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england_n	france_n	king_n	war_n	17,303	5	6.8100	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12609	The Ottoman of Lazaro Soranzo VVherein is deliuered aswell a full and perfect report of the might and power of Mahamet the third, great Emperour of the Turkes now raigning: together with the interestes and dealinges which he hath with sondrie other princes, what hee is plotting against the state of Christendome, and on the other side what we may practise and put in execution against him to his great damage and annoyaunce. As also a true description of diuers peoples, countries, citties and voyages, which are most necessarie to bee knowen, especially at this time of the present warre in Hungarie. Translated out of Italian into English, by Abraham Hartvvell.; L'ottomano. English.	Soranzo, Lazzaro.; Hartwell, Abraham, b. 1553.	1603 (1603)	STC 22931; ESTC S117656	132,559	234

in respect of the great enmitie which is betweene that king and the Queene of England who doth greatly ease that warre by troubling him in his state of Portugall by intercepting his treasures of the Iudies and by sacking his kingdomes as particularly she did at the Groine which is a place of verie great importance to annoy Spaine to disturbe the nauigation of the Indies and also to attempt diuers other places in that other nauigation of the Ocean Moreouer that he was so farre interessed in the wars of France that he could not wholy turne himselfe any whither else To bee short that suppose he be reconciled and at peace with the said princes so that with more safetie and ease hee might attend this principall enterprise in tended against him yet might the Turke damnifie him in his Spices and other Marchandizes yea and if neede were he might diuert him into the Red-sea otherwise called the Persian Gulfe by meanes of the Gallies that lie so conueniently and commodiously for that purpose at Suez or hee might surprise some good fortresse of his as was attempted against the Portingales for Diu and Ormuz and as Alfonso d' Albuguerque the Portugall Viceroy in the Indies thought once to haue done when he meant to haue stollen away the bones of Mahomet by a sodaine incursion into the Countrey with certaine light horsemen euen as farre as Mecca and as it was done at other times while the Soldans reigned and also as Tratan the Emperour was minded to haue done in his time Againe that the passages into Africa might be much troubled especially if the Turke would set vpon the Spanish coast in the Mid-land sea which would bee a great contentment to the subiects who doe continuallie make humble petition and supplication for it as well in regard of the safetie of their traffique and pilgrimages as also that the poore Moores might once bee deliuered from the dominion of the Spaniard as Selim at the lest was perswaded to haue done And so much the rather for that the said Moores who are now multiplied into a great number although they keepe close both for feare also for their traffique whereby they are growen to bee verie rich yet as well by nature as also for Religion doe beare a mortall hatred against the Spaniards Moreouer that this course might easily bee performed by reason of the conueniencie of the hauens in Africa which lie neer at hand and also because the said Princes of Fraunce and England haue offered to continue their warres with him the King of France by disquieting him in the parts of Nauarra for the chalenge which hee hath thereunto and the Queene of England as it hath beene said not onely by setting vpon him in the West Indies and in the Ocean which she may doe both by North and by West but also by raising againe some new stirres in Portugall where there doth not want great store of Mal-contents For that people doth thinke that with the losse of their last king they haue also lost all their wealth and prosperitie because that as vnder his gouernment they grew rich by the peace that he intertained with the said princes of France and England so vnder the Spaniards dominion they do find that by the warres they liue in continuall perils and daunger Againe there be many banished and discontented persons not onely of the kingdome of Portugall but also of the kingdome of Aragon in France in England and in Constantinople who togither with many Moores which also were in Constantinople haue offered many aydes and helpes both secretly and openly and haue promised that the enterprise will be verie easie when so euer Spaine shall be set vpon especially if it bee done vpon a sudden For the greatest part of that kingdome doth want the vse of militarie knowledge because the people of that Countrey do not applie themselues to armes neither are there any ordinarie bands of Souldiers ouer all the realme and but a small number of horses neither Moreouer that the Subiects which Spaine sendeth forth into the Indies into Flanders and into Italie are so manie in number as they doe greatly weaken it yea so much that if occasion should so fall out it should not onely want helpe of their owne but also should stand in need to be relieued with the ayde and assistance of other states that are neere vnto them and subiects of the same crowne who peraduenture would proue to be of no great good seruice and so much the lesse because they may easily be stopped and diuerted some other way § X. THe fift opinion was to breake the peace with the state of Venice For this said they which endeuoured to perswade the great Turks mind thereunto rather with apparent reasons then with such as were true in deede though peraduenture euery man easily beleeuing that which he desireth they might seeme verie probable and likely to the Turkes that no enterprise happily would proue lesse hard and difficult then this as it might be found by the experience and examples of such actions as had passed heretofore especially seeing the Turkes not many yeares agoe hauing warred with the Venetians and surprised somewhat of theirs had receiued many and great satisfactions at their hands to make peace with them That the said Common-wealth State of Venice accounting peace to be the end wherat it shooteth it should seeme that the people is timerous and cowardly and by their ancient ordinances and customes do neuer prepare themselues to war but when they are drawne vnto it by force that peraduenture they will thinke to be ouercome before they looke for it as it fell out with them for the kingdome of Cyprus That if the said state would make resistance by it selfe alone perhaps it hath not forces sufficient if ioyned in confederacie with others it could not performe any great matter in haste by reason of the many difficulties that depend vppon leagues and namely of the seuerall cogitations and interestes wherewith the Spanish king is now intangled in regard whereof it was inforced at last to make peace with Selem Moreouer that it was a hard matter if not impossible that the said king being so greatly occupied in his other warres could at this time ioyne in league with that state and also that without him all other confederacies to ake warre by Sea were of no importaunce or consideration And as for the Pope though it be very likely that he will do al that possibly he can do to keepe the Christian princes from annoying the said state but rather will aduertise and admonish them to ayde and succour it yet the most that he can doe himselfe is onely that he may yeeld it some assistance either of moneys or of some Ecclesiasticall profites or else peraduenture hee may send to ioyne with their Armada his fiue Gallies which togither with the Gallies of Malta of Sauoy and of Florence can

inclined to peace then otherwise hauing found as it was noted vnto you in the beginning of this discourse the Citie full of dearth his subiects not well pleased with this warre the Bassaes diuided among themselues and specially the two chiefest of them Sinan and Ferat for the one chalenged the chiefe place because hee was alwayes most louing towardes him and had disswaded his father from a certain determination that sometimes he had to put him to death for iealousie of the state and had euer aduertised him from time to time whatsoeuer had happened in the Empire The other thought that he had purchased great merite because he had in so short a time brought him into the possessiō of his Empire that he had so greatly desired and that at such a time as was most important for the estate of all his affaires In such sort as for these causes and for others also which I haue told you before they iustled lustily one agaynst the other● till in the end they were both brought to their deathes Notwithstanding Mahamet after that hee had somwhat setled his houshold domestical affaires was of necessitie constrained to go forth to the war in his owne person and principally besides the reasons before alledhed because the Souldiers did not sticke openly to giue him to vnderstand that to the camp they would go no more without the presence of their great Lord for that they were greatly discontented with the former Generals Sinan and Ferat who had intreated them verie hardly Besides that the seedes of ciuill discords did as yet remaine aliue in those that were affectionate some to one of them and some to the other And lastly because Cicala had promised him assured victorie if hee would so doe § XIX IN this yeare which was the first yeare of his going foorth hee surprised Agria a place which although it bee not verie strong in regard of the hill that commandeth it yet is it of great inportance for the situation because the vniting of the Transiluanians forces with the Emperours will be now more difficult for that the Turkes will continually haunt and beate the way that leadeth from Toccai to Cassouia for the other vpper way of Sacmar is much longer And it is so much of greater importance because if the walles of Agria bee repaired the Turke may there maintaine a puissaunt armie betweene both his enemies § XX. IN this yeare also happened the battaile whereof without doubt it may be said that either both the armies remained victorious the Imperiall in the beginning and the Ottoman in the end or else that neither of them was vanquished by the other seeing both of them retired vncertain of their owne estates or how the matter had gone with them And so do we read that it happened euen alike in the battaile betweene Lewes the xi king of Fraunce and Charles Duke of Burgoine to leaue the examples of the Greekes and Romaines that are more auncient Whereupon it was that both the armies following the aduise and counsaile of Leo the Emperour did rather giue encouragement to their seueral peoples with signes of apparant ioy on both sides then confesse their losses True it is in deed that Mahamet saw with his owne eyes that at the beginning his armie was so discomfited and confounded as greatly fearing his life he fled to a hill in the sight of Agria accompanied with some few of his Agalaries and there dryed and wiped his eyes with a peece of Mahomets apparrell which for reuerence hee carried about him Trne it is that our Men had shewed very great valour for lesse then 50. thousand Souldiers so many iumpe as Francisco Maria Duke of Vrbino required for the extirpation and rooting out of that tyranny went to meete with the enemie fought with him and discomfited an Armie of 300. thousand persons euen in the presence and viewe of their Prince who had gathered the same together almost out of all the Forces of his Empire Insomuch as it cannot any way bee doubtted but that if our men had been lesse greedy more vnited better aduised and instructed and aboue all if they had beene the friends of the Lord of Hostes they had obtayned one of the most singular victories that peraduenture was euer obtained by the Cbristians yea and had taken Mahamet prisoner as Baiazet the first was at Mount Stella by the Greate Tamur Chan that is to say an Iron Lorde who is otherwise by some corruptly called Tamerlan and Tamburlan In briefe to conclude this parte the Turkish Captaines hauing shewed small knowledge and little valour and therefore many of them were degraded and put to death and almost all the common Souldiers hauing likewise shewed great cowardize and astonishment of mind it is very likelie that their Great Lord and Maister will thinke better of his businesse in the yeare to come eyther by making peace or by continuing the warre with lesse daunger Whereupon whiles Christendom attendeth and waiteth in great perplexitie of her doubtfull cogitations peraducnture it shall not be vnprofitable if asmuch as shal lie in me I go about a little further to search out the thoughts and counsels of our enemies and examine what may or ought to bee done by our Princes Christian to aduance their businesses to the glory of God and man The end of the Second Part. The third part Wherein is treated That suppose the Turke will growe to Peace whether it bee good that the Emperour and the Transyluanian make peace with him with a discourse of such matters as if the warre continue the said Princes may worke against him what the other Christian Princes may also doe to meet at all times with such daungers as may alight vppon Christendome by the Ottoman Forces IN this last Part then I will shewe first That let it be supposed Mahamet the Emperour of the Turkes hath a desire to grow to a Peace with the Christian Emperour and with the Transyluanian whether it be good that those Princes should make peace with him and secondly I will discourse vpon such matters as the great Turke feareth if the warre bee continued may bee wrought against him as wel by the said Princes as by the other Princes of Christendome Wherewith I will also endeuour my selfe to giue you such notice and knowledge of peoples and places as peraduenture this my trauaile shall bee deemed altogether vnprofitable § I. EVen from the verie beginning of this warre Amurath refused to treate of peace whereunto he was greatly solicited by the Embassadors of France and England to the ende they might haue procured him to make warre by Sea as before I noted against the king of Spaine of purpose to diuert him from the warre which the said king continued against their Princes Their instant motions they reinforced againe after the two ouerthrowes giuen to the two Hassans the one in Croatia and the other in Hungarie

Amurath was pacified with the Persian but weary he was and so were his people also of so long a warre and therefore he might be well contented with this pacification considering especially that hee had conquered so much Countrey and atchieued so great glorie withall Moreouer he thought also that by ths meanes hee might the more soundly establish his state and better secure the new Inhabitants which he had planted in his new conquered countreyes by distributing among them all the Timari that were to be raysed thereof and by building diuerse fontes therein which should be cited and seated in such maner as one of them might easily helpe and succour the other §. III. VVHiles Amurath thus enioyed this peace from which as being a man giuen to studie and Melancholie he did not of himselfe greatly abhorre he was counselled and aduised by his Visiers to renue the warre Now these Visiers are the chiefe counsellers of warre and of estate and the councell or assembly of these men is called by the Turkes Diuano as hath beene before declared and not Capi that is to say the Porta which properly is the Court wherein is also in diuerse other thinges the Turkes do imitate and follow the Persians who as ye may read in Xenophon did call the Court by that name The reasons wherby they moued aduised him to renue the warre were these Namely that great Empires states cānot be maintained without the helpe of force and armes that as long as the common wealth of Rome kept warres with the Carthagenians and the Emperours of Rome in Germanie that Empire lasted and continued That so likewise had the Ottoman Emperours done in times past who doe not holde the end of warre to bee peace as the Princes of Christendome and other weake princes doe but they take the onely ende of warre to bee warre whereby the Turkes haue not onely amplified and enlarged their Empire to that huge greatnesse wherein now it is but haue also kept their subiects occupied and busied and so haue diuerted them from ciuill seditions and insurrections which for the most part are bred nourished by ease and idlenesse To be short that the subiects whiles they continue in peace some grow to be cowards some apply themselues too greedily to trades and traffike and some to spoyling and robberie insomuch that thereby there will be vtterly lost the knowledge of the Sea-warres which hath now a long time beene almost abandoned and of the land-warre also if for any long space they should ceasse to make warres And consequently they should want Captaines and valiant or hardie Souldiers because the onely vse of war doth inure men to become good warriours and maketh them exceedingly couragious And certaine it is that matters which are atchieued and gotten are preserued by the same meanes whereby they be gotten Besides these Visiers and Bassaes that laboured to perswade him hereunto in regard of their owne interest and benefite especially the two concurrents and opposites Sinan and Ferat who without warres were held in no great credite or account nor could enrich themselues according to the greedie desires of the Barbarians their were also the Agentes of Fraunce of England and of the Prince of Geilan which endeuoured to perswade the same by such reasons as shall be tolde you in due place § IIII. BVt Amurath would not resolue vpon any thing not because he was not perswaded to make war but because hee was not throughly certified what aduantage would grow vnto him by mouing war rather against one prince then against another so much the rather for that the Visiers did differ in their seuerall counsailes and aduises among themselues And for as much as their sundrie opinions did comprehend the chiefest and most principall interests of the world and specially of Christendom I thought with my selfe that it woulde bee a matter not displeasing to such as willingly shal read this discourse to relate them all in particular and with such good order and facilitie as the reports themselues and the pronunciation of that barbarous tongue will suffer me And so by that meane I shall giue you a more full and certaine knowledge of the Ottoman affaires and therewithall note also vnto our Princes the purposes and designements of that tyrant not onely to the ende that they might in time looke about them and bethinke themselues of fit remedies for the same but also the sooner resolue valiantly to band themselues togither in one for the vanquishing and ouerthrow of him § V. THeir opinions were eight in number The first that in any case the warre should be renued agaynst the Persian The second that they should rather bend their forces against the king of Fez and Morocco The third against the Isle of Malta The fourth agaynst the king of Spaine The fift against the state of Venice The sixt agaynst Italie The seuenth agaynst Polonia And lastly the eight against the Emperours § VI. THe reasons of their seueral opinions were these And first touching the renuing of the warre against Persia a kingdom which the Turks comprise vnder the name of Azemia they argued that when soeuer the king should see the great Turk entangled in other enterprises he wold surely break the peace as well for the recouerie of his Country which was lost with smal honour credite as also to be reuenged at one time or other of all the olde griefes and iniuries that he had receyued of the Ottoman Emperours That hee should be prouoked thereunto and assisted therein by the Christian Princes and specially by the king of Spaine who could verie wel doe it by the way of the Indies and by sending vnto him as at sundry other times he had done enginers Gunners and such other helpes That the Countrey was not yet well setled the fortresses were new and the Inhabitants lately planted in great danger and somewhat too farre off to be relieued in time That if the Persians would do nothing else but ransacke and forrage the Champaine the said Inhabitantes should be compelled and inforced to yeeld and giue place vnlesse they would perish for hunger That not to atchieue or obtaine but to prosecute and follow a victorie is the true glorie That the Turke should take good heede not to offend the great prophet Mahomet nor to moue him to indignation or wrath considering that he had obtained greater victories agaynst the enemies of his Religion then euer his predecessors had obtained in former times and therefore it was fit and conuenient and it was also the dutie of a religious and thankefull prince not to omit the iniuries that were done both to God and man There was added to this that Vsbegh-Han had voluntarily offered to serue him in this warre and so had the prince of Geilan also This Vsbegh-Han is the Prince of those Tartarians that dwell at the furthest ende of Persia in that part which the Turkes do call at this day