observation_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o various_a form_n of_o government_n as_o describe_v viz._n 1_o sy_n upon_o aristotle_n politic_n 2_o d._n mr._n hobbs's_fw-fr laviathan_n 3_o d._n mr._n milton_n against_o salmatius_n 4_o the_o hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la bello_fw-la 5_o the_o mr._n hunton_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n by_o the_o learned_a sir_n r._n filmer_n baronet_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o government_n in_o dangerous_a and_o doubtful_a time_n london_n print_v for_o r._n r._n c._n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o thomas_n axe_n at_o the_o blew-ball_n in_o duck-lane_n 1696._o augustissimi_fw-la caroli_n secundi_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n angliae_fw-la scotiae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la rex_fw-la bona_fw-la agere_fw-la &_o mala_fw-la pati_fw-la regium_fw-la est_fw-la page_n 1._o the_o author_n preface_n there_o be_v a_o 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that_o be_v god_n can_v only_o compel_v but_o the_o law_n and_o his_o court_n may_v advise_v he_o rot._n parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o nu_fw-la 79._o the_o commons_o express_o affirm_v judgement_n in_o parliament_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n these_o precedent_n show_v that_o from_o the_o conquest_n until_o a_o great_a part_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n in_o who_o day_n it_o be_v think_v the_o writ_n for_o election_n of_o knight_n be_v frame_v which_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n and_o above_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n to_o our_o day_n the_o baron_n make_v the_o parliament_n or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n not_o only_o the_o earl_n but_o the_o bishop_n also_o be_v comprehend_v for_o the_o conqueror_n make_v the_o bishop_n baron_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o such_o great_a wonder_n that_o in_o the_o writ_n we_o find_v the_o lord_n only_o to_o be_v the_o counsellor_n and_o the_o 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with_o a_o condition_n to_o defend_v the_o realm_n this_o be_v but_o a_o ill_a sign_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n by_o original_a constitution_n or_o contract_n but_o to_o conclude_v the_o former_a point_n sir_n edward_n coke_n opinion_n be_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a law_n under_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n be_v comprise_v all_o the_o nobility_n this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o baron_n be_v the_o common_a council_n do_v displease_v many_o and_o be_v deny_v as_o tend_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o the_o discredit_v and_o confutation_n of_o their_o opinion_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v assign_v councillor_n to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o people_n therefore_o i_o will_v call_v in_o mr._n pryn_n to_o help_v we_o with_o his_o testimony_n he_o in_o his_o book_n of_o treachery_n &_o disloyalty_n etc._n etc._n prove_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 17._o the_o king_n by_o his_o oath_n be_v to_o do_v justice_n by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o his_o realm_n he_o also_o resolve_v that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o parliament_n be_v above_o the_o king_n and_o aught_o to_o bridle_v he_o when_o he_o exorbitates_fw-la from_o the_o law_n he_o further_o tell_v we_o the_o peer_n &_o prelate_n have_v oft_o translate_v the_o crown_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 1._o elect_v and_o crown_v edward_n who_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o put_v by_o ethelred_n the_o right_a heir_n after_o edgar_n decease_n 2._o elect_v and_o crown_v canutus_n a_o mere_a foreigner_n in_o opposition_n to_o edmund_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o king_n ethelred_n 3._o harold_n and_o hardiknute_n both_o elect_a king_n successive_o without_o title_n edmund_n and_o alfred_n the_o right_a heir_n be_v dispossess_v 4._o the_o english_a nobility_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o harold_n enact_v that_o none_o of_o the_o danish_a blood_n shall_v any_o more_o reign_n over_o they_o 5._o edgar_z etheling_n who_o have_v best_a title_n be_v reject_v and_o harold_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n 6._o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n of_o edw._n 2._o the_o peer_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n see_v themselves_o contemn_v entreat_v the_o king_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o council_n of_o his_o baron_n he_o give_v his_o assent_n and_o swear_v to_o ratify_v what_o the_o noble_n ordain_v and_o one_o of_o their_o article_n be_v that_o he_o will_v thenceforward_o order_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o council_n of_o his_o clergy_n and_o lord_n 7._o william_n rufus_n find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o noble_n against_o he_o swear_v to_o lanfranke_n that_o if_o they_o will_v choose_v he_o for_o king_n he_o will_v abrogate_v their_o overhard_a law_n 8._o the_o beginning_n say_v mr._n pryn_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o be_v observable_a henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n know_v you_o that_o by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n and_o common_a council_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o crown_v king_n 9_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o right_a heir_n be_v put-by_a the_o crown_n by_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n and_o stephen_n earl_n of_o mortain_n who_o have_v no_o good_a title_n assemble_v the_o bishop_n and_o peer_n promise_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o law_n according_a to_o all_o their_o pleasure_n and_o like_n be_v by_o they_o all_o proclaim_v king_n 10_o lewis_n of_o france_n crown_v king_n by_o the_o baron_n instead_o of_o king_n john_n all_o these_o testimony_n from_o mr._n pryn_n may_v satisfy_v that_o ancient_o the_o baron_n be_v the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o if_o mr._n pryn_n can_v have_v find_v so_o much_o antiquity_n and_o proof_n for_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o shall_v have_v hear_v from_o he_o in_o capital_a character_n but_o alas_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o much_o as_o these_o name_n in_o those_o elder_a age_n he_o dare_v not_o say_v the_o baron_n be_v assign_v by_o the_o people_n councillor_n to_o the_o king_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o every_o baron_n in_o parliament_n do_v represent_v his_o own_o person_n and_o speak_v in_o behalf_n of_o himself_o alone_o but_o in_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v represent_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a realm_n therefore_o every_o one_o of_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o great_a voice_n in_o parliament_n than_o the_o great_a earl_n in_o england_n nevertheless_o master_n pryn_n will_v be_v very_o well_o content_a if_o we_o will_v admit_v and_o swallow_v these_o parliament_n of_o baron_n for_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o cite_v they_o or_o to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o but_o to_o prove_v the_o treachery_n and_o disloyalty_n of_o popish_a parliament_n prelate_n and_o peer_n to_o their_o king_n which_o be_v 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thing_n which_o themselves_o do_v esteem_v mischievous_a and_o inconvenient_a for_o by_o tell_v they_o what_o a_o king_n will_v do_v he_o indeed_o instruct_v they_o what_o a_o subject_a must_v suffer_v yet_o not_o so_o that_o it_o be_v right_o for_o king_n to_o do_v injury_n but_o it_o be_v right_o for_o they_o to_o go_v unpunished_a by_o the_o people_n if_o they_o do_v it_o so_o that_o in_o this_o point_n it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o samuel_n describe_v a_o king_n or_o a_o tyrant_n for_o patient_a obedience_n be_v due_a to_o both_o no_o remedy_n in_o the_o text_n against_o tyrant_n but_o in_o cry_v and_o pray_v unto_o god_n in_o that_o day_n but_o howsoever_o in_o a_o rigorous_a construction_n samuel_n description_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o tyrant_n yet_o the_o word_n by_o a_o benign_a interpretation_n may_v agree_v with_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a king_n and_o the_o scope_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o text_n do_v best_a imply_v the_o more_o moderate_a or_o qualify_v sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o as_o sir_n w._n raleigh_n confess_v all_o those_o inconvenience_n and_o misery_n which_o be_v reckon_v by_o samuel_n as_o belong_v to_o kingly_a government_n be_v not_o intolerable_a but_o such_o as_o have_v be_v bear_v and_o be_v still_o bear_v by_o free_a consent_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n nay_o at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o this_o land_n many_o tenant_n by_o their_o tenor_n and_o service_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o subjection_n even_o to_o subordinate_a and_o inferior_a lord_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o to_o till_o his_o ground_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o subject_n but_o much_o desire_v by_o they_o according_a to_o their_o several_a birth_n and_o condition_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o office_n of_o women-servant_n confectioner_n cook_n and_o baker_n for_o
estate_n but_o to_o the_o contrary_a his_o majesty_n thereby_o to_o be_v much_o the_o great_a and_o the_o more_o honourable_a see_v all_o his_o people_n to_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n we_o see_v the_o principal_a point_n of_o sovereign_a majesty_n and_o absolute_a power_n to_o consist_v principal_o in_o give_v law_n unto_o the_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n it_o behove_v that_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n shall_v have_v the_o law_n in_o his_o power_n to_o change_v and_o amend_v they_o according_a as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v in_o a_o monarchy_n every_o one_o in_o particular_a must_v swear_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o their_o allegiance_n to_o one_o sovereign_a monarch_n who_o next_o unto_o god_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o sceptre_n and_o power_n be_v bind_v to_o no_o man_n for_o a_o oath_n carry_v always_o with_o it_o reverence_n unto_o who_o and_o in_o who_o name_n it_o be_v make_v as_o still_o give_v to_o a_o superior_a and_o therefore_o the_o vassal_n give_v such_o oath_n unto_o his_o lord_n but_o receive_v none_o from_o he_o again_o though_o they_o be_v mutual_o bind_v the_o one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o other_o trajan_n swear_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n although_o he_o under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v exempt_v but_o never_o any_o of_o the_o emperor_n before_o he_o so_o swear_v therefore_o pliny_n the_o young_a in_o a_o panegyrical_a oration_n speak_v of_o the_o oath_n of_o trajan_n give_v out_o a_o great_a novelty_n say_v he_o and_o never_o before_o hear_v of_o he_o swear_v by_o who_o we_o swear_v of_o these_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o must_v come_v to_o pass_v to_o wit_n the_o prince_n that_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n must_v either_o not_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n or_o else_o become_v a_o perjure_a man_n if_o he_o shall_v abrogate_v but_o one_o law_n contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n whereas_o it_o be_v not_o only_o profitable_a that_o a_o prince_n shall_v sometime_o abrogate_v some_o such_o law_n but_o also_o necessary_a for_o he_o to_o alter_v or_o correct_v they_o as_o the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o place_n time_n and_o person_n shall_v require_v or_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v still_o a_o sovereign_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o with_o such_o condition_n that_o he_o can_v make_v no_o law_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n or_o people_n he_o must_v also_o be_v dispense_v with_o by_o his_o subject_n for_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v make_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o subject_n again_o which_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o law_n have_v also_o need_v to_o be_v dispense_v withal_o by_o their_o prince_n for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v perjure_a so_o shall_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o commonweal_n incline_v now_o to_o this_o side_n now_o to_o that_o side_n sometime_o the_o prince_n sometime_o the_o people_n bear_v sway_n shall_v have_v no_o certainty_n to_o rest_v upon_o which_o be_v notable_a absurdity_n and_o altogether_o incompatible_a with_o the_o majesty_n of_o absolute_a sovereignty_n and_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o yet_o we_o see_v many_o man_n that_o think_v they_o see_v more_o in_o the_o matter_n than_o other_o will_v maintain_v it_o to_o be_v most_o necessary_a that_o prince_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n in_o which_o do_v they_o weaken_v and_o overthrow_v all_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_a majesty_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v most_o sacred_a and_o holy_a and_o confound_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o one_o sovereign_a monarch_n with_o a_o aristocracy_n or_o democracy_n publication_n or_o approbation_n of_o law_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n or_o parliament_n be_v with_o we_o of_o great_a importance_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o law_n not_o that_o the_o prince_n can_v of_o himself_o make_v a_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n or_o people_n for_o even_o all_o his_o declaration_n of_o war_n treaty_n of_o peace_n valuation_n of_o the_o coin_n charter_n to_o enable_v town_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o both_o house_n to_o assemble_v be_v law_n though_o make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n or_o people_n but_o it_o be_v a_o courteous_a part_n to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o good_a like_n of_o the_o senate_n what_o if_o a_o prince_n by_o law_n forbid_v to_o kill_v or_o steal_v be_v he_o not_o bind_v to_o obey_v his_o own_o law_n i_o say_v that_o this_o law_n be_v not_o he_o but_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereunto_o all_o prince_n be_v more_o strait_o bind_v than_o their_o subject_n god_n take_v a_o strict_a account_n of_o prince_n than_o other_o as_o solomon_n a_o king_n have_v say_v whereto_o agree_v marcus_n aurelius_n say_v the_o magistrate_n be_v judge_n over_o private_a man_n prince_n judge_v the_o magistrate_n and_o god_n the_o prince_n it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o oftentimes_o repeat_v among_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o such_o prince_n as_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o set_v to_o rule_n and_o reign_v over_o we_o if_o their_o law_n be_v not_o direct_o repugnant_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereunto_o all_o prince_n be_v as_o well_o bind_v as_o their_o subject_n for_o as_o the_o vassal_n owe_v his_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n unto_o his_o lord_n towards_z and_o against_o all_o man_n except_o his_o sovereign_a prince_n so_o the_o subject_n owe_v his_o obedience_n to_o his_o sovereign_a prince_n towards_z and_o against_o all_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n except_v who_o be_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n to_o confound_v the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n with_o the_o popular_a or_o aristocratical_a estate_n be_v a_o thing_n impossible_a and_o in_o effect_n incompatible_a and_o such_o as_o can_v be_v imagine_v for_o sovereignty_n be_v of_o itself_o indivisible_a how_o can_v it_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n be_v divide_v betwixt_o one_o prince_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n in_o common_a the_o first_o mark_n of_o sovereign_a majesty_n be_v to_o be_v of_o power_n to_o give_v law_n and_o to_o command_v over_o they_o unto_o the_o subject_n and_o who_o shall_v those_o subject_n be_v that_o shall_v yield_v their_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n if_o they_o shall_v have_v also_o power_n to_o make_v the_o law_n who_o shall_v he_o be_v that_o can_v give_v the_o law_n be_v he_o himself_o constrain_v to_o receive_v it_o of_o they_o unto_o who_o he_o himself_o give_v it_o so_o that_o of_o necessity_n we_o must_v conclude_v that_o as_o no_o one_o in_o particular_a have_v the_o power_n to_o make_v the_o law_n in_o such_o a_o state_n that_o there_o the_o state_n must_v needs_o be_v popular_a never_o any_o commonwealth_n have_v be_v make_v of_o a_o aristocracy_n and_o popular_a estate_n much_o less_o of_o all_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n such_o state_n wherein_o the_o right_a of_o sovereignty_n be_v divide_v be_v not_o right_o to_o be_v call_v commonweal_n but_o rather_o the_o corruption_n of_o commonweal_n as_o herodotus_n have_v most_o brief_o but_o true_o write_v commonweal_n which_o change_v their_o state_n the_o sovereign_a right_n and_o power_n of_o they_o be_v divide_v find_v no_o rest_n from_o civil_a war_n if_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o absolute_a sovereign_n as_o be_v the_o true_a monarch_n of_o france_n of_o spain_n of_o england_n scotland_n turkey_n muscovy_n tartary_n persia_n aethiopia_n india_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o africa_n and_o asia_n where_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n without_o all_o doubt_n or_o question_n not_o divide_v with_o their_o subject_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n in_o particular_a or_o all_o of_o they_o in_o general_a to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n either_o by_o way_n of_o fact_n or_o of_o justice_n against_o the_o honour_n life_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o sovereign_n albeit_o he_o have_v commit_v all_o the_o wickedness_n impiety_n and_o cruelty_n that_o can_v be_v speak_v for_o as_o to_o proceed_v against_o he_o by_o way_n of_o justice_n the_o subject_n have_v not_o such_o jurisdiction_n over_o his_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o who_o depend_v all_o power_n to_o command_v and_o who_o may_v not_o only_o revoke_v all_o the_o power_n of_o his_o magistrate_n but_o even_o in_o who_o presence_n the_o power_n of_o all_o magistrate_n corporation_n estate_n and_o community_n cease_v now_o if_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o way_n of_o justice_n to_o proceed_v against_o a_o king_n how_o shall_v it_o then_o be_v