow and G. Conyers at the Ring in Little Britain 1699 Price 6d SOME General Considerations OFFERED c. THere is nothing that Mankind in our latter times especially has more bent his Thoughts about and been more Conversant in than the business of Trade being fully sensible that its improvement tends not only to the support of Personal but National Interests and hence it is that our Industrious Ancestors while it was in its Infancy exercised all possible care in nursing it up and defending it from those mischiefs wherewith it might be beset The Foundations of this Kingdom are Land Trade and Manufactures and are such supports which by no means ought to be shaken they have for a considerable time born the brunt of the War and it is time now they should have a breathing and slide their Necks out of the Collar The Trade of this Kingdom hath all-along been an advantagious Ornament to it and would be still so if the occasion of its pinings were looked into and fit ways apply'd for its recovery I would not pretend to Dictate but with all Submission Crave that we should but have an eye to the Vitals of Trade which seems to be deeply affected For what thing soever is a damage to our Manufacture or Weight upon our foreign Trade beyond what it can bear up under stabs it to the Heart hereby the Subject is disabled but when our Manufactures are incouraged and our foreign Trade made easie and firmly secured our Lands then will be advanced And it is indeed very evident that the promoting of our Manufactures is not only beneficial to particular persons but also to the Kingdom of England in general wherein many thousands of poor indigent Families are imployed and as the said Manufactures are either advanced or diminished so the Value of our Lands must increase or decrease in propotion for notwithstanding that the product of our Lands hath born a very considerable price for seven or eight years last past occasioned by the badness of our Coin the Clothing our Armys at Home and abroad and the devastations made in several of our Neighbouring Countries by the late Wars as well as the taking of great Numbers of our outward-bound Ships which oblig'd the Merchants to buy double the quantities thereof than otherwise they would have done the Peace having put a Period unto all those things our product must come down to its ancient Price and in all probability much lower for within these Eight or Ten Years we have had several Wounds and Breaches made in our Trade by our Neighbours they having the same opportunity to advance their Trade and Navigation that England had for several Years at least before the War I mean the French Portuguise Genoese Swedes and Danes not to say any thing of the Dutch who by their Industry and good Husbandry never fail to advance their Interest where-ever they get footing for what advantage in Traffick soever any Kingdom gains is generally so much lost by another During the late War those Nations above mentioned have not only been the Carriers of their own Manufactures but also of their Neighbours in siing their own Shipping by which they are not only become very Rich in general but even in this that they have furnished themselves with as many Ships and Men as are sufficient to manage their own Trade which within these dozen Years was the great part of it ours and managed by us for England having been many Years at Peace whilst most of our Neighbours were oppressed by War and by consequence rendred in a great degree uncapable of Navigation We pos●ess'd most of the Trade of Europe having then no Partners but the Dutch and they too but Fourths or Fifths which by good Husbandry they have so much improv'd that they are now more than joynt Partners If it be objected That though those Nations have during the last War gained the ascendant over us in several parts of our Trade yet now that we enjoy Peace we may probably recover it again To this I answer That we have little reason to hope to out-Trade the Dutch as matters now stand more than the rest of our Neighbours who Build Victual and Sail cheaper than the Dutch having most or all of their Materials or Merchandizes within themselves and the Labour of Workmen and others much cheaper than the Dutch who have little or nothing of their own but obtain all by Navigation paying but very small duties for Exportes and Importes which is the great incouragement of Merchants as the contrary is the Pane of Trade to the woefull Experience of many Nations our own not excepted And tho' this may seem a digression from the Matter in hand yet may it serve as an Auxiliary to excite our diligence not only in propagating Navigation but also the Staple Commodities of this Nation viz the Woollen Manufactury c. which if neglected will in a few Years pine for we having Competitors in our Foreign Trade and so may have the like in our Manufactures there being in America diverse considerable Settlements which hitherto have been furnished with most of their Cloathing and Utensils from England but their Countries not furnishing them with sufficient quantities of Vendible Commodities for England by this means their Cloathing proving excessive dear and chargeable hath put them upon breeding all sorts of Cattle and making their own Cloathing which is certainly very detrimental to us The like may be said of Ireland whose Cattel and Provisions being low and likely to be lower occasions their taking such Methods as may advance the Woollen Manufactures there they being provided of all suitable Materials for such an Undertaking which being Transported they will as much outvy us in Woollen Commodities as they do in their Provisions and

strength of this Nation consist in Traders Artificers and Tradesmen they being most Tractable and Ingenious both in Peace and War It is the working People and Tradesmen that pays the King his Tax for Ale and Beer and not so much the Countrymen nor Shepherd no it is the former that more abundantly consumes the Sugar Spices Spanish Fruits Tobacco and Wines too and do thereby advance the Consumption of our own Provisions and Fruits many of which would be of little value if it were not for the forementioned Commodities mixed with Apples Pears Plumbs Gooseberrys Currants and none of which would be made Food and so be advantageous to us if they were not mixed with such Sweets which do likewise occasion the Consumption of Flower and it is most clear that the Consumption of their Commodities have of late Years mightily encouraged Importation and Exportation so that if our expences at home be lessened for want of a free Circulation of Trade amongst the people our Plantation Trade will suffer as well as others for the French Dutch Portuguise c. who have all of them Plantations in the West-Indies and as theirs do rise ours consequently declines and will continue declining unless they have some special Encouragement and Assistance and that because the French King does as much bend his inclinations and strength to the advancement of Trade and Navigation especially his Plantations greatly incouraging them by laying on small Duties on their several productions as Sugar c. and lending his Care also to all such Projections and Proposals that his Subjects do offer for the advancement of Trade and the Manufactures of his Kingdom and if they have a fair prospect of advantage he is then willing to bear some of the Losses and Charges that may happen to the same Project for the first two or three Years he does likewise mightily endeavour to advance the profitable Trade of the Fishery and sundry Manufactures which are advanced since the Peace about twenty per Cent. which is a great Encouragement to them The Portuguise likewise of late being advanced in Trade and Navigation and having one of the best and largest Settlements for Sugar viz. Brasil c. will be thereby encouraged to make greater Quantities of that Commodity than formerly which together with the forementioned French Settlements will supply most of the Markets of Europe which hitherto the English have done Whereas on the other hand our own Sugar Plantations must decline especially that of Barbadoes the Land being weakened and almost worn out by often Planting which perhaps in its youthfull days was the most Fertil'st Spot of all America and twenty or thirty years ago was so strong and fertile that from once Planting their Sugar Canes would from the same root bear considerable crops seven years together before they need●d to be Planted again and had no occasion to be d●●ged all that time but they now are forced to new Plant and Dung them every Year and have treble the Labour and Hands to keep them from Weeds so that formerly one hundred Negroes and one Sugar Wind-mill would clear the Planter more Money then three hundred Negroes and two or three Wind-mills will do now so that every hundred weight of Sugar stands the maker thereof in more than double what it did then and yet does not yield him half the Price The West India Settlements for these Thirty or Fourty Years last past have been the brightest Gem in our Crown of Trade by employing great numbers of Ships and making the best of Seamen for within these twenty Years the Island of Barbadoes alone did load yearly near four hundred sail of Ships so that no Trade hath advanced Navigation like those Settlements but now the charge of making Sugar is so great and the price so low that this together with the high Duties lately laid on their Commodities will force them to make but a third or half the Quantity of Sugar and oblige them to apply themselves to raise Provisions to support their Families with their own Product which have hitherto been furnished from England Ireland and the Settlements upon the Main for within these twenty Years we did lade from England more than one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships with Bread Butter Cheese Beer Flesh and other Eatables besides all sorts of Merchandizes and now we do not load three therefore it will needs be for the interest of England to lighten their Burden viz the great Customs under which it is impossible for the Plantations to stand for that which formerly raised and advanced the Planters was the making of much Sugar but that does now ruin and undo them the Charge being much more than the Interest to which if there be not proper remedies applied it will cut off one of the Noblest Branches of Navigation Consider in the next place as to our Trade with France many are of various Opinions concerning it the differing Notions whereof I will not here undertake to reconcile but upon the whole we have good reason to affirm that it has always proved very profitable to this Nation as all other Trades wherein great numbers of our own Ships are imployed as Carriers which was the original advancement of Navigation Some will perhaps object and say that the French Trade is of no great Importance to England because of their exhausting from us great sums of Money To this I answer that our Navigation may be lessened and they may from necessity which is the Mother of Invention be further setting up of Manufactures to the lessening of ours besides they have taken considerably of our Product which we shall be deprived of by not trading with them for it is observed that great Numbers of Artificers have shifted their Habitations and transported themselves to seek their Fortunes in unknown Countries and many of them leaving their miserable Wives and Children to the Parish and most of them have done so for want of such encouragement as they had formerly and this has been partly occasioned not so much from great numbers of Strangers that of late years have pressed in upon us whose Education and miserable low way of living in comparision of ours which have rendered them capable to Live and Work at lower rates than the English most of them being Lodgers Inmates and sheltered under a few Housekeepers and a House that contains four six or eight Rooms does for the most part entertain near as many Families as is usual in their own Countries which does likewise hide and defend them from paying Taxes either to the Parish or Government I say not so much on this account as from great declension of their several imployments In the next place our Trade is likewise prejudiced by another sort of Strangers of more value most of which are single Men as Factors Gentlemen and others that are also Lodgers and Inmates many of them live here from Seven to Twenty Years imploying some of our Eminent Tradesmen as Packers

part of the people being forced by pure necessity to retrench their expences in all Luxurious Commodities of which no more then is consumed in England are of value to the King for those that are Exported pays next to nothing most of the Customs being drawn back So that it is clear and manifest beyond Contradiction the want of Trading makes the generallity of the people grow poor of which our Experience hath made us too sensible already so that not only the Consumption of the forementioned Commodities but likewise of our Manufactures too will be lessened It may be some will object That the English Nation have never been used to have their Food and Cloathing Taxed so that it will be a hard Morsel to swallow I answer hereunto that before now we never had occasion for such great sums of Money and therefore as the sums are great and strange the Methods of raising them must be as universal and it will be well if the Nation can do it either by this or any other equal way or Method Now it is further to be noted that the principal cause and reason why we have suffered such great Shipwracks of late in our Trade hath been from the War so that our neutral Neighbours have had opportunity to increase their number of Ships and Seamen which by their considerable gain have wounded us to the very heart in the next place our Merchants and Traders are of as various Opinions and Notions in Trade both those that Trade abroad and such as Trade at home and for the most part so many Trades as there are so many Notions and Opinions they are of in those Trades they have been bred up so that if Traders do not know nor essentially understand and have not true universal Principles and Notions but disagree among themselves But it is not to be doubted that if the Exporters and all inland Traders and dependers or Craftsmen did agree in true universal Notions and Methods of Trade then our Country Gentlemen must be convinced and made sensible that it would be their principal interests to propagate and advance Trade which hitherto hath made this Nation richer than any of our Nighbouring Countrys and hath more than trebled in value every Acre of Land in England within the compass of one hundred years for about that time Trading and Merchandize did take its birth we having very little before for in King Henry VIII.'s Reign the Customs were not much more then Ten thousand pound Per Annum by which any person may easily Judge of Trade then and now and all Land Manufactures bore then a proportionable low value but it is to be noted that our great and as it were unheard-of Trade hath advanced within the compass of Fifty years when it came on with a rapid motion which was chiefly occasioned by the Wars and continuall devestations our Neighbouring Nations made one upon another and if any of them had Peace Seven or Ten years then new Wars were waged again so that by their Misery and Poverty England had the opportunity to invest themselves in the whole Trade of Europe and about the same time the West-Indies was settled to the very great profit and advancement of Navigation which hath now seen its best days and if the present Impositions lately laid on their Commodities be not eased many brave Plantations must of necessity sink and come to nothing or at least yield no profit nor advantage to England and will as it were cut of one of the principalest Branches of Navigation as has been already said for it is the great quantities of Bulksom Commodities that multiplies Ships and Men and that pays the King most Customs viz. Sugar Tobacco Cotton Ginger Wine and the like which Commodities can never be in any Quantity Imported nor consumed but only in such Nations as have a free brisk Trade and easie Duties to the Importer and where the Commonalty and working people have great Wages which renders them able to Drink and Eat them for that is the Mouth or Carrier that vends the most part of such things For this cause the Tradesmen and other common people of England have spent and consumed greater quantities of such things than half Europe the Tradesmen and poor of other Nations hardly knowing their names and much less their natures Now many do alledge that it is the Exportation of several Commodities that we bring for Returns from Foreign parts that affords the most benefit to this Nation which I agree to yet nevertheless there are many eminent Commodities which are Imported and pays the King considerable Duties which must be spent in England viz. Spanish Fruit as Raisins of several sorts Figs Pruens Currants Dates Almonds Rice Spice Silks Wines of all sorts c. the Consumption whereof since the dead Trading and high Taxes have been contracted into a narrow Circle and must be yet more if Merchants Traders and Tradesmen do not meet with more incouragement than they have lately or than they have a present prospect of so that it is most clear that the Consumption of such things at home is as profitable to the Nation as those that are Exported again for if we can neither consume them at home nor Export them abroad how should our Neighbours be able to pay for our Manufactures for which we have those Commodities in Exchange Some perhaps will object and say we may have money which cannot be but suppose such a thing could be effected what then would become of our Navigation for a few Ships would carry our own Manufactures and bring in Money and what support would this be to the Government for then all the Customs would not pay the King's Officers their Salleries more especially since our Markets are not so incouraging as formerly and hence it is that the Revenues of the Crown do decrease occasioned by the generall retrenching of expences I shall further add That the additional duties and high imposts laid on Merchandizes do either discourage the Trader or oceasion less quantities to be Imported making such things dear to the Subject and thereby the Consumption is abated because the people cannot reach to buy them which as has been said already will ruin our Plantations in the West-Indies The like is to be understood of great excises on several Commodities at home which does so advance them that thereby the common people consumes but a third or half the quanties they did when they were cheap besides high duties on some Commodities do as it were put a full stop to them so that they pay the King little or no duty nor Custom for if the imposts be greater than the interest it does as it were at once cut off all publick commerse and puts people on contriving indirect Methods and Ways how they may run such things by which means the King is deprived of his Customs and the universal use of the thing is lost and what is spent is made dear so that people cannot

c. who are paid but little better than Journeymen to Buy and Collect their Merchandises in Gross and at first hand whereby they obstruct and hinder the lively-hoods of many of our Tradesmen whose hands they would otherwise have passed through before they came to the Exporter as in former-times was usual And when these Factors have by their frugal living and Monopolizing methods obtained great Estates they then remit them into their own Countries and bid farewell to England wherein they have so much advanced themselves and have lived so free and easie from all Duties and Impositions being not only excused from any Office or Charge of the Parish but also to the King and Government when at the same time our own poor Tradesmen that are House-keepers and who have but a mean way of geting a Livelyhood are overwhelmed and oppressed with Taxes and Offices when these Strangers get the Money and bear none of the Burthens there being many thousands of those people for which there is no President in any other Nation for these incroachments are like Sheep fed upon the Cottshold-hills and black Cattle on the Welch Mountains which when they come into the Valleys or better Pastures will Improve and grow Fat whereas such as are bred upon the same spot or Pasturage can hardly live These are some of those Moths that spoil us in our Trade Another Consideration is that we have lost very much of our Navigation which appears from the unheard of losses Merchants have met with during the late War there having been many brave Estates sunk and others rendred weak and feeble The inland Traders have this advantage of the former viz. to spend what they have formerly got for want of a free and generous circulation of Trade which occasions many eminent Tradesmen of all sorts and such as were good House-keepers to shift and hide themselves in Lodgings and to follow the fashions of our neighbouring Nations which does and will prove very prejudicial not only to the Imployments of many People but to all such as have their Estates in Houses there being many hundreds in and about London that do not pay the King's Tax and other Casualties that happen which do not only mightily lessen the Consumption of our own Growth but more especially that of all Foreign Commodities and such as come from our own Plantations also as Sugar Tobacco c. Likewise Wine Spice Spanish fruit and a hundred other things for of late and at this time those Commodities are very low in Price notwithstanding the Merchants have not above a third or fourth of the quantities at Market as there used to be in peaceable times but especially of some sorts of them the principal occasion of this lowness and dead trading is we do not consume half the quantities we did formerly neither do we Export so much for our neighbouring Nations do and will furnish themselves from their own Settlements or Plantations and other parts which is another considerable wound to Navigation Now tho' some of the forementioned Imported Commodities are consum'd by some makes some of the unthinking sort to suppose that there is as much spent as ever yet the Dealers in those Commodities will inform us otherwise and to their great loss for the grand Consumption of those things do chiefly depend on the middle or common people viz. the Tradesmen who are numerous and as the Proverb has it Many hands make light work for every Tradesman is under a kind of necessity to spend in proportion to his Trade and Gain as for Example in several out parts of London there were within the compass of two or three small Streets Lanes and Allies two or three thousand working Tradesmen and such as belonged to them some of which Trades did get about twelve hundred pound per Week when they had full Employment and most of this momey was spent every Week in the Neighbourhood in strong-Drink several sorts of Flesh Bread Butter Cheese Sugar Spice Spanish Fruit and in Cloathing which caused a quick Circulation in all Business But now the Numbers of Labourers is not only lessened but those that are do work for less Wages and have not work enough neither which does likewise occasion the Rents of all Houses c to fall and in a little time those things will have an influence upon Land for Tradesmen did not use to matter whether they gave from Twenty to Fifty or Sixty pound for a House provided that their Trade was good but are not able to give such Rents now The like is to be understood in all Expences and Taxes to the King therefore the promotion of Navigation and a free Trade gives life to the Trading People more especially if the Customs and Imports be made easie for great Weights and Burthens laid on any particular Member will not only discourage it but must cause it to sink and perish besides Merchants are as is said before the Engines of the whole Nation and if encouraged have an innate power to set all hands at work and to advance all the Manufactures and Productions of the Nation and render the whole capable not only to live well and spend Money liberally but to pay Taxes as freely Now great Taxes cannot as is mention'd before be born by any particular part of the people without endangering their ruin more especially the Importers and Exporters because they are the High-ways and principal Gates that all Commerce must pass through which if in any degree be stop'd or obstructed the whole must suffer in proportion besides such Taxes and Impositions as are laid unequally on the people have hardly ever answered hitherto neither is it reasonable to think that they will for the future And indeed it seems to be a general opinion that a small gentle Tax laid on the Mouth and Back would answer and supply the Nations present occasions and raise such sums as their necessities call's for without any manifest Burthen or Injury to them for the Belly will not be cheated besides then there would be many Millions of people more to pay that which now lies on less than one Million by this you bring in considerable numbers of Strangers Young People and Lodgers such as we before treated of who have hitherto shifted their necks out of the Collar many of them being Eminent and better able to pay Taxes than some Housekeepers both of our own Nation and others This way would hurt neither rich nor poor provided that Navigation and a free Circulation of Trade be maintained and Merchants in couraged for the sums of Money that are now wanted and that must be raised to make good the deficiency of former Funds and for the present supply of the King will be much more difficult to be advanced than ever for as Trading sinks so in proportion all things fall into a Consumptive State and therefore Taxes will rarely answer because the Commodities they are laid on are not spent and consumed as formerly great