Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	time_n	18,531	5	4.0048	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38802	Navigation and commerce, their original and progress containing a succinct account of traffick in general : its benefits and improvements : of discoveries, wars, and conflicts at sea, from the original of navigation to this day, with special regard to the English nation : their several voyages and expeditions, to the beginning of our late differences with Holland : in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted, against the novel, and later pretenders / by J. Evelyn ...	Evelyn, John, 1620-1706.	1674 (1674)	Wing E3504; ESTC R8611	50,775	174

Inrich'd themselves 2. Their Entertaining of Auxilliaries in their difficult Land-Services by which they preserv'd their own Vassals 3. The Fidelity of the House of Nassaw from which they had a wise and experienc'd General 4. The frequent Excursions of the Duke of Parma into France hindring the Prosecution of his growing Successes 5. The Imbargo of their Ships in Spain and interdicting them Free-Trade with that Nation which first set them upon their Indian Adventures 6. And above All the Kindness of Queen Elizabeth But the Case is it seems much alter'd since that worthy Knight made his Observations and took his Leave of the Prince of Orange at Antwerp When after Leicesters return he pray'd him to say to her Majesty Sub Umbra Alarum tuarum Protegimur for that they had wither'd in the End without her Assistance 41. We have yet but only mention'd the Inherent Right of the Crown of England to the Dominion of the Seas because the Legality and the Reason of it have been Asserted by so many able and famous Pens from which we learn that it doth of Justice appertain to the Kings of Great Britain Selde●●s not only as far as Protection extends though there were no other Argument to favour us but of sacred and immemorial Royalty But 't is Pretended by those great Names Grotius Mari●●●us Cl●irac ●s Pontanus ●alal●●s c. who have of late disputed this Subject and endeavoured to Depose our Princes of this Empire Iure Naturae Gentium That the Sea is Fluxile Elementum quod nunquam idem possiderinon posse That 't is always in Succession and that one can never Anchor on the same Billow That Water is as Free as the Air and that the Sea terminates Empires which have no Bounds and therefore that no Empire can terminate that which acknowledges none and though all this were nothing That his Majesties Father had tamely lost it to the late Usurpers which is an insolent scoff of Marisotus's orbis Marit triumphing ore a setter'd Lion Whilst for all this to patch up a wr●●ched Pretence he descends to take hold of a certain Obsolete and Foeudatarie Complement sometime since passing between the two Kings as if a Ceremonious Acknowledgment for a Province or two in France which is an usual deference among Princes upon certain Tenures gave sufficient Title and Investiture to All that the Kings of England possess in the World besides But in this sort do the Partizans of aspiring Monarchs manage their egregious Flatteries Whilst to silence all the World we can shew it Prescription so far beyond the present Race of Kings that even the Name of their PHARAMOND was not known Mela. when our EMPIRE on the SEA set Limits to the Coasts of Gauls and said Hitherto shall ye Come Nor to that alone but even as far as Spain it self For what pretence could those Princes have to this Dominion whose very Monarchy is but of Yesterday in respect to the goodly extent which now they call France and especially when the only Maritime Provinces were shread into so many Fragments and Cantons under their petty Princes for so were Narbon Bretayne Aquitaine and even Normandy it self portions belonging then to our Kings nor had they 'till of later days so much as the Office of Admiral belonging to the Sea that is till their Expedition into the Holy-Land when yet they were fain to make use of the Genoezes to transport them as we have it confess'd Io. Tillius de ●eb Gal. L. 2. by their own Authors As to their other Arguments we need not spend much breath to ●ilute those pittiful Cavels of the Instability and Fluctuation of the Waves c. which could not be there without a Channel and a Bottom to contain them as if we contended for the Drops of the Sea and not for its situation and the Bed of those Waters and since Rivers and Streams have the same Reason on their side to exempt them from being in Common and at every mans disposure And these things I have only touch'd to repress the pruriency of some late Flatterers who not only injure a Truth as resplendent as the Sun but the Justice of a great Prince whom by these false Colours they would provoke to unrighteous disputes whilst we pretend to nothing but what carries with it the strongest Eviction a thing of this nature is capable of 42. Needless it would be to amuse the Reader with recounting to him at large how in the ancient Division of things the Sea having here assign'd over with the Land there sprung up from the same Original a Private Dominion but undoubtedly when God gave to Man the Soveraignt● of the Ocean by intitl'ing him to the Fish which were produc'd in the bowels of it that is to the Thing it self by its Use and Enjoyment by the same Grant he passed over to him and consign'd to his disposure the distribution of it and introduction of a separate and peculiar Jurisdiction There is nothing more perspicuous in our Case and as to his Majesties Claim the Reasons for it rightly consider'd from so many Royal Predecessours and so long a tract of years who for security of Navigation and Commerce between their Neighbours and Allies were at such vast expences to Equip and set forth Great Ships and Navies and that upon the intreaty and solicitation of those who recurr'd to their protection and might themselves justifie the prescribing Rules and Boundaries to such as should pass the Seas and receive such Recognitions and Emoluments as were peculiar and within their Circle both for their Honour and Maintenance The deduction shall be very short considering how vast an Ocean of matter lies before us but it shall be full 43. Caesar 〈…〉 ere he had invaded Britain summoning the Gallic Merchants to inform him of the shores and situation of our Ports could it seems learn nothing from them for says he not a man of them frequented that Rivage without licence and when Claudius had subdu'd the more Southern parts of the Nation the British Sea following the fate of the whole Island came with the same privileges to be annex'd to the Empire and did never loose them through all the Revolutions which happen'd but that as soon as the prevalent power came to be settl'd they immediately asserted their Dominion on the Sea That of very wide extent this Nation had peculiars of its own the Consternation of the Calidonians evince when in the time of Domitian Agricola Tacit. in Vit. Agric. sailing round the Island they were in such perplexity to see him in their Chambers for so they called those Northern Streams But not longer to insist on these early beg●nnings and what the Romans did when the frame of that Empire was chang'd about the time of the Great Constantine N●titia Imp. Occid the Comites of the Saxon shore substitutes to him who comma●ded the West had their Jurisdiction o●er all the Sea ●rom the

to these we may add L'Eremite the late Compilers of their Atlases and Others which many Volumes would hardly comprehend and because they are generally known Tacitus and other famous Authors have celebrated their Early Exploits at Sea and of later times Fredric Barburossa did bravely against the Saracens at Pelusium in Aegypt 1219. The Frizians greatly infested the Danes and those of Flanders especially under William the Son of Iohn Count of Holland and in the time of Philip the good Duke of Burgundy They were the first that wore the Broome when Anno 1438 they had clear'd the Levantine Seas subdu'd the Genoëzes V. Pont. Heuterus Austr l. 13. and vanquish'd the French about an hundred years after How they plagu'd the Spaniard and Portugals from the year 1572 to almost this day there is no body ignorant of and for that of their Discoveries Quae vero ignota littora Dec. 1. l. 1. quasve desinentis mundi or as Scrutata non est Belgarum Nauticae was justly due to them from Strad● and the Truth is they have merited of Fame for many Vertues and shew'd from what small and despicable Rudiments Great things have emerged and that Traffick alone which at the first raised has hi her●to supported this Grandure against a most puissant Monarch for a most an Age intire But their Admission of Forreigners Increase of Hands Encouraging Manufactures Free and Open Ports Low Customes Tolleration of Religions Natural Frugality and Indefatigable Industry could ●ndeed portend no less We conclude then with ENGLAND which though last in Order was not the last in our Design when upon reflection on our late Differences with our Neighbours of HOLLAND we thought it not unsuitable to Praeface something concerning the Progress of that Commerce which has been the Subject of so many Conflicts between us 31. To the little which has been hitherto said of the great things which Our Nation has perform'd by Sea in the later Ages we might super-add the Gallantry and brave Adventures of former since from no obscure Authors we learn the Britains to have accompanied the Cimbrians and Gauls Camdenus Strabo l. 3. in their memorable Expedition into Greece long before the Incarnation of our Lord and whilst they were yet Strangers to the Roman World not to insist on the Cassiterides W. Howel Instit Hist. B●charti Cana●n l. 1. c. 39. l. 3. c. 9. known to the Phoenicians and with so much judgment vindicated by a Learned Author in that his excellent and useful Institution In all events we resort to the greatest Captain and without dispute the purest of Ancient Writers De Bello Gall. lib. 3. The Description which Caesar makes of the Supplies this Island afforded the Gauls and which made him think it worth his while to bring-over his Legions hither will inform us that the structure of their Vessels was not altogether of Twigs and Oxes-Hides And the Veneti it seems had then a Navy of no less than 200 Sail built of goodly Oak tall and so bravely equipped for War and to endure the Sea as that great General acknowledg'd the Romans themselves had nothing approach'd it which we mention because divers grave Authors believe the British Vessels sent sometime as Auxiliaries were thought to be like them And the slender Experience which the Gauls or in truth any other Neighbour of theirs had of the opposite Shoars when the Britains were thus Instructed both for Defence and Commerce and at that time per●itted certain Merchants onely to frequent their Coasts is a fair Praescription how Early She Intituled her self to the Dominion of the Seas which if at any time interrupted by barbarous Surprize or Invasion as in the Ages following it seem'd to be yet neither did That continue any longer than till the prevalent Force was established which soon Asserting the Title as Lords and in Right of England maintain'd her Praerogative from Time immemorial I know not why therefore a solitary Writer or two should go about to deprive this Nation of more than Twelve hundred Years at Once because an Heroick Prince has had the Misfortune to have his Mighty Actions reported by some weak and less-accurate Pens Yet such as the Times wherein they liv'd could furnish especially too since this has been the Fate of as brave Men as any whom History has Recorded But by this Pretence some there are who would take from us the Renowned ARTHUR who is reported to have led his Squadrons as far as Ise-Land See ●APXAIONOMIA sive de Priscis Anglorum Legibus written by Lambard and Publish'd by Mr. Wheelock and brought the Northern People under his Flag planting the Con●ines of the British-Ocean as far as the Russian Tracts and this together with all th● Northern and Eastern Isles to be D● Iure Appendices unto this Kingdom me may find in the Leges Edwardi confirm'd by the Norman Conquerour for so it had indeed been left to the famous EDGAR to mention onely Egbert Althr●d Ethelfred c. Princes all of them signally meritorious for their Care of the Sea who soon finding by Experience what Benefit and Protection his Country receiv'd by the extraordinary Vigilancy on the Coasts and the Vindicating of his Dominions on the Waters Cover'd them at Once with no less than Four thousand Sail nor it seems without Cause the time consider'd since we lay so expos'd to a barbarous Enemy Alfred whom we mention'd found it so in his daies a sober and well-Consulted Prince and therefore provided himself of the same Expedient against the troublesome Danes whom he not seldome humbl●d But this MAXIME as often as Neglected did as certainly expose the Nation to Prey and Contempt as not long after it to the Norman Power Nimis multa extare documenta Britanniae esse Domin●s qui essent Maris Grot. Hist. l. 13. and may so again to a Greater when through a fatal Supineness we shall either Remit of our wonted Vigilancy and due Provisions or suffer our Up-start Neighbours to Incroach upon us so True is that saying By what means any Thing is Acquir'd by the same 't is Preserv'd Did this Island wisely Consider the Happiness of not needing many Fronteirs to protect her from hourly Alarms or In-Land Fortresses to check the suddain and rude Incursions to which all Continents are Obnoxious she would not think her Bounty to her Prince a Burthen who by maintaining a glorious and formidable Navy at Sea not onely renders her Inhabitants secure at Home without multiplying of Governours and G●arnisons which are ever jealous to a Free and Loyal People but unless wanting to themselves Repairs their Layings-out with immense Advantages and by securing and Improving that Trade and Commerce which onely can render a Nation flourishing and which has hitherto given us the Ascendent over the rest of the World so True is another Axiom Qui MARE tenet Cic. ad A●ic l. 10. Ep. 7. eum necesse esse rerum

Borders of that Shoar and West part of Denmark to the Western Gallia all along the other side 44. There are who put some stress here upon ancient Inscriptions especially that mention'd by Greuter of a Proefect of a British Fleet and on the Ornaments and Ensigns of Dominion found in several Medals and Antiquities to be met withal in the Collections of learned men vindicating the peculiar we contend for and continu'd from Edward the Third in several fair stamps nor are they to be rejected It suffices us that whatever the Government were still the dominion of the Sea return'd with that of the land to the Nation Z●zimus l. 6. An. 43● See Claud. in La●d Stil● l. 2. as when the Britains rejected the Roman Yoak which how extended when it came under the power of the English Saxon Kings and Danes is known to all the World as well as with what mighty Navies Edgar Canutus and others asserted and protected it under no lower Style than that of King Supream Lord and Governour of the Ocean Lying round about Britain for so runs the settlement of certain Revenues given by King Edgar to the Cathedral of Worcester says Mr. Selden 45. Since the Norman Conquest the Government of the several Provinces or Sheriffs exercised Jurisdiction on the Sea as far as their Countys extended Henry the Third constituted Captain Guardians and our First Edward distributed this Guard to three Admirals so did the second of that name and the form of our ancient Commissions to the several Admiralties mention the dominion of our Kings upon the Sea nor did any other Nation whatsoever Contest it as having little or nothing on the opposite Shoars whilst 't is evident the English Monarchs possess'd their Right in its intire Latitude for more than a thousand Years under one intire Empire and an un-interrupted enjoyment of the Sea as an appendant 46. To this we might add the Pass-Ports sued for by Forreigners from the Reign of Henry the Fourth and so down to Queen Elizabeth who during her War with Spain sometimes gave leave to the Swedes Dances and Ansiatic Towns and sometimes prohibited them Petitioning for Passes to sail through her Seas nay more she caus'd to be taken and brought into her Harbours Laden-ships of those Nations transgressing her Orders as far as the Streights of Lisbon which she could never have justify'd had she not been acknowledged Soveraign of the Seas through which they were to pass And though her Successour King Iames appointed certain limits on the English Coast by imaginary lines drawn from point to point round the Island in which he sometimes extended them far into the Sea I was not to Circumscribe a Jurisdiction a thing which he most industriously caution'd his Ministers never to yield R●t pat 2. Iac. part 32. so much as in discourse beyond which he did not pretend but in relation only to Acts of Hostility between the two great Antagonists the Spaniard and the Hollander declaring himself both Lord and Moderator of the British Seas from his Royal Predecessors 47. In several Commissions given to Sea Commanders by Edward the Third Rot. Scot. 10. Ed. Membran 16. the words are Our Progenitors the Kings of England have before these times been Lords of the British Seas on every side and in a certain Bill prefer'd in Parliament to the same Prince Rot. pat 46. Ed. 3. N. 2. 't is said That the English were ever in the Ages past so renown'd for Navies and Sea-Affairs that the Countries about them usually esteem'd and call'd them Soveraigns of the Sea And from the same Parliamentory testimony in the Reign of Henry the Fifth we learn that the Estates in that august Assembly did with one Consent affirm it as a thing unquestionable Rot. pat 8. Hen. 5. Mem. 3. A●t 6. That the Kings of England were Lords of the Sea and that That Sea was all which flow'd between the stream on both sides and made no doubt but a Tribute might be impos'd by Authority of Parliament upon all Strangers passing through them as we shall find Richard the Second to have done long before 48. In the Reign of Edward the Second Rot. pat 14. Ed. 2. p. 2. M. 26. in dorso Robert Earl of ●landers complaining of Injuries done his Subjects at Sea alledges that the King of England is bound in Right to do him Justice for that he was Lord of the Sea But there cannot in the World be a more pregnant Instance for the vindication of this dominion and the silencing all Objections than the famous complaint against the Genoeze Grimbaldi who during the War between the French and those of Flanders infesting the Seas and disturbing Comme●ce occasion'd all the Nations of Europe bordering on the Sea to have recourse and appeal to the Kings of England whom from time to time and by Right immemorial they acknowledged to be in peaceable possession of the Soveraign Lordship and dominion of the Seas of England and Islands of the same This Libel or Complaint was exhibited in the time of Edward the First almost three hundred years since and is still extant in the Archives of the Tower 49. And thus we have seen how the Sea is not only a distinct province Capable of Propriety Limits and other just Circumstances of Peculiar Dominion as a bound not Bounding his Majesties Empire but as bounded by it in another respect and that this was never violated so much as by Syllogism 'till some Mercenary pens were set on work against Spain through whose tender sides at that time and with great artifice 1509. Treaty with Spain concerning Trade to the Indies the Barnevelt faction endeavour'd to transfix us Soon it was perceiv'd and as soon encounter'd in the mean time that one would smile to find their mighty Champion then fairly accknowledg upon another Occasion and when it seems he resolv'd to speak out Angliae Regina Oceani Imperium That the Queen of England Grot. Annal. l. 2. 1570. was Dominatrix of the Sea So great is the Truth and will prevail In a word if the premier Occupant be a legal and just plea to the Right of other possessions the Kings and Queens of England descending from or succeeding to them who first asserted the Title are still invested with it sure we are this Argument was held good and illustrated by the First and best foundation of Empire when the State of Venice claiming the Adriatic by no other held that famous Controversie with Ferdinand of Friuli by their Advocate Rapicio and Chizzola Commissioners being mutually chosen to determine it and how far Antiquity is on our side The Greeks Romans Tyrians Phoenicians and othe●s have abundantly declar'd and with what caution they interdicted Strangers here with us till the Claudian Expedition annex'd it with the dominion of all Britain to that Glorious Empire which to protect against the Piratical Saxons then not seldom infesting our Coasts the Comites Maritimi