the Town but such a Guard as we think fit to send to one of the Gates which shall immediately be delivered to us according to the Custom of War III. That the Garison shall march out to morrow by Ten a Clock and be conducted by a Squadron of Horse to the nearest Garison of the Enemy and there shall be no crowding nor confusion when they march out IV. That nothing be carried out of the Town which belongs to the Protestants or other Inhabitants V. That the Governour obliges himself to deliver all Cannon and other sort of Arms Munition Victuals of any kind into the hands of such a Commissary as shall be ordered by us to receive them to morrow morning VI. That if there be any thing due from the Garison to the Inhabitants of the Protestant Religion it shall be paid and what has been taken from them shall be restored VII That a safe Conduct for all the Inhabitants of the Countrey and such of the Roman-Catholick Clergy that came for shelter to this Garison shall be allowed and that they go to their respective habitations together with their Goods and there be protected pursuant to King William 's Declaration bearing date the 22 d. of February last past VIII That care shall be taken of the sick and wounded men of the Garison that cannot go along with the Regiments and that when they are in a condition to follow the rest they shall have our Pass SCHONBERG Pursuant to which Articles the Irish marched out tho the Duke himself had much a-do to protect them from the Violence of the Countrey People the Injuries they had received in being plundered and stript by them were so fresh in their memories The Irish had about 150 killed and wounded during the Siege and the Duke near the same number and Wednesday the 28th and the day following the Army marched back to Belfast where they were joined by Duke Schonbergh's French Horse Sir Thomas Gowers Foot and some other Regiments sent from England On Saturday the last of August our Army was Our Army mustered at Belfast Mustered being Four Regiments of Horse one of Dragoons and Eighteen Regiments of Foot viz. Horse Earl of Devonshire's Lord Delamere's Col. Coy's and Duke Schonberg's with Col. Leveson's Dragoons Foot one Battalion of Blew Dutch Carleson's White Dutch Princess Anne's Col. Wharton's Earl of Drogheda's Lord Lisburn's Earl Meath's Lord Roscommon's Lord Lovelace's Earl of Kingston's the Duke of Norfolk's Col. Herbert's Sir Edward Deering's Sir Thomas Gower's Col. Earl's La Mellionere's Du Cambon's La Callimot's and a day or two after we were joined by most of the Inniskilling Horse who stayed with us during the succeeding Campaign The Duke having ordered most of his Artillery and Ammunition on Board at Carrickfergus our Train Horses being many of them as yet at Chester and then to go for Carlingford within eight miles of Dundalk he marched The Army march to Newry his Army forwards on Monday the 2 d. of September and came on the 6th to Newry which he found laid in Ashes by the Duke of Berwick who having been there with about 1700 Foot and Dragoons and two Troops of Horse had retired towards Dundalk the evening before and left Newry in a flame Here the General posted Capt. Palliser of Sir Thomas Gower's Regiment with Fifty men in an old Castle that was unburnt and on Saturday the 7th we Thence to Dundalk marched to Dundalk where the Army encamped on a low moist Ground nigh a mile short of the Town On Sunday the 8th Major-General Kirk's Sir John Hanmer's and Brigadier Stuart's Regiments join'd us from the North. The Irish Army were at this time in a great Consternation The Irish in confusion and it was debated whether they should quit Drogheda and Dublin and so retire towards the Shannon but my Lord Tyrconnel opposed it and when Marshal De Rose understood that Duke Schonberg halted at Dundalk He was sure he said that he wanted something necessary for their going forwards and therefore part of their Army advanced first to Ardee and then in a day or two to a place called the Bridge of Fane upon a small River within three miles of Dundalk whither the late King with his whole Army being about 28000 well arm'd and nigh Ten thousand indifferently arm'd men followed about the 15th at what time we began to intrench our Camp and also some shipping with Provisions came to us Friday the 20th we were alarm'd with the Enemies The Irish make a shew of fighting approach and they did appear upon the Hills above the Town next day drawing out their whole Army with a Train of Artilery which the Duke seeing ordered all his men to stand to their Arms and expected the Enemies attacking him but that they had no great mind to and after a Discovery of a Plot by some French to carry the rest over to King James one Du Plessy and five more being hanged as also Two hundred others sent for England the Enemy seeing that opportunity lost they returned with the main Body of their Army to Ardee where they encamped till about the 4th of November and then they marching off we thought it high time to do so likewise after being encamp'd almost Ten weeks in a very unwholsome place and pestered with all the disadvantages of bad weather by reason of which we lost in the Camp in our going to Quarters and in them and the Hospitals at least one half of our men the Army consisting then of Nine Regiments and Two Troops of Horse Four Regiments of Dragoons and Thirty Regiments of Foot whereof Two Regiments of Horse One of Dragoons and Six of Foot did not come to the Camp but were quartered in the Countrey The English Camp near Dundalk Towards the latter end of November the General ordered a Meeting of all the Countrey Gentlemen then in the North of Ireland to be at Lisburne where his Grace's Head Quarters were fixed at what time they presented the Duke with an Address and then agreed upon Rates for all sorts of Provision which by Proclamation from the General were commanded to be sold accordingly December the 12th Collonel Woolsly marched with a Party towards Belturbet which was surrendred to him by the Irish and on the 13th the Duke went to view Charlemont a strong-hold which the Irish then had and kept for some time afterwards Towards the latter end of December the Irish began to lessen the Coin of their Brass-Money calling in the large Half-Crowns and stamping them a new for Crowns and near the same time Major-General Major-General Mackarty makes his escape Mackarty made his escape from Inniskilling where he had remained a Prisoner ever since the Rout at Croom Castle Collonel Hambleton Governour of the Town was Tried by a Court-Marshal for it afterwards but producing Major-General Kirk's Letter to him wherein he desired that some further Conveniencies might be allowed Mackarty than formerly upon which it
in the Afternoon some of our Field-pieces came up which were immediately planted and then played into the Enemy's Camp the rest of the day was spent in our Army 's Encamping and in firing Great Guns one upon another from several Batteries without any extraordinary loss Whether His Majesty had already an Account of what had happened to the Confederate Army at Flerus I am not able to give an Account but it 's probable he had some intimation of it since in a Council of War held that night His Majesty seemed positive in passing the River next day and therefore gave Orders for his Army to be ready accordingly The late King had likewise another Council of War on his side the River wherein all the French and Irish Officers agreed which was the only time they ever did so before or after Not to give us Battel but to march off in the night and then retreat towards Athlone and Limerick filling all their Towns that were tenable as they went with sufficient Garisons to defend them And their reason was this as soon as Sir Cloudsley Shovel with his Squadron of Men of War had seen the King safe in Ireland he was ordered to sail immediately and join my Lord Torrington then at Sea with the English Fleet which the French having notice of and that all our Transport Ships with our Provisions and other Necessaries for War were left at Carigfergus-Bay with little or no Convoy and would have Orders to coast along as the Army marched they resolved to send Ten small Frigats and Twelve Privateers into the Channel and burn all our Ships which if it had been done then our Communication from England had been in a manner cut off and our Army forced to subsist upon the Countrey or starve at least we had been debarred those Necessaries without which the War could not have been carried on This Design of the French was not unknown to the King and therefore he was the more earnest in going forward It was advised therefore in the Irish Camp That seeing we had a better Army by much in the Field than theirs and might probably beat them if they engaged to march away and so protract the time till they saw what became of the Design about burning our Ships which they were confident would take effect But the late King himself was very much bent upon fighting alledging That if he retreated with his Army and left Dublin and other places to the Enemy the Irish who are soon disheartned and only judge according to appearance would all desert him by degrees and then himself and those that stood by him would be delivered up to the Mercy of the Enemy So that seeing him in this humour they were in hopes that a vigorous fit of Valour had seized him and that he would next day play the Hero in either Conquering Valiantly or Dying Gloriously and then having ordered the disposing of their Army they concluded to stay and watch our motion The Battle at the Boyne On the Irish side were killed my Lord Dungan my The number of the Dead Lord Carlingford Sir Neal O Neal with a great number of other Officers and about Thirteen or Fourteen hundred Soldiers and we lost on our side nigh Four hundred but the loss of Duke Schonberg who was killed soon after the first of our Forces passed the River near the little Village called Old-Bridge was much more considerable than all that fell that day on both sides whom his very Enemies always called a Brave Man and a Great General whose Name will make a considerable Figure in History whilst there are such places as Germany Flanders France England and Ireland Monsieur Callimot a brave and worthy Gentleman died soon after him of his Wounds having followed that great man in most of his Fortunes whose elder Brother the Marquess Ruvigny had Duke Schonberg's Regiment of French Horse bestowed upon him by the King For the further Particulars of this Battel and what hapned during the preceding Campaign and also the most material Circumstances of this I refer the Reader to the First Part of this History already printed Some will pretend to say That his Majesty was a little too soon in the passing his Foot over the River for the Left Wing of the Irish Army seemed resolved to fight Douglass but when they heard how things went at Old-Bridge they retreated immediately towards Duleek and so marched off untouched But there was a very good reason for what his Majesty did in this case for it was about a quarter past Ten when our Foot first entred the River and if the King had deferred it an hour longer then the Tide which generally comes up above Old-Bridge would certainly have prevented our men from passing either there or below so that the Right Wing of our Army had been exposed to the hazard of fighting all theirs and the rest not able to come to their relief till possibly it had been too late and this may serve to answer whatever can be objected in that case The late King at the beginning of this Battel stood by an old Church near the Village called Dunore but assoon as he saw his men give way he made haste to Duleek and from thence to Dublin whither he got that Evening by Nine a Clock and early next morning sent for the Popish Lord-Mayor with some other Officers of the City and gave them a charge not to burn it and then going towards Bray scarce looked behind him afterwards till he got to Waterford and so on Ship-board for France leaving his poor Teagues to fight it out or do what they pleased for him And what was more remarkable finding some of the Frigats at Waterford that were to go upon the Project of Burning our Ships he told them all was lost and that it was past time and so took them along with him which prevented any further Attempts upon our Ships Whilst his present Majesty King William gave his Army other kind of Proofs both of his Courage and Conduct having a Soul far above Fear or any thing that may look mean in so Great a Prince Nor ever had an Army a more entire Affection for their chief Commander than his Majesty 's for him his Resolution being always undaunted and their only Fear being for his Majesty's Person And whatever difference happens hereafter between his Majesty and his Army can only be this That they desire to stand between his Person and all Danger but he always has a mind to put himself between them and it May we long therefore have such a General in a King and he not only Soldiers but Subjects too of all other Professions that honour him to that degree Those of our English Forces that were engaged and had opportunity to shew themselves gave signal demonstrations of their Courage and Bravery the Inniskilliners and French too both Horse and Foot did good service and the Dutch Guards deserve no small Honour for their
contrived towards the King's Island 206 A Breach made in the Wall 210 Guns planted near St. Thomas's Island 213 Collonel Earl sent into England 214 My Lord Lisburn killed 215 A Party pass the River upon a Bridge of Boats 216 The Irish in a great Consternation 217 Debates whether the Siege should be continued or turned into a Blockade 220 Orders in case of an Alarm 222 Our Forces pass the River a second time 223 The Attack at Thoumond Bridge where six hundred of the Enemy were killed 224 A Remarkable Paper found in the Pocket of a Collonel in the Irish Army 225 The Enemy beat a Parley 228 A Cessation agreed to Hostages exchanged 229 230 The Irish Proposals rejected by the Generals ibid. Articles agreed to 231 The General 's Letter to Sir Ralph Delaval giving him an Account of the Cessation 232 A brief Account of what happened in other parts of the Kingdom during this Month 268 c. CHAP. IX THE Lords Justices come to the Camp 238 The Articles signed ibid. The Articles at large both Civil and Military with Their Majesties Confirmation of them 239 c. Our men take possession of the Irish Town 256 A Lieutenant-Collonel imprisoned for denying to go into France 257 A Declaration from the General 258 My Lord Lucan's Arguments to the Irish to persuade them to go into France 260 Their Foot drawn out and put to the trial ibid. The Lords Justices return towards Dublin ibid. Our Army decamps and goes to Quarters 263 Some of the Irish go towards Cork 264 CHAP. X. THE Campaign ended and Irish Prisoners of War released 268 Some Rapparees deliver up their Arms 269 A Proclamation of pardon to the rest ibid. The Ulster Irish return home with their Cattle 270 The French Fleet comes into the Shannon 271 Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick answered 275 The last of the Irish march from Limerick 281 The General goes to Dublin and thence for England 288 Major-General Mackay and Major-General Talmash go for England 284 The Danes ordered to be shipt off ibid. Fortifications of Ballymore and Mullingar demolished 285 Our Transport Ships that carry the Irish return from France 288 The Late King's Letter to the Irish at their Landing 289 Their Reception in France ibid. My Lord Lucan's Release to the General 292 The Irish that stay'd with us very unruly in their Quarters Orders and Instructions for breaking them all except two Battalions 294 295 The Oaths taken according to the New Act of Parliament 296 An Order to turn out all Papists from our Regiments 297 A Proclamation declaring the War of Ireland ended 302 CHAP. XI A Brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland 304 Its Division into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes Cities and Corporations It s Soil c. 305 306 Sir John Davis's Reasons why Ireland has been so long in being intirely subjected to the Crown of England 307 What Tavistry is 309 This a Reason why the Irish did not improve their Country 310 Of Fosterings and Cosherings ibid. Ireland ought to be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden 314 What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them 315 A brief Account of the Expences of the former War ibid. An Essay towards the Charge of this 316 A modest conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides and in the Country during the VVar 317 The Interest of England to advance the power of the English in Ireland 318 Our Ancestors sensible of this 320 The former Evils still remain ibid. The Interest of the Irish-Papists themselves to advance the Power of England 321 Two Objections answered 322 Religion in the first place to be taken care of 323 An Invasion from France at this Juncture upon any of these three Kingdoms not practicable 326 A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it 328 A Continuation of the Impartial History OF THE WARS of IRELAND CHAP. I. A brief Account by way of Introduction of the Cause of the War The state of the Protestants in that Kingdom The Late King 's landing there The Sessions of Parliament in Ireland Protestants Routed at Drummore and other Places Derry Besieged and Relieved The Irish beat at Croom Castle Duke Sconberg lands in August 1690. Carigfergus Surrendred Newry Burnt The Army march'd to Dundalk And Encamp there nigh ten Weeks Sligo taken by the Irish A Party of theirs Repulsed at Newry The Battel of Cavan The Danes land in Ireland 5000 French Foot land at Kinsale Charlemont Surrendred THE Actions of Great Men have generally been esteemed so powerful for the instructing of those that come after that most Civil States have made it their Business to Transcribe and preserve them to posterity for their Example and Imitation Even the Irish themselves when they were far from being one of the most Reformed Nations in the World had their Bards and Ballad-makers who have taken no small pains in their way to render the Chieftains of their own Country as famous as others Nay the Greatest Generals and Emperors have in the midst of their Conquests imployed some of their time to leave the immortal Memory of their own and other Great Mens Actions in writing the omission of which has been a great defect in the middle Age of the World since those are commonly the most Competent Judges of the management of Affairs and ablest to give a true Account But because in this Fighting Age wherein we now live their time is other ways imployed and Great Men have scarce leisure to read much less to write great Books we must be contented to take the best Accounts we can get of their Actions from meaner Hands such as have been Eye-witnesses of them or at least have good grounds for what they tell us And forasmuch as the Disturbances in Ireland have made so great a noise in the Ears of all Europe whilst they lasted and my self as a constant Attendant on their Majesties Army having been an Eye-witness to the most Remarkable Occurrences I shall not scruple to tell the World all I know which as it is for the most part little else but the bare matter of Fact I hope it may not be despised though it come from so mean a Hand and in so homely a Dress I need not trouble the Reader with a long Discourse about the Occasion of the War The general Aversion of the People of England to Popery and their being ill treated by a Prince of that Persuasion made such a sudden Change in that Kingdom as the like never happened before in any Age or Countrey But Ireland was under different Circumstances the Roman-Catholick Party being there by much the stronger at least more numerous of whom my Lord Tyrconnell had during the late King's Reign been modelling an Army that might be ready on all Occasions to maintain the Popish Interest by which the Protestants in that Kingdom were brought upon the very brink of Ruine and then
killed with a great Shot from one of our Batteries as he rid down the Hill of Monsiuer St. Ruth killed Killkomodon the place where the main stress of the Battle was fought being just under the Enemies Camp When Monsieur St. Ruth fell one of his Retinue threw a Cloak upon his Corps and soon after removed him beyond the Hill his Guard going off at the same time which the Irish Horse perceiving a great many of them drew off also I never could learn what became of his Corps some say that he was left stript amongst the other dead when our men pursued beyond the Hill and others that he was thrown into a Bogg However tho the man had an ill Character in being one of the greatest Persecutors of the Protestants in France yet we must allow him to be very brave in his Person and indeed considerable in his Conduct since he brought the Irish to fight a better Battle than ever their Nation could boast of before And this was the reason as the Irish report that the General being killed tho it was not presently known yet their Army was soon in Confusion for want of Orders and so the Horse forced to draw off But the truth of it was the Irish before they began to shrink had behaved themselves beyond all expectation and had fought longer than ordinary yet when they saw our Horse come over so dangerous a Pass and our Foot in the Centre Rally and resolve to dye every man rather than be beat back again the Irish then thought they must be beat if the other would not so that notwithstanding all their advantages of Hedges and Ground Sun and Wind they were forced to quit one advantagious Post and after that another till being beat from Ditch to Ditch they were driven up to the Top of the Hill of Killkomodon where The Irish Army Routed their Camp had laid which being levelled and they exposed to our Shot more openly they began now to run down right the Foot towards a great Bogg behind them on their Left and the Horse on the High-way towards Loughreagh The Irish upon their advantage in the Centre of the Battle had taken some Prisoners as has been said but not being able to carry them off they killed Col. Herbert and one or two more which several have lookt upon as a piece of cruelty and yet it 's no more than what has been often practised in such Cases and that to a greater degree for at the Battle of Agincourt Fought between Hen. 5th of England and Charles the 6th of France upon the 24th of Octob. 1414. the number of the Prisoners taken by the English being very great and King Henry after the Battle perceiving fresh Troops of the King of Sicill's to appear in the Field and these strong enough without any new rallyed Forces to Encounter his wearied Soldiers that he might not therefore have both Prisoners to Guard and an Enemy to fight at once he commanded every man to kill his Prisoner contrary to his Generous Nature which was immediately done some principal men excepted and then upon his Message to the Enemy either to Fight or immedately to quit the Field they chose the latter And some say that My Lord Galway had hard measure from some of our Foreign Toopers who kill'd him after he had surrendered himself a Prisoner not to themselves but to some others The place where this Battle was fought will make a noise in History for the future tho there 's nothing worth taking notice of near it For that which they call the Castle of Aghrim is only an old ruinous Building with some Walls and Ditches about it and never has been a place of any Strength only as it 's seated upon a Pass There are about half a score little Cabbins on the other side a small Brook with the Ruins of a little Church and a Priory Dedicated to St. Catherine and founded by the Butlers the whole being at this day the Estate of the D. of Ormond After things went clear on our side this old Castle Aghrim Castle taken was taken and a great many put the Sword in it Col. Burk the Commander his Major Eleven Officers more and Forty Soldiers were made Prisoners In this Battle we took from the Enemy nine pieces of Brass Cannon which they had planted at several places to their greatest advantage all their Ammunition Tents and Baggage with most of their small Arms which they threw away to run the faster we took also Eleven Standards and thirty two pair of Colours The General rewarding every one that brought any in the next day and sent them afterwards by my Lord O Bryan as a present to Her Majesty We killed seven Thousand of the Irish upon The number of the Dead the Spot as was generally believed and there could not be many fewer for looking amongst the Dead three days after when all our own and some of theirs were buried I reckoned in some small Inclosures 150 in others 120 c. lying most of them by the Ditches where they were Shot and the rest from the top of the Hill where their Camp had been looked like a great Flock of Sheep shattered up and down the Countrey for almost four Miles round And the Irish themselves tho they will not allow so many to be killed yet they own that they lost more which they could never have any account of except they stole home privately or else turned Rapparees We took also above four hundred and fifty Prisoners of the chief of whom and those killed there was shortly after a List in Print which time has informed me of some mistakes in tho possibly there may be some as yet remaining The General and Field Officers taken Prisoners 26. viz. Lord Duleek Lord Slane Lord Buffin Sir Nicholas Brown alias Lord Killmare Major General Dorrington Major Gen. John Hambleton Brigadeer Tuite Col. Walter Bourk Col. Gordon O Neal. Col. Butler of Kilkash Col. O Connel Col. Edmund Madden Lieut. Col. John Chappel Lieut. Col. John Butler Lieut. Col. Baggot Lieut. Col. John Border Lieut. Col Mack Genuis Lieut. Col. Rossiter Lieut. Col. Mack Guire Major Patrick Lawless Major Kelly Major Grace Major William Bourk Major Edmund Butler Major Edmund Broghill Major John Hewson with 30 Captains 25 Lieutenants 23 Ensig 5 Cor. 4 Quarter-masters and an Adjutant KILLED Monsieur St. Ruth General of the Irish Army Lord Killmallock Lord Galway Brigadeer Connel Brigad W. Mansfield Barker Brigad Hen. Mack J. O Neal. Col. Charles More his Lieut. Col. and Major Col. David Bourk Col. Vlick Bourk Col. Cohanaught Macguire Col. James Talbot Col. Arthur Col. Mahoony Lieut. Col. Morgan Major Purcel Major O Donnell Sir John Everard with several others not yet known besides at least five hundred Captains and Subaltern Officers We lost Seventy Three Officers who were killed in this Action with an Hundred and Eleven Wounded Six Hundred Soldiers were Killed and Nine Hundred and
delivering up their Arms a very small return being made through the whole Kingdom they keeping as yet some thousands of all sorts of Arms still concealed which I hope will effectually be taken care of in time The weather was now so violent that the Adventure of London was cast away going to Dublin and several other Ships lost in and about that Bay And the Swallow one of Their Majesties Ships was forced a ground nigh Charles-Fort at Kingsale and there foundred tho' all the Men were saved except two February the 12th John Stone Esq being dead and Captain South imployed elsewhere in the Army a new Commission was granted putting in their Places Colonel Foulks and William Palmer Esquires Commissioners for stating the Accounts of the Army And nigh the same time the Commissary General was sent into England with all the Muster Rolls February 16. the weather breaking up part of my Lord Oxford's Horse driven back by stress of weather Lieutenant General Ginckel's and Major General Ruvigney's Horse with the Princess Anns Foot were all Shipp'd for England The same day Lieutenant General Scravemore went on Board as did Brigadier Leveson in a day or two after Colonel Coy's Horse also are Shipp'd off at Belfast and the Garison of Athlone that had been very uneasie to the Officers and Souldiers all Winter by reason they had no shelter except some small Hutts of their own making was now relieved February the 20th the Commissioners of the Ordnance Arms and Ammunition sent for England had an Order directed to them to send all the Stores of Amunition and other Stores of War that cou'd be spared out of the Magazines for England to be employed elsewhere in Their Majesties Service and accordingly March 1692. a vast quantity of Arms and other Utensils of War were Shipt off February 28 Captain Townsend of the Earl of Meath's Regiment took eight or ten French Men Prisoners who had come a Shoar from a Privateer nigh Castle-Haven and we had an Account from England that His Majesty had Created Lieutenant General Ginckel Baron of Aghrim and Earl of Athlone February 26 An Order was directed to Colonel Foulk to break my Lord George Hambleton's Regiment which was done accordingly in some days after 150 ' of the Men being sent for England and the rest entertained in the Earl of Drogheda's Brigadier Stuart's Sir Henry Ballasis and Colonel Foulk's Regiments March the first a Pass was given out for a Ship to The Hostages go from Cork to France go to France with the Hostages left at Cork and other sick Officers and Souldiers according to the Articles of Limerick And on the third another Order was granted to Colonel Foulk for the raising five Companies of 100 Men in each of the Irish all the subaltern Officers to be of those Reformed in Colonel Wilson's and O Donnel's Battalions and the whole to be commanded by my Lord Iveigh and employed in the Emperor's Service And March the fifth an Order was directed to Mr. Foliot Sherigly chief Deputy Commissary to Disband the Troop of Provoes which was done accordingly March the 17th Lieutenant-General Ruvigny Landed Lieutenant General Ruvigny lands in Ireland from England being made Commander in chief of the Army left in Ireland and Created by his Majesty Lord Viscount Galway and two days after his Lordship and the Lord Viscount Blessington were Sworn of Their Majesties Privy Council as the Bishop of Kildare had been some time before And March the 23 d. the following Proclamation was Published declaring the War of Ireland to be at an end 1692 WILLIAM REX WHEREAS by An Act made in Our Parliament A Proclamation declaring the Wars of Ireland ended at Westminster in the First Year of Our Reign Intituled An Act for the better Security and Relief of Their Majesties Protestant Subjects of Ireland it was among other things Enacted that all and every Person and Persons whatsoever of the Protestant Religion should be absolutely Discharged and Acquitted of and from the Payment of all Quit-Rents Crown-Rents Composition-Rents Hearth-Money Twentieth Parts Payments and other Chief Rents arising or Payable out of any Houses Lands Tenements Hereditaments Rectories Tyths or Church-Livings incurring or becoming due to us at any time after the Five and Twentieth Day of December in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight until the said Kingdom of Ireland shou'd be by us declared to be reduced and the War and Rebellion there ended We have now pursuant to the said Act of Parliament thought fit by and with the Advice of Our Privy Council to Issue this Our Royal Proclamation hereby Declaring that the said Kingdom of Ireland is reduced to Our Obedience and the War and Rebellion there ended And We do hereby Will and Require that all and Singular such Rents and Payments and all other Duties payable to the Crown which shall henceforth grow incur and become due be duely answered and payed to us in such manner and under such Penalties and Forfeitures as if the said Act had not been made Given at Our Court at Kensington the Third Day of March 1691 2. in the Fourth Year of Our Reign God save the King and Queen After which time little of moment happened save March 1692. that the Lords Justices by Directions from Their Majesties appointed a time for those that pretended to the Benefit of the Articles of Limerick or Galway to give in their Names and make good their claims by the 20th of February which time was by Proclamation enlarged to the first of April and afterwards to the 15th Wednesday the sixth of April was appointed the first Day to begin upon those Claims all those concerned being to enter their Names sometime before with the Clerk of the Council which Names were to be posted up at least ten Days before their Cause was to be heard their Claims being to be made out by at least three Credible Witnesses one of which was to be a Protestant Accordingly on the sixth of April the Council met upon this Affair and continued every Monday Wednesday and Friday so to do which was a much easier way and more to the Interest and Advantage of the Irish than any Court of Claims erected only for that purpose cou'd have been CHAP. XI A brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland The Division of it into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes The Soil of Ireland Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland was so long in being entirely subjâ—cted to the Crown of England What Tanistry is This a reason why the Irish did not improve their Country Of Fosterings and Cosherings A Brief Estimate of the Expence of the former Wars of Ireland An Essay towards the reckoning the Charge of this last The former evils still remain The Interest of the King and People of England in general to advance the Power and Trade of the English in Ireland The Interest also of the Roman Catholicks
Prosperity of Ireland that thereby it might not only support it self in time of Peace but defend and maintain it self in War which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do For what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger since if ever a Foreign Enemy Surprize and Possess Ireland especially the French then England must maintain a greater Standing Force to secure themselves than wou'd have secured Ireland if imploy'd in its defence it being no groundless Saying of some Old-fashion'd Poet. He that wou'd England win Must with Ireland first begin For tho' in former times when little or no Shipping appear'd upon these narrow Seas and France and other Countries knew not what it was to have a Fleet and there was but small Commerce even between England and Ireland themselves yet in this active Age of the World it wou'd go very hard with England if the French shou'd possess Ireland who have all the Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest and if they had Cork Baltimire and Bantry where wou'd our Western Trade be Besides by the possessing the Eastern Coasts of Ireland they wou'd surround three parts in four of England and a great part of Scotland and cou'd Invade either when they pleas'd which wou'd necessitate England to be always at the Charge of a Considerable Standing Army and then farewell both their Wealth and long enjoy'd Liberty And so sensible have our Ancestors been of something or other to be done in this Affair that Sir Henry Sidney that most excellent Governour who had spent great part of his time in that Kingdom holding a Parliament Our Ancestors sensible of this there for a Subsidy in the Eleventh Year of Queen Elizabeth He with the Lords and Commons in the Preamble to the Act of Parliament thus express themselves to the Queen Considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom that your Noble Progenitors have exhausted for the Government Defence and Preservation of Your Majesties Realm of Ireland c. Which Evils still remaining the Remedies are as yet The former Evilâ— still remain to be found out at least to be put in practice for tho' the War be now happily ended yet there are at this day at least three differnt Interests on Foot in that Kingdom the English Irish and Scots the first of which seem to be the least concern'd in their own advancement but the last gain ground daily in the North there being at least Ten Thousand People come thither out of Scotland within these Twelve Months which in time will make their Party Considerable for the People of England live better than the Scots at home and so are not so easily invited to look abroad Whereas the Scots their part of Ireland by this means in a few Years is like to be more than it has been And as to the Irish every one sees their indefatigable Industry in promoting the Interest of their own Party no discouragements being able to blunt but rather serve to sharpen their endeavours for the effecting of what they believe may be some steps towards their future Prosperity making every particular Man's Case a general Grievance and each assisting other as being all concerned in the same general cause whilst the English even in that Country who still feel the smart of their former Calamities will yet rather sett their Lands to an Irish Man or a Scot that shall give them Sixpence in an Acre more and never improve it further than to an English Farmer that if he had Encouragement wou'd in a few Years make good Improvements which will still continue one great reason why Ireland will not easily be made an English Country But I can carry the matter yet higher and affirm that The Interest of the Irish Papists themselves to Advance the Power of England it 's the real Interest of the Roman Catholicks of Ireland themselves whether of Irish or English Extraction to promote that of England as much as they can in their Country if they will but consult the future safety of themselves and their Posterity since without the support of some other Nation they can never hope of themselves to be an Independant Kingdom and if they were we scarcely can find out how they wou'd agree amongst themselves who should Command or who Obey which they never could yet from the beginning do and what did the Irish ever get by accompanying either their Lords or Followers into Rebellion Or what should they have gotten if the late Attempt had absolutely succeded but a more absolute Servitude under the French And therefore it 's better for them to have their old English Friends they have been so long acquainted with than run the hazard of either setting up new Tyrants of their own or having them come to 'em from abroad Besides if the English Interest were strong and powerful in Ireland this wou'd cut off the hopes of all disaffected People for ever thinking to withstand it and wou'd make them reject all Tenders from abroad and Inticements from their Jesuited Priests at home and never wou'd they more run such desperate Risks which still fall upon their own heads at last so that if the English Interest were so fortified that all hopes of removing it were cut off the Irish would not be prevailed upon to make such destructive attempts to themselves and Posterities as they often have done hitherto by the Insinuations of their Priests who have nothing to lose nor Families to provide for but only hazard the Lives and Fortunes of others that have both Since as Sir William Petty observes there are and ever will be in England Men ready for any Exploit and Change either by being discontented with their present Condition or otherways well inclined to the service more than are sufficient to quell any Insurrection which the Irish can make and abide by Which wou'd spare both the Blood and Treasure of England if those of that Nation in Ireland cou'd do it of themselves There are only two Objections that I know of which Two Objections answered seem to be considerable against this Opinion of promoting the Trade and Wealth of Ireland The first that if Ireland should be encouraged so far as to make it altogether an English Country it would drain the wealth and Inhabitants of England to that degree that we should impoverish our selves by putting our Trade into their hands who wou'd be equal if not Superiour to us in a small time since their Country lies as Convenient in all respects for Trade as ours and has several Advantages above it Answer This would rather incourage England to be more industrious in Trade and Manufactures when they saw their younger Sister of Ireland by having the same priviledges of Trade with her self begin to contend with her in this particular and would create a profitable emulation amongst the People of both Kingdoms since I have not that Opinion of Trade that
News to one another but not one in twenty either at work in the Fields or otherways Honestly imploy'd which is the Reason that at this very day most of the Goals of the Kingdom are filled with Thieves and the Streets with incredible numbers of importunate houling Beggars who yet most of them had rather Live so than otherways But I 'm afraid a great many People will think I have been too busie and therefore I have only this to say further that notwithstanding all the Wagers that have been proffer'd of late whether Ireland would not be in the French King's Hands by such a time I dare freely venture one of as great value as I am able that tho' he begin to morrow it will not be in his Power with all the Force he can spare to take it from that handful of Men left in that Kingdom for its security these Seven Years for if the Irish who were but indifferently provided for at best were able to hold it out so long against all the Power and Strength of England what can Men that have better Supplies and full as good Hearts do And as for those vain hopes of that unhappy Party An Invasion from France upon any of the three Kingdoms not very practicable at this time who are still buoyed up with the Fancy of the French King's Greatness and that he will at some time or other certainly make an Invasion either upon England Scotland or Ireland any who know what War means can assure them that it 's much sooner said than done For if his present Majesty of England was obliged to imploy nigh 600 Vessels when at his first coming he Transported only 14000 Men into this Kingdom and if the Irish War has for Three Years past imployed such a considerable number of Transport Ships in that narrow Channel between England and Ireland which lye so convenisently and contiguous one to another what Provision must needs be made in France for such an Attempt as an Invasion upon any of the Three Kingdoms which if it miscarries they are certainly undone For suppose the French still a match for our Fleet which I hope they will never be now whilst the World stands and the French Invasion designed upon England tho' there be a Factious and unnaturally discontented Party there that are no well wishers to the present Government vet there are so many Loyal and True Hearted English-Men still left at home that all the Ships in France are not able to Transport Men enough from thence to subdue them since we know their affection to both the French and Irish that are with them should they once indeavour to look into England whose Strength is in the Hearts and Affections of the People intirely devoted to Their Majesties Service I allow that 20000 well Disciplin'd and Experienc'd Men are able to beat four times the number of Raw unexperienc'd Country People but then I leave the English standing Army and a well Disciplined Militia especially in and about the City of London to shew how unwelcome the French wou'd be to them And as for Scotland its Soyl in most places is Naturally poor and barren and an Army of Foreigners Landed there must either eat Heath or one another in a small time if once they leave the Coast for admit they have Provisions brought by Sea into their Harbours yet the Country in few places is so level as to admit of either a marching Train of Artillery or of Provision Waggons which an Army has no Business any where without and soon wou'd look very foolish for want of suppose but an indifferent Enemy to oppose them Then as for an Invasion to be made upon Ireland the Country is already so destroyed by being the Seat of War that whosoever attempts it must bring all from abroad likewise as well Horses as Provisions which is no easie Task of it self suppose no opposition either at Sea or in the Country but then our Garrisons especially upon the Coasts are made so strong to our Hands by the Irish themselves by the help and directions of the best French Ingineers and are Manned with part of an Experienced and Victorious Army that it will not be the work of a few days to pick any of them out of our hands since there is Ammunition Artillery and Provisions suitable to each Garrison's Necessities And as an advantage to the established standing Army now in Ireland consisting of Colonel Woolsley's Horse Colonel Wynns and Colonel Eiklin's Dragoons Sir Jo. Hanmer's Briggadeer Stuart's Colonel Gustavus Hambleton's Earl of Drogheda's Sir Henry Bellisis Colonel Roe's Colonel Coot's Colonel St. John's Colonel Muthelburms and Colonel Creighton's Foot besides Colonel Frederick Hambleton's and three French Regiments all upon the Irish Establishment as also the Earl of Donegal's Foot and Colonel Cunningham's Dragoons now raising besides all these I say what deserves no mean Character is the Militia of Ireland being formerly at least Twenty Five Thousand Men and tho' they cannot make so many now this War having destroy'd a great many Protestants yet whoever serve now upon that account are all well Armed and Experienced Active Men which circumstances being all known to France they will scarce hazard all upon such uncertainties suppose they were really at leisure to do it as an Invasion upon any of their Majesties Dominions must needs prove It may also be remembred that the Spanyards in the A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it Year 1588 had not only a great mind to Ireland but with a powerful Army endeavoured also to Invade England in which Attempt their loss was so considerable that they have not as yet recover'd it And the disappointment that the French King met withall the very last Year in such another undertaking gives us more than ordinary hopes that thro' God's Blessing it will always so be done to the Enemies of England FINIS
forced most of them to fly from thence to secure their Lives against an Insolent and ungovernable Irish Army who by order from the Government seized upon all the Horses and Arms they could find in the Hands of the Protestants throughout the Kingdom and made all possible Preparations to resist a powerful Army from England which was but reasonable to look for since it 's so inconsistent with the Laws Interest and Policy of this Kingdom to have Ireland in any other hands but their own On the 12th of March the Late King with about The Late King lands in Ireland 1800 men from France landed at Kinsale in the West of Ireland And on the 14th several of the Northern Protestants that had betaken themselves to Arms were routed at a place called Drummore by Lieut. Gen. Hambleton who was some time before sent into Ireland to treat with my Lord Tyrconnel to deliver up the Sword but joining with his Lordship and the Irish at his Landing he was preferred to that Post He had with him at Drummore about 2000 of the Irish standing Army and nigh as many Rapareers though he killed but few of the Protestants they making a Running Fight of it as others also did at Killileigh Claudyfoord and some other Places several flying into England or Scotland though the most resolute amongst them went towards London-Derry where in a short time they were actually besieged by the greatest part of the Irish Army And then the Irish make Preparations for the sitting of their Parliament which was on the 7th of May 1689. wherein all the mere Irish were admitted as An Irish Parliament called Members and most of the English Nobility Gentry Clergy and substantial Tradesmen of that Kingdom were attainted by name their Estates and Goods being declared forfeited if they returned not by a certain day which to the greatest part was next to an impossibility There were some Protestants however in this Parliament who endeavoured to do their Absent Brethren and the Protestant Interest all the faithful service imaginable particularly the Bishop of Meath who made several excellent Speeches in the House of Lords in opposition to their Proceedings but the Current was then too strong to be stopt and whoever endeavoured it their Attempts were fruitless But the greatest Thorn in their sides at that time in The Siege of London-derry Ireland was the City of London-derry which contemned both their Threats and fair Promises baffling the chieâ— of their Forces for at least Four Months together without any extraordinary Supplies from England till they were reduced to the last Extremity Yet on the 25th of March the Besieged had some Arms and Ammunition brought them by Captain James Hambleton And on the 13th of April Collonel Richards and Collonel Cunningham were sent with Two Regiments from England to their Assistance who coming to the Lough of Derry and being ordered to obey the then Governour Lundy's directions they were told by him That the Town could not hold out a Week and that their coming in would only be the loss of their men and the Besieged also and advised them to return which they did tho they lost their Regiments upon it A GROUND PLAT OF LONDON-DERRY tc Then went Major-General Kirk with his own Regiment Sir John Hanmer's and Brigadier Stuart's who anchor'd in the Lough Two Months during which Major-General Kirk sent to their relief time a great many French Commanders were sent to the Irish Camp and also the late King himself went down to encourage the Besiegers fresh Supplies of men going thither daily but all to no purpose which when he saw how unsuccessful the Attempts of his Irish Army against the Town were like to prove it 's confidently reported that he exprest himself to this effect That if he had had as many English-men in his Army as he had of others they would have brought him it stone by stone ere that But being weary of so tedious a Siege he returned to Dublin and at last the Dartmonth Frigat forced her way up to the Town and the Irish raised their Siege on the last of July The Management of this Affair was blamed by some of themselves who were either for pushing on the Siege with their whole Army or else for making a Blockade and so going into Scotland with the rest of the Army as my Lord Melfort advised and as my Lord Dunee earnestly writ for several times but some of the Irish Officers advised the late King to a Medium by making a slow and regular Siege which would teach his men to be the better Soldiers but thereby he lost his opportunity in not sending to reinforce Dundee whereby he might at least have changed the seat of the War Nor were the Inniskilliners behind their Neighbours of Derry in opppsing the Irish on all occasions for besides several Actions of moment performed by them at other times the very day before the Siege of Derry was raised the Inniskilliners hearing of about Six thousand of the Irish Army commanded by Major-General Mackarty commonly called my Lord Moncashel that were marching towards them in order to Besiege their Town also they very bravely met them nigh Twenty Miles from home and at a place called Newtown Butler near Croom-Castle they fought and routed the Irish killing and drowning in Loughs and Bogs nigh Three thousand The Battel at Newtown Butler Mackarty himself and some few more being taken Prisoners The whole Body of the Inniskilliners both Horse and Foot were not above Two thousand and scarce Twenty of those were killed with about Fifty more wounded This I have had confirmed by several very good men of that Party and it 's in a great measure owned by the Irish themselves After these Affronts the Irish Army retire into Leinster Duke Schonberg lands with an Army in Ireland and Munster in order to recruit and refresh themselves when they had soon an account to their sorrow That Duke Schonbergh General of all Their Majesties of Great Britain's Forces was landed with an Army at Bangor in the North of Ireland This was on Tuesday August the 13th and on the 17th the General with his Army marched to Belfast from whence on the 20th he sent Five Regiments of Foot with some Horse to Invest the Town of Carrickfergus and the next day followed himself with the remainder of the Army There were Two Regiments of Foot in the Town under Mackarty Moore the Governor and Owen Mackarty who held it out till the 27th at what time the following Articles were agreed to and signed Articles of Agreement between Frederick Duke of Schonbergh General of Their Majesties Forces and Col. Charles Mackarty Moore Governor of Carrickfergus August 27. 1689. Art I. THAT the Garison shall march out with flying Articles of Carrickfergus Colours Arms lighted Matches and their own Baggage to morrow by Ten a Clock II. That in regard the Garison are in such Disorders none be admitted into
of the Regiments and the numbers in each to be 39320 Foot 3471 Horse and 2480 Dragoons which in all make an Army of 50271. besides their Rapparees in all the Corners of the Countrey but these were all that they had to man the whole Garisons of Ireland so that they were not above 27000 at the Boyn besides the French But to return About the 8th or 9th of July it was known abroad That His Majesty had an Account of the Misfortune of the English and Dutch Fleets at which time he divided his Army and marched himself towards Kilkenny with the greatest part of it For though His Majesty was sensible that going with his whole Army towards Athlone and so into Connaght was the readiest way to reduce the Irish yet having some Reasons to apprehend that the French after the Battel of Flerus might send off Detachments from their Army and so disturb England or at least send part of their Fleet and burn his Transport-Ships he made hast to secure Waterford Haven for them since the Bay of Dublin is no Place of safety Sending at the same time Lieutenant-General Douglas with three Regiments of Horse two of Dragoons and ten of Foot towards Athlone Ffty miles to the Northwest from Dublin before which Place he came on the 17th with the aforesaid Party Twelve Field-pieces and two small Mortars The Irish burnt and deferted that part of Athlone on Leinster side the Bridge called the English Town But seeing our Party and our Train not suitable to such an Undertaking and having three Regiments of Foot nine Troops of Dragoons and two of Horse in and about the Town with a fresh supply of Forces not far off they positively refused to deliver up the Place which Lieutenant-General Douglas seeing no hopes of forcing them to on Friday the 25th early in the morning he raised his Siege and marched to join the King's Army again having not lost above Thirty men before the place but near Three hundred by Sickness and other Accidents Our rising from before that Town did so puff up the Irish that one Malady the Late King 's High Sheriff for the County of Longford got at least Three thousand of the Rabble or such like People together near Mullingar where they hectored and swaggered for some days but Collonel Woolsley with his own Horse and two Regiments of Foot being sent back to secure that part of the Countrey about Forty of his Horse being an Advance Guard fell in with a Party of the Irish towards the Evening which giving the Alarm to the rest they immediately began to disperse and every man to shift for himself and Night coming on our Party had only the opportunity of killing about Thirty of them High Sheriff Malady himself being wounded and never since able to raise such another posse Commitatus But to return to His Majesty's Camp which on the 9th he pitched at a place called Cromlin two miles to the West of Dublin where the King setled the method A Commission about Forfeited Goods of granting Protections according to his Declaration And then gave a Commission to Francis Earl of Longford Anthony Lord Bishop of Meath Robert Fitz-Gerald Esq Sir Henry Fane Doctor Gorge William Robinson Esq Joseph Coghlin Esq Edward Corker Esq and Henry Davis Esq or any five of them to enquire into seize and secure all Forfeitures to the Crown by the General Rebellion of the Irish Nation This Commission empowered them to appoint Deputies to summon and swear Witnesses to call the Justices of the Peace and Deputy-Lieutenants to their Assistance to let Leases for a year and in doubtful Cases to consult the Judges learned in the Law and this Power of theirs to continue until a more legal method could be put in practice when the Courts of Judicature were open The Bishop of Meath whether his Lordship was sensible of the Defect of the Commission at first or else did not like the Proceedings of some of the rest he soon forbore his attendance at their Meetings but several of the rest proceeded in their Business and took possession of Goods of all sorts as well in the Hands of Roman-Catholicks and on their Grounds as in the hands of Protestants where they had been left by their Catholick Neighbours upon which account those Gentlemen had the misfortune to be much censured afterwards as well by some in the Countrey where they made Seisures as by the Commissioners of Their Majesty's Revenue who complained of the small Returns made into the Exchequer This occasioned several of the above-named Gentlemen who had been imployed to make a representation of their Case afterwards to the Lords Justices which I have seen and it was to this effect That amongst a great many Discouragements in so troublesome an Imployment their Commission it self was so defective that it seemed a perfect Snare to them contrary to the intent or Interest of His Majesty in that it gave them power to seize upon all Forfeitures but not to dispose of any except of Lands by lease for a year by which means the Goods seized by the Commissioners and their Deputies were often either stole or forced away sometimes by the Army and at other times by the Rapparees after they had been at great charge about them And a great many other things they have to say for themselves by which it appears that those Aspersions cast upon some of them were groundless though others of them or where-ever the fault else laid some I say there were who did Their Majesties Affairs no great Advantage nor themselves much Credit by their management But this being a matter of publick Concern is none of my business to look into His Majesty then marched forwards and from a Wexford secured Place called Castledermot sent Brigadier Eppinger with a Party of One thousand Horse and Dragoons to secure Wexford which before his Arrival was deserted by the Irish Garison The King all along upon his march was acquainted with the Disorders and Confusion of the Irish Army and of their speedy marches to Limerick and other Strong Holds The 19th His Majesty dined at Kilkenny a Walled Town wherein stands a Castle belonging to the Duke of Ormond which had been preserved by Count Lauzun with all the Goods and Furniture And next day His Majesty Clonmel quitted by the â—ish understood that the Enemy had quitted Clonmell whither Count Sconberg marched with a Body of Horse Monday the 21st The Army marched to Carrick where the King received an Account of the state of Waterford and whither Major-General Kirk went Waterford and Duncannon Fort surrendred next morning with a Party to summon the Town wherein were two Regiments of the Irish who submitted upon condition to march out with their Arms As did also the strong Fort of Duncannon in a day or two after which gave His Majesty sufficient shelter for all his Shipping When Waterford was surrendered His Majesty in Person went to view it where
he admitted my Lord Dover to a more particular Protection than ordinary because he had applied himself formerly by a Letter to Major-General Kirk to desire a Pass for himself and Family to go into Flanders His Majesty at his return to the Camp declared The King intends for England his Resolution to go for England and leaving Count Solmes Commander in Chief he went as far as Chappel-Izard nigh Dublin with that Intention ordering one Troop of Guards Count Sconberg's Horse formerly my Lord Devonshires Collonel Matthews's Dragoons Brigadier Trelawny's and Collonel Hastings's And sends some Forces thither Foot to be shipt off for that Kingdom And on the first of August His Majesty published a Second Declaration not only confirming and strengthening the former but also adding That if any Foreigners then in Arms against him in that Kingdom would submit they should have Passes to go into their own Countries or whither else they pleased A Proclamation was also published for all the Irish in the Countrey to deliver up their Arms and those who refused or neglected to be abandoned to the Discretion of the Soldiers As also another Proclamation for a Weekly Fâ—st And then His Majesty appointed Richard Pine Esq Sir Richard Reves and Robert Rochfort Esq Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal who began now to act accordingly But the King received a further Account from England But returns to the Camp That the loss at Sea was not so considerable as it was at first given out and that there was no danger of any more French Forces landing in that Kingdom they having already burnt only a small Village and so were gone off without doing any further damage The danger of that being therefore over His Majesty returned to the Army which he found encamped at Golden Bridge nigh Cashell and about seventeen miles from Limrick where His Majesty had intelligence of the Posture of the Enemy in and about that City August the 8th Lieutenant-General Douglas and his Limerick Besieged Party from Athlone joined the King's Army at Cariganlis And on the 9th the whole Army approached that strong Hold of Limerick without any considerable loss the greatest part of their Army being Encampt beyond the River in the County of Clare His Majesty as soon as his Army was posted sent a Summons to the Town which was refused to be obeyed by Monsieur Boiseleau the Duke of Berwick Sarsfield and some more though a great part of their Army were even then willing to Capitulate Next Morning early the King sent a Party of Horse and Foot under Major-General Ginckell and Major-General Kirk to pass the River which they did near Sir Samuel Foxon's House about two miles above the Town The same day some Deserters from the Enemy gave his Majesty an account of their Circumstances and one of our own Gunners did as much for us who informed the Enemy of our Posture in the Camp as also of Eight Pieces of Cannon with Ammunition Provisions the Tin-Boats and several other Necessaries then upon the Road which Sarsfield with a Party of Horse and Dragoons had the luck to surprize two Some of our â—â—ns surprized days after at a little old Castle called Ballynedy within seven miles of our Camp killing about Sixty of the Soldiers and Waggoners and then marched off with little or no opposition tho his Majesty had given Orders for a Party of Horse to go from the Camp and meet the Guns the night before Tuesday the 12th Brigadier Stuart went with a Party Castle Connel taken and four Field-Pieces to Castle-Connel a Strong-hold upon the Shannon four miles from Limerick the besieged being 126 under one Captain Barnwell after some time submitted and were brought Prisoners to the Camp Sunday the 17th at night we opened our Trenches Our Trenches opened which were mounted by Seven Battalions under the Duke of Wirtenbergh Major-General Kirk Major-General Tetteau and Sir Henry Bellasts beating the Irish out of a Fort nigh two old Chimneys where about Twenty were killed and next night our Works were relieved by Lieutenant General Douglas my Lord Sidney Count Nassau and Brigadier Stuart with the like number and the day following we planted some new Batteries which his Majesty going to view as he was riding towards Ireton's Fort he stopt his Horse on a sudden to speak to an Officer a Four and twenty pound Ball the very moment grazing on the side of the Gap where his Majesty was going to enter which certainly must have dash'd him to pieces had not the commanding God of Heaven prevented it who still reserves him for greater matters This I saw being then upon the Fort as I did that other Accident at the Boyne before Wednesday the 20th we attack'd a Fort of the Enemies A Fort taken nigh the South East Corner of the Wall which we soon took and killed 50 taking a Captain and twelve men Prisoners and about an hour after the Enemy sallyed with great Bravery thinking to regain the Fort but were beat in with loss there being killed in the Fort and the Sally about Three hundred though we lost Captain Needham Captain Lacy and about Eighty private men A PROSPECT of LIMERICK BEARING DUE WEST Exactly shewing the Approaches Batteries Breach ct Sold by R. Chiswell in St. Pauls churchyard Next day the Soldiers were in hopes that his Majesty would give orders for a second Attack and seemed resolved to have the Town or lose all their lives but this was too great a risque to run at one place and they did not know how our Ammunition was sunk especially by the former day's work we continued however our Batteries and then a storm of Rain and other bad weather begun to threaten us which fell out on Friday the 29th in good earnest upon which his Majesty calling a Council of War it was concluded the safest way was to quit the Siege without which we could not have secured our heavy Cannon which we drew off from the Batteries by degrees and found much difficulty in marching them five miles next day Sunday the last of August all our His Majesty raised the Siege Army drew off most of the Protestants that lived in that part of the Countrey taking that opportunity of removing further into the Countrey with the Army and would rather leave their Estates and all their Substance in the Enemies hands than trust their persons any more in their power His Majesty seeing the Campaign nigh an end went towards Waterford where he appointed Henry Lord Viscount Sidney Sir Charles Porter and Tho. Conningsby Esq Lords Justices of Ireland and then setting And returns to England sail with a fair Wind for England his Majesty was welcomed thither with all the Joy and Satisfaction imaginable CHAP. III. September 1690. The French Forces quit Ireland Birr besieg'd by the Irish who draw off towards Banoher Bridge Count Solms 's Answer to the Duke of Berwick 's Letter Lieutenant-General
Ginckel made Commander in Chief of the Army Lords Justices begin their Government The Earl of Marlborough sent with a Fleet into Ireland Cork and Kinsale taken The Irish make Attempts upon our Frontiers Part of our Army move towards the Shannon Rapparees in the Bog of Allen Those People serviceable to the Irish Interest and how My Lord Tyrconnel returns from France Sarsfield made Earl of Lucan The Irish defeated at the Mote of Greenoge Several Adventures with the Rapparees and Parlies of the Irish Army Some of our Regiments take the Field at Mullingar ON the sixth of September our Army marched to Tipperary about fourteen Miles from Limerick where they begun to disperse towards their respective Quarters And we had an Account by some Deserters that my Lord Tyrconnel and all the French Forces were Ship'd off at The French leave Ireland Gallway for France The reason of this was also enquired after by a great many that the French shou'd absolutely quit Ireland at a time when we had raised our Siege which might have given them hopes of re-gaining the next Year what they lost this at least to defend the Province of Connaught against us and so protract the War beyond what they cou'd have hoped for if the Town had been taken and that if the want of Provisions was an Objection it was easier to carry those to the Men than bring the Men to their Provisions But the reason that I have heard given for their departure was That the late King appearing very unexpectedly in France at a time when all People were over-joyed with the News of the Battel of Flerus won at Land and a Victory also gained at Sea to palliate matters therefore as to himself he laid all the blame upon the Irish that they wou'd not fight but many of them laid down their Arms in such order as if they had been Exercising which indeed some of them did Upon which the Fr. K. concluding that all was lost in that Kingdom he sent Orders to Count Lauzun to make the best of a bad Market and so come off for France as well as he could with all his Men. But the Irish taking heart of grace at our Fleets and the Dutch Armies misfortunes they held out beyond expectation And those Orders of the French Kings not coming till after His Majesty had raised the Siege of Limerick Count Lauzun waited about twelve Days for a Countermand but that not appearing he set sail for France tho' he met with contrary Orders at Sea but then it was too late For His Majesty had been a Fortnight at London before they heard at Paris that the Siege of Limerick was raised which shewed that whatever good Intelligence they might have from England or Ireland at other times they wanted it now but whether the Wind was cross or what else was the reason I am uncertain About the fourteenth we heard that Sarsfield with a part of the Irish Army had marched over the Shannon at Banoher-Bridge and besieged the Castle of Birr wherein Birr besieged by the Irish was only a Company of Colonel Tiffin's Foot who stoutly defended the Castle the only temble place but Major-General Kirk marching thither with a part of our Army the Enemy quitted the Siege and marched off At this time Count Solms who commanded in Chief was at Cashel where he received a Letter by a Trumpeter from the Duke of Berwick then at Limerick complaining that they heard of a Design of ours to send all those Prisoners we had taken at several places to be Slaves in the Foreign Plantations and withal threatning ours with the French Gallies But this was only a trick of the Irish Officers themselves to prevent their Soldiers from deserting making them believe there was a Contract to sell them all to Monsieur Perara the Jew for so much Bread which made the name of the Jew very terrible to the Irish But this was a mere Story of their own framing and therefore Count Solms sent the following Answer to the Duke's Letter Henry Count de Solms General of Their Majesties Army in their Kingdom of Ireland HAving never before heard of a Design to send those Numbers Count Solms's Answer to the Duke of Berwick's Letter of your Men we have Prisoners to the Foreign Plantations we detained your Trumpeter here for some Days in hopes we might have been able to trace this Report which you send us word is spread about of such our Intentions but no enquiry we have made giving us the least light therein we have reason to think that neither those Prisoners we have of yours need fear so long a Voyage nor those few of ours in your hands be apprehensive of yielding a small Recruit to the French King's Gallies However we think fit to declare that your Men shall severely feel the effects of any ill usage you shall offer to ours for which they may reckon themselves obliged to their Generals Given at our Head-Quarters at Cashel the 21st Day of September 1690. To the Duke of Berwick or the Officer in Chief commanding the Enemies Forces Soon after this Count Solms went for England and the Lieutenant-General Ginckel made Commander in Chief Baron de Ginckel was made Lieutenant-General and Commander in Chief of the Army who went to his Head-Quarters at Kilkenny Towards the middle of September Henry Lord Viscount Sidney and Thomas Coningesby Esquire two of the Lords-Justices went to Dublin where they took the usual Oaths of Chief Governors of that Kingdom before the Commissioners of the Great Seal and immediately begun their The Lords-Justices go to Dublin work of putting the Country in as good a condition of Safety as the nature of the times would bear Whilst the King was imployed in the Field with his Army against the Town of Limerick it was first proposed by the Earl of Nottingham to my Lord Marlborough and afterwards approved of in Councel as very Advantageous to Their Majesties Affairs to send a Party from England who joyning with a Detachment from the King's Army might reduce those two important Garrisons of Cork and Kinsale and provisions were made accordingly But not being ready so soon as was designed His Majesty upon His return for England sent the Earl of Marlborough with his own Regiment of Fusiliers Brigadier Trelawny's Princess Ann's Earl of Marlborough sent into Ireland Colonel Hastings's Colonel Hales's Sir David Collier's Colonel Fitz-Patrick's one hundred of the Duke of Bolton's and two hundred of the Earl of Monmouth's with my Lord Torrington's and Lord Pembrook's Marine Regiments CORK CITY After the taking of those two Towns the Irish that lay October 1690. in the County of Kerry made several Incursions and burnt some small Villages in the County of Cork and near the same time another Party burnt Balliboy a Village 8 miles The Irish make some attempts upon our Quarters from Birr wherein there was then six Companies of the Earl of
Fermoy and beat up our Quarters at Tallough and thereabouts upon which a Party was detached from Youghall to strengthen that place but Sarsfield only viewed his Men and pick'd out the most serviceable of the Militia to serve in the Army Nigh this time one Lonan a troublesom Fellow was hanged at Killkenny for Seditious words And on the 14th a Party of Colonel Byerly's Regiment with some of the Militia overtook a Party of Rapparees that were stealing away the Cattle near Montrath killing six and took two who were hanged next Morning The 17th a Party of the Irish Army besieged Ballynagooly a Frontier Ballynagooly attack'd by the Irish Garrison of ours in the County of Cork but were beat off with the death of five of their Men and seven left Prisoners Lieutenant-Colonel Lillingston having the Command of a Party of three hundred Foot and some Horse detach'd from Birr Roscreagh and the neighbouring Garrisons he Nenagh burnt by a Party of our Men. march'd towards Nenagh in the County of Tipperary where there is a strong Castle belonging to the Duke of Ormond Long Anthony Caroll was Governor of this Place having with him about one hundred Men but in the places adjacent there lived a great many Tories and Rapparees whom Caroll could upon any alarm bring together to the Number of at least two thousand He now had notice of our Party's approach and laid an Ambuscade for them which being discovered his Men drew homewards and we followed them into Town which we burnt but the Castle was not to be attack'd without Cannon for tho' it was taken by Lieutenant-General Ginckel and a Garrison put into it during the former Siege of Limerick yet upon our Army 's drawing off part of the House within was burnt and so quitted by our Party which was no sooner done but the Irish put a Garrison in it by which they kept great part of a very good Country in their possession But seeing our Men could not Attack the Castle they took a good prey of Cattle in getting of which and burning the Town they kill'd about sixty Men amongst whom was one Caroll an Officer and a Man of great Bravery We lost only three Men in this Expedition A Party of Horse and Foot went also about this time from Mountmelick to some adjoyning Woods where they understood a Body of Rapparees were got together we kill'd that Day twelve and the next Day six taking a Lieutenant of their Army Prisoner Six of Colonel Lutterel's Dragoons desert the Enemy and sixteen Rapparees were hanged at Clonmel and four were killed as they were making towards a greater Party of the Enemy Twenty seven Rapparees kill'd and thirteen taken Prisoners near Caperquin Twelve Troopers and about thirty Foot went from Caperquin towards A Glyn where they had Information that forty Rapparees were lodged but they proved a much greater Number than was expected and obliged our Horse to shift for themselves which a Trumpeter seeing who was upon a little Hill at a distance he first sounded a March then a Charge and gave a great Shout as if some more Horse were falling on which took so well that it frighted the Rapparees and made them run towards the Wood in which posture our Foot and Horse falling upon them kill'd twenty seven and took thirteen Prisoners three whereof were called Captains but being known Rogues they were all hanged March the 18th a good Detachment was sent from Cashel towards Emly in the County of Limerick to meet with the Enemy who were got into a Body thereabouts As we came towards the place the Enemy retired and had twelve killed in their going off About this time Colonel Russel's Regiment of Horse formerly my Lord Delamere's was broke at Antrim and Colonel White 's Regiment of Foot which were all the Forces that were broke this Year Colonel Tiffin makes an Excursion towards Sligo and met with no formed Body of the Enemy so that his Men had leisure to take a good prey and bring off several Families who removed into our Quarters March 21. A detached Party of four hundred Horse and Foot under the Command of Major Culliford march'd from Cork towards Balycleugh where the Enemy were entrenching themselves but when they saw our Men a-coming they deserted their Works and left seven of their Men to be made Prisoners four of whom were Officers Three hundred of Sir David Collier's Men and Militia march from Bandon towards Bantry where they kill'd nigh seventy Rapparees and took fifteen Prisoners Some Rapparees were taken between Trim and Mullingar And a Party of the Militia under Lieutenant Powel were sent from Dublin to bring in some Rogues who were concern'd in the Murdering six of Colonel Foulks's Soldiers but he and his Party were set upon by one O Neal and twenty eight more who by the management of Lieutenant Powel and his Party were most of them kill'd March the 28th one Mark Baggot formerly very Mark Baggot taken as a Spy going into Dublin well known in Dublin and Serjeant at Arms in the late King's time was taken coming disguised in Womans Cloaths into that City he was shortly after Tryed as a Spy and Condemned but Execution for some time was respited in hopes of his doing service to the Government by some material Discoveries One Beecher a Gentleman in the County of Cork seized upon an Island on that Coast from whence he did much damage to the Irish thereabouts And some considerable Men in Killkenny were seized for holding Correspondence with the Enemy About this time Landed several Recruits at different Ports from England with an Account of the French King 's besieging the City of Mons which occasioned various discourses according as people were inclined In the beginning of April six Souldiers of the Garrison April 1691. of Birr were barbarously Murdered by the Rapparees as were others in several places whensoever they met with opportunities A Spy was taken and Sentenced to be Hanged there but brought from the Gallows upon a discovery of several protected Papists holding Correspondence with the Enemy One Captain Darby of the Leap habiting himself and some of the Militia with a small party of the Army like Rapparees they easily came up with about Eighty of the Enemy who taking our men to be of their own Tribe ten of them were killed and the rest made their escapes April the 9th Brigadeer Stuart sent fifty Fire-Locks and twenty Dragoons from Belturbet to scoure the County of Letrim towards Mohill they discovered two A Party sent by Brigadeer Stuart towards Mohill Troops of the Enemies Dragoons and a Company of Foot Guarding the Creights and their Cattle whom they fell upon killed thirty and took five Prisoners with most of their Horses and what small Baggage they had And nigh the same time thirteen Rapparees were Hanged at Belturbet being Tryed by a Court-Martial A Party of Lieutenant Colonel Purcell's Garrison fell upon some of the Irish Dragoons in
c. But this is no difficult Business to resolve since they had the publick Faith of the French and Irish Officers which is seldom or never violated in such Cases but all Men during a Cessation are commonly treated with the greatest Civility imaginable Besides which my Lord Lucan and Major General Waughop gave the following Engagement under their Hands as did also the two French Lieut. Generals D'Vssone and De Tessee another in French to the same purpose giving also Hostages for the better performance of all Conditions We the Earl of Lucan and Major General VVauhop whose Names are under-written do hereby promise 1. THat all the Ships that have been furnished by My Lord Lucan and Major-General Wauhop's Engagement for the Shipping Lieut. General Ginckel and that are to transport Troops from Ireland to France â— according to the late Capitulation shall be sent back and return to Cork Kinsale or Waterford without any hinderance or prejudice to the said Ships by any Men of War Privateers or other Ships belonging to the French King or having his Commission 2. That assoon as the said Ships shall have Landed the Irish Troops in France they shall have full liberty to go back for Ireland when they think fit without being hindered upon any pretence whatsoever 3. That if the said Ships do want some Provisions for their Return here into Ireland they shall be supplied with all such as they shall have occasion for at the same Rates they were furnished in Ireland to the Irish Troops for their Transportation into France and what they amount to shall be deducted out of the Money that shall be due for the Provisions that were put on Board the Ships for the said Troops 4. That the Rates of the Provisions that shall be furnished for Transportation of the said Troops shall be paid immediately after their Landing in France or in Bills of Exchange payable at London at 15 days sight And if the Contents of this present Agreement should not be put in execution in all its Particulars or in any one part besides Col. Hugh Mac Mahon Col. Robert Arthur Col. O Gara c. that shall be left in Ireland for Hostages we do engage our Words and Honour that we shall surrender our selves Prisoners of War three months after our Landing in case of Contravention at Whitehall in the Hands of the Secretaries of State In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our Hands this 14th Day of October 1691. Jo. Wauhop Lucan The 16th my Lord Lucan went from Lymerick towards Cork to see things in a readiness for the Irish Transportation and the same day Sir Maurice Eustace 's Major General Talbot's Lord Bedloe 's Prince of Wales 's my Lore Clanrichard 's and Col. Bremingham 's Regiments being joyned they march'd out and made in all only 618 Men. As they march'd through the Irish-Town their men run away by dozens having the way open for them nor could their Officers prevent it by all their Care for they kept the Gates always fast lock'd and yet several from within the Town made their Escapes by swimming the River The 17th my Lord Iniskillin 's Regiment that had been for some time in the County of Clare was mustered beyond the Town and so were some others of them on the 18th and 19th During which time our men were employed in making clean the Irish Town Major General Talmash going often amongst them himself to encourage them to work CHAP. X. The Campaign ended Irish Prisoners of War released some Rapparees lay down their Arms. Proclamations of Pardon to the rest The Ulster-Irish return home with their Cattle The French Fleet arrives in the Shannon Sir Ralph Delaval with a Squadron in those Seas Two Letters from the General to him Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick answered The last of the Irish quit the English Town 120 of them drowned Their Horse ship off at Cork The General goes to Dublin The Recorder's Speech to him Orders for mustering our Army Major-General Talmash leaves Limerick Orders for the Danes to ship off Fortifications at Mullingar and Ballymore demolished A Proclamation The General goes for England The Transport-Ships return from France The late King's Letter to the Irish at their landing Their Reception in France Several desert that were not as yet shipp'd off My Lord Lucan 's Release to the General All the Irish go off except the Hostages The Irish that staid very unruly in their Quarters Orders and Instructions for breaking of them The Oaths taken according to the New Act of Parliament An Order to turn out all Irish Papists from our Regiments Arms and Ammunition sent for England The French Hostages go for France Lieutenant-General Ruvigny lands in Ireland A Proclamation declaring the War of Ireland ended ANd now the Campaign being ended so that no continued Thread of Affairs can be drawn from the Army any thing that has happen'd since may possibly not be so acceptable yet I hope it may not be amiss to give you some slender account how things have gone in that Kingdom since the Siege of Limerick to the time of the Proclamation for the War 's being ended though before I proceed further it will be necessary to look back and bring the Actions done in several other parts of the Kingdom up to the Armies removing from Limerick which indeed may be told in few Words since little of moment cou'd be expected in any other place but where the Seat of War was fixed In the beginning of October Sollicitor-General Levinge and Sir Richard Reves being appointed Judges for the Connaught-Circuit because the Countrey was very indifferently inhabited and not as yet throughly settled Assizes were appointed to be held for this Province only at Mullingar Roscommon and Galway which was done accordingly About 20 Rapparees were killed in the Counties of Waterford and Cork by some small Parties of the Militia and one Whitney with 4 more in his Company were set upon and murdered by a Party of Rapparees as they were going towards the Queen's County though they killed two and wounded others before they were seized And now those loose Fellows seeing how it was like to go with their Party several of them come in under Protection and desire to serve their Majesties abroad when they were out of hopes to plunder their Subjects any longer at home All the Irish Prisoners of War that were in Waterford-Gaol Irish Prisoners of War released being upwards of 200 were set at liberty as they were afterwards at several other Places particularly at Carigfergus where 15 Officers and about 60 private Men had been Prisoners ever since the Rout at Cavan and at Lambay where the Prisoners taken at Ballymore were kept most of this Summer but now were all discharged according to the Capitulation And as the Irish grew weary of their former Courses on that side of the Country towards Dublin or rather being forced to it when they could no longer carry it on so
desires a parley with the Lord-Deputy wherein he mentions that having found his Lordship though a sharp and powerful Antagonist yet an honourable and generous Enemy and the Irish not only weak and barbarous but as he feared perfidious Friends he therefore desired to depart upon such Terms befitting such Men of War as are not by necessity enforced to receive Conditions but willingly induced for just Respects to disengage themselves and to relinquish a People by whom their King and Master had been so notoriously abused if not betray'd Pacata Hib. p. 241. And its probable that upon some such Motives as those Monsieur D'Vssone consented to the Irish Capitulations though we heard afterwards that the French King was so far from thanking him for it that after some publick Indignities he sent him to the Bastile I humbly therefore am of Opinion that the Lords-Justices and the General did nothing in this Affair without Command or at least Instructions from Their Majesties and that it was neither inconsistent with the Rules of Prudence or Policy to grant the Irish what Terms they did which for the future may help to moderate the Passions of some sort of People Nor were the Lords-Justices Proclamations for the bringing in of the Rapparees and others not included in the Articles less seasonable since by this means the Kingdom became so calm and quiet all on a sudden that within one Fortnight after our Army was removed from Limerick a Man might have travelled alone through that whole Kingdom and that with as great Safety as through any part of England but if this had been delayed and the reducing those Scamperers attempted altogether by force pray let it be remembred how securely the Banditto's of Italy have November 1691. lived between the Power of the King of Spain and that of the Pope and how many Men in all Countries have prospered in doing mischief but especially in Ireland where there are so many Difficulties to march an Army and the Irish so well acquainted with the Boggs and other Fastnesses that it is impossible to beat them sooner out of one place than they 'll out-strip you to another being by constant practice extremely well skilled in making use of those Advantages but the aforesaid Articles and Proclamations have remedied all those Inconveniences and that Kingdom never enjoyed a more profound Peace than at present since every Insurrection when it is subdued makes an Addition to the Power of the Government But I 'm afraid a good Cause may suffer by ill management and therefore as to my business Towards the latter end of October we had an Account of his Majesty's safe Arrival in England from Flanders and that the English Parliament met on the 22 d. according to their Prorogation November the first all the Irish march out of the English Town of Limerick and our Men take possession of it The last of the Irish quit the English Town A great many of the Irish were shipp'd in the River some on Board the French Fleet and others in some of our Transport-Ships The number shipp'd in the River and that march'd towards Cork this last time is said to be 5650. But those that march'd by Land several of them deserted upon the Road notwithstanding the care of the Irish Officers to secure them for they begun to be sensible of the kind Treatment of those that were already returned home and were sorry to quit a Country they saw already so peaceable The Rose of Chester going down the Shannon with 120 of them drowned 120 Irish on Board was overset amongst the Rocks and all the Irish drowned tho' the Seamen were most of them saved The French Lieutenant-General took this very ill as if done on purpose by the Master and would needs have him tried for his Life for it but it appearing to be a perfect Accident he was satisfied And now the Irish Horse as many as were left were Their Horse shipt at Cork shipp'd off at Cork and with them Daniel Butts Esq Deputy Commissary-General of the Danish Forces to receive their Bills of Exchange and to see the Transport-Ships returned November the 3 d. the General came from Kilkenny The General goes to Dublin to Dublin being met and complemented on the Road by the Nobility Judges and Gentry Col. Byerley's Horse and the Prince of Hesse's Foot with the City-Militia both Horse and Foot being in Arms to receive him The Lord Mayor Aldermen Sheriffs and Citizens being all in their Formalities the Canons discharged several times and all the Demonstrations of Joy that could be made upon such an extraordinary Occasion Next Morning His Excellency was waited upon by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen and the other Citizens the Recorder Tho. Coote Esq in the Name of the City making a Speech to this effect That the City throughly sensible of the Dangers that lately The Recorder's Speech to him threatned them from an implacable Enemy that aimed at nothing less than the total Extirpation of the Protestant Religion and English Interest in this Kingdom to the tyrannical and slavish Government of the French King And finding themselves by your Excellencies Courage and Conduct not only delivered from those their just Fears but placed in view of a lasting Peace and Security And being zealous to express as much of their Gratitude as their present Circumstances will permit they are unanimously come to congratulate your Excellency on your great Success and to assure your Excellency that tho' they have many Grievances to place to the Account of that Enemy you have so gloriously subdued yet there are none they resent more than the having rendered them unable to raise to your Excellencies Memory those Monuments your Merits and their Obligations challenge yet what will be wanting in Brass and Marble they will endeavour to make up by their perpetual Applications to serve your Excellency And shou'd the rest of the World be so far ungrateful as to forget what your Excellency has done for the Preservation of the Protestant Religion and publick Liberty of Europe this City will while one stone stands upon another in it perpetuate to Posterity the glorious Actions you have performed this Campaign To which the General made return that he was extremely sensible of the Honours and Kindness the City had tendred him which he would upon all occasions acknowledge Next Day being the Anniversary of His Majesty's Birth it was observed with all the Splendour and Greatness imaginable my Lord Justice Conningsby entertaining the General with most of the Nobility at the Castle of Dublin And the Day following being Gun-Powder Treason had its usual Observations where at the end of the Service appointed for the Day the Baron de Ronsill a Flemish Lord who has lived these five or six years past in this Kingdom made a solemn Renunciation of the Romish and Profession of the Protestant Religion and was received at Christ-Church by the Arch-Bishop of Dublin After Sermon
some of O Donnel's Men then in that Country which was done accordingly There hapned about this time two Violent Flashes of Lightning and Claps of Thunder at Kinsale by the latter of which the Portsmouth Frigatt suffered great damage having her Main To and Main Yard broke to pieces and the Main Mast split for twelve foot downwards breaking throw the Larboard side of the Ship twelve foot in length and did some other mischief tho only one Man was hurt by it Nigh the same time the Officers belonging to the Train of Artillery The Waggoners and others of that Society were broke as being no farther useful in this Kingdom And January 23 being the first day of the Term the The Oaths taken according to the new Act of Parliament Lords Justices came to the Court of King's-Bench and there took the Oaths to Their Majesties and Subscribed the Declaration required by the late Act of Parliament in England as did also several of the Nobility Whence the Lord Chancellor returned to his High Court of Chancery where the Judges of the several Courts Masters of Chancery King's Councel the Lawyers and several other Persons of different Qualities and Imployments took the prescribed Oaths c. For the Act of Parliament being Reprinted at Dublin and spread abroad by the Lords Justices Order and requiring all Persons whatever in any Imployment within Thirty Miles of that City to take the said Oath and subscribe the Declaration before the end of Hillary Term January 1692. and no exception being made or excuse allowed for Men's being Sick or otherwise disabled several were brought up to Town with great difficulty and the Courts daily throng'd 'till the Term was over Great quantities of Wheat and other Grain were ordered from Cork and Kingsale to furnish the Stores of Limerick that part of the Countrey being now very much put to it for want of Bread as being the seat of War this two years past The 25th Colonel Mathew's Dragoons were Shipp'd at Belfast as Sir John Lanier's Horse had been some time before and on the 27th my Lord Portland's Horse were Shipp'd at Passage near Waterford A Declaration was Publish'd by the Lords Justices A Declaration forbidding the buying Debenters or Arrears forbidding any Officer Clerk or other Person whatever belonging to imploy'd in or depending on their Majesties Treasury either by himself or any other directly or indirectly to buy any Arrears or Debenters due to any Officer or Souldier or any other Persons who have been imploy'd in Their Majesties Service during this present War upon pain of losing the benefit of such Contract or Agreement as also of being dismissed their Imployments and of being declared uncapable of being Imployed in the Treasury for the future The buying of such Debenters being adjudged dishonourable to Their Majesties Service and Government and to the loss of the persons to whom the same are payable And nigh the same time another Order was sent Another Order to turn out all the Irish Papists out of our Regiments out Commanding all Colonels and others in Their Majesties Army who had entertain'd any Irish in their respective Regiments Troops or Companies forthwith to dismiss them and not to keep any one Irish Papist under their Command upon pain of having January 1692. such Regiments broke where any such were found A great Frost began January the 19th and is now so violent that Multitudes of the poor People and especially of the Irish perish for Cold The Lords Justices and Council very Charitably order all the Poor then in and about the City of Dublin to be taken up and put into sveral Convenient Houses being in all 640 odd who were provided for with Meat and Fire without which Care several hundreds must have perished in the Streets And yet a great many of them had been so used to that Trade of Begging that the being provided for with Necessaries and Confin'd to a Place was uneasie to them so that several stole out and fell to Begging again But this Charitable Care was not taken in other parts of the Kingdom so that a Man might every where see a great many Objects of Pity and Misery and they continue so to this very day Some time before this the Danes were Shipp'd as is said having four Men of War and 46 other Vessels to Transport them but being driven back by contrary Winds and kept in the Harbour by stress of weather a new supply of Provisions was Ordered them Two Proclamations were Publish'd at Dublin one Commanding all Persons that were not qualified by the Articles of Limerick and Galway which were Noble-Men and Gentlemen who were House-keepers and have Estates of Freehold of one Hundred Pounds a year which by the said Proclamation was declared to be the qualification of the Persons Compriz'd in the said Articles to deliver up their Arms of all sorts before the Tenth of March and if they failed therein to be prosecuted with the utmost severity of Law And whosoever shou'd discover any Fire Arms so detain'd after the 10th of March shou'd have Ten Shillings Reward February 1692. and Five Shillings for every discovery of other Arms to be paid him by the Sheriff of the City or Justice of the Peace to whom such Discovery shou'd be made the same to be repaid by the Sheriff of the County and allowed in his Accounts in the Exchequer And the Persons in whose Custody such Arms are found shall lose the benefit of the said Articles and be bound over to the next Assizes or Sessions which shall first happen And all Persons who had Arms before the first day of November last being not qualified to keep them and shall not give a satisfactory Account how they have disposed of them shall be look'd upon as guilty of a Contempt against the said Proclamation And the Sheriffs of the respective Counties were to give an Account from time to time of what Arms were brought in to the Clerk of the Council or his Deputy And that all Persons that were qualify'd to keep Arms might wear the same without being affronted or have the same taken from them on any pretence each Person was to apply himself to the Lords Justices for a License for that purpose which was to be granted without any Fee or Reward whatever Which Proclamation was to be publish'd three Market-days successsively in each Town in Ireland and then affixed Dated the 4th of February 1691 2. The other Proclamation was to forbid all Justices of the Peace Mayors Sheriffs and other Magistrates whatever to presume so far upon their Authority as to meddle with the Property Right Title or Possession of the Estate or Goods of any of Their Majesties Subjects other than as by due Course of Law they are required or can justifie By which Proclamation some of the Irish that had been wronged were set to rights and satisfied tho' they were not so forward in obeying February 1692. the former in
themselves whether of English or Irish Extraction to advance the Power of England in that Kingdom Two main Objections answered Religion in the first place to be taken care of An Invasion from France upon that Kingdom England or Scotland at this juncture very improbable A Remark upon the last that endeavour'd it I Have now given you all that I know of this last unhappy Irish Wars that is fit at this juncture to be sent to the Press And it 's more possibly than some Men will thank me for or yet the following Remarks that I am going to make upon the Affairs of that Kingdom and its present Circumstances upon which if any please to throw away another half Hour tho' they find nothing worth taking notice of Yet I hope they 'll have no Reason to be angry since Opinion in things indifferent is free to all Men And we have no better way to conjecture what may be hereafter than by comparing our thoughts of it with what now is and formerly has been Ireland next to Great Brittain is the greatest Island The Circumference of Ireland in Europe esteemed by Sir William Petty at Ten Millions Five Hundred Thousand Irish Acres and by others at Ten Millions Eight Hundred and Sixty Eight Thousand Acres which they reckon to be above 17 Millions of English Measure 121 Irish Acres making about 196 English and yet Sir William Petty computes the Irish Acres to make not above 14 Millions of English accounting nigh two Millions of Acres in Mountains Bogs Strands and other unprofitable Land a great part of which however is capable of improvement and makes Ireland in circumference almost equal to England Wales excepted The Latitude of Ireland North is said to be parallel with Dumfrese in Scotland and South to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwal its Longitude West to the utmost point of Ire Conaght in the County of Galway and East to the head of Houth The Kingdom for many Ages past has been divided Itâ— Division into Provinces and Counties into four Provinces three of which before that Division were commonly distinct Monarchies and sometimes the fourth which by degrees as the English Interest prevailed were subdivided into Counties of which there are thirty two at this day in all the Kingdom The Provinces are Leinster Munster Conaght and Vlster Leinster has eleven Counties Dublin Wicklow and Wexford on the Sea-side East-Meath West-Meath and Carlow within Land tho' with a corner reaching to the Sea Kilkenny Kildare Kings-County Queens-County and Longford are Inland Counties also Munster has six Counties two within Land as Tipperary and Limerick but Waterford Cork Kerry and Clare all on the Coast Conaght has Galway Mayo and Sligo towards the Sea with Roscomon and Letrim within Land Vlster has six Counties on the Sea-side Fermanagh Donegal London-Derry Antrim Down and Louth and four within Land as Cavan Monohan Armagh and Tyrone In the Year 1151 according to Cambden Christianus Into Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks Bishop of Lismore Legate of all Ireland and Johannes Paperon Cardinal Priest according to Sir James Ware brought four Palls from Eugenius the third and held a Synod or Council at Kells as some say or at Mellefort according to others whereat were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Captains and Elders of Ireland when by General consent four Arch-Bishopricks were Constituted Armagh Dublin Cashel and Tuam under whom there were 34 other Bishopricks viz. ten subordinate to Armagh five to Dublin twelve to Cashel and seven to Tuam But now they are reduced to 21 in all and those divided into 2278 Parishes and those in a political capacity have eight that are called Cities Dublin Kilkenny Waterford Cork Cashel Clogher Limerick and London-Derry besides about ninety Boroughs and Corporations As to the Natural Advantages of Ireland many People The Soil of Ireland can confirm what Sir John Davis a Man of Wit Learning and Prudence has writ several Years ago viz. That having been in all the Provinces of that Kingdom he had observed the good Temperature of the Air the fruitfulness of the Soil the pleasant and commodious Seats for Habitation the safe and large Ports and Havens lying open for Traffick unto all the West parts of the World the long Inlets of many Navigable Rivers and so many great Lakes and fresh Ponds within Land as the like are not to be seen in any part of Europe the rich Fishings and Wild Fowl of all Kinds And lastly the Bodies and Minds of the People Endowed with extraordinary Abilities of Nature And however it has become a Proverb in England The Irish no such Fools as the World Commonly makes them to call a dull unthinking Fellow a Man of an Irish Understanding yet for any thing appears to the contrary they have acted a Prudent part for at least these Five Hundred Years nor is their crafty insinuating wheedling way as yet any thing abated and whosoever will look amongst the Natives of that Countrey at this juncture will probably find some Knaves but as few Folls as in any other Kingdom of the World But since I have mention'd so Judicious an Author Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland has been so long in reducing to the Crown of England as Sir John Davis I suppose it will not be unpleasant to hear some of his Reasons why it has been so long a time before Ireland was entirely subject to the Crown of England and why the English were more apt to run into the Irish Barbarous Customs and imitate their way of living than on the Contrary As to the first of these he mentions four main defects of the Armies that at different times were sent out of England to Conquer Ireland 1. They were for the most part too weak for a Conquest 2. When otherwise as in both the Journies of Richard the Second they were too soon broken up and dissolved 3. They were ill paid and 4. They were ill Govern'd a necessary Consequence of the former Which Inconveniences happen'd because the King 's of England for many Ages together were generally otherwise imploy'd either in the Holy-Land or in France or in their Wars with Scotland or else in that unhappy fewd between the two Houses of Lancaster and York So that they cou'd neither attend the Irish War in their own Persons nor spare a Competency either of Men or Money to compleat the Work which was only begun in King Henry the Second's days rather by a few private Adventurers than by any thing that had the face of a Royal Army And besides the standing Forces were seldom or never reinforced out of England that is in the times towards the beginning of the English Government only the King's Treasure there was spent and wholly spent in the King's service so that in the Reigns of four successive Kings Viz. Henry III. Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. between the Receipts and Allowances this Entry is commonly found in the Pipe-Rolls In Thesauro
nihil for the Affairs of the State and those of the Army spent all and that all was not sufficient In the Reign therefore of King Edward II. Maurice Fitz Thomas Earl of Desmond as his Ancestor was the first of English Race that took part with the Irish against his Native Country Men he being now Commander in Chief of the Army against the Scots then Invading Ireland he only changed the name of the Ancient Irish Custom called Bonaught but began to practice the thing it self under the names of Coigne and Livery and Pay that is he and his Army took Horse Meat and Mans Meat and also Money at their pleasure without any satisfaction so much as of a Bill And this afterwards proved the general fault of all the Chief Commanders in this Kingdom for finding the advantage of this way of proceeding they begun to oppress the Poor English heavily who rather than endure it would give them a part of their Land to have the rest free which Land so given the Lords put Irish Tenants upon and incouraged them in several particulars that so they might pay their Rent And then the Kings of England not being at leisure to attend the War in their own Persons they could do no less in Honour than give a great part of the Land to those that Conquered it But those Scopes of Land given at first to the English Adventurers were generally too large and the Priviledges so great that they begun to set up for themselves no fealty being reserved to the Crown by the Tenants but only to their Lords which first made them Proud and then Contentious Upon which account to strengthen their Parties they Allyed themselves with the Irish and drew them in to dwell amongst them and not having English Tenants enough for their Lands they were obliged to take Irish By living amongst whom and having their Servants and Nurses generally of such they and their Children by degrees became of the same stamp and having no other means to pay or reward the Irish that were of their Faction they suffered them to take Coygne and Livery from the English Freeholders which Oppression was so intolerable as that the better sort were forced to quit their Free-holds and flye into England never returning more though Laws were made in both Kingdoms to remand them and the rest that remained soon became degenerate and meer Irish Then the English Lords finding the Irish Exactions to be more profitable than the English Rents and Services and loving the Irish Tyranny which was tied to no Rules of Law or Honour better than a just and lawful Seigniory did reject and cast off the English Laws and Government and some with the Irish Customs assuming their very Names also which Customs of theirs were all Enemies to the English Interest in this Countrey Whether it was that called Tanistry What Tanistry signifies that is when any of their Chieftains or Heads of Factions died then the Goods of the whole Sept or Family were to be divided a-new nor did the Sons always succeed but such of the Kindred as could purchase the Election by strong hand by which there cou'd be no encouragement either to Build or Plant or indeed to have any thing but from hand to mouth since they knew not who might reap the fruits of their Labour For tho' it 's said the Irish received the Christian Faith above twelve hundred years ago and were lovers of Musick Poetry and all kinds of Learning Possessing also a Countrey abounding with all things necessary for the life of Man yet did they never build Reasons why the Irish did not improve their Countrey formerly Houses of Brick or Stone before the time of King Henry II. some few poor Religious Houses excepted and when afterwards they saw the English build Castles they only did it for their Chiefs and not for themselves nor endeavoured they to imitate the English in any sort of Improvements which being against all common Sense and Reason must needs be imputed to their Customs in making all their Possessions incertain and wou'd have hindred the improvement of their Countrey to the Worlds end if those Customs had not been abolish'd by the Law of England The Irish had also Cosherings Visitations and Progresses Cosherings made by their Chief and his Followers among his Tenants Sessings for his Horses Dogs and Boys Cuttings Tallages and spendings at his pleasure which made him an absolute Tyrant and his Vassals poor Slaves Add to these their Fosterings the Irish of all Fosterings People having the greatest inclination to Nurse other Mens Children because Fostering amongst them is always reputed a stronger alliance than Blood and when once they have Nursed a Child in any Family they think themselves so near Related thereto that they are obliged to perform whilst they live all the faithful Services in their Power and from whence ever after they expect a Supply of what Necessaries they have occasion for and as often as they have a mind to call for them Then they had Gossipred or Compaternity which tho' by the Canon-Law a Spiritual affinity yet no Nation ever made so Religious account of it as the Irish Now these and many other such like Customs made strong Parties and Factions whereby the Great Men were enabled to oppress their Inferiours and to oppose their Equals Besides which their frequent Divorces their Promiscuous Begetting of Children and neglect of Lawful Matrimony were no small Temptations for vitious Minds to degenerate and fall into the like Extreams Those were the Irish Customs which the English Collonies did embrace after they had rejected the Civil and Honourable Laws of England which especially fell out in the later end of King Edward the Second and the beginning of King Edward the Third proving of very Fatal Consequence to the English Interest in that Kingdom the degenerate English being always harder to subdue than the Natives for tho' their Minds and Manners were alter'd yet they had so much English Blood left in their Veins as gave them English Courage and Resolution whereby the Fitz Geralds and Earl of Desmond's Rebellions were worse than those of meer Irish Then Sir John Davis proves out of several Records that in former times most of the Inhabitants were not the King's Tenants but derived their Titles from the Irish and English Noblemen who kept an awe and dependance upon them for tho' the Kings of England were formerly owned as Lords of Ireland yet the Lords of Irish Lords formerly stiled Kings Ireland Ruled as Kings and were so stiled by the Kings of England themselves as appears by the Concord made between Henry 2. and Rotherick O Connor King of Conaght in the Year 1175 Recorded by Hoveden in this Form Hic est finis Concordia inter Dominum Regem Angliae Henricum filium imperatricis Rodoricum Regem Conactae scilicet quod Rex Angliae concessit praedicto Roderico Legeo Homini suo ut sit
Rex sub eo paratus ad servitium suum ut homo suus c. And King Henry the II. making William Fitz Audelm his Lieutenant of Ireland he hath it thus in his Commission Archiepiscopis Episcopis Regibus Baronibus omnibus fidelibus suis in Hibernia salutem King John also granted divers Characters unto the Irish Lords under the Title of Kings and so did Henry the III d. unto a Petty-King of Thoumond Rex Regi Thoumond Salutem c. Those Governed the People by their Brehon Laws they made their own Magistrates and Officers they Pardoned and Punished all Malefactors and made War and Peace one with another without Controulment After which several Attempts were made and Rebellions more or less broke out in every King's Reign And to omit those of Perkin Warbeck and others in the Reign of Henry 7. The Rebellion of Fitz Gerald and the rest of that Faction in King Henry 8th's time in the Year 1535. cost England Forty Thousand Pounds a Summ reputed so great in those days and so much disturbed that blustering Prince that he called the appeasing this Rebellion a New Conquest and put the Question to his Council how Ireland should be managed to bear the Charge of its own preservation and whether by Act of Parliament every Man's Estate should not be made liable to contribute its proportion or wehther by Virtue of this New Conquest the King might not seize on all the Estates of that Kingdom Temporal and Spiritual Cox 242. But tho' this wou'd not do yet he found out another A Statute against Absentees way to make a Statute against Absentees whereby a great part of the County of Carlow was taken from the Duke of Norfolk and other Lands from other great Men and from some Monasteries in England that held Land in Ireland for that by the absence of these and the neglecting their own private Estates whereby the Irish daily gained ground they brought the Publick into danger However this Rebellious Spirit continued in Ireland all Queen Elizabeth's time even to the ninth of King James the First as Sir John Davis observes but if he had lived in our days he wou'd have seen good reasons to say it was always the Genius of the People And one Mr. Lawrence has since that endeavoured to prove that Ireland was never intirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands properly called the King's Lands until the Act of Settlement passed in the 12th Year of King Charles the Second for before this the Chief Inhabitants in all Cities and Towns were Papists as Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c by which means that Party was wonderfully encouraged and strengthened and besides the Irish before the late Rebellion were by far the greatest Proprietors tho' afterwards they enjoyed not much above a fifth part of the whole that is in propriety by which means and the industrious Management of some of the Chief Governours the English Interest was very far advanced in this Country before the death of King Charles the Second for tho' some Clouds arose before yet the Sun shone pretty clear till the Death of that Monarch made it more than Twilight with the English of that Country and then the late dark Night of Confusion approached so suddenly that it gave them no time to set things in Order till they cou'd not in a manner see where they were a going This put a full stop to the Carreer of all their Prosperity for a great many considerable Buildings and other Improvements in and about Dublin and other places in the Kingdom being pretty far advanced at that Juncture they were left off very abruptly the Workman throwing away his Tools and the Husbandman neglecting his Plow at the News as if they had then foreseen their approaching Misery and were amazed to find the Irish arm so fast on all hands by which they were assured that other sorts of Weapons than they had used for the Country's improving were soon like to grow more in fashion and that to the undoing of what themselves had so honestly endeavoured to make up So that the Irish were not then nor indeed are as yet so subdued as that no further Storm may ever be feared to arise from that corner And certainly the not thorowly endeavouring to make Ireland bear the Charge of its own preservation has in all Ages been very much to the disadvantage of Ireland shou'd be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden England But to carry this no higher than the Year 1595 the time of Tyrone's Rebellion which Cambden in his Annals tells us cost 1198717 l. to suppress Or if we compute the Charge of its first Conquest and the suppressing the several Rebellions from that time till this of Tyrone's to cost but double as much as this did as they needs must since before that Ireland never enjoyed seven Years peace at one time Then I say long e're this all those Rebellions had been forgot and the Trade and Product of Ireland more than trebly recompenced England for her former Blood and Treasure But as the Degenerate English grew more and more in love with the Irish and their Customs and so took their part against England The Charges encreased to more prodigious Sums and they generally make use of it as a great Argument for what they did of late that it was the Blood and Treasure of their Ancestors that first gained that Kingdom to the English Interest and therefore tho' they differed in Opinion yet it was very unreasonable that they should be quite excluded from sharing in the Government with those that were of a much later Date But this Objection is of an older standing than either the former War or this last for we are told that so great Heats have arose formerly between the English of Birth and the English of Blood in Ireland that they held different Parliaments and endeavoured by all means Possible to ruine one another But 't is observ'd by very Learned Men in this Kingdom that tho' the English have often fallen out amongst themselves and there were generally found in many places of the Kingdom such of English extraction as would joyn with the Irish against England yet the People of the Pale were always firm and Loyal to the Crown and the greatest strength that England had against the Irish Nation for which they were often plentifully Rewarded 'till in the Year 1641 they all broke loose which they say was occasioned thus Tho since the first Conquest of Ireland there have been continued feuds in that Kingdom between the People of both Nations upon the account of Interest yet when the Reformation was once set on foot the Breach was widned upon that account it being what the Natives of that Country have always endeavoured to destroy and with it the English Interest there but finding this a very difficult Task by reason that the old English of the Pale tho' many of them were of
the same Religion with the Irish yet they cou'd never be perswaded to stand up for a mere Irish Interest till the Irish in the What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them Province of Vlster especially found out the two following Expedients first to intermarry with the English of the Pale and to seek all opportunities of making alliance with them and secondly to perswade the English Gentry always to breed up one of their Sons a Priest by whom and their Irish Wives the English were managed to that degree that tho' at the first breaking out of the Rebellion in 1641. they seemed to detest the Irish ways of proceeding yet in a few Months after a great part of them openly joyned with the Irish and this with the constant troubles in England were the Reasons why that Rebellion was the longest in suppressing A Brief Account of the Expences of the former War and also the most expensive of any before it being on foot 12 Years viz. from the 23 d. of October 1641. until the 26th of September 1653. The Charge to England in suppressing of which and the loss that the Protestant Party in Ireland sustained during this War being computed by Sir John Burlace in his History to amount to Twenty two Millions One Hundred and Ninety One Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Eight Pounds Three Shillings and Three Pence And others compute the whole Loss Cost and Charges of the King and Protestant Party to suppress the said Rebellion to amount to 34480000 l. And that the English Adventurers who advanced Money upon the Credit of two Acts of Parliament in the Years 41 and 42 paid 70 Years Purchase for that which was not worth above eight and that the Souldiers paid 115 Years purchase for their Debenters but those People have a mad way of reckoning in the multiplying several of their particulars However as to this last War that we have all seen An Essay towards this I pretend not to so great Skill as to know the Expences of it only thus far is easily computed 1. The Army that Landed with Duke Schonberg and that came some time after into Ireland with those of the Derry and Inniskillin Troops received into Pay under his Grace's Command in the Year 1689. being 9 Regiments and 2 Troops of Horse 4 Regiments of Dragoons and 30 Regiments of Foot the whole pay for which in one Year comes to 869410 l. 7 s. 06 d. 2. His Majesty's Royal Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1690 Consisting of 2 Troops of Guards 23 Regiments of Horse 5 Regiments of Dragoons and 46 Regiments of Foot the Pay of which considering the difference between the Numbers in the Foreign Regiments and our own amounts to 1287630 l. 02 s. 00 d. 3 The Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1691. Commanded by Lieutenant General Ginckel being 20 Regiments of Horse 5 of Dragoons and 42 Regiments of Foot whose Pay for that Year came to 1161830 l. 12 s. 10 d. Then the General Officers Pay the Train Bread Waggons Transport Ships and other Contingencies make at least as much more which is 6637742 l. 05 s. 00 d. And the Irish Army living for the most part upon the product of the Country cou'd not cost much less Besides the farther Destruction of the Protestant Interest in that Kingdom by cutting down Improvements burning of Houses destroying of Sheep and Cattle taking away of Horses with Infinite other Extortions and Robberies as also the loss of People on both sides most of which however disaffected yet they were Subjects to the Crown of England As to the particulars of our and their losses of People A modest Conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides during the War in both Armies since the Landing of Duke Schonberg in Ireland the best Computation I have been able to make by comparing Accounts and conferring on both sides with those that have made some Observations on that matter the thing runs thus Irish Officers killed 00617 Souldiers killed belonging to the Irish Army 12676 Rapparees killed by the Army and Militia 01928 Rapparees hanged by Legal Process or Court-Marshal 00112 Rapparees killed and hanged by Souldiers and others without any Ceremony 600 Officers killed in the English Army 00140 Soldiers killed in the Field 02037 Murdered privately by the Rapparees that we had no account where they died 00800 English and Foreign Officers died during the three Campaigns 00320 Souldiers dead in the English Army since our Landing in Ireland 7000 Tho' its to be observed that in the two last Campaigns there died very few except Recruits and such as died of their Wounds Nor are we to believe that the Irish did not lose a great many by Sickness also but no doubt the Destruction of the People in the Country wou'd do more than double all these Numbers so that by the Sword Famine and all other accidents there has perished since first the Irish began to play their mad Pranks there have died I say in that Kingdom of one sort and another at least One Hundred Thousand Young and Old besides treble the Number that are Ruined and undone All which being considered it 's certainly most expedient to find out an Eternal Remedy that the like may never happen again And this I humbly suppose must not be any endeavour to root out and destroy the Irish but in the advancing the English Interest both in Church and State in that Kingdom so as to make the Irish themselves in love with it And tho' it has been the Ruining Fate of that Kingdom The Interest of England to advance the Power of the English in Ireland to have some great Men both in Court and Parliament Judge it the Interest of England to keep Ireland poor and low and it may seem strange to hear an English Man by Birth and a meer Stranger to the having any Interest in Ireland to endeavour the contradicting of it But in my humble Opinion whatsoever may be allowed in this as to the promoting the private Advantages of a great many Trading People and even Men of Estates in England which all would suffer by the advancing of these in Ireland yet it 's so far from being the real Interest either of the Kingdom of England to cramp Ireland in its Prosperity that the Wealth and Greatness of Ireland in Trade and Manufactures is to be promoted both by the King and People of England as much as possibly it can And first as to the Kings of England it is the same thing to them whether they have their Customs from Bristol or Dublin from Cork or Newcastle c. or whether their Levies of Men when occasion offers are made in the Counties of Wickloe and Waterford Cumberland or Yorkshire provided the Interest were one and the same in both Kingdoms And as to the People of England in general one shou'd think it 's their business to promote and encourage the Trade and