Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	time_n	18,531	5	4.0048	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44077	The groans of the poor, the misery of traders, and the calamity of the publick for the spoiling of our money, for the want of our money, and for the loss that will befal the King and the nation, if there be not as much money coined in the room of it, to pay our taxes, drive our trades, pay our rents, and the the poor to buy bread : and an humble proposal to raise four millions of money for His Majesty's and the nation's use / humbly proposed by a faithful servant to His Majesty and the nation, William Hodges.	Hodges, William, Sir, 1645?-1714.	1696 (1696)	Wing H2328; ESTC R36001	23,173	37

them and I would take what punishment they please to give me for my pains with as much Love to them and ten times more than some that they pay largely and helps to cheat and couzen them both the more is the pity And now I think of that it makes me think of three things at once 1. The prodigious Riches that these Nations hath lost or fool'd away into the Hands of the French on the one hand 2. And the Millions of Money that the Admiralty or Navy-Office hath paid away in the Sea-Affairs that could have been saved according as one of the Commissioners of the Navy hath Stated the Case himself And if that be but Four Millions charge extraordinary it is something And if His Majesty hath been cheated of near a Million in several ways and if the French has gotten near a hundred Men of War and the many and many hundreds of Merchants lost but 10 Millions of Riches from us there will be 14 Millions of difference that way 3. If the French K. has raised his Money as that he hath done several Years I think a full third part then if he had 20 Millions of Sterling in his Countrey before it is now Twenty Six Millions and if we had 10 Millions and call in Five of it we shall not have much above half what we had and that will be but about a fifth part what he hath at that rate and how great a need of Money we need to return in England to bear our Expences I have calculated in some Pages following after my Proposal for the raising of Four Millions of Money in Bills which I do believe would be exceedingly to the profit and advantage of England and we must have Money or Money-worth to Trade with in England unless we will starve and we must defend our selves against the French if we had not a Penny of Money left and if we are as a Ship in a Storm that we must throw over-board a great deal of our Goods yet we should keep our Money in till the last and as the old Poet said Save but the Hull the Master and the men And we may live to scour the Seas agen And now to draw a Consideration If it be a great Advantage to the French to raise his Money it must be a great loss to us to keep ours so low and I find all the Arguments used here center in this it must be large to carry away but to every Million of Money carried away if we lose the Return of 30 Millions and the gains of near 4 Millions every Year it is sad But the French know how to keep their Money better and to keep their Mint going and if there be not profit to Coin Money seven Years experience in England will tell us there shall be none Coined and they say That no Knowledge is like Experience I remember a Story I have read of a King in France in old time who was consulting with his wise Men how he should get into such a Countrey to take it But a Fool was among them and he shot his Bolt and said He advised them to consult how to get out again So many consult how to get away our Money from us but I would Consult how we shall have any again and also what we shall do without it in Trade and what the King will do without it in Taxes But I would Propose a way to raise Four millions of Mony to assist the King and Nation and to call in the Clipp'd and bad Mony without the loss of Forty or a hundred Pound a Man to make the Mony good and that with little Charge for three or four Years For indeed the Return of the said Four Millions of Money will in some measure help out with the sudden Calling in of so great a part of the Money of England And it is well known to multitudes what vast quantities of Bills have been given out in payment upon Loans that the King it may be payeth Seven per Cent. for the Money And it may be if these Bills come to a Tradesman's hand that needeth ready money then he may lose 10 or 12 per Cent. by his Bills and if he use the King well and sell him cheap it may be he gets nothing the first time and it may be next will have a higher price But if he have so much profit as to lose 10 or 12 per Cent. and get well then the King pays 20 per Cent. Interest in buying and paying and that is more than He needeth Whereas these Bills will be ready money to the King and the Subject if the Subject do reserve it he can pay it away presently to the full value and while it lyeth by something coming also of Interest And as to the Expedient of Proposals to secure the Bills from ever being counterfeited That none shall be forced to take them of a Stranger that will effectually prevent all Cheats And if a man is one I know and trust that brings me such Bills I can easily Judge if it be a true one But if not he is liable to find out who he had it of and I give him a Receipt for so much money receiv'd by such a Bill of such a mark A B or C and such a Number And if ever the Bill should be fonnd to be false returning his Bill I command the money of him and if he owed it me before he can but owe it still But however there will be no great danger for it may be the Bill may pass through several hands before it came to me and they having every man set their Names to the Bill as aforesaid And the Bills may be Printed and marked also as the Bank-Bills are and would be the way to Raise Four millions of money in three months time for his Majesty's use And it might be the way to Call in all the clipp'd money also without loss to any man of a Penny except for Brass money And every man that brings in Fifteen or Twenty Pound of Silver money to have a Bill given him for the same value and that would pass away again as so much ready money to any man that knows him and be better than Bank-Bills that pay no Interest For as I said these being to have 6 Pence the Week for every 50 Pound and the Interest to be paid and the Bills exchanged for new Bills every Year would be beneficial and of very great advantage for the King and the Subject And that this may not be supposed strange or unpracticable I will lay open my Observation of the way of Trade and Payment as I have observed for some Years and it is this I suppose there hath been in Goldsmith's Bills and Merchant's Bills near two millions of money going so that I have seen the humour of the Age that if one went to a Goldsmith with a Bill of two or three hundred Pound to be paid they would transport him it may

above a hundred and thirty Years and if it rise a third part in fifty Years it may rise another third part from her time to some few Years hence And in those former Days they did find That all the Laws they could make could not keep their Money until they made it less And Queen Elizabeth that most Excellent Governess of it all made it least of all and after she made the Money less if the Exchequer Accounts be Examined it will be found the Customs brought in three times the valve to the Crown And they that tell us Money of a third part less weight if good mill'd silver Money will not pay a Foreign Bill as well as all our own Money that is not worth ten Shillings in the pound would pay our English Bills and all the Lords and Commons in England their Rent do either seem to say the Foreigners must be better provided for than they or in plain English the Foreigners do not pay away the Money again in England and so do blind the Nations Eyes For if they pay it away again in England all Mankind must say That which serves the King and the Nation would serve them if they paid it away here to either King or Country And therefore we do indeed need to watch all our Ports more securely And if we do it can go in the Ceiling of Ships or twenty odd places where none shall find it I remember an Acquaintance of mine told me some Years past He had a parcel of Money in the Ship and he knew not of its coming on Board and the Party that owed it was sent for out of the Ship upon some other account and he told him where his Money was and desired him to deliver it to such a one in Holland and when he came there the Owner of the Money was got over in another Vessel but would not pay my Friend for taking care of his Money and my Friend had him before the Magistrates and for ten Groats charge his Cause was heard and they made the Man pay him five Pound for bringing over his Money Now this they did to encourage him But this I will say we had need to keep our Money with Care for indeed our charge is near twelve times more this last Seven Years than any seven Years of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth was For though the Spanish Armada was near 128 Ships of War and the English but small Ships yet the English did not run away from them but like English-men at them and fought them as they could and with their Fire-ships divided them and broak their Fleet broak their Voyage and their Hearts also And if we have twelve times the charge and that we must of necessity have to defend our selves and offend our Enemies unless we would do as the poor miserable Christians of Constantinople did save their Money and lose their City to the Turks And we have an Enemy to deal with more powerful and a greater Plague to Christians than the Turks have been these 20 Years and must defend our selves And blessed be God the Parliament and Nation are so ready to raise Money for to defend our selves But I say that great Charge requires twelve times more Trade than was in Queen Elizabeth's time to help to carry on the War and that Trade requires ten times more Money to carry it on then was in her time And our Custom-house-Books will manifest we have twelve times more Trade and if our Money be not twelve times as much our Payments must be longer before we pay one the other and that is sad if it should so fall out that we have not plenty of Money For the very Postage of our Letters comes to more profit to the Crown than all her Customs did before she settled Money at the highest value And we must have Money to carry on our Trade and pay our Taxes And how can the greatest part of our Silver-Money be spared now altogether except a speedy care be taken to have a supply of new to fill it up and that it be not carried away and melted down for if it should it may be fatal to the Poor fatal to the Traders and fatal in the want of it to pay in our Taxes and if I compute aright we have about a hundred thousand Houses within the Bills of Mortality and suppose one with another at 10 l. the Year a House is a million the Year Rent and suppose all manner of Charges whatever spent within the said Bills be nine times as much is nine Millions more that is ten Millions the Year Expences Or suppose there be a million of People and they spend 10 l. a Year each Poor and Rich one with another is still ten millions of Money in a Year and if all England be but ten times as many People and spend ten times as much Money then that is a hundred millions of Money every Year spent in the delicate pretty Island of England And then if we have but ten millions of Money in England we must return it ten times over in a Year to pay our bare Expences But then suppose that half the Nation consisteth of Trades and Merchandise in Cities and Towns and Villages and to get half these Expences which is fifty Millions the Year they must return this one with another at least six times the Year to get these Expences and that is three hundred millions return and the ten millions of Money must be returned thirty times over to get their Expences and five times over to get the other half of the Nations Expences and the said ten millions of Money must be paid into the Exchequer likewise for Taxes at least once in two Years and it may be there it lyeth sometimes several Weeks or Months and therefore I am certain that it will be the Interest of the King and Parliament and Nation to have great Plenty of Money and a great ruin if we have not and though it may be some will say the rise of Goods will follow the rise of Money It is a pretence for since Queen Elizabeth's Days all sorts of Goods and all sorts of Provisions and Servants and Labourers Wages is risen near three times dearer though Money hath been at the same For as the Nation increaseth in Inhabitants and Trade and Riches yet Corn Food and Cloaths will rise and Wages must rise and therefore they that argue to have our Money carried away argue aright to have our Goods fall for if our Money be gone away our Goods will be Drugs and must fall and if we be Poor we may have Goods cheap and therefore in other Countries where they have little Money they live cheap But I never knew any Man in my life go there to live to get Money where things are so cheap And now I think of our Guinea's rising it hath been one of the greatest advantage the Nation hath had in Trade this War that I do know of for

the bringing over them of a suddain hath caused such a rise in our own Manufactury And one thing I would observe that it may be some will argue from the Goods are risen but that is our great loss at Sea and our scarcity of them But for our Hamborough Goods if they are risen ten per Cent. our English Goods carried over there and to the East parts is some of it risen to my knowledge 30 per Cent. So that if they take our Goods as they must do before our Money be ready for them we shall gain more Profit to the Nation by the rise of our Goods 5 or 10 per Cent. extraordinary besides what they raise theirs And therefore I should rejoyce that Guineas were settled at Thirty Shillings the piece and a hundred thousand would be quickly Coined into half Guineas for Change for poor People and poor Traders use And then if our Silver-money should be carried away faster and sooner than we are aware of we should have some Gold to Trade with and to pay the King's Taxes And it is pity they have not been paid current in Payment to poor Seamen rather than that base scandalous brass counterfeit and clipt Money that hath been paid to them for a considerable time And indeed it is one of the Riddles of the Age That the best Money is paid into the Taxes and such horrid bad Money paid out again to the poor miserable Seamen or labouring men But this I would observe That there is not any misery hardly in the World but the Seamen come in for a share of besides their Sea miseries and how the poor Seamen will get off their clipp'd and brass half Crowns I know not they cannot afford to pay them into Taxes again But this by the way there will be need of Money that we may keep and that will serve to pay the poor miserable People of England A Shilling or two at a time they must buy their Bread with and their Cheese or courser Victuals with another Groat or Six Pence and it may be a fore Piece of meat for eight Pence and if our Money be all Coined large Crowns and half Crowns how must they change But I having observed all the Books of Coinage I could meet with do find that the main Arguments pleaded for large money is because Strangers will raise our Goods and yet they would blind our Eyes as if Strangers did not carry away our Mony at last and that is against Sense and Reason for if strangers carried not away our Mony why is not a Crown Piece of the value of three quarters of an Ounce as good for them to pay away here as a Crown Piece of an Ounce weight But to say no more but this the Spaniards that have the Silver Mines of their own their Silver being Cheap is carried away from them and they are a poor People and glad to accept of the help of their Neighbours to support them against the French who get away their Mony from them and I am afraid from us also many times and the French are so cunning as to raise their Mony a quarter part that none shall carry it away from themselves again and as it is said in the Gospel The Children of this World are wiser than the Children of Light And this I will say on the one hand that if the Return of Four Millions of mony thereon thirty heads in a year gaineth twelve millions then if we had four millions of mony called in and but one million of mony Coined in the Room we loose the three millions of mony quite and the profit of the Return of it thirty times in a year at nine millions of Profit and whether they will not now be at a cheaper pass to carry away our mony than ever for formerly they gave two Shillings in the pound Profit for mill'd mony and went from shop to shop to buy it and now they will have it at best hand and indeed it may be considered however the Mint will be supplied after our old mony is call'd in and melted down if Silver be but a Grain in an Ounce dearer before it be Coined than after then none will Coin it but it will be worth four times as much to melt down and carry away as when it was worth but a Penny an Ounce and if our Goods fall because that the strangers carry away our mony and leave our Goods then it may be questioned how our English Nation must pay their Rents better or Taxes better when they have but a quarter of the mony they use to have and less Prices for their Goods And if I do not misunderstand the World in the time of K. Charles II. when the Parliament-Money was called in then in some time after many Farms in Essex and Suffolk and several other parts did fall off their Rents near a quarter part and what hath been may be but in short our English-Merchants that Trade to West India's knows that they are forced to supply our English Plantations most of them with Goods and take Goods again but those Merchants that Transport away our Money knows If they cannot get our Money to be Coined so large as to pull down the price of melted Silver they shall be at a loss how to send away Silver and it may be if I were a covetous East-India Merchant I would strive all I could that our Silver Money should be so large as that ten thousand pound of that should serve to go as far as twelve thousand pound in melted Silver and so my Goods would cost me cheaper indeed but the Nation lose the return of this ten thousand Pound for ever And I am of Opinion That if our Money get over beyond Sea if it be but as far as Holland it will never come back again except it rise as doth our Guineas and then it would come again And if our Guineas should fall they would quickly step over there again and they would serve us by our Money as they do by our Corn when it is plenty carry it away and when it is twice the price bring it us again when they can double their Money And in short I fear all the Money we shall Coin this nine Months will be little enough to melt down and carry away and that doth make me fear the next Years misery to have hardly any Money whereas were it so ordered as to call in our old Money by degrees and to Coin other between the weight of the old that is hardly two Ounces to the Pound and the mill'd of Four Ounces and as much to be constantly Coined as is taken in the Nation would have the same value of Money still and half of good again and if it be true that Money is our Sinews of War the cutting off half the Sinews in a body at once must weaken it and I fear will need great care for healing and strengthening Plaisters And in short if other Ages as

they grew wiser and wiser and saw how their Money was carried away made it less that they might keep it then we may be admired at if there be not more care taken to have plenty now and to keep it than to have but a little and such as is fit to send away to all parts of the World And I suppose if the French King were to wish us a mischief with a witness he would wish our Money spent and gone from among us and our Seamen ruined and that there might for time to come be such Men imployed in the managing of our Sea-Affairs as might let our Merchandize be fooled into his hand and in the mean time to let the King and Nation be cheated dreadfully at home and they smuggle it up all at last But I will say no more but only this as St. Paul said The Lord give us wisdom in all things And also the Lord in mercy bless our most Gracious and Valiant Majesty K. William and the two most Honourable Houses of Parliament This following Paper was delivered to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in the Year of our Lord 1693. An Humble Proposal to their Most Excellent Majesties King WILLIAM and Queen MARY and to the two most Honourable Houses the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament Humbly sheweth I. FIRST How our Trading Money may be made one fourth part better than now we usually receive One Hundred and twelve Pounds ten Shilling weighing down One Hundred and Fifty Pounds of our Old Money II. How we may have five or six millions of Money Comed in three or four Years time to the Joy of our Hearts III. How we may keep the said Money when we have it and not have it melted down or carried away IV. How we may call in a Hundred Thousand Pounds-worth of Crackt and broken Money and have new coin'd without any Loss or Charge V. How to have plenty of Silver brought into England every Year whereby the Mint will be always supplied VI. How to have near a Million of Goods transported more every year in time of Peace and War than usual VII How much the Ages to come will have cause to rejoice as well as the present time if we have plenty of Mill'd Money VIII If Care be not taken in time to have a supply of good Mill'd Money that we may keep how miserable bad all our trading Money will be even the worst in Europe IX How great a happiness to the Nation in Trade the Coining of six or seven Millions of Mill'd-Money will be if it be so we can but keep it among our selves and the Reasons are as follows viz. I. It may be observed by all that Receive Money for their Majesties or for themselves either from the Goldsmiths or in way of Trade That the most of the Money that we receive is Old Money some broken and a great deal clipt and some half worn out very seldom our Mill'd Money coming to Hand in Payments that we Receive And if any will take the pains to weigh 10 l. of Mill'd Money with 15 l. of the Old that 10 l. of Mill'd Money shall weigh down the 15 l. of the Old and that 100 l. of mill'd money shall weigh down 150 l. of the Old if taken as it is received but sometimes 4 l. of mill'd Money shall weigh down 7 l. of the Old And there being so many Clippers continually a clipping of our old Money it will be worse and worse every Year and there being so many Goldsmiths or Silver-Wire-Drawers or others concerned in melting down out New-money and so many outlandish men concerned in the buying up and carrying away of our Old mill'd money we are like to have less and less of it for time to come if some way be not found out for to prevent it and while it is so weighty and at no higher price no Law can hinder its being melted down or carried away except Angels would be at the trouble to execute them for men that melt it down can do it and none see them and they that carry it away can hide it as none find it and they will never accuse themselves except they are distracted And the reason why we have so little of the mill'd and do keep their Old is because one is too good to keep and the other too bad to carry away And we have not half enough of the Old neither and therefore that which I would propose is That we might have a new Coinage that might be better by a quarter part than our Old that is that 112 l. 10 s. of the New might weigh down 150 l. of the Old money and that the said 112 l. 10 s. should weigh down 100 l. of our mill'd money that now we have and in doing so we should have plenty of good Money quickly a full fourth part better than what we have and have the Mint kept in continual supply with Silver so that they should never need to sit still ten days in a Year and the profit of 400000 l. of that money would call in a 100000 l. of Crackt and broken money And it might be so ordered That the Goldsmiths should have one and a half present for carrying in a continual supply of money and not to let any lie in the mint above a month or five weeks so that they should return their money ten times every Year and that would be fifteen in the Hundred in a Year and for the Coinage there might be one per Cent. more or less allowed for Coinage and so there can never want Silver nor Coiners And for the other ten per Cent. to go the first 4 or 500000 l to call in as I said a 100000 l. of of Crackt Money and the profit of therest and there might be a Million more Coined in every Year I would humbly propose that there might be 3 or 400000 l. worth of crackt and broken and decayed Money called in every Year and the profit of the new Coinage will bear the loss of the old for it cannot be supposed that there can be less than fifteen hundred thousand or two millions of money Coined every Year if the Mint be kept in a continual supply as it will if there be one and a half or so allowed to bring in Silver and the Coiners paid as beforesaid and if Silver Rise then the more Silver Rises the less to go towards the calling in Crackt money so that it can never rise so high but there would be some overplus and the higher Silver rises the more plenty we should have brought in And indeed it may be supposed our Guineas going at about 22 s. at Christmass makes us keep them unmelted and also in England and if the Crown-pieces has risen as much in proportion as the Guineas they would have been preserved Also if every twenty Shillings had gone for a Guinea and if every Guinea were settled at 23 s. and our Old 20 Shilling

pieces at 25 s. and the Old 22 s. at 27 s. they would be daily returned to England again if they are not melted down For it is Reported that the Jews will bring over our Money again if they get but four or Five per Cent. by it And indeed our mill'd money having been so good that strangers for some Years have gone from Shop to Shop to buy it up to carry away And if they could not have gotten that they would rather have bought Goods which they might have had hopes to get by but would never have carried our old money to lose by And it hath been judged that for some years in times of Peace we had 800000 or a million of Goods from France in a Year more than they had of us whereas if our money had not been so good they might have been glad to have taken our Goods as we did theirs or if not Let them have kept their Goods and we kept our money still and by that means and the Sweeds and Danes and others we might have transported away several Hundred of Thousands a Pounds-worth of Goods in a Year more than we have done And indeed if we consider how great a loss it is to us to have our own money sent away there is but few can imagine For first the most money we receive now is old money Coined Fifty or a Hundred Years past and our Trade is double now that it was then as by the Custom-House Books will appear And if our money is no more than what we had then our Payments must be twice so long by Consequence And indeed every million of money carried out of England is the hindrance of twenty or thirty millions of Return and the loss of two or three millions gaining among the Nation As for Example mony among Tradesmen commonly returns through thirty or forty Hands every year and that cannot be supposed that one with another they can get less than ten per cent and to most Lawyers and Doctors of Physick and all the C●ergy and all Sallaries under their Majesties the money is all gain and so that counting one with another there is but ten per cent gotten throughout England by the Return of money so that a millon returned through thirty hands in a Year gaineth three millions and the money the same at the Years end And if it beremembred after calling in the Parliament-money after 1660 that had been Conining many Years money was extream scarce and one effect I suppose of the same was the falling of the Rent of Farms in Essex and Suffolk and perhaps in most Countreys in England and the mill'd Money Coined since having been melted down or carried away great part of it Money is exceeding scarce now whereas were there six or seven millions of mill'd money Coined as might be in Three or Four Years that we might keep when we had it we might find the sweetness of it quickly and also our Children after us And indeed it cannot be supposed in Reason but that the Cities of London and Westminster and within the Bills of mortallity spend as much in One year as is in Ready money in England and the rest of the Cities and the Nation in General spend it five times over and yet never a Penny the less at the Years end except it be melted down or carried away and indeed the expence of money is the increase of Trade and the Return of money is the support of Expence and Gain for there are many Thousands that spend a hundred Pound each for many years that never were worth a hundred Pound a piece in their Lives and the Return of money being their support and others getting by them and so the money of England being returned forty times over in a Year or fifty times that is through forty or fifty hands gaineth the value of it five or six times over and every body lives by another and indeed it may be supposed that there is as much money owing in England between Tennants and Landlords Tradesmen and merchants and Goldsmiths and every sort of men as twenty times the money in England cometh to there being few men but have twenty times more owing to them than they have ready money and if Care be not taken that we may have money that will stay with us I fear we shall be like men in Consumptions For let men feed what they will if it stayeth not in their Bodies they cannot be Healthy And let us Coin what we will if we keep it not we shall not grow very rich For money is so great a Cordial it is like Blood in the Veins that Circulates from the Heart to Head and Feet and every member and the Body receiveth Life and Vigour thereby and Nourishment and every member the better for it and the Blood remains still And so is money in Trade in such a Nation as ours and we have generally the best Goods in the World to send out into other Nations our Tinn and Lead and Woollen-Cloth and Serges and other Woollen Manufactory and divers others Goods to fetch in Goods enough and money also if we did not let other Nations carry away our good mill'd money And indeed another loss is the melting of it down And also there is a very great Error that many Victuallers Tradesmen and others have forty or fifty or a hundred Pound in Plate and Rings by them which never saw half so much money together of their own in seven Years and every hundred Pound so lying dead and uncoined doth lose its being returned through 40 Hands in a Year which is the loss of the Return of 4000 l. and the loss of gaining 2 or 300 l. among all them it would be returned to and some are so foolish as to let Plate ly in pawn 5 or 6 years as a Friend of mine hath had 2 or 300 pounds worth so left with him in Plate 5 Years for 200 l. the interest of which is 60 l. And how great a loss is that to the publick and to the Party who if they had sold the Plate at first had saved 60 l. And if we consider how sad a Condition the next Age will be in if there be not some Care taken to leave them better money than our Old money that is too light by 50 in 150 l. And if we do not take Care it will be less so many hundreds being concerned in the Clipping-Trade And also it may be considered That as there is near double the number of Traders now that was fifty years past so we do need double the money to carry on the Trade And if Traders should increase a fourth part more in thirty years we shall need three times the money that was Fifty Years past and if there be no money coined but what will be melted down or carried away they will be then in a far worse condition than now we are which will be bad for Landlords as well as