raisin_n fig_n almond_n aniseed_n salt_n soap_n soude_z or_o kalt_n and_o abundance_n of_o excellent_a wool_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o this_o country_n be_v french_a linen_n make_v in_o bittany_n good_a quantity_n of_o woollen_a and_o silk_n stuff_v lace_n hat_n small_a ware_n of_o every_o sort_n and_o jeweller_n work_n most_o of_o which_o be_v send_v from_o cadiz_n the_o rest_n the_o dutch_a bring_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n they_o design_v they_o for_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o trade_n with_o portugal_n before_o portugal_n and_o the_o country_n that_o crown_v possess_v in_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n come_v to_o be_v reunite_v in_o the_o year_n 1580_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o castille_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n two_o the_o dutch_a trade_v very_o much_o with_o portugal_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o great_a severity_n of_o the_o inquisition_n their_o great_a trade_n be_v that_o of_o lisbon_n whence_o they_o export_v beside_o the_o merchandise_n of_o the_o country_n that_o of_o the_o east_n indies_n africa_n and_o brazil_n all_o which_o at_o that_o time_n go_v only_o through_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portugueze_n but_o after_o that_o union_n the_o trade_n that_o the_o dutch_a drove_n in_o portugal_n undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n that_o be_v those_o gentleman_n be_v deprive_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o commerce_n whatsoever_o the_o portugueze_v have_v shake_v off_o the_o government_n of_o the_o castilian_n in_o the_o year_n 1640_o one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o stop_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o dutch_a which_o they_o be_v continual_o make_v of_o the_o portugueze_v territory_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n africa_n and_o brazil_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o new_a king_n send_v forthwith_o a_o ambassador_n to_o the_o hague_n to_o represent_v to_o the_o state_n general_n that_o the_o portugueze_v as_o such_o never_o have_v any_o difference_n with_o the_o unite_a province_n he_o earnest_o wish_v there_o may_v be_v establish_v a_o good_a understanding_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n which_o will_v put_v they_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n to_o resist_v the_o spaniand_v their_o common_a enemy_n the_o state_n general_n find_v their_o account_n in_o the_o offer_v of_o the_o portugueze_n a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n be_v sign_v between_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1641_o and_o include_v all_o the_o country_n belong_v to_o the_o two_o nation_n as_o well_o on_o this_o as_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o line_n by_o this_o truce_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o free_a navigation_n and_o that_o each_o party_n shall_v be_v master_n of_o those_o place_n they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o at_o the_o time_n of_o publish_v such_o truce_n which_o truce_n be_v so_o ill_o observe_v by_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o indies_n that_o the_o portugueze_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n oblige_v to_o break_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1645_o by_o a_o insurrection_n they_o make_v in_o brazil_n against_o the_o dutch_a who_o they_o entire_o drive_v out_o of_o that_o country_n this_o occasion_v a_o new_a war_n in_o brazil_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n but_o it_o do_v not_o break_v out_o in_o europe_n till_o the_o month_n of_o october_n 1646_o when_o the_o state_n general_n declare_v war_n in_o all_o its_o form_n against_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n because_o he_o will_v not_o restore_v to_o their_o west_n india_n company_n that_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v take_v from_o they_o in_o 1647_o but_o this_o affair_n be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v accommodate_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o france_n and_o cromwell_n the_o war_n between_o the_o northern_a crown_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o this_o negotiation_n linger_v out_o till_o the_o restoration_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o resolve_v to_o marry_v the_o infanta_n of_o portugal_n procure_v a_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n by_o his_o mediation_n and_o a_o perpetual_a peace_n be_v sign_v by_o they_o according_o the_o 16_o of_o august_n 1661._o the_o privilege_n the_o portugueze_v grant_v to_o the_o dutch_a by_o this_o treaty_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o commerce_n give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n very_o considerable_o in_o portugal_n particular_o after_o the_o french_a prohibit_v all_o foreign_a sugar_n and_o tobacco_n and_o the_o portugueze_v on_o their_o side_n prohibt_v all_o french_a manufacture_n be_v with_o these_o two_o article_n chief_o that_o the_o portugueze_v pay_v for_o all_o french_a good_n but_o after_o the_o french_a leave_v off_o take_v these_o from_o portugal_n the_o portugueze_n will_v deal_v no_o more_o in_o french_a merchandise_n this_o give_v the_o dutch_a a_o opportunity_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o they_o take_v in_o payment_n sugar_n and_o tobacco_n which_o they_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o holland_n be_v chief_o at_o lisbon_n and_o oporto_n but_o the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a as_o for_o st._n ubes_n where_o they_o go_v for_o salt_n there_o be_v very_o little_a or_o no_o consumption_n the_o good_n they_o transport_v to_o portugal_n consist_v chief_o in_o great_a quantity_n of_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n wool_n and_o linen_n small_a ware_n and_o ironwork_n paper_n card_n leather_n corn_n in_o time_n of_o scarcity_n which_o be_v there_o very_o frequent_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n except_o corn_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a consumption_n in_o portugal_n and_o its_o colony_n the_o good_n they_o bring_v from_o portugal_n be_v those_o of_o the_o country_n or_o its_o colony_n the_o latter_a consist_v in_o sugar_n tobacco_n wood_n of_o brazil_n and_o fernambouc_n ox_n hide_v ginger_n pearl_n indigo_n rough_a diamond_n and_o ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n tobacco_n and_o sugar_n be_v the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o portugal_n sugar_n be_v one_o of_o their_o rich_a return_v from_o brazil_n where_o it_o wonderful_o abound_v the_o island_n of_o s._n thomas_n madera_n capo_n verde_n and_o the_o terceras_n also_o furnish_v considerable_a quantity_n but_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n not_o near_o so_o good_a unless_o it_o be_v that_o of_o madera_n they_o have_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o brazil_n wood_n and_o other_o wood_n for_o die_v ambergrease_n which_o come_v from_o melinda_n pearl_n and_o diamond_n from_o the_o east_n indies_n this_o merchandise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a article_n in_o the_o portugal_n trade_n the_o merchadize_n of_o portugal_n itself_o consist_v in_o wine_n among_o which_o i_o shall_v reckon_v those_o of_o madera_n oil_n olive_n aniseed_n excellent_a fruit_n rasin_n and_o figs._n it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o dutch_a bring_v every_o year_n from_o portugal_n ten_o or_o twelve_o ship_n lade_v with_o those_o commodity_n include_v lemon_n and_o orange_n without_o reckon_v their_o dry_a sweetmeat_n make_v of_o several_a sort_n of_o admirable_a fruit_n in_o portugal_n and_o brazil_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o send_v every_o year_n direct_o into_o portugal_n above_o twenty_o sail_n of_o ship_n beside_o other_o ship_n that_o trade_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o come_v thence_o to_o s._n ube_v for_o their_o lade_n of_o salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o great_a consumption_n in_o the_o north_n where_o it_o have_v be_v very_o much_o in_o use_n for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o commerce_n of_o holland_n with_o portugal_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o fleet_n of_o fifty_o ship_n that_o be_v every_o year_n constant_o employ_v for_o that_o end_n from_o fifteen_o to_o thirty_o gun_n with_o which_o they_o do_v good_a service_n against_o the_o corsair_n and_o pirate_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a or_o streights_n trade_n the_o trade_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v heretofore_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o world_n when_o that_o of_o the_o indies_n only_o pass_v through_o alexandria_n and_o some_o other_o port_n of_o syria_n this_o commerce_n be_v chief_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o french_a italian_n and_o catalans_n but_o the_o venetian_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o the_o portugueze_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o asia_n turn_v the_o current_n and_o the_o italian_n and_o the_o french_a enjoy_v only_o the_o commerce_n with_o the_o province_n and_o country_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a which_o however_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o this_o they_o keep_v to_o themselves_o till_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a begin_v to_o traffic_n with_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o former_a in_o the_o year_n 1599_o and_o the_o latter_a in_o 1612._o since_o that_o time_n those_o two_o nation_n have_v make_v themselves_o so_o much_o master_n of_o that_o trade_n that_o the_o italian_n and_o french_a have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v
town_n in_o the_o low_a country_n but_o his_o hope_n be_v frustrate_v for_o be_v engage_v in_o almost_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n and_o not_o take_v due_a care_n to_o free_v the_o sea_n from_o rover_n and_o enemy_n it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o town_n of_o flanders_n which_o use_v to_o follow_v the_o fishery_n and_o sea_n trade_n lose_v both_o so_o far_o be_v they_o from_o get_v among_o they_o any_o share_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o antwerp_n this_o make_v the_o whole_a fishery_n remove_v to_o holland_n and_o the_o manufacture_n of_o flanders_n into_o other_o country_n one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o workman_n and_o merchant_n who_o wrought_v or_o deal_v in_o silk_n damask_n taffeta_n and_o stocking_n etc._n etc._n go_v to_o settle_v in_o england_n because_o none_o in_o that_o country_n know_v at_o that_o time_n to_o work_v in_o those_o manufacture_n a_o great_a many_o go_v to_o leyden_n and_o most_o of_o they_o that_o deal_v in_o linen_n go_v to_o settle_v in_o harlem_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o who_o go_v to_o amsterdam_n it_o be_v astonish_v to_o think_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o antwerp_n in_o leave_v a_o place_n the_o most_o convenient_a in_o the_o world_n for_o trade_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o one_o seem_v the_o most_o improper_a in_o all_o europe_n one_o will_v have_v rather_o think_v that_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o england_n who_o situation_n and_o harbour_n be_v so_o admirable_o fit_v for_o trade_n may_v have_v invite_v they_o thither_o those_o merchant_n who_o be_v of_o the_o reform_a religion_n will_v have_v have_v a_o great_a inclination_n to_o settle_v there_o than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoever_o in_o hope_n not_o only_o to_o live_v more_o at_o quiet_a but_o also_o on_o account_n of_o the_o situation_n which_o be_v very_o advantageous_a for_o trade_v with_o all_o europe_n but_o they_o want_v to_o be_v in_o a_o country_n where_o foreigner_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v such_o custom_n and_o other_o tax_n which_o the_o native_a english_a be_v free_a from_o for_o in_o england_n it_o seem_v at_o the_o time_n foreigner_n and_o all_o their_o posterity_n pay_v double_a what_o the_o native_n do_v beside_o foreigner_n be_v exclude_v all_o company_n or_o society_n of_o trade_n so_o that_o none_o be_v allow_v to_o work_v either_o as_o partner_n or_o master_n unless_o at_o such_o trade_n as_o the_o native_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o so_o that_o none_o go_v thither_o but_o such_o as_o wrought_v in_o serges_n damask_n stocking_n etc._n etc._n most_o of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a inconvenience_n they_o be_v also_o sure_a to_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o hanse_v town_n which_o partly_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o almost_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o antwerp_n come_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o town_n of_o holland_n which_o be_v free_a from_o all_o those_o obstacle_n the_o situation_n of_o these_o neighbour_a town_n and_o several_a other_o consideration_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o draw_v thither_o especial_o to_o amsterdam_n all_o this_o vast_a and_o profitable_a trade_n after_o the_o union_n of_o the_o seven_o province_n and_o the_o world_n see_v this_o new_a republic_n defend_v itself_o with_o success_n against_o spain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n all_o those_o who_o hate_v the_o spanish_a government_n retire_v thither_o as_o to_o a_o asylum_n from_o its_o rigour_n and_o severity_n the_o persecution_n which_o spain_n renew_v with_o too_o great_a severity_n in_o several_a place_n against_o those_o who_o have_v embrace_v the_o new_a opinion_n people_v the_o unite_a province_n with_o a_o world_n of_o excellent_a artisan_n who_o set_v up_o there_o several_a new_a manufacture_n and_o bring_v those_o they_o have_v already_o to_o great_a perfection_n the_o civil_a war_n that_o last_v so_o long_o in_o france_n then_o in_o germany_n and_o last_o of_o all_o in_o england_n augment_v considerable_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o the_o war_n which_o break_v out_o in_o the_o year_n 1634_o in_o the_o low_a country_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n make_v likewise_o great_a number_n of_o merchant_n and_o workman_n come_v into_o holland_n for_o the_o rich_a village_n of_o flanders_n brabant_n and_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o maese_n be_v ruin_v by_o winter_n quarter_n the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o leave_v they_o because_o the_o most_o trade_a town_n have_v lose_v all_o their_o commerce_n and_o the_o carriage_n of_o good_n be_v liable_a to_o such_o imminent_a danger_n all_o this_o cause_v not_o only_o the_o town_n of_o holland_n to_o grow_v extraordinary_o populous_a but_o double_o increase_v their_o trade_n as_o have_v a_o prodigious_a vent_n for_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o their_o manufacture_n and_o other_o commodity_n during_o the_o continuance_n of_o that_o war._n but_o after_o all_o nothing_o have_v increase_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o holland_n and_o their_o manufacture_n so_o much_o as_o the_o french_a protestant_n who_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o merchant_n or_o artisan_n and_o come_v thither_o about_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n since_o to_o conclude_v it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v for_o incontestable_a truth_n that_o whenever_o trade_n be_v clog_v or_o constrain_v in_o any_o government_n it_o will_v retire_v to_o other_o where_o it_o may_v have_v great_a safety_n and_o be_v more_o favourable_o use_v which_o happiness_n at_o that_o time_n it_o can_v no_o where_n find_v so_o well_o as_o in_o holland_n have_v here_o clear_o explain_v and_o observe_v the_o principal_a motive_n which_o induce_v so_o many_o merchant_n and_o artisan_n to_o go_v in_o million_o to_o the_o unite_a province_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o their_o commerce_n be_v how_o they_o carry_v it_o on_o and_o a_o country_n produce_v nothing_o necessary_a to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n be_v become_v the_o centre_n of_o both_o for_o holland_n produce_v nothing_o at_o all_o necessary_a except_o butter_n cheese_n and_o clay_n to_o make_v delft_n ware_n or_o other_o eastern_a ware_n and_o this_o be_v well_o worth_a the_o observation_n of_o the_o reader_n that_o be_v any_o way_n verse_v in_o politic_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o origin_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o vast_a trade_n of_o holland_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o some_o manufacture_n be_v set_v up_o in_o several_a place_n of_o holland_n even_o while_o the_o hanse_v town_n command_v all_o the_o trade_n and_o navigation_n of_o europe_n the_o art_n of_o pickle_a herring_n have_v be_v find_v out_o as_o i_o before_o observe_v about_o 250_o year_n ago_o and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o bruges_n increase_a that_n of_o holland_n though_o it_o be_v but_o then_o inconsiderable_a in_o comparison_n to_o what_o it_o be_v afterward_o by_o the_o destruction_n of_o that_o of_o antwerp_n the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o people_n that_o leave_v the_o low_a country_n together_o with_o the_o vast_a riches_n they_o bring_v thither_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o who_o come_v thither_o from_o other_o country_n where_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n be_v not_o permit_v be_v of_o necessity_n oblige_v to_o trade_n by_o sea_n to_o procure_v for_o themselves_o necessary_n for_o life_n the_o new_a country_n they_o be_v come_v to_o inhabit_v be_v but_o of_o small_a extent_n and_o not_o produce_v near_o what_o they_o have_v a_o absolute_a occasion_n for_o this_o barrenness_n of_o holland_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n we_o see_v carry_v on_o there_o at_o this_o time_n for_o the_o great_a and_o incredible_a number_n of_o people_n who_o flee_v thither_o for_o security_n have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o subsist_v and_o to_o pay_v those_o heavy_a tax_n so_o often_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n against_o the_o spaniard_n these_o two_o powerful_a motive_n the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o liberty_n cause_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o carry_v their_o good_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n where_o they_o have_v any_o prospect_n of_o gain_n about_o the_o year_n 1625_o they_o trade_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o north_n to_o germany_n poland_n muscovy_n england_n to_o the_o spanish_a low_a country_n and_o to_o portugal_n under_o spanish_a colour_n or_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n in_o alliance_n with_o philip_n ii_o but_o the_o spaniard_n afterward_o have_v by_o their_o severity_n and_o vexation_n deter_v the_o dutch_a from_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o trade_n with_o either_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n find_v to_o their_o no_o small_a loss_n the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o their_o mistake_a politic_n for_o the_o seaman_n and_o trader_n who_o have_v by_o the_o interruption_n of_o trade_n with_o spain_n and_o portugal_n lose_v all_o manner_n of_o employment_n be_v resolve_v not_o to_o sit_v still_o but_o hazard_v all_o rather_o than_o live_v without_o trading_n with_o this_o resolution_n
memoirs_fw-fr of_o the_o dutch_a trade_n in_o all_o the_o state_n kingdom_n and_o empire_n in_o the_o world_n show_v its_o first_o rise_n and_o prodigious_a progress_n after_o what_o manner_n the_o dutch_a manage_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n their_o dominion_n and_o government_n in_o the_o indies_n by_o what_o mean_v they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o europe_n what_o good_n and_o merchandise_n be_v proper_a for_o maritime_a traffic_n whence_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o what_o gain_n and_o profit_n they_o produce_v a_o work_n very_o necessary_a for_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o concern_v in_o trade_n do_v from_o the_o french_a now_o print_v at_o amsterdam_n london_n print_v for_o j._n sackfield_n in_o lincolns-inn-square_a g._n davis_n under_o sergeants-inn_n in_o chancery-lane_n and_o sell_v by_o t._n warner_n in_o pater-noster-rore_a the_o author_n preface_n some_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o distinction_n who_o i_o ought_v 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this_o man_n who_o be_v bear_v at_o bourge_n be_v entire_o addict_v to_o foreign_a trade_n in_o a_o time_n when_o scarce_o any_o one_o meddle_v with_o it_o in_o france_n get_v prodigious_a wealth_n which_o he_o employ_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n and_o the_o support_v of_o the_o state_n matthew_n coucy_n a_o historian_n his_o contemporary_a speak_v of_o he_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o king_n say_v he_o have_v in_o his_o kingdom_n a_o man_n of_o mean_a extraction_n who_o name_n be_v jaques_n cover_v who_o by_o his_o sense_n vigilance_n and_o good_a conduct_n so_o order_v it_o as_o to_o undertake_v trade_v in_o commodity_n of_o the_o hight_a value_n which_o he_o still_o continue_v to_o do_v notwithstanding_o his_o be_v make_v moneyer_n to_o king_n charles_n in_o which_o office_n he_o continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o great_a power_n and_o prosperity_n he_o have_v under_o he_o many_o clerk_n and_o factor_n who_o have_v the_o 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the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n of_o all_o action_n this_o be_v so_o true_a that_o spain_n in_o who_o dominion_n these_o two_o metal_n be_v produce_v in_o great_a abundance_n be_v very_o often_o straighten_a for_o other_o necessity_n of_o life_n and_o that_o pure_o for_o have_v neglect_v trade_n and_o manufacture_n and_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o america_n will_v scarce_o be_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v for_o all_o the_o merchandise_n and_o provision_n that_o the_o other_o nation_n of_o europe_n bring_v thither_o trade_n which_o have_v not_o any_o enemy_n so_o mortal_a as_o constraint_n change_v its_o residence_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o spaniard_n begin_v to_o deprive_v the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n of_o their_o privilege_n the_o inquisition_n which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v set_v up_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o the_o cruelty_n he_o exercise_v in_o govern_v those_o rich_a province_n force_v such_o infinite_a number_n to_o leave_v they_o that_o in_o a_o few_o 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iii_o of_o the_o fishery_n manufacture_n and_o navigation_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n it_o be_v certain_a as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o manufacture_n establish_v in_o holland_n long_o before_o their_o fishery_n traffic_n and_o navigation_n but_o then_o this_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o matter_n that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o the_o fishery_n give_v birth_n to_o their_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o monsieu_n de_fw-fr wit_n and_o the_o most_o understand_a person_n in_o holland_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n fish_n on_o their_o own_o sea_n coast_n lake_n and_o river_n and_o take_v vast_a quantity_n of_o cod_n haddock_n salmon_n sole_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o how_o considerable_a that_o fishery_n may_v be_v and_o how_o great_a the_o quantity_n be_v which_o they_o carry_v to_o foreign_a country_n yet_o it_o may_v true_o be_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n in_o comparison_n of_o their_o herring_n fishery_n which_o in_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n employ_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o men._n this_o fish_n which_o continue_v from_o midsummer_n day_n to_o the_o 14_o of_o september_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o hold_v to_o the_o 25_o of_o november_n be_v chief_o on_o the_o northern_a coast_n of_o england_n off_o of_o yarmouth_n wintertownness_n and_o the_o river_n humber_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o republic_n the_o state_n general_n have_v always_o use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o secure_v their_o countryman_n the_o herring_n fishery_n their_o regulation_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v wonderful_a and_o the_o order_n almost_o innumerable_a they_o take_v great_a care_n to_o throw_v all_o away_o that_o be_v not_o extreme_o good_a and_o to_o salt_n the_o other_o in_o time_n that_o the_o salt_n be_v good_a and_o the_o quantity_n sufficient_a that_o the_o parcel_n be_v sweet_a and_o clean_o and_o have_v 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the_o dutch_a fish_n and_o sell_v every_o year_n above_o 300000_o tun_n of_o fish_n which_o at_o 200_o florin_n per_fw-la tun_n bring_v in_o every_o year_n 75_o million_o of_o liver_n of_o which_o 52_o million_o turn_n as_o they_o say_v to_o the_o country_n profit_n and_o the_o 23_o other_o million_o that_o remain_v go_v towards_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o fishery_n so_o that_o if_o one_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o ship_n employ_v in_o fish_v be_v build_v in_o holland_n that_o all_o the_o cordage_n sail_n net_n and_o barrel_n be_v make_v there_o and_o that_o they_o find_v their_o own_o salt_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o this_o great_a number_n of_o fisherman_n one_o may_v easy_o comprehend_v that_o this_o employment_n only_o maintain_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o man_n and_o family_n not_o include_v all_o those_o who_o be_v employ_v to_o transport_v these_o fish_n to_o almost_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o country_n
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that_o of_o china_n horn_n for_o cheese_n which_o its_o inhabitant_n transport_v to_o all_o part_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o some_o year_n ago_o this_o commodity_n of_o cheese_n and_o some_o other_o article_n make_v trade_n considerable_o flourish_v in_o horn._n the_o commerce_n of_o enchuisen_n consist_v chief_o in_o herring_n which_o make_v that_o town_n very_o considerable_a and_o very_o rich_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o dutch_a trade_n in_o the_o north_n muscovy_n and_o norway_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o northern_a trade_n not_o only_o because_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o the_o dutch_a apply_v themselves_o to_o but_o also_o because_o be_v of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o necessity_n of_o any_o to_o that_o republic_n since_o from_o hence_o she_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o her_o provision_n as_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n so_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o her_o people_n as_o also_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o navigation_n without_o which_o and_o other_o commodity_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n they_o will_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o support_v themselves_o under_o this_o article_n of_o the_o northern_a trade_n i_o comprehend_v that_o of_o muscovy_n norway_n and_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o baltick-sea_n that_o be_v that_o of_o sweden_n denmark_n poland_n and_o all_o the_o lower-germany_n the_o hanse_v town_n for_o many_o year_n together_o engross_v this_o trade_n but_o erick_n the_o 8_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o denmark_n against_o who_o they_o wage_v a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a war_n have_v about_o the_o year_n 1403_o call_v in_o the_o zelander_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n to_o his_o assistance_n open_v to_o they_o the_o south-passage_n for_o their_o more_o commodious_a carry_v on_o their_o trade_n to_o the_o baltic_a think_v he_o can_v have_v no_o better_a way_n to_o be_v revenge_v on_o these_o town_n since_o that_o time_n be_v true_a they_o have_v often_o boast_v of_o their_o keep_v that_o sea_n clear_a of_o foreigner_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n and_o their_o trade_n the_o great_a that_o ever_o be_v then_o know_v decline_v in_o the_o year_n 1500_o diminish_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o their_o power_n come_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o about_o the_o year_n 1506._o the_o dutch_a and_o english_a apply_v themselves_o very_o earnest_o to_o navigation_n and_o the_o former_a have_v with_o much_o honour_n put_v a_o end_n to_o a_o war_n they_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v against_o the_o spaniard_n for_o their_o liberty_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o 1609_o all_o nation_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v trade_v people_n court_v their_o alliance_n the_o hanse_v town_n be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v their_o inclination_n believe_v that_o nothing_o will_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o little_a trade_n and_o credit_n they_o have_v leave_v the_o dutch_a on_o their_o side_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o such_o a_o alliance_n which_o promise_v they_o
subject_n to_o philip._n the_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o that_o trade_n after_o it_o thus_o expire_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o look_v out_o for_o those_o good_n in_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n which_o they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o sevill_n and_o lisbon_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o that_o republic_n and_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n philip_n the_o three_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n philip_z the_o second_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n 1598._o see_v plain_o that_o all_o endeavour_n that_o be_v use_v to_o bring_v the_o dutch_a to_o a_o peace_n prove_v ineffectual_a resolve_v to_o forbid_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o trade_n whatsoever_o with_o his_o subject_n hope_v that_o by_o take_v away_o that_o which_o support_v they_o to_o that_o time_n in_o their_o war_n they_o will_v have_v no_o mind_n to_o continue_v it_o when_o they_o shall_v see_v themselves_o deprive_v of_o such_o support_n it_o be_v visible_a that_o all_o the_o riches_n of_o holland_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o navigation_n and_o trade_n and_o that_o their_o great_a traffic_n be_v with_o spain_n whither_o they_o not_o only_o carry_v the_o merchandise_n of_o their_o own_o state_n but_o corn_n from_o poland_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n that_o they_o may_v in_o exchange_n carry_v home_o vast_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n philip_n the_o three_o execute_v his_o edict_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o severity_n a_o very_a exact_a search_n be_v make_v all_o over_o spain_n for_o dutch_a merchant_n and_o sailor_n some_o of_o which_o be_v condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o galley_n other_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n by_o several_a kind_n of_o torture_n this_o interdiction_n of_o commerce_n be_v likewise_o pulish_v in_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o princess_n isabel_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n their_o sovereign_n the_o state_n general_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o content_v with_o bare_o prohibit_v all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n they_o likewise_o forbid_v all_o other_o nation_n bring_v into_o their_o country_n any_o provision_n or_o other_o commodity_n whatsoever_o from_o spain_n declare_v that_o all_o that_o do_v so_o shall_v be_v esteem_v spanish_a partisan_n and_o be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n a_o copy_n of_o this_o declaration_n of_o the_o states-general_n be_v send_v to_o all_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v not_o pretend_v ignorance_n france_n come_v into_o the_o dutch_a scheme_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o after_o 6_o month_n any_o of_o her_o subject_n shall_v trade_v with_o spain_n they_o will_v in_o so_o do_v expose_v themselves_o to_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o the_o crown_n will_v not_o concern_v itself_o to_o remedy_n and_o the_o other_o power_n likewise_o acquiesce_v to_o this_o bold_a declaration_n notwithstanding_o these_o severe_a prohibition_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o dutch_a as_o before_o trade_v to_o all_o the_o spanish_a country_n by_o mean_n of_o passport_n the_o spaniard_n themselves_o give_v they_o for_o money_n which_o they_o often_o want_v to_o carry_v on_o their_o affair_n in_o short_a the_o truce_n of_o twelve_o year_n be_v conclude_v between_o spain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o and_o by_o it_o the_o freedom_n of_o trade_n be_v reestablished_a between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o trader_n of_o each_o nation_n shall_v pay_v no_o great_a duty_n than_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o ally_n of_o such_o nation_n who_o pay_v the_o low_a custom_n and_o that_o the_o dutch_a may_v be_v secure_v from_o apprehend_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o inquisition_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o liberty_n as_o be_v stipulate_v to_o the_o english_a some_o time_n before_o in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o velasco_n which_o the_o constable_n of_o castille_n have_v make_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o england_n the_o war_n that_o be_v revive_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o truce_n interrupt_v the_o trade_n of_o both_o nation_n till_o the_o year_n 1648_o when_o they_o conclude_v a_o perpetual_a peace_n at_o munster_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o trade_n the_o dutch_a drove_n with_o spain_n become_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o ever_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o crown_v yield_v to_o they_o in_o that_o treaty_n those_o great_a advantage_n they_o offer_v the_o unite_a province_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a mean_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o draw_v the_o state_n from_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o to_o make_v a_o separate_a peace_n with_o they_o and_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o save_n of_o that_o monarchy_n the_o dutch_a trade_n with_o spain_n continue_v from_o that_o time_n till_o now_o that_o be_v till_o the_o break_n out_o of_o this_o present_a war_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1702_o on_o account_n of_o the_o partition_n treaty_n which_o be_v design_v to_o exclude_v philip_n v._o the_o present_a king_n from_o succeed_a charles_n ii_o who_o lawful_a heir_n and_o successor_n he_o be_v it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o observe_v how_o reason_n of_o state_n have_v unite_v these_o two_o nation_n the_o most_o averse_a to_o each_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o who_o hatred_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o spaniard_n seem_v irreconciliable_a the_o spaniard_n favour_v the_o dutch_a in_o their_o trade_n as_o much_o as_o they_o possible_o can_v particular_o since_o the_o year_n 1667_o in_o hope_n to_o have_v ruin_v that_o of_o the_o french_a and_o they_o be_v not_o unsuccessful_a in_o that_o respect_n but_o the_o dutch_a trade_n never_o flourish_v so_o much_o in_o spain_n as_o since_o the_o war_n between_o france_n and_o holland_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1672_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a war_n for_o they_o not_o only_o furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o such_o good_n as_o they_o use_v to_o have_v from_o france_n but_o furnish_v themselves_o likewise_o from_o spain_n with_o what_o france_n use_v to_o supply_v they_o with_o before_o the_o several_a war_n of_o 1672_o and_o 1690._o the_o dutch_a trade_v very_o much_o to_o all_o those_o place_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o spain_n as_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n etc._n etc._n before_o this_o present_a war_n and_o which_o she_o have_v now_o lose_v as_o well_o as_o those_o which_o the_o french_a lose_v some_o time_n after_o that_o be_v to_o say_v during_o the_o three_o last_v campaign_n but_o their_o chief_a trade_n of_o all_o be_v that_o of_o cadiz_n and_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v in_o that_o famous_a port_n of_o spain_n where_o the_o galleon_n be_v equipt_v out_o for_o peru_n and_o the_o flotilla_n for_o mexico_n and_o new_a spain_n and_o which_o return_n thither_o with_o their_o rich_a lade_n from_o those_o empire_n and_o bring_v almost_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n we_o see_v in_o europe_n however_o though_o the_o spaniard_n be_v the_o master_n of_o those_o country_n where_o gold_n and_o silver_n grow_v in_o such_o abundance_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o they_o have_v less_o of_o either_o than_o those_o nation_n that_o trade_n with_o they_o which_o show_v that_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n contribute_v much_o less_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o country_n than_o trade_n and_o commerce_n what_o follow_v be_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n the_o dutch_a use_v to_o carry_v into_o spain_n and_o bring_v thence_o before_o the_o last_o rupture_n that_o which_o they_o import_v consist_v chief_o of_o linen_n of_o all_o sort_n woollen_a stuff_n a_o great_a number_n of_o silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n stuff_v drug_n spice_n small_a iron_n wares_n mast_n and_o timber_n the_o linen_n bring_v into_o spain_n by_o foreigner_n ever_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o most_o considerable_a article_n of_o that_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a consumption_n both_o in_o spain_n and_o america_n the_o french_a furnish_v the_o spaniard_n a_o long_a time_n with_o this_o commodity_n i_o believe_v i_o shall_v not_o exceed_v the_o truth_n by_o affirm_v that_o this_o only_a article_n of_o the_o french_a commerce_n amount_v every_o year_n to_o about_o eight_o million_o of_o livre_n the_o linen_n that_o the_o dutch_a bring_v into_o spain_n be_v general_o of_o the_o fine_a sort_n that_o be_v make_v in_o overissel_n and_o about_o dovay_n and_o valenciennes_n they_o sell_v they_o in_o spain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lawn_n and_o cambric_n they_o vend_v likewise_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o linen_n call_v perseilles_n and_o brabant_n it_o be_v very_o broad_a and_o coarse_a and_o serve_v the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n to_o wrap_v up_o good_n in_o beside_o this_o they_o sell_v a_o world_n of_o fine_a and_o coarse_a
of_o the_o company_n that_o from_o the_o year_n 1623._o to_o the_o year_n 1636_o they_o have_v put_v to_o sea_n 800_o vessel_n on_o account_n of_o war_n and_o trade_n the_o charge_n and_o expense_n of_o which_o amount_v to_o 45000000_o of_o gulder_n only_o for_o the_o ship_n the_o rig_n and_o other_o necessary_a furniture_n and_o provision_n and_o that_o they_o have_v take_v from_o their_o enemy_n 545_o vessel_n which_o they_o value_v at_o 60_o million_o and_o the_o other_o plunder_n amount_v to_o above_o 30_o million_o that_o peter_n hempskirke_n have_v take_v near_o the_o havana_n the_o peru_n fleet_n aboard_o which_o he_o find_v seven_o million_o of_o silver_n beside_o other_o good_n cannon_n and_o stores_n which_o amount_v to_o above_o ten_o million_o and_o that_o the_o loss_n the_o enemy_n sustain_v and_o of_o which_o the_o company_n can_v make_v no_o advantage_n come_v to_o above_o 35_o million_o one_o of_o their_o most_o considerable_a loss_n be_v that_o occasion_v by_o 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four_o battle_n successive_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o man_n of_o war_n which_o have_v on_o board_n 1200_o mariner_n you_o see_v what_o the_o purse_n of_o these_o merchant_n have_v effect_v in_o africa_n and_o america_n the_o truce_n which_o the_o state_n general_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o conclude_v with_o the_o portugueze_v who_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o under_o the_o spanish_a government_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1640_o stop_v the_o porgress_n of_o the_o company_n which_o in_o some_o measure_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o ruin_n for_o see_v all_o thing_n in_o peace_n they_o recall_v their_o governor_n general_n into_o europe_n in_o the_o year_n 1644_o and_o remit_v all_o power_n and_o authority_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o three_o people_n viz._n the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr hamet_n at_o amsterdam_n de_fw-fr basis_n a_o goldsmith_n at_o harlem_n and_o bullestrat_v a_o carpenter_n of_o middlebourg_n man_n who_o head_n be_v wonderful_o well_o turn_v for_o trade_v but_o very_o ill_a for_o politic_n as_o the_o event_n clear_o make_v it_o appear_v these_o good_a man_n who_o think_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o how_o to_o increase_v their_o riches_n and_o make_v commerce_n flourish_v sell_v arm_n and_o gunpowder_n to_o the_o portugueze_v on_o account_n of_o those_o extravagant_a price_n they_o give_v and_o let_v the_o fortification_n of_o their_o strong_a place_n fall_v to_o ruin_v neglect_v furnish_v they_o with_o ammunition_n and_o arm_n and_o permit_v the_o soldier_n when_o ever_o they_o please_v to_o come_v into_o europe_n on_o purpose_n to_o lessen_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o garrison_n this_o ill_a conduct_n and_o negligence_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o portugueze_v to_o retake_v from_o the_o dutch_a all_o they_o have_v in_o brazil_n by_o renew_v the_o war._n at_o last_o this_o war_n come_v to_o a_o end_v the_o sixteenth_o day_n of_o august_n 1661._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v to_o marry_v the_o infanta_n of_o portugal_n by_o this_o treaty_n the_o dutch_a company_n entire_o quit_v all_o their_o pretension_n to_o brazil_n for_o a_o good_a round_a sum_n the_o portugueze_n give_v they_o with_o liberty_n that_o they_o may_v trade_v as_o friend_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brazil_n in_o the_o port_n of_o portugal_n and_o their_o dependency_n and_o on_o condition_n that_o the_o portugueze_n will_v regulate_v the_o price_n of_o salt_n there_o remain_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o company_n only_o the_o fort_n they_o have_v on_o the_o golden_a coast_n and_o cape_n verde_n for_o the_o portugueze_n have_v retake_v the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o town_n of_o st._n salvador_n and_o st._n paul_n the_o island_n of_o curazao_n and_o tabaco_n and_o the_o new_a country_n between_o virginia_n and_o new-england_n which_o be_v find_v out_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o brazil_n the_o extraordinary_a expense_n the_o company_n be_v at_o in_o the_o last_o brazil_n war_n drain_v they_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o who_o before_o equal_v the_o east-india_n company_n be_v reduce_v to_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o they_o can_v not_o pay_v six_o million_o of_o guilder_n or_o somewhat_o more_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o borrow_v upon_o interest_n the_o state_n general_n to_o preserve_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o african_a coast_n and_o the_o place_n they_o there_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1674_o form_n a_o new_a company_n compose_v of_o the_o old_a partner_n or_o sharer_n and_o their_o creditor_n the_o method_n they_o take_v and_o concert_v please_v both_o party_n and_o this_o second_o company_n have_v get_v a_o fund_z of_o about_o six_o million_o of_o guilder_n keep_v up_o very_o well_o their_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o get_v very_o considerable_a sum_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o here_o some_o little_a idea_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o wherein_o it_o chief_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o nation_n in_o europe_n the_o dutch_a be_v those_o who_o constant_o have_v have_v the_o great_a trade_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n they_o have_v there_o two_o principal_a establishment_n one_o at_o cape_n verde_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o golden_a coast_n in_o guiney_n in_o the_o little_a island_n of_o goree_n near_o cape_n verde_n they_o have_v the_o fort_n of_o gor_o and_o nassau_n where_o there_o be_v a_o very_a good_a road_n and_o excellent_a bay_n this_o port_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o they_o in_o the_o trade_n to_o cape_n verde_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a but_o the_o establishment_n on_o the_o golden_a coast_n be_v of_o much_o more_o consequence_n their_o trade_n there_o be_v now_o more_o considerable_a and_o rich_a the_o two_o strong_a fort_n be_v fort_n st_n george_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr minas_n and_o fort_n nassau_n which_o be_v but_o 4_o league_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o fort_n of_o achem_n danubo_n acaro_n sama_n and_o bouten_n they_o trade_n likewise_o to_o other_o country_n lie_v along_o and_o beyond_o the_o golden_a coast_n viz._n the_o kingdom_n of_o arden_n benin_n congo_n and_o angola_n the_o chief_a commodity_n be_v gold_n ivory_n slave_n leather_n gum_n etc._n etc._n gold_n be_v find_v almost_o every_o where_n on_o the_o coast_n between_o fort_n d'_fw-fr arquin_n near_o the_o white_a cape_n belong_v still_o to_o the_o dutch_a and_o the_o golden_a coast_n the_o inhabitant_n get_v some_o in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o some_o from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o africa_n but_o there_o be_v no_o place_n in_o all_o the_o west_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o such_o rich_a mine_n as_o on_o the_o golden_a coast_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n that_o be_v there_o produce_v this_o country_n be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasury_n these_o be_v the_o golden_a mine_n which_o make_v the_o nation_n of_o europe_n establish_v themselves_o in_o 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