do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o 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thing_n want_v or_o abound_v according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o estimation_n by_o consent_n after_o the_o pleasure_n and_o sensuality_n of_o man_n the_o history_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n make_v mention_v that_o during_o the_o great_a quantity_n or_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o be_v find_v about_o fourscore_o year_n past_a and_o the_o rareness_n of_o other_o thing_n a_o cloak_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o peru_n for_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n a_o pair_n of_o breech_n of_o cloth_n for_o three_o hundred_o ducat_n a_o good_a horse_n four_o or_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o in_o use_n and_o rare_a according_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n do_v rise_v above_o two_o three_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a concern_v scarcity_n of_o money_n grafton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v great_a war_n with_o france_n and_o scotland_n and_o incorporate_n the_o money_n into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o cause_v through_o the_o lack_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n so_o to_o fall_v that_o a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o two_o shilling_n a_o fat_a ox_n for_o a_o noble_a a_o sheep_n for_o six_o penny_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n make_v the_o two_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o french_a king_n exchequer_n to_o be_v most_o paradoxical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o paradox_n upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n he_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n thereby_o to_o qualify_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o complaint_n the_o substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v most_o expedient_a to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o do_v consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n and_o have_v be_v praise_v and_o sell_v for_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o the_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o say_v he_o therefore_o since_o that_o time_n nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
come_v to_o perfection_n yet_o other_o nation_n do_v not_o regard_v at_o what_o price_n soever_o they_o buy_v they_o and_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v many_o time_n that_o salt_n be_v better_a cheap_a in_o england_n scotland_n and_o flaunders_n then_o in_o france_n neither_o can_v other_o nation_n take_v offence_n if_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o these_o commodity_n for_o they_o have_v do_v the_o like_a upon_o diverse_a commodity_n of_o their_o own_o and_o so_o he_o conclude_v that_o by_o these_o mean_n there_o will_v be_v the_o less_o transport_v and_o so_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n qualify_v by_o great_a store_n remain_v within_o the_o land_n another_o remedy_n against_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n especial_o of_o victual_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o use_n of_o fish_n to_o his_o ancient_a credit_n by_o mean_n whereof_o beef_n mutton_n foul_a &_o all_o such_o kind_n of_o flesh_n will_v become_v better_a cheap_a show_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o commodious_a situation_n of_o france_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o river_n within_o their_o dominion_n and_o so_o with_o galen_n he_o do_v prefer_v fish_n before_o flesh_n for_o that_o fish_n be_v more_o wholesome_a and_o be_v never_o unsound_a as_o the_o pork_n and_o hare_n nor_o scurvy_a as_o the_o sheep_n nor_o lousy_a as_o the_o buck_n neither_o subject_n to_o diverse_a disease_n as_o beast_n be_v neither_o have_v god_n create_v four_o hundred_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n which_o do_v not_o cost_v any_o thing_n to_o feed_v in_o vain_a be_v almost_o all_o fit_a for_o meat_n whereas_o there_o be_v not_o 40_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o foul_a fit_a for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o man_n but_o to_o eat_v flesh_n and_o fish_n together_o be_v very_o unwholesome_a and_o hereupon_o he_o show_v in_o what_o great_a estimation_n fish_n be_v in_o time_n past_a and_o that_o the_o principal_a banquet_n be_v make_v of_o fish_n as_o that_o of_o caligula_n which_o do_v continue_v six_o month_n who_o make_v all_o the_o mediterrane_n sea_n to_o be_v fish_v and_o but_o for_o variety_n foul_a and_o other_o meat_n be_v use_v with_o it_o the_o coast_n of_o picardy_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o sandy_a ground_n say_v he_o there_o the_o fish_n be_v flat_a the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n &_o guienne_n which_o be_v stony_a bring_v forth_o the_o rockefish_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v slimy_a yield_v the_o round_a fish_n as_o lampray_n conger_n &_o such_o like_a and_o yet_o man_n know_v not_o from_o whence_o at_o one_o season_n do_v come_v the_o infinite_a million_o of_o herring_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n and_o england_n pilcheard_n about_o galisiea_n and_o whale_n and_o other_o fish_n in_o new-found_a land_n and_o other_o sea_n commend_v hereupon_o our_o custom_n of_o england_n where_o man_n be_v constrain_v say_v he_o to_o observe_v fish-day_n in_o the_o week_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o beast_n and_o fowl_n the_o only_a mean_a to_o bring_v this_o to_o pass_v be_v the_o example_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n who_o the_o people_n will_v imitate_v adrian_n a_o hollander_n be_v of_o a_o poor_a scholar_n make_v pope_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o disciple_n and_o because_o he_o do_v love_n to_o feed_v upon_o hake-fish_n present_o all_o the_o courtier_n and_o his_o follower_n to_o please_v he_o do_v the_o like_a and_o the_o people_n also_o so_o that_o nothing_o be_v dearer_o at_o rome_n then_o hake_v fish_n the_o example_n therefore_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n which_o inferior_a man_n do_v follow_v of_o their_o superior_n then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o last_o point_n which_o may_v hold_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n in_o a_o certain_a equality_n namely_o certainty_n and_o equality_n of_o money_n which_o for_o the_o time_n must_v not_o be_v mutable_a or_o incertain_a for_o if_o it_o be_v no_o man_n can_v make_v a_o estate_n certain_a the_o contract_n will_v be_v uncertain_a the_o rent_n charge_n tax_n wage_n pension_n penalty_n custom_n and_o imposition_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v be_v uncertain_a whereas_o the_o prince_n say_v he_o must_v be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o avoid_v embase_v and_o counterfeit_v and_o then_o he_o discourse_v of_o some_o ancient_a money_n and_o weight_n use_v by_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o the_o property_n and_o diversity_n of_o metal_n and_o of_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o france_n together_o with_o their_o fineness_n proportion_n &_o valuation_n which_o for_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o do_v pass_v over_o albeit_o i_o mean_v to_o touch_v in_o part_n hereafter_o this_o be_v the_o substance_n and_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n unto_o these_o paradox_n which_o he_o have_v dedicate_v unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o french_a king_n parliament_n for_o to_o encourage_v all_o they_o say_v he_o that_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o study_n of_o so_o good_a a_o subject_n to_o the_o end_n that_o prince_n which_o have_v the_o power_n to_o command_v together_o with_o those_o that_o do_v give_v they_o counsel_n may_v be_v more_o resolve_v in_o those_o thing_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n &_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o they_o shall_v understand_v the_o just_a complaint_n and_o grief_n of_o the_o poor_a people_n which_o do_v feel_v the_o smart_n but_o can_v for_o the_o most_o part_n judge_v of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o those_o that_o have_v some_o judgement_n can_v have_v audience_n or_o mean_n to_o make_v it_o know_v but_o by_o write_n unto_o those_o that_o can_v easy_o remedy_v the_o same_o but_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v according_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o deep_a judgement_n in_o other_o matter_n consider_v of_o these_o two_o paradox_n he_o will_v have_v make_v a_o direct_a answer_n thereunto_o before_o he_o will_v have_v proceed_v in_o his_o discourse_n before_o allege_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v consider_v of_o with_o the_o second_o will_v show_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o contrariety_n for_o the_o first_o do_v consist_v in_o give_v of_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n now_o then_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o deny_v and_o the_o second_o in_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o then_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o affirm_v which_o both_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o permutation_n now_o if_o we_o do_v not_o give_v more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n then_o in_o time_n past_a how_o can_v we_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o thereby_o receive_v a_o loss_n as_o in_o the_o second_o paradox_n be_v allege_v again_o if_o we_o do_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o in_o time_n past_a according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n whereby_o we_o sustain_v a_o loss_n how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a for_o that_o we_o give_v no_o more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n then_o in_o time_n past_a the_o explanation_n of_o his_o intention_n touch_v these_o 2_o paradox_n be_v more_o absurd_a consider_v the_o premise_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v now_o buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a by_o give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n and_o other_o his_o subject_n do_v receive_v the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n proportionable_o for_o their_o revenue_n and_o not_o a_o payment_n of_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o he_o say_v consider_v the_o course_n of_o money_n be_v all_o alike_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o subject_n but_o if_o we_o will_v take_v his_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o he_o have_v except_v the_o crown_n land_n and_o income_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o revenue_n of_o nobleman_n &_o other_o whereof_o the_o price_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v be_v not_o alter_v with_o they_o like_v as_o the_o crown_n land_n with_o we_o which_o be_v at_o the_o ancient_a rent_n when_o silver_n be_v at_o twenty_o penny_n a_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n be_v now_o esteem_v five_o shilling_n how_o can_v this_o construction_n be_v admit_v consider_v that_o he_o do_v conclude_v again_o in_o general_a word_n that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o think_v to_o have_v by_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v which_o be_v by_o enhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o money_n say_v he_o which_o be_v the_o
sell_v see_v that_o those_o nation_n do_v bring_v their_o own_o commodity_n unto_o our_o merchant_n to_o the_o place_n by_o they_o appoint_v which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o much_o as_o will_v you_o buy_v and_o will_v not_o this_o be_v will_n you_o buy_v if_o in_o a_o disperse_a and_o straggle_a manner_n our_o cloth_n be_v carry_v to_o all_o market_n be_v yond_o the_o sea_n in_o several_a place_n which_o will_v take_v away_o the_o desire_n of_o buy_v for_o he_o that_o buy_v do_v it_o in_o hope_n of_o sale_n with_o a_o gain_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o intend_v to_o carry_v the_o commodity_n which_o commodity_n if_o he_o know_v to_o be_v extant_a in_o most_o place_n to_o be_v vent_v will_v quench_v his_o desire_n of_o buy_v and_o he_o that_o come_v to_o barter_n other_o commodity_n for_o we_o have_v also_o the_o like_a consideration_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o our_o cloth_n will_v be_v advance_v in_o price_n when_o man_n shall_v by_o multitude_n run_v to_o the_o market_n or_o into_o the_o country_n in_o all_o place_n to_o buy_v it_o what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o it_o it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a gain_n and_o many_o time_n to_o loss_n we_o be_v natural_o incline_v to_o make_v speedy_a return_n but_o we_o shall_v also_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o we_o shall_v obtain_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o for_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n of_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o we_o shall_v sell_v our_o cloth_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o other_o nation_n shall_v buy_v the_o cloth_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o in_o france_n and_o spain_n at_o the_o vintage_n time_n with_o their_o wine_n and_o raisin_n then_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v sell_v dear_a unto_o we_o by_o they_o again_o for_o the_o small_a gain_n have_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n cause_v we_o and_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o seek_v a_o better_a gain_n upon_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o the_o exhaust_v of_o our_o money_n which_o to_o balance_v the_o matter_n must_v supply_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n in_o this_o manner_n will_v be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a gain_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o end_n a_o exceed_a loss_n to_o the_o general_a commonwealth_n who_o welfare_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o any_o member_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o labourer_n and_o workmen_n wage_n be_v augment_v although_o our_o cloth_n shall_v cost_v so_o much_o the_o dear_a as_o we_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o and_o that_o with_o great_a regard_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o by_o way_n of_o corporation_n their_o handiwork_n be_v vent_v which_o without_o incur_v the_o compass_n of_o monopoly_n be_v very_o commendable_a in_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o use_v in_o many_o country_n last_o that_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n be_v due_o execute_v the_o three_o cause_n say_v master_n bodine_n be_v the_o want_n of_o thing_n proceed_v of_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o thing_n or_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o touch_v the_o trade_n of_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o may_v well_o pass_v over_o as_o he_o do_v and_o make_v only_o our_o stay_n with_o the_o trade_n for_o corn_n which_o if_o it_o be_v guide_v with_o that_o due_a consideration_n both_o for_o preservation_n and_o transportation_n as_o be_v requisite_a will_v make_v plain_a the_o proverb_n france_n can_v be_v famish_v to_o be_v more_o incident_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n then_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n because_o that_o proportionable_o we_o have_v more_o fertile_a ground_n for_o corn_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o france_n have_v but_o in_o some_o place_n for_o those_o country_n where_o the_o vine_n do_v grow_v be_v unapt_a for_o corn_n and_o must_v have_v their_o provision_n from_o the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o many_o time_n out_o of_o england_n when_o our_o corn_n be_v thither_o transport_v be_v with_o we_o too_o good_a cheap_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o comparison_n whereof_o be_v make_v and_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o corn_n regard_v will_v make_v manifest_a that_o to_o sell_v our_o wheat_n for_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o quarter_n and_o other_o grain_n after_o the_o rate_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n notwithstanding_o may_v impose_v a_o great_a custom_n or_o licence_n for_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o which_o transportation_n may_v be_v do_v moderate_o and_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n extant_a and_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v convenient_o be_v spare_v if_o the_o magistrate_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n have_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o market_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o venetian_n have_v who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o every_o province_n do_v know_v little_a more_o or_o less_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n in_o all_o place_n whereupon_o certain_a substantial_a man_n be_v appoint_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o have_v a_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o which_o quantity_n be_v know_v and_o in_o what_o place_n may_v be_v a_o direction_n to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n to_o consider_v what_o the_o realm_n may_v spare_v have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o make_v the_o price_n according_o and_o when_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n be_v limit_v and_o make_v know_v in_o write_v in_o certain_a public_a place_n on_o every_o monday_n of_o the_o week_n all_o engrosser_n forestaller_n or_o other_o that_o buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v prevent_v because_o that_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o power_n but_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o those_o honest_a man_n rate_v at_o all_o time_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o as_o the_o harvest_n be_v distant_a or_o at_o hand_n which_o be_v so_o notify_v unto_o all_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a whereby_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o love_n of_o bread_n be_v due_o observe_v without_o any_o trouble_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o baker_n know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o love_n and_o of_o what_o weight_n deliver_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o true_a weight_n by_o those_o man_n appoint_v unto_o any_o man_n that_o do_v call_v for_o it_o which_o the_o poor_a do_v so_o well_o observe_v for_o that_o his_o indigence_n give_v he_o cause_n that_o without_o trouble_v any_o officer_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o pennyworth_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v find_v it_o want_v of_o his_o weight_n present_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o officer_n as_o it_o be_v the_o constable_n he_o do_v seize_v upon_o all_o the_o baker_n bread_n then_o extant_a and_o take_v the_o one_o moiety_n for_o he_o and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o hospital_n and_o who_o will_v buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v debar_v not_o to_o sell_v at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o with_o gain_n and_o uncertain_a what_o the_o price_n will_v be_v make_v by_o other_o and_o what_o baker_n be_v he_o that_o will_v make_v his_o loaf_n of_o a_o lesser_a weight_n when_o he_o must_v sell_v they_o by_o weight_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o these_o mean_n be_v corn_n bring_v to_o the_o market_n and_o none_o may_v be_v sell_v but_o in_o the_o market_n and_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o what_o be_v by_o licence_n transport_v be_v do_v upon_o due_a knowledge_n and_o without_o defraud_v the_o prince_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o have_v many_o storehouse_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o principal_a town_n be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o corn_n which_o when_o need_n require_v may_v be_v provide_v from_o foreign_a country_n when_o the_o unseasonable_a time_n cause_v we_o to_o have_v scarcity_n or_o want_n thereof_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o industry_n and_o care_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o wear_v and_o waste_v by_o cut_v and_o put_v into_o several_a strange_a new_a fangle_a fashion_n we_o do_v refer_v the_o examination_n thereof_o unto_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o reprehend_v man_n of_o their_o action_n wish_v reformation_n where_o thing_n be_v amiss_o and_o albeit_o that_o gay_a and_o sumptuous_a apparel_n be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o pride_n yet_o a_o country_n clown_n may_v be_v as_o proud_a in_o a_o freeze_n coat_n as_o a_o gentleman_n in_o a_o velvet_n
1_o 400._o m._n limborgh_n and_o walkenborgh_n 233._o m._n flaunders_n lyle_n and_o douai_n 1_o 559._o m._n henault_n 1_o 050._o m._n artois_n 722._o m._n holland_n 572._o m._n zealand_n 101._o m._n ouerysle_n 840._o m._n freezeland_n 464._o m._n malny_n 15._o m._n namure_n 196._o m._n vtricht_n 227._o m._n grocninghen_n 250._o m._n zutphen_n 357._o m._n meiers_n 35_o m._n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n 141._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 10._o 049._o m._n measure_n italy_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o germany_n and_o stretch_v itself_o out_o in_o length_n towards_o the_o south_n &_o east_n may_v thus_o be_v describe_v under_o spain_n naples_n 14_o 700._o m._n lombardie_n 2_o 100_o m._n under_o venice_n trevisana_n 3_o 290._o m._n verona_n 740._o m._n frioul_n 1_o 400._o m._n mantua_n 570._o m._n under_o rome_n liguria_n 1_o 865._o m._n romagna_n 1520._o m._n latium_n 570._o m._n hetruria_n 642._o m._n savoy_n 2_o 520._o m._n piamont_n 2_o 100_o m._n tuscan_a florence_n 6_o 160._o m._n sienna_n 570._o m._n marca_n ancona_fw-la 1_o 790._o m._n parma_n plaisance_n 2_o 015._o m._n sicily_n 4_o 200._o m._n cyprus_n 2_o 100_o m._n candia_n 2_o 800._o m._n corsica_n 1_o 680._o m._n sardegnia_fw-la 5_o 600._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 55_o 580._o m._n measure_n prusia_n lie_v on_o the_o east_n &_o north_n corner_n of_o germany_n 11_o 200._o m._n poland_n lie_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o germany_n contain_v 21_o 000._o m._n russenia_n 10_o 500_o m._n volhimia_fw-it 6_o 300._o m._n massovia_n 2_o 098._o m._n livonia_n 30_o 152._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 70_o 050._o m._n measure_n denmark_n lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o germany_n have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o east_n side_n the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n &_o on_o the_o north_n side_n &_o west_n of_o sweden_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n contain_v all_o with_o their_o dominion_n as_o follow_v denmark_n 13_o 643._o m._n norway_n 37_o 296._o m._n sweden_n 64_o 000._o m._n finland_n 8_o 392._o m._n holsten_n 1_o 398._o m._n ditmars_n 442._o m._n gothia_n 23_o 334._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 148_o 505._o m._n measure_n the_o great_a monarchy_n of_o russia_n or_o moscovia_n begin_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o sweden_n extend_v itself_o from_o lapland_n and_o finmarke_n unto_o the_o caspian_a sea_n contain_v in_o it_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o part_n of_o asia_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o make_v a_o division_n have_v only_o purpose_v to_o make_v a_o particular_a description_n of_o europe_n that_o part_n which_o be_v under_o europe_n contain_v 302_o 957._o m._n measure_n so_o all_o europe_n contain_v 940_o 198._o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n hungary_n contain_v 21_o 000._o m._n dalmatia_n 4_o 900._o m._n transiluania_n 7000._o m._n with_o whole_a turkey_n contain_v 527,100_o m._n and_o moscovia_n 187,143_o m._n tartary_n contain_v 420,000_o m._n persia_n 560,000_o m._n and_o the_o land_n of_o calicout_n 840,000_o m._n make_v all_o asia_n to_o contain_v 2567_o 143._o m._n measure_n africa_n &_o all_o egypt_n 2240,000_o m._n america_n contain_v 1674,286_o m._n nova_fw-la spania_n contain_v 1960,000_o m._n summa_fw-la tot_fw-la 9_o 381_o 627._o m._n measure_n the_o whole_a earth_n of_o 1000_o measure_n for_o a_o league_n of_o 4_o english_a mile_n the_o territory_n of_o rome_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o romulus_n do_v contain_v but_o 18_o thousand_o journey_n of_o land_n which_o he_o do_v divide_v into_o three_o equal_a part_n allot_v the_o one_o three_o as_o it_o be_v ecclesiastical_a land_n for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n the_o other_o three_o to_o the_o common_a wealth_n as_o it_o be_v crown_n land_n and_o the_o last_o three_o part_n be_v divide_v between_o three_o thousand_o citizen_n of_o all_o sort_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o two_o journey_n for_o every_o one_o william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v after_o the_o conquest_n a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v for_o the_o crown_n so_o much_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a and_o bestow_v the_o rest_n upon_o his_o baron_n and_o knight_n he_o cause_v a_o imposition_n or_o tax_v to_o be_v make_v of_o six_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n be_v twenty_o acre_n make_v 160_o acre_n to_o be_v a_o knight_n fee._n and_o so_o have_v leave_v the_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n unto_o robert_n his_o elder_a son_n do_v thereby_o maintain_v his_o royal_a estate_n &_o dignity_n the_o grecian_n have_v diverse_a mean_n to_o maintain_v their_o estate_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o very_a large_a and_o spacious_a jurisdiction_n have_v most_o mean_n by_o conquest_n and_o tribute_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o ordinary_a mean_n that_o prince_n have_v now_o a_o day_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o royal_a estate_n or_o dignity_n may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o three_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o body_n of_o their_o land_n and_o dominion_n of_o all_o immovable_a good_n according_a to_o their_o value_n by_o a_o computation_n upon_o the_o hundred_o or_o a_o proportion_n of_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o natural_a riches_n the_o second_o upon_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v consume_v proceed_v thereof_o namely_o of_o victual_n as_o of_o flesh_n fish_n wine_n bear_v fruit_n and_o such_o like_a of_o rent_n as_o of_o house_n and_o farm_n liberty_n and_o franchise_n manor_n and_o town_n of_o fire_n as_o of_o wood_n and_o coal_n of_o apparel_n as_o of_o woollen_a clothes_n silk_n fur_n flax_n and_o such_o like_a the_o three_o upon_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v of_o merchandise_n and_o upon_o the_o person_n of_o man_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n and_o quality_n which_o mean_n be_v increase_v by_o the_o inhabit_v of_o country_n and_o multitude_n of_o people_n which_o cause_v prince_n to_o study_v to_o make_v their_o country_n populous_a and_o to_o increase_v the_o commerce_n &_o traffic_n by_o the_o gain_n whereof_o the_o wealth_n be_v increase_v for_o albeit_o that_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n make_v the_o price_n of_o land_n to_o rise_v and_o victual_n to_o become_v dear_a yet_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o subject_n mean_n of_o maintenance_n do_v also_o increase_v and_o one_o do_v live_v by_o another_o always_o so_o as_o there_o be_v have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o set_v poor_a man_n on_o work_n and_o that_o the_o idle_a drone_n do_v not_o consume_v the_o sweet_a honey_n hereupon_o two_o special_a point_n be_v incident_o to_o be_v handle_v namely_o that_o as_o i_o have_v make_v a_o commparison_n of_o country_n and_o country_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o europe_n so_o be_v it_o not_o very_o difficult_a for_o i_o to_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o wealth_n thereof_o and_o likewise_o of_o the_o ordinary_a mean_n which_o these_o prince_n do_v use_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o what_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o expense_n they_o do_v sustain_v whereby_o will_v appear_v manifest_o that_o england_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o with_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n but_o fear_v the_o reprehension_n of_o some_o apelles_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o state_n i_o will_v contain_v myself_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o profession_n the_o second_o part_n be_v to_o delare_v many_o and_o diverse_a extraordinary_a mean_n which_o prince_n have_v use_v heretofore_o and_o may_v use_v in_o their_o necessity_n and_o occurrence_n but_o this_o will_v prove_v unnecessary_a consider_v we_o do_v live_v under_o so_o gracious_a a_o princess_n who_o god_n long_o preserve_v to_o reign_v over_o we_o who_o most_o royal_a disposition_n and_o clemency_n do_v rather_o moderate_a imposition_n and_o tax_n then_o invent_v any_o that_o never_o be_v her_o subject_n also_o be_v most_o dutiful_o obedient_a and_o thankful_o incline_v to_o make_v her_o majesty_n voluntary_a offer_v of_o subsidy_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o the_o general_a defence_n of_o the_o realm_n not_o expect_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v of_o they_o require_v yet_o to_o give_v some_o glance_n of_o comparison_n between_o england_n &_o france_n the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n let_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o politician_n which_o affirm_v england_n proper_o to_o be_v divide_v into_o 52_o thousand_o village_n or_o hamlet_n as_o there_o be_v week_n in_o the_o year_n much_o after_o the_o division_n which_o the_o athenian_n make_v of_o their_o land_n in_o 365_o part_n as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o contain_v as_o they_o say_v 2800_o thousand_o family_n every_o family_n 6_o person_n be_v 16800_o thousand_o person_n england_n contain_v by_o our_o computation_n but_o 34_o million_o 438_o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n square_n whereas_o france_n contain_v 91_o million_o 350_o thousand_o
measure_n of_o land_n be_v but_o esteem_v to_o have_v 4400_o thousand_o family_n and_o five_o person_n to_o every_o family_n which_o be_v but_o 22000_o thousand_o person_n the_o commodity_n of_o france_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a and_o of_o estimation_n as_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n much_o less_o the_o commodity_n of_o denmark_n russia_n poland_n and_o other_o great_a country_n wherefore_o let_v we_o now_o examine_v for_o the_o second_o point_n concern_v artificial_a riches_n the_o goodness_n of_o our_o commodity_n master_n bodine_n do_v call_v salt_n to_o be_v their_o manna_n and_o we_o may_v call_v our_o wool_n to_o be_v the_o golden_a fleece_n which_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v in_o colchos_n but_o here_o in_o england_n in_o regard_n both_o of_o their_o goodness_n and_o quantity_n great_a be_v the_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n which_o the_o realm_n receive_v by_o the_o licence_n which_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o give_v unto_o king_n john_n of_o arragon_n for_o to_o 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manner_n of_o venice_n as_o it_o be_v in_o hothouse_n save_v thereby_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o oil_n for_o the_o make_n of_o other_o clothes_n which_o be_v now_o waste_v and_o spend_v which_o practice_n be_v of_o late_o put_v in_o ure_n by_o the_o fleming_n in_o some_o place_n and_o yet_o can_v they_o not_o sell_v their_o clothes_n so_o good_a cheap_a but_o that_o our_o cloth_n be_v with_o they_o in_o great_a request_n for_o all_o that_o merchant_n beside_o other_o great_a charge_n pay_v unto_o they_o above_o 20_o shilling_n custom_n and_o licence_n for_o every_o cloth_n to_o bring_v they_o thither_o over_o and_o above_o the_o charge_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n when_o cloth_n be_v not_o carry_v direct_o unto_o they_o come_v to_o our_o other_o commodity_n of_o lead_n tin_n copper_n iron_z bel-mettall_n and_o other_o mineral_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n because_o our_o mine_n do_v not_o yield_v such_o quantity_n thereof_o as_o in_o other_o country_n which_o have_v a_o better_a temperature_n of_o climate_n to_o that_o effect_n howbeit_o great_a store_n will_v be_v find_v if_o man_n do_v endeavour_n to_o find_v the_o same_o as_o for_o any_o thing_n we_o can_v as_o yet_o learn_v one_o man_n only_o have_v bestow_v extraordinary_a charge_n therein_o as_o some_o have_v do_v for_o the_o copper_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a whereby_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o calamine_n stone_n many_o manual_a thing_n be_v now_o make_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o mill_n and_o otherwise_o which_o heretofore_o be_v bring_v unto_o us._n and_o now_o let_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o particular_n as_o of_o lead_n tin_n and_o iron_n our_o lead_n whereof_o we_o have_v abundance_n do_v exceed_v in_o goodness_n that_o of_o germany_n and_o other_o country_n and_o contain_v more_o silver_n than_o they_o which_o be_v black_a hard_a and_o unclean_a and_o therefore_o serve_v they_o to_o make_v piece_n of_o ordinance_n whereof_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n have_v good_a store_n but_o iron_n be_v far_o better_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o other_o place_n be_v not_o comparable_a unto_o we_o neither_o have_v any_o prince_n the_o like_a tin_n a_o most_o royal_a commodity_n be_v exceed_v in_o goodness_n all_o other_o tin_n find_v elsewhere_o which_o be_v but_o little_a as_o it_o be_v not_o very_o abundant_a with_o us._n for_o all_o our_o mine_n do_v not_o yield_v above_o 10_o or_o 12_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a at_o the_o most_o which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v and_o have_v be_v sell_v by_o we_o very_o good_a cheap_a especial_o in_o such_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o bring_v very_o corruptible_a commodity_n of_o wine_n raisin_n prune_n current_a &_o such_o like_a give_v they_o this_o &_o the_o like_a staple_n commodity_n for_o they_o we_o have_v note_v how_o of_o 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esteem_v forty_o penny_n and_o when_o the_o best_a velvet_n be_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n the_o yard_n and_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o saltpetre_n coppresse_z allume_v and_o such_o like_a mineral_n whereof_o we_o have_v great_a store_n let_v we_o conclude_v with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o seacole_n that_o be_v find_v in_o england_n the_o price_n whereof_o might_n with_o more_o reason_n be_v far_o advance_v above_o the_o price_n of_o salt_n the_o manna_n of_o france_n see_v that_o as_o master_n bodine_n have_v note_v of_o all_o mine_n the_o mine_n hereof_o can_v be_v exhaust_v and_o so_o can_v salt_n be_v which_o with_o less_o labour_n do_v in_o a_o manner_n rain_n from_o heaven_n under_o their_o climate_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o wood_n be_v not_o only_o decrease_v with_o we_o but_o also_o with_o other_o nation_n that_o shall_v in_o time_n have_v as_o much_o need_n of_o our_o coal_n as_o we_o of_o their_o salt_n whereof_o the_o impost_n in_o 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year_n advance_v in_o price_n we_o will_v exhort_v many_o to_o practice_v the_o have_v thereof_o in_o regard_n both_o of_o the_o honey_n and_o wax_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o make_n of_o bee_n of_o a_o heighfer_n be_v natural_a whereupon_o pliny_n have_v note_v that_o the_o flesh_n of_o ox_n be_v convert_v into_o bee_n as_o the_o flesh_n of_o horse_n into_o wasp_n that_o of_o man_n into_o lice_n and_o so_o of_o other_o flesh_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o but_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o flesh_n of_o a_o cuckoo_n be_v convert_v into_o toad_n as_o some_o do_v report_n touch_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n which_o certain_o may_v be_v know_v as_o of_o tin_n lead_v and_o certain_a know_v sort_n of_o clothes_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n tin_n be_v worth_a as_o we_o have_v say_v about_o 40_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o which_o now_o make_v 3_o pound_n and_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o 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the_o good_n outward_o for_o which_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n do_v amount_v in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o time_n as_o aforesaid_a thus_o find_v thing_n to_o be_v dear_a and_o the_o price_n thereof_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o we_o do_v not_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n so_o dear_a proportionable_o as_o we_o do_v buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n we_o may_v see_v that_o we_o be_v become_v buyer_n &_o not_o seller_n as_o the_o good_a father_n of_o the_o family_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a wherefore_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o make_v we_o to_o give_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o boot_n by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o one_o and_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o other_o which_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ignorance_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n if_o money_n do_v not_o rule_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v not_o over-rule_v the_o property_n of_o money_n wherefore_o let_v we_o note_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n where_o we_o may_v see_v that_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v abate_v in_o price_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o by_o scarcity_n of_o money_n with_o we_o which_o make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a 2_o by_o the_o gain_n seek_v upon_o money_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v seek_v upon_o the_o commodity_n 3_o by_o a_o high_a course_n of_o exchange_n which_o draw_v the_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o nature_n of_o exchange_n only_o or_o by_o a_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4_o by_o the_o rash_a sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o such_o as_o have_v small_a stock_n 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and_o silk_n ware_n be_v thing_n serve_v either_o for_o the_o belly_n or_o back_n both_o of_o you_o do_v desire_n to_o live_v in_o the_o civil_a manner_n that_o you_o can_v devise_v or_o imagine_v and_o which_o be_v please_v most_o your_o mind_n and_o want_v the_o use_n of_o money_n you_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v some_o of_o his_o spice_n sugar_n and_o silk_n and_o willing_a to_o give_v he_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o barter_n corn_n grain_n or_o wool_n for_o they_o whereupon_o by_o mutual_a conference_n according_a to_o reason_n both_o of_o you_o do_v agree_v what_o quantity_n of_o each_o commodity_n one_o will_v deliver_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o chief_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n of_o every_o man_n commodity_n but_o because_o many_o